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Araújo EV, Carneiro SV, Neto DMA, Freire TM, Costa VM, Freire RM, Fechine LMUD, Clemente CS, Denardin JC, Dos Santos JCS, Santos-Oliveira R, Rocha JS, Fechine PBA. Advances in surface design and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103166. [PMID: 38728773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant efforts by scientists in the development of advanced nanotechnology materials for smart diagnosis devices and drug delivery systems, the success of clinical trials remains largely elusive. In order to address this biomedical challenge, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained attention as a promising candidate due to their theranostic properties, which allow the simultaneous treatment and diagnosis of a disease. Moreover, MNPs have advantageous characteristics such as a larger surface area, high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced mobility, mass transference and, more notably, easy manipulation under external magnetic fields. Besides, certain magnetic particle types based on the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase have already been FDA-approved, demonstrating biocompatible and low toxicity. Typically, surface modification and/or functional group conjugation are required to prevent oxidation and particle aggregation. A wide range of inorganic and organic molecules have been utilized to coat the surface of MNPs, including surfactants, antibodies, synthetic and natural polymers, silica, metals, and various other substances. Furthermore, various strategies have been developed for the synthesis and surface functionalization of MNPs to enhance their colloidal stability, biocompatibility, good response to an external magnetic field, etc. Both uncoated MNPs and those coated with inorganic and organic compounds exhibit versatility, making them suitable for a range of applications such as drug delivery systems (DDS), magnetic hyperthermia, fluorescent biological labels, biodetection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, this review provides an update of recently published MNPs works, providing a current discussion regarding their strategies of synthesis and surface modifications, biomedical applications, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Araújo
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - S V Carneiro
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - D M A Neto
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - T M Freire
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - V M Costa
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - R M Freire
- Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330601, Chile.
| | - L M U D Fechine
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - C S Clemente
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - J C Denardin
- Physics Department and CEDENNA, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile.
| | - J C S Dos Santos
- Engineering and Sustainable Development Institute, International Afro-Brazilian Lusophone Integration University, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil.
| | - R Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, R. Helio de Almeida, 75, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, RJ, Brazil; Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy, Av Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203, Campo Grande 23070200, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Janaina S Rocha
- Industrial Technology and Quality Center of Ceará, R. Prof. Rômulo Proença, s/n - Pici, 60440-552 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - P B A Fechine
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Alrammah F, Xu L, Patel N, Kontis N, Rosado A, Gu T. Conductive magnetic nanowires accelerated electron transfer between C1020 carbon steel and Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171763. [PMID: 38494030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are behind microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Sessile cells in biofilms are many times more concentrated volumetrically than planktonic cells in the bulk fluids, thus providing locally high concentrations of chemicals. More importantly, "electroactive" sessile cells in biofilms are capable of utilizing extracellularly supplied electrons (e.g., from elemental Fe) for intracellular reduction of an oxidant such as sulfate in energy metabolism. MIC directly caused by anaerobic biofilms is classified into two main types based on their mechanisms: extracellular electron transfer MIC (EET-MIC) and metabolite MIC (M-MIC). Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are notorious for their corrosivity. They can cause EET-MIC in carbon steel, but they can also secrete biogenic H2S to corrode other metals such as Cu directly via M-MIC. This study investigated the use of conductive magnetic nanowires as electron mediators to accelerate and thus identify EET-MIC of C1020 by Desulfovibrio vulgaris. The presence of 40 ppm (w/w) nanowires in ATCC 1249 culture medium at 37 °C resulted in 45 % higher weight loss and 57 % deeper corrosion pits after 7-day incubation. Electrochemical tests using linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization supported the weight loss data trend. These findings suggest that conductive magnetic nanowires can be employed to identify EET-MIC. The use of insoluble 2 μm long nanowires proved that the extracellular section of the electron transfer process is a bottleneck in SRB MIC of carbon steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Alrammah
- Department of Biology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; Environmental Sciences Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Niketan Patel
- Environmental Sciences Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas Kontis
- Environmental Sciences Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandre Rosado
- Environmental Sciences Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Nana AB, Marimuthu T, Wamwangi D, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE. Design and Evaluation of Composite Magnetic Iron-Platinum Nanowires for Targeted Cancer Nanomedicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1857. [PMID: 37509497 PMCID: PMC10377173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to synthesize and investigate the influence of geometrical structure, magnetism, and cytotoxic activity on core-shell platinum and iron-platinum (Fe/Pt) composite nanowires (NWs) for potential application in targeted chemotherapeutic approaches. The Pt-NWs and Fe/Pt composite NWs were synthesized via template electrodeposition, using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. The Fe/Pt composite NWs (Method 1) was synthesized using two electrodeposition steps, allowing for greater control of the diameter of the NW core. The Fe/Pt composite NWs (Method 2) was synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition, using a single electrolytic bath. The properties of the synthesized NWs were assessed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and surface charge (zeta potential). A microscopy image analysis of the NWs revealed the presence of high-aspect-ratio NWs with nominal diameters of 40-50 nm and lengths of approximately <4 µm. The obtained powder XRD patterns confirmed the presence of a polycrystalline structure for both Pt NWs and Fe/Pt composite NWs. The potential utility of the synthesized NW nanoplatforms for anticancer activity was investigated using Tera 1 cells and Mouse 3T3 cells. Pt-NWs displayed modest cytotoxic activity against Tera 1 cells, while the Fe/Pt composite NWs (both Methods 1 and 2) demonstrated enhanced cytotoxic activity compared to the Pt-NWs on Tera 1 cells. The Fe/Pt composite NWs (Method 1) displayed ferromagnetic behavior and enhanced cytotoxic activity compared to Pt-NWs on Tera 1 cells, thus providing a sound basis for future magnetically targeted chemotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakr Nana
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wamwangi
