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Skoug C, Erdogan H, Vanherle L, Vieira JPP, Matthes F, Eliasson L, Meissner A, Duarte JMN. Density of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors Is Altered in Cortical Nerve-Terminals of Insulin-Resistant Goto-Kakizaki Rats and Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:338-347. [PMID: 37794263 PMCID: PMC10787890 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a phosphosphingolipid with pleiotropic biological functions. S1P acts as an intracellular second messenger, as well as extracellular ligand to five G-protein coupled receptors (S1PR1-5). In the brain, S1P regulates neuronal proliferation, apoptosis, synaptic activity and neuroglia activation. Moreover, S1P metabolism alterations have been reported in neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously reported that S1PRs are present in nerve terminals, exhibiting distinct sub-synaptic localization and neuromodulation actions. Since type 2 diabetes (T2D) causes synaptic dysfunction, we hypothesized that S1P signaling is modified in nerve terminals. In this study, we determined the density of S1PRs in cortical synaptosomes from insulin-resistant Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and Wistar controls, and from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-fat-fed controls. Relative to their controls, GK rats showed similar cortical S1P concentration despite higher S1P levels in plasma, yet lower density of S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR4 in nerve-terminal-enriched membranes. HFD-fed mice exhibited increased plasma and cortical concentrations of S1P, and decreased density of S1PR1 and S1PR4. These findings point towards altered S1P signaling in synapses of insulin resistance and diet-induced obesity models, suggesting a role of S1P signaling in T2D-associated synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Skoug
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hüseyin Erdogan
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotte Vanherle
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João P P Vieira
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Matthes
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Lam BWS, Xiang P, Peng B, Soon LJJ, Yam ATY, Lim CMH, Zheng Y, Nguyen LN, Herr DR, Le MTN. Activation of S1P 2 is protective against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13549. [PMID: 37727014 PMCID: PMC10849780 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Ling Jun Joshua Soon
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Amelia Ting Yu Yam
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Claudine Ming Hui Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Long N. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Research (CVD) Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Translational Neuroscience InitiativeSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Minh T. N. Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Ionescu CM, Jones MA, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Foster T, Mikov M, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Bile Acid Application in Cell-Targeting for Molecular Receptors in Relation to Hearing: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:158-170. [PMID: 38192136 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501278292231223035733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects. The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels, important proteins in the inner ear system. Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile acids to the inner ear tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa A Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susbin R Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Chayaburakul K, Ong WY, Herr DR, Kobutree P, Chantra K. Differences in the ultrastructure of neurons in the spinal ganglion and dorsal rootlet between rats treated with cisplatin only versus co-administration with a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 agonist in attenuating neuropathy and allodynia. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:476-489. [PMID: 37483146 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent for many types of cancer. The neurotoxicity of cisplatin includes neuropathy and allodynia. We aimed to study structural changes by using CYM54-78, attenuating cisplatin-induced neuropathy and blocking the pathogenesis in neurons, and promoting axonal regeneration. METHODS TEM (transmission electron microscopy) was used to distinguish ultrastructural changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and dorsal rootlets (DR) between rats treated with cisplatin alone and rats co-treated with cisplatin and sphingosine -1-phosphate receptor2 (S1P2) agonist, CYM-5478. RESULTS In DRG of rats treated with cisplatin alone, TEM micrographs showed necrosis and apoptotic cells. Neuronal cytoplasm showed numerous vacuole (stage C) and swelling (stage B➔C) mitochondrial degeneration. Neurons in DRG from cisplatin+CYM-5478 group showed a higher percentage of healthy mitochondria (from 5.3% to 75.6%) than those treated with cisplatin alone. DR of cisplatin only group showed abnormal axoplasm, axolemma, and focal detached myelin sheaths, especially in Aδ (fast pain) and Aβ (touch) fibers, and revealed collateral branches that sprouted from Aβ fibers, which is characteristic of allodynia. Moreover, vasoconstriction was observed in DRG and DR. Rats in cisplatin+CYM-5478 group showed not only fewer abnormal structures than those in cisplatin only group, but also showed Bands of Büngner and onion bulb-like structures, which are characteristic of nerve regeneration. INTERPRETATION Together with our previous study, showed that CYM-5478 attenuated neuropathy and allodynia in a rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy, these results suggest S1P2 agonists as a potential approach the for treatment of cancer due to the reduction of side effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phetnarin Kobutree
- Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Meung, Pathum Tani, Thailand
| | - Kraisri Chantra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wongviriya A, Shelton RM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Landini G. The relationship between sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor in migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:65. [PMID: 37038210 PMCID: PMC10088162 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator and its binding to the S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) is reported to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce migration and invasion in tumour cells. Since binding of S1P to S1PR2 and EGF to the EGF receptors exhibit some overlapping functionality, this study aimed to determine whether S1PR2 was involved in EGF-induced migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lines and to identify any potential crosstalk between the two pathways. Migration was investigated using the scratch wound assay while invasion was studied using the transwell invasion and multicellular tumour spheroid (MCTS) assays. Activity of Rac1, a RhoGTPase, was measured using G-LISA (small GTPase activation assays) while S1P production was indirectly measured via the expression of sphingosine kinase (Sphk). S1PR2 inhibition with 10 µM JTE013 reduced EGF-induced migration, invasion and Rac1 activity, however, stimulation of S1PR2 with 10 µM CYM5478 did not enhance the effect of EGF on migration, invasion or Rac1 activity. The data demonstrated a crosstalk between EGF/EGFR and S1P/S1PR2 pathways at the metabolic level. S1PR2 was not involved in EGF production, but EGF promoted S1P production through the upregulation of Sphk1. In conclusion, OSCC lines could not migrate and invade without S1PR2 regulation, even with EGF stimulation. EGF also activated S1PR2 by stimulating S1P production via Sphk1. The potential for S1PR2 to control cellular motility may lead to promising treatments for OSCC patients and potentially prevent or reduce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjabhak Wongviriya
