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La Marca A, Diamanti M. Factors affecting age at menopause and their relationship with ovarian reserve: a comprehensive review. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39007753 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2375281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to discuss all the factors affecting the age at menopause and their correlation with ovarian reserve. MATERIALS AND METHODS A narrative review of original articles was performed using PubMed until December 2023. The following keywords were used to generate the list of citations: 'menopause', 'ovarian reserve' 'oocytes quality and quantity', 'ovarian ageing'. RESULTS Menopause is the final step in the process of ovarian ageing and is influenced by the oocyte pool at birth. Conditions that accelerate follicle depletion during the reproductive lifespan lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and premature ovarian failure (POF), while a higher ovarian reserve is associated with a delayed time to menopause. Reproductive history, sociodemographic, lifestyle and iatrogenic factors may impact ovarian reserve and the age at menopause. CONCLUSIONS Some factors affecting the age at menopause are modifiable and the risks of early menopause may be preventable. We hypothesise that by addressing these modifiable factors we may also preserve ovarian reserve. However, further interventional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the described strategies on ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio La Marca
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marialaura Diamanti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Kentistou KA, Kaisinger LR, Stankovic S, Vaudel M, Mendes de Oliveira E, Messina A, Walters RG, Liu X, Busch AS, Helgason H, Thompson DJ, Santoni F, Petricek KM, Zouaghi Y, Huang-Doran I, Gudbjartsson DF, Bratland E, Lin K, Gardner EJ, Zhao Y, Jia RY, Terao C, Riggan MJ, Bolla MK, Yazdanpanah M, Yazdanpanah N, Bradfield JP, Broer L, Campbell A, Chasman DI, Cousminer DL, Franceschini N, Franke LH, Girotto G, He C, Järvelin MR, Joshi PK, Kamatani Y, Karlsson R, Luan J, Lunetta KL, Mägi R, Mangino M, Medland SE, Meisinger C, Noordam R, Nutile T, Concas MP, Polašek O, Porcu E, Ring SM, Sala C, Smith AV, Tanaka T, van der Most PJ, Vitart V, Wang CA, Willemsen G, Zygmunt M, Ahearn TU, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antoniou AC, Auer PL, Barnes CLK, Beckmann MW, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Brenner H, Buring JE, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Cox A, Crisponi L, Czene K, Daly MB, Demerath EW, Dennis J, Devilee P, De Vivo I, Dörk T, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eriksson JG, Fasching PA, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Ferreli L, Fletcher O, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, González-Neira A, Grallert H, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hakonarson H, Hart RJ, Hickey M, Hooning MJ, Hoppe R, Hopper JL, Hottenga JJ, Hu FB, Huebner H, Hunter DJ, Jernström H, John EM, Karasik D, Khusnutdinova EK, Kristensen VN, Lacey JV, Lambrechts D, Launer LJ, Lind PA, Lindblom A, Magnusson PKE, Mannermaa A, McCarthy MI, Meitinger T, Menni C, Michailidou K, Millwood IY, Milne RL, Montgomery GW, Nevanlinna H, Nolte IM, Nyholt DR, Obi N, O'Brien KM, Offit K, Oldehinkel AJ, Ostrowski SR, Palotie A, Pedersen OB, Peters A, Pianigiani G, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Pouta A, Pozarickij A, Radice P, Rennert G, Rosendaal FR, Ruggiero D, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt MK, Small K, Spedicati B, Stampfer M, Stone J, Tamimi RM, Teras LR, Tikkanen E, Turman C, Vachon CM, Wang Q, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Zemel BS, Zheng W, van Dijk KW, Alizadeh BZ, Bandinelli S, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Ciullo M, Chenevix-Trench G, Cucca F, Esko T, Gieger C, Grant SFA, Gudnason V, Hayward C, Kolčić I, Kraft P, Lawlor DA, Martin NG, Nøhr EA, Pedersen NL, Pennell CE, Ridker PM, Robino A, Snieder H, Sovio U, Spector TD, Stöckl D, Sudlow C, Timpson NJ, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden A, Ulivi S, Völzke H, Wareham NJ, Widen E, Wilson JF, Pharoah PDP, Li L, Easton DF, Njølstad PR, Sulem P, Murabito JM, Murray A, Manousaki D, Juul A, Erikstrup C, Stefansson K, Horikoshi M, Chen Z, Farooqi IS, Pitteloud N, Johansson S, Day FR, Perry JRB, Ong KK. Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1397-1411. [PMID: 38951643 PMCID: PMC11250262 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Pubertal timing varies considerably and is associated with later health outcomes. We performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses on ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 signals for age at menarche. Collectively, these explained 11% of trait variance in an independent sample. Women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibited ~11 and ~14-fold higher risks of delayed and precocious puberty, respectively. We identified several genes harboring rare loss-of-function variants in ~200,000 women, including variants in ZNF483, which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Variant-to-gene mapping approaches and mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron RNA sequencing implicated 665 genes, including an uncharacterized G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR83, which amplified the signaling of MC3R, a key nutritional sensor. Shared signals with menopause timing at genes involved in DNA damage response suggest that the ovarian reserve might signal centrally to trigger puberty. We also highlight body size-dependent and independent mechanisms that potentially link reproductive timing to later life disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edson Mendes de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Messina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alexander S Busch