- School of Physics, Materials Physics Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Cortés-Llanos B, Rauti R, Ayuso-Sacido Á, Pérez L, Ballerini L. Impact of Magnetite Nanowires on In Vitro Hippocampal Neural Networks. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050783. [PMID: 37238653 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials design, synthesis, and characterization are ever-expanding approaches toward developing biodevices or neural interfaces to treat neurological diseases. The ability of nanomaterials features to tune neuronal networks' morphology or functionality is still under study. In this work, we unveil how interfacing mammalian brain cultured neurons and iron oxide nanowires' (NWs) orientation affect neuronal and glial densities and network activity. Iron oxide NWs were synthesized by electrodeposition, fixing the diameter to 100 nm and the length to 1 µm. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and contact angle measurements were performed to characterize the NWs' morphology, chemical composition, and hydrophilicity. Hippocampal cultures were seeded on NWs devices, and after 14 days, the cell morphology was studied by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Live calcium imaging was performed to study neuronal activity. Using random nanowires (R-NWs), higher neuronal and glial cell densities were obtained compared with the control and vertical nanowires (V-NWs), while using V-NWs, more stellate glial cells were found. R-NWs produced a reduction in neuronal activity, while V-NWs increased the neuronal network activity, possibly due to a higher neuronal maturity and a lower number of GABAergic neurons, respectively. These results highlight the potential of NWs manipulations to design ad hoc regenerative interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Cortés-Llanos
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Rossana Rauti
- International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS-SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Deparment of Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Ángel Ayuso-Sacido
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Experimental Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Pérez
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS-SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
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Fullerton J, Hierro-Rodriguez A, Donnelly C, Sanz-Hernández D, Skoric L, MacLaren DA, Fernández-Pacheco A. Controlled evolution of three-dimensional magnetic states in strongly coupled cylindrical nanowire pairs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:125301. [PMID: 36595337 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca9d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical magnetic nanowires are promising systems for the development of three-dimensional spintronic devices. Here, we simulate the evolution of magnetic states during fabrication of strongly-coupled cylindrical nanowires with varying degrees of overlap. By varying the separation between wires, the relative strength of exchange and magnetostatic coupling can be tuned. Hence, we observe the formation of six fundamental states as a function of both inter-wire separation and wire height. In particular, two complex three-dimensional magnetic states, a 3D Landau Pattern and a Helical domain wall, are observed to emerge for intermediate overlap. These two emergent states show complex spin configurations, including a modulated domain wall with both Néel and Bloch character. The competition of magnetic interactions and the parallel growth scheme we follow (growing both wires at the same time) favours the formation of these anti-parallel metastable states. This works shows how the engineering of strongly coupled 3D nanostructures with competing interactions can be used to create complex spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fullerton
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Sanz-Hernández
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - L Skoric
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D A MacLaren
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Fernández-Pacheco
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Marqués-Marchán J, Fernandez-Roldan JA, Bran C, Puttock R, Barton C, Moreno JA, Kosel J, Vazquez M, Kazakova O, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Asenjo A. Distinguishing Local Demagnetization Contribution to the Magnetization Process in Multisegmented Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1968. [PMID: 35745306 PMCID: PMC9229024 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical magnetic nanowires are promising materials that have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications. The versatility of these nanostructures is based on the tunability of their magnetic properties, which is achieved by appropriately selecting their composition and morphology. In addition, stochastic behavior has attracted attention in the development of neuromorphic devices relying on probabilistic magnetization switching. Here, we present a study of the magnetization reversal process in multisegmented CoNi/Cu nanowires. Nonstandard 2D magnetic maps, recorded under an in-plane magnetic field, produce datasets that correlate with magnetoresistance measurements and micromagnetic simulations. From this process, the contribution of the individual segments to the demagnetization process can be distinguished. The results show that the magnetization reversal in these nanowires does not occur through a single Barkhausen jump, but rather by multistep switching, as individual CoNi segments in the NW undergo a magnetization reversal. The existence of vortex states is confirmed by their footprint in the magnetoresistance and 2D MFM maps. In addition, the stochasticity of the magnetization reversal is analysed. On the one hand, we observe different switching fields among the segments due to a slight variation in geometrical parameters or magnetic anisotropy. On the other hand, the stochasticity is observed in a series of repetitions of the magnetization reversal processes for the same NW under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marqués-Marchán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Jose Angel Fernandez-Roldan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Cristina Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Robert Puttock
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; (R.P.); (C.B.); (O.K.)
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Craig Barton
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; (R.P.); (C.B.); (O.K.)
| | - Julián A. Moreno
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Silicon Austria Labs, Sensor Systems Division, A-9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Manuel Vazquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Olga Kazakova
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; (R.P.); (C.B.); (O.K.)
| | - Oksana Chubykalo-Fesenko
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
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A Study of Ta 2O 5 Nanopillars with Ni Tips Prepared by Porous Anodic Alumina Through-Mask Anodization. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081344. [PMID: 35458052 PMCID: PMC9025906 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper discusses the formation of Ta2O5 pillars with Ni tips during thin porous anodic alumina through-mask anodization on Si/SiO2 substrates. The tantalum nanopillars were formed through porous masks in electrolytes of phosphoric and oxalic acid. The Ni tips on the Ta2O5 pillars were formed via vacuum evaporation through the porous mask. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties at 4.2 and 300 K of the Ta2O5 nanopillars with Ni tips have been studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The main mechanism of the formation of the Ta2O5 pillars during through-mask anodization was revealed. The superparamagnetic behavior of the magnetic hysteresis loop of the Ta2O5 nanopillars with Ni tips was observed. Such nanostructures can be used to develop novel functional nanomaterials for magnetic, electronic, biomedical, and optical nano-scale devices.