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard M Shelton
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Ma X, Guo J, Fu Y, Shen C, Jiang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Fan J, Chai R. G protein-coupled receptors in cochlea: Potential therapeutic targets for hearing loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028125. [PMID: 36311029 PMCID: PMC9596917 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hearing loss-related diseases caused by different factors is increasing worldwide year by year. Currently, however, the patient’s hearing loss has not been effectively improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt new treatment measures and treatment techniques to help improve the therapeutic effect of hearing loss. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as crucial cell surface receptors, can widely participate in different physiological and pathological processes, particularly play an essential role in many disease occurrences and be served as promising therapeutic targets. However, no specific drugs on the market have been found to target the GPCRs of the cochlea. Interestingly, many recent studies have demonstrated that GPCRs can participate in various pathogenic process related to hearing loss in the cochlea including heredity, noise, ototoxic drugs, cochlear structure, and so on. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of 53 GPCRs known in the cochlea and their relationships with hearing loss, and highlight the recent advances of new techniques used in cochlear study including cryo-EM, AI, GPCR drug screening, gene therapy vectors, and CRISPR editing technology, as well as discuss in depth the future direction of novel GPCR-based drug development and gene therapy for cochlear hearing loss. Collectively, this review is to facilitate basic and (pre-) clinical research in this area, and provide beneficial help for emerging GPCR-based cochlear therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
- *Correspondence: Yafeng Yu,
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Jiangang Fan,
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Renjie Chai,
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Yan J, Chen Y, Wu Q, Shao L, Zhou X. Expression of sphingosine‑1‑phosphate receptor 2 is correlated with migration and invasion of human colon cancer cells: A preliminary clinical study. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:241. [PMID: 35720474 PMCID: PMC9185157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive phospholipid that serves as a potent mediator of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding to S1P receptors (S1PRs). S1P signalling is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous types of disease, including cancer. To the best of our knowledge, however, little is known about the expression patterns of S1PRs and their role in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and invasion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of S1P signalling in the metastasis of colon cancer cells and the expression of S1PRs in patients with CRC. The protein and mRNA expression levels of S1PRs and sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) in 55 patients with CRC were detected by western blotting (WB), immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The levels of S1P in serum from patients and healthy individuals were quantified by ELISA. S1PRs antagonists JTE013, FTY720 and S1PR2-small interfering (si)RNA were used to determine the role of S1PR2 in human CRC LOVO and SW480 cell lines. Migration and invasion assays were performed for functional analysis. The levels of S1P in serum were significantly increased in patients with CRC compared with healthy individuals. The relative mRNA expression levels of S1PR2 were significantly downregulated in tumour compared with normal tissue, whereas S1PR1 and SPHK1 were upregulated. WB showed that 58% (32/55 cases) of patients presented downregulated S1PR2 protein expression. IHC analysis indicated that expression of S1PR2 was lower in tumour than in normal tissue in 65.5% (36/55 cases) of patients. Exogenous addition of S1P promoted migration and invasion in the different cell types. S1P stimulated the migration and invasion of SW480 cells. The inhibition of S1PR2 by JTE013 or S1PR2-siRNA significantly promoted the migration and invasion of SW480 cells, while FTY720 reversed these effects. The present study indicated that expression levels of S1PRs, particularly S1PR2, were associated with migration and invasion of CRC cells. The present findings revealed a novel mechanism by which S1P inhibited tumour cell migration and invasion via a S1PR2-dependent pathway, suggesting that S1PR2 may be a therapeutic target for treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Taipa, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Le Shao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xiqiao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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McGinley MP, Cohen JA. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis and other conditions. Lancet 2021; 398:1184-1194. [PMID: 34175020 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling pathways have important and diverse functions. S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been proposed as a therapeutic target for various diseases due to their involvement in regulation of lymphocyte trafficking, brain and cardiac function, vascular permeability, and vascular and bronchial tone. S1PR modulators were first developed to prevent rejection by the immune system following renal transplantation, but the only currently approved indication is multiple sclerosis. The primary mechanism of action of S1PR modulators in multiple sclerosis is through binding S1PR subtype 1 on lymphocytes resulting in internalisation of the receptor and loss of responsiveness to the S1P gradient that drives lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes. The reduction in circulating lymphocytes presumably limits inflammatory cell migration into the CNS. Four S1PR modulators (fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod, and ponesimod) have regulatory approval for multiple sclerosis. Preclinical evidence and ongoing and completed clinical trials support development of S1PR modulators for other therapeutic indications.
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Adipose Tissue Immunometabolism and Apoptotic Cell Clearance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092288. [PMID: 34571937 PMCID: PMC8470283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The safe removal of apoptotic debris by macrophages—often referred to as efferocytosis—is crucial for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing self-immunity or tissue damaging inflammation. Macrophages clear tissues of hazardous materials from dying cells and ultimately adopt a pro-resolving activation state. However, adipocyte apoptosis is an inflammation-generating process, and the removal of apoptotic adipocytes by so-called adipose tissue macrophages triggers a sequence of events that lead to meta-inflammation and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Signals that allow apoptotic cells to control macrophage immune functions are complex and involve metabolites released by the apoptotic cells and also metabolites produced by the macrophages during the digestion of apoptotic cell contents. This review provides a concise summary of the adipocyte-derived metabolites that potentially control adipose tissue macrophage immune functions and, hence, may induce or alleviate adipose tissue inflammation.