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federico Santoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yassine Zouaghi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raina Y Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marjorie J Riggan
- Department of Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mojgan Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahid Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Quantinuum Research, Wayne, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lude H Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Sardinia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul L Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Liana Ferreli
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team 'Exposome and Heredity', CESP, Gustave Roussy INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Orsay, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helena Jernström
- Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James V Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology-IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Pianigiani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', MASA, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Anneli Pouta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred Pozarickij
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Preventive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Gad Rennert
- Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Isernia, Italy
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Division of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia Perth, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ko W van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Sardinia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellen A Nøhr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Doris Stöckl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nic J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Adolescent Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Despoina Manousaki
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Pasokh Z, Seif M, Ghaem H, Rezaianzadeh A, Ghoddusi Johari M. Age at natural menopause and its determinants in female population of Kharameh cohort study: Comparison of regression, conditional tree and forests. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300448. [PMID: 38625988 PMCID: PMC11020934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation that occurs after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea without any obvious pathological or physiological cause. The age of this phenomenon has been reported to be associated with several health outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the Age at Natural Menopause (ANM) and to identify reproductive and demographic factors affecting ANM. METHODS This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on 2517 post-menopausal women aged 40-70 years participating in the first phase of the PERSIAN cohort study of Kharameh, Iran, during 2014-2017. To more accurately detect the determinants of ANM, we applied multiple linear regression beside some machine learning algorithms including conditional tree, conditional forest, and random forest. Then, the fitness of these methods was compared using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS The mean±SD of ANM was 48.95±6.13. Both applied forests provided more accurate results and identified more predictors. However, according to the final comparison, the conditional forest was the most accurate method which recognized that more pregnancies, longer breastfeeding, Fars ethnicity, and urbanization have the greatest impact on later ANM. CONCLUSIONS This study found a wide range of reproductive and demographic factors affecting ANM. Considering our findings in decision-making can reduce the complications related to this phenomenon and, consequently, improve the quality of life of post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pasokh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Prince C, Howe LD, Sharp GC, Fraser A, Richmond RC. Establishing the relationships between adiposity and reproductive factors: a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:350. [PMID: 37697382 PMCID: PMC10496263 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated associations between adiposity and reproductive factors using causal methods, both of which have a number of consequences on women's health. Here we assess whether adiposity at different points in the lifecourse affects reproductive factors differently and independently, and the plausibility of the impact of reproductive factors on adiposity. METHODS We used genetic data from UK Biobank (273,238 women) and other consortia (EGG, GIANT, ReproGen and SSGAC) for eight reproductive factors: age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first birth, age at last birth, number of births, being parous, age first had sexual intercourse and lifetime number of sexual partners, and two adiposity traits: childhood and adulthood body size. We applied multivariable Mendelian randomization to account for genetic correlation and to estimate the causal effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity, independently of each other, on reproductive factors. Additionally, we estimated the effects of reproductive factors, independently of other relevant reproductive factors, on adulthood adiposity. RESULTS We found a higher childhood body size leads to an earlier age at menarche, and an earlier age at menarche leads to a higher adulthood body size. Furthermore, we find contrasting and independent effects of childhood and adulthood body size on age at first birth (beta 0.22 SD (95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.31) vs - 2.49 (- 2.93, - 2.06) per 1 SD increase), age at last birth (0.13 (0.06,0.21) vs - 1.86 (- 2.23, - 1.48) per 1 SD increase), age at menopause (0.17 (0.09, 0.25) vs - 0.99 (- 1.39, - 0.59) per 1 SD increase), and likelihood of having children (Odds ratio 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) vs 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) per 1 SD increase). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering a lifecourse approach when investigating the inter-relationships between adiposity measures and reproductive events, as well as the use of 'age specific' genetic instruments when evaluating lifecourse hypotheses in a Mendelian randomization framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Prince