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Bustamante-Torres M, Romero-Fierro D, Arcentales-Vera B, Pardo S, Bucio E. Interaction between Filler and Polymeric Matrix in Nanocomposites: Magnetic Approach and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2998. [PMID: 34503038 PMCID: PMC8434030 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymer nanocomposites produced by combining nanofillers and a polymeric matrix are emerging as interesting materials. Polymeric composites have a wide range of applications due to the outstanding and enhanced properties that are obtained thanks to the introduction of nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the filler-matrix relationship is an important factor in the continued growth of this scientific area and the development of new materials with desired properties and specific applications. Due to their performance in response to a magnetic field magnetic nanocomposites represent an important class of functional nanocomposites. Due to their properties, magnetic nanocomposites have found numerous applications in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, theranostics, etc. This article aims to provide an overview of the filler-polymeric matrix relationship, with a special focus on magnetic nanocomposites and their potential applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Bustamante-Torres
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad de Investigación de Tecnología Experimental Yachay, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - David Romero-Fierro
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
- Departamento de Química, Escuela de Ciencias Química e Ingeniería, Universidad de Investigación de Tecnología Experimental Yachay, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | - Belén Arcentales-Vera
- Departamento de Química, Escuela de Ciencias Química e Ingeniería, Universidad de Investigación de Tecnología Experimental Yachay, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | - Samantha Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito 170702, Ecuador;
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito 170702, Ecuador;
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García J, Manterola AM, Méndez M, Fernández-Roldán JA, Vega V, González S, Prida VM. Magnetization Reversal Process and Magnetostatic Interactions in Fe 56Co 44/SiO 2/Fe 3O 4 Core/Shell Ferromagnetic Nanowires with Non-Magnetic Interlayer. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092282. [PMID: 34578598 PMCID: PMC8466189 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, numerous works regarding nanowires or nanotubes are being published, studying different combinations of materials or geometries with single or multiple layers. However, works, where both nanotube and nanowires are forming complex structures, are scarcer due to the underlying difficulties that their fabrication and characterization entail. Among the specific applications for these nanostructures that can be used in sensing or high-density magnetic data storage devices, there are the fields of photonics or spintronics. To achieve further improvements in these research fields, a complete understanding of the magnetic properties exhibited by these nanostructures is needed, including their magnetization reversal processes and control of the magnetic domain walls. In order to gain a deeper insight into this topic, complex systems are being fabricated by altering their dimensions or composition. In this work, a successful process flow for the additive fabrication of core/shell nanowires arrays is developed. The core/shell nanostructures fabricated here consist of a magnetic nanowire nucleus (Fe56Co44), grown by electrodeposition and coated by a non-magnetic SiO2 layer coaxially surrounded by a magnetic Fe3O4 nanotubular coating both fabricated by means of the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique. Moreover, the magnetization reversal processes of these coaxial nanostructures and the magnetostatic interactions between the two magnetic components are investigated by means of standard magnetometry and First Order Reversal Curve methodology. From this study, a two-step magnetization reversal of the core/shell bimagnetic nanostructure is inferred, which is also corroborated by the hysteresis loops of individual core/shell nanostructures measured by Kerr effect-based magnetometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca No. 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (J.A.F.-R.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Alejandro M. Manterola
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca No. 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (J.A.F.-R.); (S.G.)
| | - Miguel Méndez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca No. 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (J.A.F.-R.); (S.G.)
| | - Jose Angel Fernández-Roldán
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca No. 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (J.A.F.-R.); (S.G.)
| | - Víctor Vega
- Laboratorio de Membranas Nanoporosas, Edificio de Servicios Científico Técnicos “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Fernando Bonguera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Silvia González
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca No. 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (J.A.F.-R.); (S.G.)
| | - Víctor M. Prida
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca No. 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (J.A.F.-R.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (V.M.P.)
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10
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Ruiz-Clavijo A, Caballero-Calero O, Martín-González M. Revisiting anodic alumina templates: from fabrication to applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2227-2265. [PMID: 33480949 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anodic porous alumina, -AAO- (also known as nanoporous alumina, nanohole alumina arrays, -NAA- or nanoporous anodized alumina platforms, -NAAP-) has opened new opportunities in a wide range of fields, and is used as an advanced photonic structure for applications in structural coloration and advanced optical biosensing based on the ordered nanoporous structure obtained and as a template to grow nanowires or nanotubes of different materials giving rise to metamaterials with tailored properties. Therefore, understanding the structure of nanoporous anodic alumina templates and knowing how they are fabricated provide a tool for the further design of structures based on them, such as 3D nanoporous structures developed recently. In this work, we review the latest developments related to nanoporous alumina, which is currently a very active field, to provide a solid and thorough reference for all interested experts, both in academia and industry, on these nanostructured and highly useful structures. We present an overview of theories on the formation of pores and self-ordering in alumina, paying special attention to those presented in recent years, and different nanostructures that have been developed recently. Therefore, a wide variety of architectures, ranging from ordered nanoporous structures to diameter changing pores, branched pores, and 3D nanostructures will be discussed. Next, some of the most relevant results using different nanostructured morphologies as templates for the growth of different materials with novel properties and reduced dimensionality in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc. will be summarised, showing how these structures have influenced the state of the art in a wide variety of fields. Finally, a review on how these anodic aluminium membranes are used as platforms for different applications combined with optical techniques, together with principles behind these applications will be presented, in addition to a hint on the future applications of these versatile nanomaterials. In summary, this review is focused on the most recent developments, without neglecting the basis and older studies that have led the way to these findings. Thus, it gives an updated state-of-the-art review that should be useful not only for experts in the field, but also for non-specialists, helping them to gain a broad understanding of the importance of anodic porous alumina, and most probably, endow them with new ideas for its use in fields of interest or even developing the anodization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ruiz-Clavijo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga Caballero-Calero
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Aral G, Islam MM. Atomic-scale investigation of the effect of surface carbon coatings on the oxidation and mechanical properties of iron nanowires. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the complex atomistic-scale mechanisms of the oxidation process of carbon (C) coated iron nanowires (Fe NW) and also the resulting modulation of mechanical properties is a highly challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Aral
- Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Md Mahbubul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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12