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Igawa S, Ohzono A, Pham P, Wang Z, Nakatsuji T, Dokoshi T, Di Nardo A. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Is Central to Maintaining Epidermal Barrier Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1188-1197.e5. [PMID: 33197483 PMCID: PMC9801230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outer layer of the epidermis composes the skin barrier, a sophisticated filter constituted by layers of corneocytes in a lipid matrix. The matrix lipids, especially the ceramide-generated sphingosine 1-phosphate, are the messengers that the skin barrier uses to communicate with the basal layer of the epidermis where replicating keratinocytes are located. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator involved in various cellular functions through S1PR1‒5, expressed by keratinocytes. We discovered that the S1pr2 absence is linked to an impairment in the skin barrier function. Although S1pr2-/- mouse skin has no difference in its phenotype and barrier function compared with that of wild-type mouse, after tape stripping, S1pr2-/- mouse showed significantly higher transepidermal water loss and required another 24 hours to normalize their transepidermal water loss levels. Moreover, after epicutaneous Staphylococcus aureus application, impaired S1pr2-/- mouse epidermal barrier function allowed deeper bacterial penetration and denser neutrophil infiltration in the dermis. Microarray and RNA sequence of S1pr2-/- mouse epidermis linked the barrier dysfunction with a decrease in FLG2 and tight junction components. In conclusion, S1pr2-/- mice have compromised skin barrier function and increased bacteria permeability, making them a suitable model for diseases that present similar characteristics, such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Igawa
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA,Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohzono
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Phoebe Pham
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Anna Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA,Corresponding author: Anna Di Nardo, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0869, La Jolla, CA 92093, Tel: 858-822-6712, Fax: 858-822-6985,
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11
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Xiang P, Chew WS, Seow WL, Lam BWS, Ong WY, Herr DR. The S1P 2 receptor regulates blood-brain barrier integrity and leukocyte extravasation with implications for neurodegenerative disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105018. [PMID: 33727061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid which modulates vascular integrity through its receptors, S1P1-S1P5. Notably, S1P2 has been shown to mediate the disruption of cerebrovascular integrity in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the role of S1P2 in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated systemic inflammation and found that BBB disruption and neutrophil infiltration were significantly attenuated in S1pr2-/- mice relative to S1pr2+/- littermates. This is concomitant with attenuation of LPS-induced transcriptional activation of IL-6 and downregulation of occludin. Furthermore, S1pr2-/- mice had significantly reduced expression of genes essential for neutrophil infiltration: Sele, Cxcl1, and Cxcl2. Conversely, pharmacological agonism of S1P2 induced transcriptional activation of E-selectin in vitro and in vivo. Although S1P2 does not appear to be required for activation of microglia, stimulation of microglial cells with the S1P2 potentiated the response of endothelial cells to LPS. These results demonstrate that S1P2 promotes LPS-induced neutrophil extravasation by inducing expression of endothelial adhesion molecule gene, Sele, and potentiating microglial inflammation of endothelial cells. It is likely that S1P2 is a mediator of cerebrovascular inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease such as vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Lun Seow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, 90755, USA.
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12
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Arsenault EJ, McGill CM, Barth BM. Sphingolipids as Regulators of Neuro-Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase 2. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:25-46. [PMID: 33547562 PMCID: PMC9020407 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation accompanies numerous neurological disorders and conditions where it can be associated with a progressive neurodegenerative pathology. In a similar manner, alterations in sphingolipid metabolism often accompany or are causative features in degenerative neurological conditions. These include dementias, motor disorders, autoimmune conditions, inherited metabolic disorders, viral infection, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, psychiatric conditions, and more. Sphingolipids are major regulators of cellular fate and function in addition to being important structural components of membranes. Their metabolism and signaling pathways can also be regulated by inflammatory mediators. Therefore, as certain sphingolipids exert distinct and opposing cellular roles, alterations in their metabolism can have major consequences. Recently, regulation of bioactive sphingolipids by neuro-inflammatory mediators has been shown to activate a neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) that can provoke damaging oxidation. Therefore, the sphingolipid-regulated neuronal NOX2 serves as a mechanistic link between neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutics directed at sphingolipid metabolism or the sphingolipid-regulated NOX2 have the potential to alleviate neurodegeneration arising out of neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Arsenault
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Colin M McGill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Brian M Barth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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13
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Chua XY, Ho LTY, Xiang P, Chew WS, Lam BWS, Chen CP, Ong WY, Lai MKP, Herr DR. Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Involvement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:47-67. [PMID: 33180310 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphates (S1Ps) are bioactive lipids that mediate a diverse range of effects through the activation of cognate receptors, S1P1-S1P5. Scrutiny of S1P-regulated pathways over the past three decades has identified important and occasionally counteracting functions in the brain and cerebrovascular system. For example, while S1P1 and S1P3 mediate proinflammatory effects on glial cells and directly promote endothelial cell barrier integrity, S1P2 is anti-inflammatory but disrupts barrier integrity. Cumulatively, there is significant preclinical evidence implicating critical roles for this pathway in regulating processes that drive cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia, both being part of the continuum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This is supported by clinical studies that have identified correlations between alterations of S1P and cognitive deficits. We review studies which proposed and evaluated potential mechanisms by which such alterations contribute to pathological S1P signaling that leads to VCI-associated chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Notably, S1P receptors have divergent but overlapping expression patterns and demonstrate complex interactions. Therefore, the net effect produced by S1P represents the cumulative contributions of S1P receptors acting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the neural, vascular, and immune cells of the brain. Ultimately, an optimized therapeutic strategy that targets S1P signaling will have to consider these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leona T Y Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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14