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Demir E. A review on nanotoxicity and nanogenotoxicity of different shapes of nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:118-147. [PMID: 33111384 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) generally display fascinating physical and chemical properties that are not always present in bulk materials; therefore, any modification to their size, shape, or coating tends to cause significant changes in their chemical/physical and biological characteristics. The dramatic increase in efforts to use NMs renders the risk assessment of their toxicity highly crucial due to the possible health perils of this relatively uncharted territory. The different sizes and shapes of the nanoparticles are known to have an impact on organisms and an important place in clinical applications. The shape of nanoparticles, namely, whether they are rods, wires, or spheres, is a particularly critical parameter to affect cell uptake and site-specific drug delivery, representing a significant factor in determining the potency and magnitude of the effect. This review, therefore, intends to offer a picture of research into the toxicity of different shapes (nanorods, nanowires, and nanospheres) of NMs to in vitro and in vivo models, presenting an in-depth analysis of health risks associated with exposure to such nanostructures and benefits achieved by using certain model organisms in genotoxicity testing. Nanotoxicity experiments use various models and tests, such as cell cultures, cores, shells, and coating materials. This review article also attempts to raise awareness about practical applications of NMs in different shapes in biology, to evaluate their potential genotoxicity, and to suggest approaches to explain underlying mechanisms of their toxicity and genotoxicity depending on nanoparticle shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya, Turkey
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13
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Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures and nanomaterials play essential roles in modern bio medicine and technology. Proper surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) allows the selective bonding thus application of magnetic forces to a vast range of cellular structures and biomolecules. However, the spherical geometry of NPs poises a series of limitations in various potential applications. Mostly, typical spherical core shell structure consists of magnetic and non-magnetic layers have little tunability in terms of magnetic responses, and their single surface functionality also limits chemical activity and selectivity. In comparison to spherical NPs, nanowires (NWs) possess more degrees of freedom in achieving magnetic and surface chemical tenability. In addition to adjustment of magnetic anisotropy and inter-layer interactions, another important feature of NWs is their ability to combine different components along their length, which can result in diverse bio-magnetic applications. Magnetic NWs have become the candidate material for biomedical applications owing to their high magnetization, cheapness and cost effective synthesis. With large magnetic moment, anisotropy, biocompatibility and low toxicity, magnetic NWs have been recently used in living cell manipulation, magnetic cell separation and magnetic hyperthermia. In this review, the basic concepts of magnetic characteristics of nanoscale objects and the influences of aspect ratio, composition and diameter on magnetic properties of NWs are addressed. Some underpinning physical principles of magnetic hyperthermia (MH), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic separation (MS) have been discussed. Finally, recent studies on magnetic NWs for the applications in MH, MRI and MS were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Mukhtar
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Alsharif NA, Aleisa FA, Liu G, Ooi BS, Patel N, Ravasi T, Merzaban JS, Kosel J. Functionalization of Magnetic Nanowires for Active Targeting and Enhanced Cell-Killing Efficacy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4789-4797. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A. Alsharif
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fajr A. Aleisa
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S. Ooi
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niketan Patel
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Li Q, Kartikowati CW, Iwaki T, Okuyama K, Ogi T. Enhanced magnetic performance of aligned wires assembled from nanoparticles: from nanoscale to macroscale. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191656. [PMID: 32431870 PMCID: PMC7211840 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic wires in highly dense arrays, possessing unique magnetic properties, are eagerly anticipated for inexpensive and scalable fabrication technologies. This study reports a facile method to fabricate arrays of magnetic wires directly assembled from well-dispersed α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average diameters of 45 nm and 65 nm, respectively. The magnetic arrays with a height scale of the order of 10 mm were formed on substrate surfaces, which were perpendicular to an applied magnetic field of 15 T. The applied magnetic field aligned the easy axis of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and resulted in a significant enhancement of the magnetic performance. Hysteresis curves reveal that values of magnetic coercivity and remanent magnetization in the preferred magnetization direction are both higher than that of the nanoparticles, while these values in the perpendicular direction are both lower. Enhancement in the magnetic property for arrays made from spindle-shape α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 nanoparticles is higher than that made from cube-like α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 ones, owing to the shape anisotropy of MNPs. Furthermore, the assembled highly magnetic α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 arrays produced a detectable magnetic field with an intensity of approximately 0.2 T. Although high-intensity external field benefits for the fabrication of magnetic arrays, the newly developed technique provides an environmentally friendly and feasible approach to fabricate magnetic wires in highly dense arrays in open environment condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Christina W. Kartikowati
- JurusanTeknik Kimia, FakultasTeknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kikuo Okuyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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16
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Martínez-Banderas AI, Aires A, Plaza-García S, Colás L, Moreno JA, Ravasi T, Merzaban JS, Ramos-Cabrer P, Cortajarena AL, Kosel J. Magnetic core-shell nanowires as MRI contrast agents for cell tracking. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:42. [PMID: 32164746 PMCID: PMC7069006 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the precise location of cells and their migration dynamics is of utmost importance for achieving the therapeutic potential of cells after implantation into a host. Magnetic resonance imaging is a suitable, non-invasive technique for cell monitoring when used in combination with contrast agents. RESULTS This work shows that nanowires with an iron core and an iron oxide shell are excellent materials for this application, due to their customizable magnetic properties and biocompatibility. The longitudinal and transverse magnetic relaxivities of the core-shell nanowires were evaluated at 1.5 T, revealing a high performance as T2 contrast agents. Different levels of oxidation and various surface coatings were tested at 7 T. Their effects on the T2 contrast were reflected in the tailored transverse relaxivities. Finally, the detection of nanowire-labeled breast cancer cells was demonstrated in T2-weighted images of cells implanted in both, in vitro in tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo in mouse brain. Labeling the cells with a nanowire concentration of 0.8 μg of Fe/mL allowed the detection of 25 cells/µL in vitro, diminishing the possibility of side effects. This performance enabled an efficient labelling for high-resolution cell detection after in vivo implantation (~ 10 nanowire-labeled cells) over a minimum of 40 days. CONCLUSIONS Iron-iron oxide core-shell nanowires enabled the efficient and longitudinal cellular detection through magnetic resonance imaging acting as T2 contrast agents. Combined with the possibility of magnetic guidance as well as triggering of cellular responses, for instance by the recently discovered strong photothermal response, opens the door to new horizons in cell therapy and make iron-iron oxide core-shell nanowires a promising theranostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Isaac Martínez-Banderas
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Aires
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sandra Plaza-García
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lorena Colás
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julián A Moreno
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Mª Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Mª Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