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McGowan EM, Haddadi N, Nassif NT, Lin Y. Targeting the SphK-S1P-SIPR Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197189. [PMID: 33003377 PMCID: PMC7583882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is currently experiencing the worst health pandemic since the Spanish flu in 1918-the COVID-19 pandemic-caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic is the world's third wake-up call this century. In 2003 and 2012, the world experienced two major coronavirus outbreaks, SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), causing major respiratory tract infections. At present, there is neither a vaccine nor a cure for COVID-19. The severe COVID-19 symptoms of hyperinflammation, catastrophic damage to the vascular endothelium, thrombotic complications, septic shock, brain damage, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and acute neurological and psychiatric complications are unprecedented. Many COVID-19 deaths result from the aftermath of hyperinflammatory complications, also referred to as the "cytokine storm syndrome", endotheliitus and blood clotting, all with the potential to cause multiorgan dysfunction. The sphingolipid rheostat plays integral roles in viral replication, activation/modulation of the immune response, and importantly in maintaining vasculature integrity, with sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) and its cognate receptors (SIPRs: G-protein-coupled receptors) being key factors in vascular protection against endotheliitus. Hence, modulation of sphingosine kinase (SphK), S1P, and the S1P receptor pathway may provide significant beneficial effects towards counteracting the life-threatening, acute, and chronic complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease, prospective vaccines, and current treatments. We then discuss the evidence supporting the targeting of SphK/S1P and S1P receptors in the repertoire of COVID-19 therapies to control viral replication and alleviate the known and emerging acute and chronic symptoms of COVID-19. Three clinical trials using FDA-approved sphingolipid-based drugs being repurposed and evaluated to help in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M McGowan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-405814048
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
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15
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Matsumoto N, Yamashita T, Shang J, Feng T, Osakada Y, Sasaki R, Tadokoro K, Nomura E, Tsunoda K, Omote Y, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Ohta Y, Abe K. Up-regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and sphingosine kinase 1 in the peri-ischemic area after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Fang H, Feng Q, Shi Y, Zhou J, Wang Q, Zhong L. Hepatic insulin resistance induced by mitochondrial oxidative stress can be ameliorated by sphingosine 1-phosphate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110660. [PMID: 31759099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is considered to be involved in the development of insulin resistance (IR) via effects on oxidative stress; the mechanism however is not yet fully revealed. To this end, we investigated the role and mechanism of S1P on hepatic IR. We found that treatment of the normal human liver cell LO2 with 1000 nM insulin for 48 h reduced glucose uptake and increased serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, indicating a reduction in insulin receptor signaling. Moreover, the same concentration of insulin caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytosol and mitochondria, and enhanced expression of the antioxidant transcription factor (Nrf2) and upregulated Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Using known inhibitors and donors of ROS (H2O2, ·O2-, ·OH), the results demonstrated the differential roles for the specific ROS in regulating IR in LO2 cells, with H2O2 having a more significant inhibitory role compared with ·O2- and ·OH. Cell treatment with S1P at 0.1-5.0 μM reversed the effects of high insulin concentrations on ROS generation, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling. H2O2 also reversed the beneficial effects of S1P in alleviating IR. These results show that H2O2 signaling plays a key determinant in hepatic IR induced by insulin. S1P can ameliorate hepatic IR by reducing mitochondrial ROS generation, and the possible anti-IR effect mechanism may be involved in H2O2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunxiang Shi
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Liyong Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
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17
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Induces Otoprotective Responses to Cisplatin Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010211. [PMID: 31952197 PMCID: PMC7016659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ototoxicity is a major adverse effect of platinum-based chemotherapeutics and currently, there remains a lack of United States Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies to prevent or treat this problem. In our study, we examined the role of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) in attenuating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in several different animal models and cell lines. We found that ototoxicity in S1P2 knockout mice is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and that S1P2 receptor activation with a specific agonist, CYM-5478, significantly attenuates cisplatin-induced defects, including hair cell degeneration in zebrafish and prolonged auditory brainstem response latency in rats. We also evaluated the cytoprotective effect of CYM-5478 across different cell lines and showed that CYM-5478 protects neural-derived cell lines but not breast cancer cells against cisplatin toxicity. We show that this selective protection of CYM-5478 is due to its differential effects on key regulators of apoptosis between neural cells and breast cancer cells. Overall, our study suggests that targeting the S1P2 receptor represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in cancer patients.
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18
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Herr DR, Yam TYA, Tan WSD, Koh SS, Wong WSF, Ong WY, Chayaburakul K. Ultrastructural Characteristics of DHA-Induced Pyroptosis. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:293-303. [PMID: 31902115 PMCID: PMC7230060 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that respond to bioactive lipids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low micromolar concentrations of DHA typically promote anti-inflammatory functions of microglia, but higher concentrations result in a form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death known as pyroptosis. This study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the morphological characteristics of pyroptosis in BV-2 microglial cells following exposure to 200 µM DHA. Vehicle-treated cells are characterized by extended processes, spine-like projections or 0.4 to 5.2 µm in length, and numerous extracellular vesicles (EVs) tethered to the surface of the plasma membrane. In contrast to vehicle-treated cells, gross abnormalities are observed after treating cells with 200 µM DHA for 4 h. These include the appearance of numerous pits or pores of varying sizes across the cell surface, structural collapse and flattening of the cell shape. Moreover, EVs and spines were lost following DHA treatment, possibly due to release from the cell surface. The membrane pores appear after DHA treatment initially measured ~ 30 nm, consistent with the previously reported gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore complexes. Complete collapse of cytoplasmic organization and loss of nuclear envelope integrity were also observed in DHA-treated cells. These processes are morphologically distinct from the changes that occur during cisplatin-induced apoptosis, such as the appearance of apoptotic bodies and tightly packed organelles, and the maintenance of EVs and nuclear envelope integrity. Cumulatively, this study provides a systematic description of the ultrastructural characteristics of DHA-induced pyroptosis, including distinguishing features that differentiate this process from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - Ting Yu Amelia Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wan Shun Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wai Shiu Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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19
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Activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Wang W, Xiang P, Chew WS, Torta F, Bandla A, Lopez V, Seow WL, Lam BWS, Chang JK, Wong P, Chayaburakul K, Ong WY, Wenk MR, Sundar R, Herr DR. Activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1143-1152. [PMID: 31882542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based therapeutics are used to manage many forms of cancer, but frequently result in peripheral neuropathy. Currently, the only option available to attenuate chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is to limit or discontinue this treatment. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid-based signaling molecule involved in neuroinflammatory processes by interacting with its five cognate receptors: S1P1-5 In this study, using a combination of drug pharmacodynamic analysis in human study participants, disease modeling in rodents, and cell-based assays, we examined whether S1P signaling may represent a potential target in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. To this end, we first investigated the effects of platinum-based drugs on plasma S1P levels in human cancer patients. Our analysis revealed that oxaliplatin treatment specifically increases one S1P species, d16:1 S1P, in these patients. Although d16:1 S1P is an S1P2 agonist, it has lower potency than the most abundant S1P species (d18:1 S1P). Therefore, as d16:1 S1P concentration increases, it is likely to disproportionately activate proinflammatory S1P1 signaling, shifting the balance away from S1P2 We further show that a selective S1P2 agonist, CYM-5478, reduces allodynia in a rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy and attenuates the associated inflammatory processes in the dorsal root ganglia, likely by activating stress-response proteins, including ATF3 and HO-1. Cumulatively, the findings of our study suggest that the development of a specific S1P2 agonist may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the management of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Aishwarya Bandla
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Violeta Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Wei Lun Seow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Jing Kai Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Neuroscience Phenotyping Core, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | | | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Raghav Sundar
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077 .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228 .,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
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21
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Abstract
As basic research into GPCR signaling and its association with disease has come into fruition, greater clarity has emerged with regards to how these receptors may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. As a diverse group of receptor proteins, which regulate a variety of intracellular signaling pathways, research in this area has been slow to yield tangible therapeutic agents for the treatment of a number of diseases including cancer. However, recently such research has gained momentum based on a series of studies that have sought to define GPCR proteins dynamics through the elucidation of their crystal structures. In this chapter, we define the approaches that have been adopted in developing better therapeutics directed against the specific parts of the receptor proteins, such as the extracellular and the intracellular domains, including the ligands and auxiliary proteins that bind them. Finally, we also briefly outline how GPCR-derived signaling transduction pathways hold great potential as additional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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22
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Tran C, Heng B, Teo JD, Humphrey SJ, Qi Y, Couttas TA, Stefen H, Brettle M, Fath T, Guillemin GJ, Don AS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate but not Fingolimod protects neurons against excitotoxic cell death by inducing neurotrophic gene expression in astrocytes. J Neurochem 2019; 153:173-188. [PMID: 31742704 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an essential lipid metabolite that signals through a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1-S1PR5, to regulate cell physiology. The multiple sclerosis drug Fingolimod (FTY720) is a potent S1P receptor agonist that causes peripheral lymphopenia. Recent research has demonstrated direct neuroprotective properties of FTY720 in several neurodegenerative paradigms; however, neuroprotective properties of the native ligand S1P have not been established. We aimed to establish the significance of neurotrophic factor up-regulation by S1P for neuroprotection, comparing S1P with FTY720. S1P induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) gene expression in primary human and murine astrocytes, but not in neurons, and to a much greater extent than FTY720. Accordingly, S1P but not FTY720 protected cultured neurons against excitotoxic cell death in a primary murine neuron-glia coculture model, and a neutralizing antibody to LIF blocked this S1P-mediated neuroprotection. Antagonists of S1PR1 and S1PR2 both inhibited S1P-mediated neurotrophic gene induction in human astrocytes, indicating that simultaneous activation of both receptors is required. S1PR2 signaling was transduced through Gα13 and the small GTPase Rho, and was necessary for the up-regulation and activation of the transcription factors FOS and JUN, which regulate LIF, BDNF, and HBEGF transcription. In summary, we show that S1P protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic cell death through up-regulation of neurotrophic gene expression, particularly LIF, in astrocytes. This up-regulation requires both S1PR1 and S1PR2 signaling. FTY720 does not activate S1PR2, explaining its relative inefficacy compared to S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Tran
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- MND Research Centre, Neuroinflammation group, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Teo
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND Research Centre, Neuroinflammation group, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Wang P, Yuan Y, Lin W, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X. Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31807117 PMCID: PMC6857321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent pleiotropic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in numerous cellular processes, including angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is formed by one of two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. These enzymes largely exert their various biological and pathophysiological actions through one of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), with receptor activation setting in motion various signaling cascades. Considerable evidence has been accumulated on S1P signaling and its pathogenic roles in diseases, as well as on novel modulators of S1P signaling, such as SphK inhibitors and S1P agonists and antagonists. S1P and ceramide, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, are reciprocal cell fate regulators, and S1P signaling plays essential roles in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, targeting of S1P signaling may be one way to block the pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in these conditions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates a role for the S1P signaling pathway in the progression of cancer and its effects. In the present review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of S1P and its related proteins in cancer progression. Also described is the therapeutic potential of S1P receptors and their downstream signaling cascades as targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,2Research and Academic Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning China
| | - Wenda Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ke Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xun Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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Li Y, Li H, Han J. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 modulates pain sensitivity by suppressing the ROS-RUNX3 pathway in a rat model of neuropathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3864-3873. [PMID: 31603252 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain correlates with a lesion or other dysfunction in the nervous system. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) is expressed in the central nervous system and modulates synaptic plasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S1P2 in neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into eight groups (n = 15 for each group): sham, CCI, CCI + green fluorescent protein, CCI + S1P2, CCI + Ctrl-short hairpin RNA (shRNA), CCI + S1P2 shRNA, CCI + S1P2 + CYM-5442, and CCI + S1P2 shRNA + CYM-5442. The CCI model was established via sciatic nerve ligation. S1P2 was overexpressed or knocked down by intrathecal injection of adeno-associated virus-S1P2 (AAV-S1P2) or AAV-S1P2 shRNA. The S1P1 agonist, CYM-5442 (1 mg/kg), was injected intraperitoneally after surgery. S1P2 expression, pain thresholds, apoptosis signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats were then examined. We found that sciatic nerve injury downregulated S1P2 expression in the spinal cords of rats. S1P2 overexpression enhanced pain thresholds. In contrast, S1P2 knockdown decreased pain thresholds in rats exposed to CCI. CCI and S1P2 silencing increased secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and CCL2, whereas S1P2 overexpression decreased. S1P2 impeded CCI-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and runt-related transcription factors 3 (RUNX3) downregulation, and S1P2 knockdown had the opposite effect. S1P2 overexpression suppressed Bax and active caspase 3 expression and promoted Bcl-2 expression, whereas loss of S1P2 reversed their expression. Additionally, S1P1 activation counteracted the effect of S1P2 on pain sensitivity. In conclusion, S1P2 is downregulated in CCI rats and may help modulate neuropathic pain via the ROS/RUNX3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Huanli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jinsong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