- IMDEA Nanociencia and Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Singh SK, Rajib MM, Drobitch JL, Atulasimha J, Bandyopadhyay S, Subramanian A. A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39763-39770. [PMID: 35515396 PMCID: PMC9057435 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetoelectrokinetic model to investigate a new approach to magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis for ultra-high precision and parallel assembly of ferromagnetic Ni nanowires (NWs) on silicon chips. The underlying assembly methodology relies on a combination of electric and magnetic fields to manipulate single nanowires from a colloidal suspension and yield their assembly on top of electrodes with better than 25 nm precision. The electric fields and the resultant dielectrophoretic forces are generated through the use of patterned gold nanoelectrodes, and deliver long-range forces that attract NWs from farther regions of the workspace and bring them in proximity to the nanoelectrodes. Next, magnetic-fields generated by cobalt magnets, which are stacked on top of the gold nanoelectrodes at their center and pre-magnetized using external magnetic fields, deliver short range forces to capture the nanowires precisely on top of the nanomagnets. The 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model, which is built using a finite element code in COMSOL software and with further computations in MATLAB, computes the trajectory and final deposition location as well as orientation for all possible starting locations of a Ni NW within the assembly workspace. The analysis reveals that magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis achieves ultra-high precision assembly of NWs on top of the cobalt nanomagnets from a 42% larger workspace volume as compared to pure dielectrophoresis and thereby, establishes the benefits of adding magnetic fields to the assembly workspace. Furthermore, this approach is combined with a strategy to confine the suspension within the reservoir that contains a high density of favorable NW starting locations to deliver high assembly yields for landing NWs on top of contacts that are only twice as wide as the NWs. Magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis delivers ultra-high precision assembly of single nanowires.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K. Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Md Mahadi Rajib
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Justine L. Drobitch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Jayasimha Atulasimha
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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18
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Nana ABA, Marimuthu T, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, Du Toit LC, Pillay V. Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires: Design, Fabrication, and Future Prospects as Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1956. [PMID: 31817598 PMCID: PMC6966456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapeutics are limited by factors such as multi-drug resistance and a plethora of adverse effect. These limitations need to be overcome for the progression of cancer treatment. In order to overcome these limitations, multifunctional nanosystems have recently been introduced into the market. The employment of multifunctional nanosystems provide for the enhancement of treatment efficacy and therapeutic effect as well as a decrease in drug toxicity. However, in addition to these effects, magnetic nanowires bring specific advantages over traditional nanoparticles in multifunctional systems in terms of the formulation and application into a therapeutic system. The most significant of which is its larger surface area, larger net magnetic moment compared to nanoparticles, and interaction under a magnetic field. This results in magnetic nanowires producing a greater drug delivery and therapeutic platform with specific regard to magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, and magnetic actuation. This, in turn, increases the potential of magnetic nanowires for decreasing adverse effects and improving patient therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on the design, fabrication, and future potential of multifunctional magnetic nanowire systems with the emphasis on improving patient chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; (A.B.A.N.); (T.M.); (P.P.D.K.); (Y.E.C.); (L.C.D.T.)
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19
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Martínez-Banderas AI, Aires A, Quintanilla M, Holguín-Lerma JA, Lozano-Pedraza C, Teran FJ, Moreno JA, Perez JE, Ooi BS, Ravasi T, Merzaban JS, Cortajarena AL, Kosel J. Iron-Based Core-Shell Nanowires for Combinatorial Drug Delivery and Photothermal and Magnetic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43976-43988. [PMID: 31682404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Combining different therapies into a single nanomaterial platform is a promising approach for achieving more efficient, less invasive, and personalized treatments. Here, we report on the development of such a platform by utilizing nanowires with an iron core and iron oxide shell as drug carriers and exploiting their optical and magnetic properties. The iron core has a large magnetization, which provides the foundation for low-power magnetic manipulation and magnetomechanical treatment. The iron oxide shell enables functionalization with doxorubicin through a pH-sensitive linker, providing selective intracellular drug delivery. Combined, the core-shell nanostructure features an enhanced light-matter interaction in the near-infrared region, resulting in a high photothermal conversion efficiency of >80% for effective photothermal treatment. Applied to cancer cells, the collective effect of the three modalities results in an extremely efficient treatment with nearly complete cell death (∼90%). In combination with the possibility of guidance and detection, this platform provides powerful tools for the development of advanced treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Isaac Martínez-Banderas
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Aires
- CIC biomaGUNE , Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián , Paseo Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Marta Quintanilla
- CIC biomaGUNE , Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián , Paseo Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jorge A Holguín-Lerma
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Lozano-Pedraza
- iMdea Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco , C\Faraday, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco J Teran
- iMdea Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco , C\Faraday, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Nanobiotechnology Unit (iMdea Nanociencia) associated with Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Julián A Moreno
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose E Perez
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S Ooi
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- CIC biomaGUNE , Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián , Paseo Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- iMdea Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco , C\Faraday, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Nanobiotechnology Unit (iMdea Nanociencia) associated with Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco , Madrid 28049 , Spain
- Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , Ma Dı́az de Haro 3 , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal Jeddah 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
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20
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Corte-León H, Rodríguez LA, Pancaldi M, Gatel C, Cox D, Snoeck E, Antonov V, Vavassori P, Kazakova O. Magnetic imaging using geometrically constrained nano-domain walls. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4478-4488. [PMID: 30805582 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07729k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures, as part of hybrid CMOS technology, have the potential to overcome silicon's scaling limit. However, a major problem is how to characterize their magnetization without disturbing it. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) offers a convenient way of studying magnetization, but spatial resolution and sensitivity are usually boosted at the cost of increasing probe-sample interaction. By using a single magnetic domain wall (DW), confined in a V-shape nanostructure fabricated at the probe apex, it is demonstrated here that the spatial resolution and the magnetic sensitivity can be decoupled and both enhanced. Indeed, owing to the nanostructure's strong shape anisotropy, DW-probes have 2 high and 2 low magnetic moment states with opposite polarities, characterised by a geometrically constrained pinned DW, and curled magnetization, respectively. Electron holography studies, supported by numerical simulations, and in situ MFM show that the DW-probe state can be controlled, and thus used as a switchable tool with a low/high stray field intensity.