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25
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Park KM, Wang JW, Yoo YM, Choi MJ, Hwang KC, Jeung EB, Jeong YW, Hwang WS. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) analog phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (P1P) improves the in vitro maturation efficiency of porcine oocytes via regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1705-1719. [PMID: 31490595 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (P1P) is a signaling sphingolipid that regulates various physiological activities. However, little is known about the effect of P1P in the context of reproduction. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of P1P on oocyte maturation during porcine in vitro maturation (IVM). Here, we report the expression of S1PR1-3 among P1P receptors (S1PR1-4) in cumulus cells and oocytes. When P1P was administered at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 1,000 nM during IVM, the metaphase II rate was significantly increased in the 1,000 nM (1 μM) P1P treatment group. Maturation rate improvement by P1P supplementation was observed only in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Oocytes under the influence of P1P showed decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels but no significant differences in glutathione levels. In our molecular studies, P1P treatment upregulated gene expression involved in cumulus expansion (Has2 and EGF), antioxidant enzymes (SOD3 and Cat), and developmental competence (Oct4) while activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and Akt signaling. P1P treatment also influenced oocyte survival by shifting the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax while inactivating JNK signaling. We further demonstrated that oocytes matured with P1P displayed significantly higher developmental competence (cleavage and blastocyst [BL] formation rate) and greater BL quality (total cell number and the ratio of apoptotic cells) when activated via parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization. Despite the low levels of endogenous P1P found in animals, exogenous P1P influenced animal reproduction, as shown by increased porcine oocyte maturation as well as preimplantation embryo development. This study and its findings are potentially relevant for both human and animal-assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Mi Park
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Wang
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Yoo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyu Chan Hwang
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Jeong
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Suk Hwang
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Weske S, Vaidya M, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Keul P, Manthe K, Burkhart C, Haberhauer G, Heusch G, Levkau B. Agonist-induced activation of the S1P receptor 2 constitutes a novel osteoanabolic therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis in mice. Bone 2019; 125:1-7. [PMID: 31028959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoporosis is a worldwide epidemic but pharmacological agents to stimulate new bone formation are scarce. We have shown that increasing tissue levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by blocking its degradation by the S1P lyase has pronounced osteoanabolic effect in mouse osteoporosis models by stimulating osteoblast differentiation through the S1P receptor 2 (S1P2). However, S1P lyase inhibitors have side effects complicating potential clinical use. Here, we tested whether direct S1P2 engagement by the S1P2 agonist CYM5520 exerted osteoanabolic potential in estrogen deficiency-induced osteopenia in mice. We compared its efficacy to LX2931, a novel S1P lyase inhibitor currently tested in rheumatoid arthritis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CYM5520, LX2931 or vehicle were administered to ovariectomized mice for 6 weeks beginning 5 weeks after ovariectomy, Bone mass, cellular composition and mechanical strength were assessed by microCT, histomorphometry and three point bending tests. Plasma markers of bone metabolism were analyzed by ELISA. KEY RESULTS Therapeutic treatment with CYM5520 and LX2931 clearly increased long bone and vertebral bone mass to impressive 3-5 fold over vehicle in osteopenic ovariectomized mice. As expected, lymphopenia was a side effect of LX2931, whereas none occurred with CYM5520. Consistent with an osteoanabolic effect, CYM5520 increased osteoblast number, osteoid surface and alkaline phosphatase area 2-3 fold over vehicle. Plasma concentrations of the osteoanabolic marker procollagen I C-terminal propeptide were also elevated by CYM5520 and LX2931. LX2931 but not yet CYM5520 increased cortical thickness and mechanical strength without affecting mineral density. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with a pharmacological S1P2 agonist corrected ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in mice by inducing new bone formation thus constituting a novel osteoanabolic approach to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weske
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mithila Vaidya
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Petra Keul
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Manthe
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
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Srikanth M, Chandrasaharan K, Zhao X, Chayaburakul K, Ong WY, Herr DR. Metabolism of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Induces Pyroptosis in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:504-514. [PMID: 30232677 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DHA is one of the most abundant fatty acids in the brain, largely present in stores of membrane phospholipids. It is readily released by the action of phospholipase A2 and is known to induce anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. It is not thought to contribute to proinflammatory processes in the brain. In this study, an immortalized murine microglia cell line (BV-2) was used to evaluate the effect of DHA on neuroinflammatory cells. Pretreatment of BV-2 cells with low concentrations of DHA (30 µM) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory cytokine gene expression, consistent with known anti-inflammatory effects. However, higher (but still physiologically relevant) concentrations of DHA (200 µM) induce profound cell swelling and a reduction of viability. This is accompanied by increases in the expressions of inflammatory cytokine and lipoxygenase genes, activation of caspase-1 activity, and release of IL1β, indicating that cells were undergoing a proinflammatory cell death program known as pyroptosis. This process could be attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX, Alox12e), but not by inhibition of 5-LOX or 15-LOX. Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that DHA has an anti-inflammatory effect on microglial cells, but its metabolism by 12-LOX generates one or more products that activate a proinflammatory cell death program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika Srikanth
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kalashobini Chandrasaharan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hofrichter MAH, Mojarad M, Doll J, Grimm C, Eslahi A, Hosseini NS, Rajati M, Müller T, Dittrich M, Maroofian R, Haaf T, Vona B. The conserved p.Arg108 residue in S1PR2 (DFNB68) is fundamental for proper hearing: evidence from a consanguineous Iranian family. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:81. [PMID: 29776397 PMCID: PMC5960148 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic heterogeneity and consanguineous marriages make recessive inherited hearing loss in Iran the second most common genetic disorder. Only two reported pathogenic variants (c.323G>C, p.Arg108Pro and c.419A>G, p.Tyr140Cys) in the S1PR2 gene have previously been linked to autosomal recessive hearing loss (DFNB68) in two Pakistani families. We describe a segregating novel homozygous c.323G>A, p.Arg108Gln pathogenic variant in S1PR2 that was identified in four affected individuals from a consanguineous five generation Iranian family. METHODS Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of 116 hearing loss-associated genes was performed in an affected individual from a five generation Iranian family. Segregation analysis and 3D protein modeling of the p.Arg108 exchange was performed. RESULTS The two Pakistani families previously identified with S1PR2 pathogenic variants presented profound hearing loss that is also observed in the affected Iranian individuals described in the current study. Interestingly, we confirmed mixed hearing loss in one affected individual. 3D protein modeling suggests that the p.Arg108 position plays a key role in ligand receptor interaction, which is disturbed by the p.Arg108Gln change. CONCLUSION In summary, we report the third overall mutation in S1PR2 and the first report outside the Pakistani population. Furthermore, we describe a novel variant that causes an amino acid exchange (p.Arg108Gln) in the same amino acid residue as one of the previously reported Pakistani families (p.Arg108Pro). This finding emphasizes the importance of the p.Arg108 amino acid in normal hearing and confirms and consolidates the role of S1PR2 in autosomal recessive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Mojarad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Julia Doll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Atiye Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajati
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ghaem Educational Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tobias Müller
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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Anupriya MG, Singh S, Hulyalkar NV, Sreekumar E. Sphingolipid signaling modulates trans-endothelial cell permeability in dengue virus infected HMEC-1 cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:44-54. [PMID: 29733947 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Dengue has emerged as a major mosquito-borne disease in the tropics and subtropics. In severe dengue, enhanced microvascular endothelial permeability leads to plasma leakage. Direct dengue virus (DENV) infection in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) can enhance trans-endothelial leakage. Using a microarray-based analysis, we identified modulation of key endothelial cell signaling pathways in DENV-infected HMEC-1 cells. One among them was the sphingolipid pathway that regulates vascular barrier function. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) and S1PR5 showed significant up-regulation in the microarray data. In DENV-infected cells, the kinetics of S1PR2 transcript expression and enhanced in vitro trans-endothelial permeability showed a correlation. We also observed an internalization and cytoplasmic translocation of VE-Cadherin, a component of adherens junctions (AJ), upon infection indicating AJ disassembly. Further, inhibition of S1PR2 signaling by a specific pharmacological inhibitor prevented translocation of VE-Cadherin, thus helping AJ maintenance, and abrogated DENV-induced trans-endothelial leakage. Our results show that sphingolipid signaling, especially that involving S1PR2, plays a critical role in vascular leakage in dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Anupriya
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India; Research Scholar, University of Kerala, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India; Research Scholar, University of Kerala, India
| | - Neha Vijay Hulyalkar
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
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Thirunavukkarasan M, Wang C, Rao A, Hind T, Teo YR, Siddiquee AAM, Goghari MAI, Kumar AP, Herr DR. Short-chain fatty acid receptors inhibit invasive phenotypes in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186334. [PMID: 29049318 PMCID: PMC5648159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (2 to 6 carbons in length) are ubiquitous lipids that are present in human plasma at micromolar concentrations. In addition to serving as metabolic precursors for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, they also act as cognate ligands for two known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), FFAR2 and FFAR3. While there is evidence that these receptors may inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer, their roles in breast cancer cells are largely unknown. We evaluated the effects of enforced overexpression of these receptors in two phenotypically distinct breast cancer cell lines: MCF7 and MDA-MD-231. Our results demonstrate that both receptors inhibit cell invasiveness, but through different signaling processes. In invasive, mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 cells, FFAR2 inhibits the Hippo-Yap pathway and increases expression of adhesion protein E-cadherin, while FFAR3 inhibits MAPK signaling. Both receptors have the net effect of reducing actin polymerization and invasion of cells through a Matrigel matrix. These effects were absent in the less invasive, epithelial-like MCF7 cells. Correspondingly, there is reduced expression of both receptors in invasive breast carcinoma and in aggressive triple-negative breast tumors, relative to normal breast tissue. Cumulatively, our data suggest that the activation of cognate receptors by short chain fatty acids drives breast cancer cells toward a non-invasive phenotype and therefore may inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angad Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatsuma Hind
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuan Ru Teo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abrar Al-Mahmood Siddiquee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Hatoum D, Haddadi N, Lin Y, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. Mammalian sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes and isoform expression: challenges for SphK as an oncotarget. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36898-36929. [PMID: 28415564 PMCID: PMC5482707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The various sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes (isozymes) and isoforms, key players in normal cellular physiology, are strongly implicated in cancer and other diseases. Mutations in SphKs, that may justify abnormal physiological function, have not been recorded. Nonetheless, there is a large and growing body of evidence demonstrating the contribution of gain or loss of function and the imbalance in the SphK/S1P rheostat to a plethora of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. SphK is expressed as two isozymes SphK1 and SphK2, transcribed from genes located on different chromosomes and both isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Expression of each SphK isozyme produces alternately spliced isoforms. In recent years the importance of the contribution of SpK1 expression to treatment resistance in cancer has been highlighted and, additionally, differences in treatment outcome appear to also be dependent upon SphK isoform expression. This review focuses on an exciting emerging area of research involving SphKs functions, expression and subcellular localization, highlighting the complexity of targeting SphK in cancer and also comorbid diseases. This review also covers the SphK isoenzymes and isoforms from a historical perspective, from their first discovery in murine species and then in humans, their role(s) in normal cellular function and in disease processes, to advancement of SphK as an oncotarget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Rao A, Herr DR. G protein-coupled receptor GPR19 regulates E-cadherin expression and invasion of breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1318-1327. [PMID: 28476646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer initiation and progression. Within this family, approximately 140 GPCRs have no known endogenous ligands and these "orphan" GPCRs remain poorly characterized. The orphan GPCR GPR19 was identified and cloned 2 decades ago, but relatively little is known about its physio-pathological relevance. We observed its expression to be elevated in breast cancers and therefore sought to investigate its potential role in breast cancer pathology. In this work, we show that overexpression of GPR19 drives mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells to adopt an epithelial-like phenotype, as demonstrated by the upregulation in E-cadherin expression and changes in functional behavior. We confirm a previous report that a peptide, adropin, is an endogenous ligand for GPR19. We further show that adropin-mediated activation of GPR19 activates the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway, which is essential for the observed upregulation in E-cadherin and accompanying phenotypic changes. The recapitulation of epithelial characteristics at the secondary tumor sites is now understood to be an essential step in the colonization process. Taken together our work shows for the first time that GPR19 plays a potential role in metastasis by promoting the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) through the ERK/MAPK pathway, thus facilitating colonization of metastatic breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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LiCl Treatment Induces Programmed Cell Death of Schwannoma Cells through AKT- and MTOR-Mediated Necroptosis. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2363-2371. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Patmanathan SN, Wang W, Yap LF, Herr DR, Paterson IC. Mechanisms of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signalling in cancer. Cell Signal 2017; 34:66-75. [PMID: 28302566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