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21
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Ivanov YP, Leliaert J, Crespo A, Pancaldi M, Tollan C, Kosel J, Chuvilin A, Vavassori P. Design of Intense Nanoscale Stray Fields and Gradients at Magnetic Nanorod Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4678-4685. [PMID: 30607950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We explore electrodeposited ordered arrays of Fe, Ni, and Co nanorods embedded in anodic alumina membranes as a source of intense magnetic stray field gradients localized at the nanoscale. We perform a multiscale characterization of the stray fields using a combination of experimental methods (magnetooptical Kerr effect and virtual bright field differential phase contrast imaging) and micromagnetic simulations and establish a clear correlation between the stray fields and the magnetic configurations of the nanorods. For uniformly magnetized Fe and Ni wires, the field gradients vary following saturation magnetization of the corresponding metal and the diameter of the wires. In the case of Co nanorods, very localized (∼10 nm) and intense (>1 T) stray field sources are associated with the cores of magnetic vortexes. Confinement of that strong field at extremely small dimensions leads to exceptionally high field gradients up to 108 T/m. These results demonstrate a clear path to design and fine-tune nanoscale magnetic stray field ordered patterns with a broad applicability in key nanotechnologies, such as nanomedicine, nanobiology, nanoplasmonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii P Ivanov
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , U.K
- School of Natural Sciences , Far Eastern Federal University , 690950 Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Jonathan Leliaert
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , BE9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Adrian Crespo
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Christopher Tollan
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Jurgen Kosel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3 , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Paolo Vavassori
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3 , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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22
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Klekotka U, Zambrzycka-Szelewa E, Kalska-Szostko B. Stability of nanowires in environmental aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Lee M, Jang B, Yoon J, Mathpal MC, Lee Y, Kim C, Pane S, Nelson BJ, Lee D. Magnetic imaging of a single ferromagnetic nanowire using diamond atomic sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:405502. [PMID: 29998847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad2fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanorobotic manipulation of ferromagnetic nanowires bring new avenues for applications in the biomedical area, such as targeted drug delivery, diagnostics or localized surgery. However, probing a single nanowire and monitoring its dynamics remains a challenge since it demands high precision sensing, high-resolution imaging, and stable operations in fluidic environments. Here, we report on a novel method of imaging and sensing magnetic fields from a single ferromagnetic nanowire with an atomic-scale sensor in diamond, i.e. diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect center. The distribution of static magnetic fields around a single Co nanowire is mapped out by spatially distributed NV centers and the obtained image is further compared with numerical simulation for quantitative analysis. DC field measurements such as continuous-wave ODMR and Ramsey sequence are used in the paper and sub Gauss level of field sensing is demonstrated. By imaging magnetic fields at a single nanowire level, this work represents an important step toward tracking and probing of ferromagnetic nanowires in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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24
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Aral G, Islam MM, Wang YJ, Ogata S, Duin ACTV. Oxyhydroxide of metallic nanowires in a molecular H 2O and H 2O 2 environment and their effects on mechanical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17289-17303. [PMID: 29901673 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To avoid unexpected environmental mechanical failure, there is a strong need to fully understand the details of the oxidation process and intrinsic mechanical properties of reactive metallic iron (Fe) nanowires (NWs) under various aqueous reactive environmental conditions. Herein, we employed ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the oxidation of Fe NWs exposed to molecular water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment, and the influence of the oxide shell layer on the tensile mechanical deformation properties of Fe NWs. Our structural analysis shows that oxidation of Fe NWs occurs with the formation of different iron oxide and hydroxide phases in the aqueous molecular H2O and H2O2 oxidizing environments. We observe that the resulting microstructure due to pre-oxide shell layer formation reduces the mechanical stress via increasing the initial defect sites in the vicinity of the oxide region to facilitate the onset of plastic deformation during tensile loading. Specifically, the oxide layer of Fe NWs formed in the H2O2 environment has a relatively significant effect on the deterioration of the mechanical properties of Fe NWs. The weakening of the yield stress and Young modulus of H2O2 oxidized Fe NWs indicates the important role of local oxide microstructures on mechanical deformation properties of individual Fe NWs. Notably, deformation twinning is found as the primary mechanical plastic deformation mechanism of all Fe NWs, but it is initially observed at low strain and stress level for the oxidized Fe NWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Aral
- Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
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25
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Bran C, Berganza E, Fernandez-Roldan JA, Palmero EM, Meier J, Calle E, Jaafar M, Foerster M, Aballe L, Fraile Rodriguez A, P Del Real R, Asenjo A, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Vazquez M. Magnetization Ratchet in Cylindrical Nanowires. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5932-5939. [PMID: 29812903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The unidirectional motion of information carriers such as domain walls in magnetic nanostrips is a key feature for many future spintronic applications based on shift registers. This magnetic ratchet effect has so far been achieved in a limited number of complex nanomagnetic structures, for example, by lithographically engineered pinning sites. Here we report on a simple remagnetization ratchet originated in the asymmetric potential from the designed increasing lengths of magnetostatically coupled ferromagnetic segments in FeCo/Cu cylindrical nanowires. The magnetization reversal in neighboring segments propagates sequentially in steps starting from the shorter segments, irrespective of the applied field direction. This natural and efficient ratchet offers alternatives for the design of three-dimensional advanced storage and logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bran
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eider Berganza
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Ester M Palmero
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jessica Meier
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Esther Calle
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Miriam Jaafar
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, CELLS , 08290 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lucia Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, CELLS , 08290 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Rafael P Del Real
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vazquez
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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26
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Salem MS, Tejo F, Zierold R, Sergelius P, Moreno JMM, Goerlitz D, Nielsch K, Escrig J. Composition and diameter modulation of magnetic nanowire arrays fabricated by a novel approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:065602. [PMID: 29226847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Straight magnetic nanowires composed of nickel and permalloy segments having different diameters are synthesized using a promising approach. This approach involves the controlled electrodeposition of each magnetic material into specially designed diameter-modulated porous alumina templates. Standard alumina templates are exposed to pore widening followed by a protective coating of the pore wall with ultrathin silica and further anodization. Micromagnetic simulations are employed to investigate the process of magnetization reversal in the fabricated nanowires when the magnetic materials exchange their places in the thick and thin segments. It is found that the magnetization reversal occurs by the propagation of transverse domain wall (DW) when the thick segment is composed of permalloy. However, the reversal process proceeds by the propagation of vortex DW when permalloy is located at the thin segment.