S1P is a small bioactive lipid which exerts its effects following binding to a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, known as S1P1-5. Following receptor activation, multiple signalling cascades are activated, allowing S1P to regulate a range of cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. There is strong evidence implicating the involvement of S1P receptors (S1PRs) in cancer progression and the oncogenic effects of S1P can result from alterations in the expression of one or more of the S1PRs and/or the enzymes that regulate the levels of S1P. However, cooperativity between the individual S1PRs, functional interactions with receptor tyrosine kinases and the sub-cellular localisation of the S1PRs within tumour cells also appear to play a role in mediating the effects of S1PR signalling during carcinogenesis. Here we review what is known regarding the role of individual S1PRs in cancer and discuss the recent evidence to suggest cross-talk between the S1PRs and other cellular signalling pathways in cancer. We will also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the S1PRs and their downstream signalling pathways for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Yin H, Sun G, Yang Q, Chen C, Qi Q, Wang H, Li J. NLRX1 accelerates cisplatin-induced ototoxity in HEI-OC1 cells via promoting generation of ROS and activation of JNK signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44311. [PMID: 28287190 PMCID: PMC5347132 DOI: 10.1038/srep44311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family member X1 (NLRX1), located in mitochondria, can recognize cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and is tightly related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and inflammation. The present study was designed to explore whether NLRX1 expresses in HEI-OC1 cells and, if so, to investigate the possible correlations between NLRX1 and cisplatin-induced ototoxity in vitro. Here, we report that NLRX1 was specifically localized to mitochondria in the cytoplasm of HEI-OC1 cells and its expression was increased concurrent with the increase of ROS production and occurrence of apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells in response to cisplatin stimulus. NLRX1 overexpression led to a higher apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells treated with cisplatin, whereas, NLRX silencing decreased cisplatin induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that NLRX1 activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as well as promoted ROS generation and JNK activation. Either inhibition of ROS generation or JNK signaling significantly prevented NLRX1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in HEI-OC1cells. In addition, NLRX1 expression was confirmed in cochlear explants. The findings from this work reveal that NLRX1 sensitizes HEI-OC1 cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis via activation of ROS/JNK signaling pathway, suggesting that NLRX1 acts as an important regulator of the cisplatin-elicited ototoxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Cheeloo Healthy Science Center, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Cheeloo Healthy Science Center, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Cheeloo Healthy Science Center, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Cheeloo Healthy Science Center, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Cheeloo Healthy Science Center, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China
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Bruno M, Rizzo IM, Romero-Guevara R, Bernacchioni C, Cencetti F, Donati C, Bruni P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling axis mediates fibroblast growth factor 2-induced proliferation and survival of murine auditory neuroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:814-824. [PMID: 28188805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss affects millions of people in the world. In mammals the auditory system comprises diverse cell types which are terminally differentiated and with no regenerative potential. There is a tremendous research interest aimed at identifying cell therapy based solutions or pharmacological approaches that could be applied therapeutically alongside auditory devices to prevent hair cell and neuron loss. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic bioactive sphingolipid that plays key role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological functions. S1P is intracellularly produced by sphingosine kinase (SK) 1 and SK2 and exerts many of its action consequently to its ligation to S1P specific receptors (S1PR), S1P1-5. In this study, murine auditory neuroblasts named US/VOT-N33 have been used as progenitors of neurons of the spiral ganglion. We demonstrated that the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-induced proliferative action was dependent on SK1, SK2 as well as S1P1 and S1P2. Moreover, the pro-survival effect of FGF2 from apoptotic cell death induced by staurosporine treatment was dependent on SK but not on S1PR. Additionally, ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways were found to mediate the mitogenic and survival action of FGF2, respectively. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a crucial role for S1P signaling axis in the proliferation and the survival of otic vesicle neuroprogenitors, highlighting the identification of possible novel therapeutical approaches to prevent neuronal degeneration during hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maria Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Ricardo Romero-Guevara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paola Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", viale G B Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Hur W, Rosen H, Gray NS. A benzo[ b ]thiophene-based selective type 4 S1P receptor agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Nalbandian CJ, Miller EM, Toenjes ST, Gustafson JL. A conjugate Lewis base-Brønsted acid catalyst for the sulfenylation of nitrogen containing heterocycles under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1494-1497. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new Lewis base/Brønsted acid approach allows for the sulfenylation of N-heterocycles under exceedingly mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Sean T. Toenjes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
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Chew WS, Wang W, Herr DR. To fingolimod and beyond: The rich pipeline of drug candidates that target S1P signaling. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:521-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Lai MKP, Chew WS, Torta F, Rao A, Harris GL, Chun J, Herr DR. Biological Effects of Naturally Occurring Sphingolipids, Uncommon Variants, and Their Analogs. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:396-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27445808 PMCID: PMC4914510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system with its specific G-protein-coupled S1P receptors, the enzymes of S1P metabolism and the S1P transporters, offers a multitude of promising targets for drug development. Until today, drug development in this area has nearly exclusively focused on (functional) antagonists at the S1P1 receptor, which cause a unique phenotype of immunomodulation. Accordingly, the first-in class S1P1 receptor modulator, fingolimod, has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and novel S1P1 receptor (functional) antagonists are being developed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematodes, or polymyositis. Besides the S1P1 receptor, also S1P2 and S1P3 are widely expressed and regulate many diverse functions throughout the body. The S1P2 receptor, in particular, often exerts cellular functions which are opposed to the functions of the S1P1 receptor. As a consequence, antagonists at the S1P2 receptor have the potential to be useful in a contrasting context and different areas of indication compared to S1P1 antagonists. The present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of S1P2 receptor antagonists and discuss their opportunities as well as their potential risks. Open questions and areas which require further investigations will be emphasized in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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