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27
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Serrà A, Vallés E, García-Torres J. Electrochemically synthesized nanostructures for the manipulation of cells: Biohybrid micromotors. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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28
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Luongo G, Campagnolo P, Perez JE, Kosel J, Georgiou TK, Regoutz A, Payne DJ, Stevens MM, Ryan MP, Porter AE, Dunlop IE. Scalable High-Affinity Stabilization of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanostructures by a Biocompatible Antifouling Homopolymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40059-40069. [PMID: 29022699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanostructures have been widely developed for biomedical applications because of their magnetic properties and biocompatibility. In clinical applications, stabilization of these nanostructures against aggregation and nonspecific interactions is typically achieved using weakly anchored polysaccharides, with better-defined and more strongly anchored synthetic polymers not commercially adopted because of their complexity of synthesis and use. Here, we show for the first time stabilization and biocompatibilization of iron oxide nanoparticles by a synthetic homopolymer with strong surface anchoring and a history of clinical use in other applications, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) [poly(MPC)]. For the commercially important case of spherical particles, binding of poly(MPC) to iron oxide surfaces and highly effective individualization of magnetite nanoparticles (20 nm) are demonstrated. Next-generation high-aspect-ratio nanowires (both magnetite/maghemite and core-shell iron/iron oxide) are, furthermore, stabilized by poly(MPC) coating, with the nanowire cytotoxicity at large concentrations significantly reduced. The synthesis approach exploited to incorporate functionality into the poly(MPC) chain is demonstrated by random copolymerization with an alkyne-containing monomer for click chemistry. Taking these results together, poly(MPC) homopolymers and random copolymers offer a significant improvement over current iron oxide nanoformulations, combining straightforward synthesis, strong surface anchoring, and well-defined molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jose E Perez
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Alzate-Cardona JD, Barrero-Moreno MC, Restrepo-Parra E. Critical and compensation behavior of a mixed spin-5/2 and spin-3/2 Ising antiferromagnetic system in a core/shell nanowire. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:445801. [PMID: 28869214 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Monte Carlo simulations based on metropolis algorithm were performed to study the critical and compensation temperatures of a core-shell nanowire with spins [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, considering an Ising antiferromagnetic system. The influence of nearest neighbors exchange interactions and crystal field anisotropy on the critical and compensation behaviors of the system has been analyzed. The effects of the nanowire height in the critical and compensation temperatures were evaluated. The results show that, for a system with given values of exchange interaction constants and crystal field anisotropy, a compensation point only appears if two requirements are satisfied. First, the weight of the core magnetization in the total magnetization must be greater than the weight of the shell magnetization at zero temperature. And second, the exchange constant of shell ions must be greater than a certain value. This value is, at the same time, greater than the exchange constant of core ions. The critical and compensation temperatures are very sensitive to variations in the exchange constant of the shell ions and core ions, respectively, while the crystal field anisotropy affects both temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Alzate-Cardona
- Departamento de Física y Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, A.A. 127 Manizales, Colombia
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30
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Berganza E, Jaafar M, Bran C, Fernández-Roldán JA, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Vázquez M, Asenjo A. Multisegmented Nanowires: a Step towards the Control of the Domain Wall Configuration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11576. [PMID: 28912534 PMCID: PMC5599633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindrical nanowires synthesized by controlled electrodeposition constitute excellent strategic candidates to engineer magnetic domain configurations. In this work, multisegmented CoNi/Ni nanowires are synthesized for tailoring a periodic magnetic structure determined by the balance between magnetocrystalline and magnetostatic energies. High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy confirms the segmented growth and the sharp transition between layers. Although both CoNi and Ni segments have similar fcc cubic crystal symmetry, their magnetic configuration is quite different as experimentally revealed by Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) imaging. While the Ni segments are single domain with axial magnetization direction, the CoNi segments present two main configurations: a single vortex state or a complex multivortex magnetic configuration, which is further interpreted with the help of micromagnetic simulations. This original outcome is ascribed to the tight competition between anisotropies. The almost monocrystalline fcc structure of the CoNi segments, as revealed by the electron diffraction patterns, which is atypical for its composition, contributes to balance the magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropies. The results of MFM measurements performed under in-plane magnetic field demonstrate that it is possible to switch from the multivortex configuration to a single vortex configuration with low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berganza
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - M Jaafar
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - C Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - M Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - A Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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31
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Liu X, Zhang C, Li Y, Niemantsverdriet JW, Wagner JB, Hansen TW. Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM) Studies of Single Iron Nanoparticle Carburization in Synthesis Gas. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Center
for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Yongwang Li
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - J. W. Niemantsverdriet
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
- SynCat@DIFFER, Syngaschem BV, PO Box
6336, 5600 HH, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Center
for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas W. Hansen
- Center
for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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32
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Ivanov YP, Chuvilin A, Lopatin S, Mohammed H, Kosel J. Direct Observation of Current-Induced Motion of a 3D Vortex Domain Wall in Cylindrical Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16741-16744. [PMID: 28481499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current-induced dynamics of 3D magnetic vortex domain walls in cylindrical Co/Ni nanowires are revealed experimentally using Lorentz microscopy and theoretically using micromagnetic simulations. We demonstrate that a spin-polarized electric current can control the reversible motion of 3D vortex domain walls, which travel with a velocity of a few hundred meters per second. This finding is a key step in establishing fast, high-density memory devices based on vertical arrays of cylindrical magnetic nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii P Ivanov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Jahnstrasse 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University , 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Avenida de Tolosa 76, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mohammed
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jurgen Kosel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Kavaldzhiev M, Perez JE, Ivanov Y, Bertoncini A, Liberale C, Kosel J. Biocompatible 3D printed magnetic micro needles. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa5ccb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Perez JE, Ravasi T, Kosel J. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured on magnetic nanowire substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:055703. [PMID: 28029098 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa52a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been shown to respond to extracellular mechanical stimuli by regulating their fate through the activation of specific signaling pathways. In this work, an array of iron nanowires (NWs) aligned perpendicularly to the surface was fabricated by pulsed electrodepositon in porous alumina templates followed by a partial removal of the alumina to reveal 2-3 μm of the NWs. This resulted in alumina substrates with densely arranged NWs of 33 nm in diameter separated by 100 nm. The substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive x-ray analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. The NW array was then used as a platform for the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The cells were stained for the cell nucleus and actin filaments, as well as immuno-stained for the focal adhesion protein vinculin, and then observed by fluorescence microscopy in order to characterize their spreading behavior. Calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1 staining allowed the determination of cell viability. The interface between the cells and the NWs was studied using SEM. Results showed that hMSCs underwent a re-organization of actin filaments that translated into a change from an elongated to a spherical cell shape. Actin filaments and vinculin accumulated in bundles, suggesting the attachment and formation of focal adhesion points of the cells on the NWs. Though the overall number of cells attached on the NWs was lower compared to the control, the attached cells maintained a high viability (>90%) for up to 6 d. Analysis of the interface between the NWs and the cells confirmed the re-organization of F-actin and revealed the adhesion points of the cells on the NWs. Additionally, a net of filopodia surrounded each cell, suggesting the probing of the array to find additional adhesion points. The cells maintained their round shape for up to 6 d of culture. Overall, the NW array is a promising nanostructured platform for studying and influencing hMSCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Perez
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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35
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Rodríguez LA, Bran C, Reyes D, Berganza E, Vázquez M, Gatel C, Snoeck E, Asenjo A. Quantitative Nanoscale Magnetic Study of Isolated Diameter-Modulated FeCoCu Nanowires. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9669-9678. [PMID: 27680403 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The comprehension of the magnetic configuration in FeCoCu nanowires with a diameter-modulated cylindrical geometry will allow controlling the domain wall motion in this low-dimensional system under the application of magnetic fields and/or the injection of current pulses. Here we perform a quantitative magnetic characterization of isolated diameter-modulated FeCoCu nanowires by combining nanoscale magnetic characterization techniques such as electron holography, magnetic force microscopy, and micromagnetic simulations. Local reconstructions of the magnetic distribution show the diameter-modulated geometry of the wires induces the formation of vortex-like structures and magnetic charges in the regions where the diameter is varied. Vortex-like structures modify the axial alignment of the magnetization in large-diameter segments. Moreover, the magnetic charges control the demagnetizing field distribution, promoting a flux-closure stray field configuration around large-diameter segments and keeping the demagnetizing field parallel to the NW's magnetization around small diameter segments. The detailed description of the remanent state in diameter-modulated cylindrical FeCoCu nanowires allows us to provide a clear explanation of the origin of bright and dark contrast observed in magnetic force microscopy images, which have the same feature of magnetic domain walls. This work establishes the primary knowledge required for future magnetization reversal studies with the aim of searching efficient modulated geometries that allow an optimum and controlled domain wall propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - David Reyes
- CEMES-CNRS 29 , rue Jeanne Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Eider Berganza
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Christophe Gatel
- CEMES-CNRS 29 , rue Jeanne Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Snoeck
- CEMES-CNRS 29 , rue Jeanne Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049 Spain
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36
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Martínez-Banderas AI, Aires A, Teran FJ, Perez JE, Cadenas JF, Alsharif N, Ravasi T, Cortajarena AL, Kosel J. Functionalized magnetic nanowires for chemical and magneto-mechanical induction of cancer cell death. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35786. [PMID: 27775082 PMCID: PMC5075884 DOI: 10.1038/srep35786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploiting and combining different properties of nanomaterials is considered a potential route for next generation cancer therapies. Magnetic nanowires (NWs) have shown good biocompatibility and a high level of cellular internalization. We induced cancer cell death by combining the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin (DOX)-functionalized iron NWs with the mechanical disturbance under a low frequency alternating magnetic field. (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were separately used for coating NWs allowing further functionalization with DOX. Internalization was assessed for both formulations by confocal reflection microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. From confocal analysis, BSA formulations demonstrated higher internalization and less agglomeration. The functionalized NWs generated a comparable cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells in a DOX concentration-dependent manner, (~60% at the highest concentration tested) that was significantly different from the effect produced by free DOX and non-functionalized NWs formulations. A synergistic cytotoxic effect is obtained when a magnetic field (1 mT, 10 Hz) is applied to cells treated with DOX-functionalized BSA or APTES-coated NWs, (~70% at the highest concentration). In summary, a bimodal method for cancer cell destruction was developed by the conjugation of the magneto-mechanical properties of iron NWs with the effect of DOX producing better results than the individual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Isaac Martínez-Banderas
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Aires
- IMDEA Nanociencia and Nanobiotechnology Unit associated to Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Teran
- IMDEA Nanociencia and Nanobiotechnology Unit associated to Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jose Efrain Perez
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jael F. Cadenas
- IMDEA Nanociencia and Nanobiotechnology Unit associated to Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nouf Alsharif
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- IMDEA Nanociencia and Nanobiotechnology Unit associated to Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Mª Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Alfadhel A, Khan MA, Cardoso S, Leitao D, Kosel J. A Magnetoresistive Tactile Sensor for Harsh Environment Applications. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16050650. [PMID: 27164113 PMCID: PMC4883341 DOI: 10.3390/s16050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A magnetoresistive tactile sensor is reported, which is capable of working in high temperatures up to 140 °C. Hair-like bioinspired structures, known as cilia, made out of permanent magnetic nanocomposite material on top of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors are used for tactile sensing at high temperatures. The magnetic nanocomposite, consisting of iron nanowires incorporated into the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is very flexible, biocompatible, has high remanence, and is also resilient to antagonistic sensing ambient. When the cilia come in contact with a surface, they deflect in compliance with the surface topology. This yields a change of the GMR sensor signal, enabling the detection of extremely fine features. The spin-valve is covered with a passivation layer, which enables adequate performance in spite of harsh environmental conditions, as demonstrated in this paper for high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alfadhel
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Asadullah Khan
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
- Instituto Superior Técnico IST, Physics Department, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
| | - Diana Leitao
- INESC-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
- Instituto Superior Técnico IST, Physics Department, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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38
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Shore D, Pailloux SL, Zhang J, Gage T, Flannigan DJ, Garwood M, Pierre VC, Stadler BJH. Electrodeposited Fe and Fe–Au nanowires as MRI contrast agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12634-12637. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T
2-Weighted images (9.4 T, 25 °C) of electrodeposited Fe and Fe–Au nanowires, various concentrations, coated with PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shore
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Radiology-CMRR
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Thomas Gage
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - David J. Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Department of Radiology-CMRR
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
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39
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Mondal K, Sharma A. Recent advances in the synthesis and application of photocatalytic metal–metal oxide core–shell nanoparticles for environmental remediation and their recycling process. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal–metal oxide core–shell nanoparticles have received enormous research attention owing to their fascinating physicochemical properties and extensive applications. In this review we have discussed the challenges and recent advances in their synthesis and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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