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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5
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Zhang X, Huangfu Z, Wang S. Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1234324. [PMID: 37766689 PMCID: PMC10520463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1234324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause marks the end of the reproductive phase of life. Based on epidemiological studies, abnormal age at natural menopause (ANM) is thought to contribute to a number of adverse outcomes, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, the causality of these associations remains unclear. A powerful epidemiological method known as Mendelian randomization (MR) can be used to clarify the causality between ANM and other diseases or traits. The present review describes MR studies that included ANM as an exposure, outcome and mediator. The findings of MR analyses on ANM have revealed that higher body mass index, poor educational level, early age at menarche, early age at first live birth, early age at first sexual intercourse, and autoimmune thyroid disease appear to be involved in early ANM etiology. The etiology of late ANM appears to be influenced by higher free thyroxine 4 and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutations. Furthermore, early ANM has been found to be causally associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, fracture, type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycosylated hemoglobin, and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance level. In addition, late ANM has been found to be causally associated with an increased systolic blood pressure, higher risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, lung cancer, longevity, airflow obstruction, and lower risk of Parkinson's disease. ANM is also a mediator for breast cancer caused by birth weight and childhood body size. However, due to the different instrumental variables used, some results of studies are inconsistent. Future studies with more valid genetic variants are needed for traits with discrepancies between MRs or between MR and other types of epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Huangfu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Kentistou KA, Kaisinger LR, Stankovic S, Vaudel M, de Oliveira EM, Messina A, Walters RG, Liu X, Busch AS, Helgason H, Thompson DJ, Santon F, Petricek KM, Zouaghi Y, Huang-Doran I, Gudbjartsson DF, Bratland E, Lin K, Gardner EJ, Zhao Y, Jia R, Terao C, Riggan M, Bolla MK, Yazdanpanah M, Yazdanpanah N, Bradfield JP, Broer L, Campbell A, Chasman DI, Cousminer DL, Franceschini N, Franke LH, Girotto G, He C, Järvelin MR, Joshi PK, Kamatani Y, Karlsson R, Luan J, Lunetta KL, Mägi R, Mangino M, Medland SE, Meisinger C, Noordam R, Nutile T, Concas MP, Polašek O, Porcu E, Ring SM, Sala C, Smith AV, Tanaka T, van der Most PJ, Vitart V, Wang CA, Willemsen G, Zygmunt M, Ahearn TU, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antoniou AC, Auer PL, Barnes CLK, Beckmann MW, Berrington A, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Brenner H, Buring JE, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Cox A, Crisponi L, Czene K, Daly MB, Demerath EW, Dennis J, Devilee P, Vivo ID, Dörk T, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eriksson JG, Fasching PA, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Ferreli L, Fletcher O, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, González-Neira A, Grallert H, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hakonarson H, Hart RJ, Hickey M, Hooning MJ, Hoppe R, Hopper JL, Hottenga JJ, Hu FB, Hübner H, Hunter DJ, Jernström H, John EM, Karasik D, Khusnutdinova EK, Kristensen VN, Lacey JV, Lambrechts D, Launer LJ, Lind PA, Lindblom A, Magnusson PKE, Mannermaa A, McCarthy MI, Meitinger T, Menni C, Michailidou K, Millwood IY, Milne RL, Montgomery GW, Nevanlinna H, Nolte IM, Nyholt DR, Obi N, O’Brien KM, Offit K, Oldehinkel AJ, Ostrowski SR, Palotie A, Pedersen OB, Peters A, Pianigiani G, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Pouta A, Pozarickij A, Radice P, Rennert G, Rosendaal FR, Ruggiero D, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt MK, Small K, Spedicati B, Stampfer M, Stone J, Tamimi RM, Teras LR, Tikkanen E, Turman C, Vachon CM, Wang Q, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Zemel BS, Zheng W, van Dijk KW, Alizadeh BZ, Bandinelli S, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Ciullo M, Chenevix-Trench G, Cucca F, Esko T, Gieger C, Grant SFA, Gudnason V, Hayward C, Kolčić I, Kraft P, Lawlor DA, Martin NG, Nøhr EA, Pedersen NL, Pennell CE, Ridker PM, Robino A, Snieder H, Sovio U, Spector TD, Stöckl D, Sudlow C, Timpson NJ, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden A, Ulivi S, Völzke H, Wareham NJ, Widen E, Wilson JF, Pharoah PDP, Li L, Easton DF, Njølstad P, Sulem P, Murabito JM, Murray A, Manousaki D, Juul A, Erikstrup C, Stefansson K, Horikoshi M, Chen Z, Farooqi IS, Pitteloud N, Johansson S, Day FR, Perry JRB, Ong KK. Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.14.23291322. [PMID: 37503126 PMCID: PMC10371120 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.23291322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal timing varies considerably and has been associated with a range of health outcomes in later life. To elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms, we performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses in ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 independent signals associated with age at menarche. Collectively these loci explained 11% of the trait variance in an independent sample, with women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibiting a ~11 and ~14-fold higher risk of delayed and precocious pubertal development, respectively. These common variant analyses were supported by exome sequence analysis of ~220,000 women, identifying several genes, including rare loss of function variants in ZNF483 which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Next, we implicated 660 genes in pubertal development using a combination of in silico variant-to-gene mapping approaches and integration with dynamic gene expression data from mouse embryonic GnRH neurons. This included an uncharacterized G-protein coupled receptor GPR83, which we demonstrate amplifies signaling of MC3R, a key sensor of nutritional status. Finally, we identified several genes, including ovary-expressed genes involved in DNA damage response that co-localize with signals associated with menopause timing, leading us to hypothesize that the ovarian reserve might signal centrally to trigger puberty. Collectively these findings extend our understanding of the biological complexity of puberty timing and highlight body size dependent and independent mechanisms that potentially link reproductive timing to later life disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edson M de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Messina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alexander S Busch
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Deptartment of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Federico Santon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yassine Zouaghi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Raina Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Margie Riggan
- Department of Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mojgan Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahid Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonath P Bradfield
- Quantinuum Research, Wayne, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lude H Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
- Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, Box 310, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics. Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul L Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, and Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Catriona LK Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amy Berrington
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Liana Ferreli
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team “Exposome and Heredity”, CESP, Gustave Roussy INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Melbourne and The Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hanna Hübner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - ABCTB Investigators
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helena Jernström
- Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James V Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Duarte, CA, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie M O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of health and medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of health and medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Pianigiani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov” MASA Skopje Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Anneli Pouta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Alfred Pozarickij
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science American Cancer Society Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ko W van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Struan FA Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellen A Nøhr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Doris Stöckl
- Gesundheitsamt Fürstenfeldbruck, Regierung von Oberbayern, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Nic J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul DP Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Pål Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Despoina Manousaki
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John RB Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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7
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Peycheva D, Sullivan A, Hardy R, Bryson A, Conti G, Ploubidis G. Risk factors for natural menopause before the age of 45: evidence from two British population-based birth cohort studies. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:438. [DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Menopause that occurs before the age of 45 and is not medically induced (referred to here as ‘early natural menopause’) affects around one in 10 women and has serious health consequences. These consequences include increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes.
Methods
We investigate risk factors for the onset of natural menopause before the age of 45 in two population-based prospective cohort studies in Britain: the 1958 cohort following 8959 women and the 1970 cohort following 8655 women. These studies follow women from birth to adulthood, and we use harmonized data on birth and early life characteristics, reproductive health, health behaviour, and socioeconomic characteristics for 6805 women who were pre-menopausal, peri-menopausal or had undergone natural menopause. Of these 6805 women, 3614 participated in the 1958 cohort (of which 368 had early menopause) and 3191 participated in the 1970 cohort (of which 206 had early menopause). Taking a life course approach, we focus on three distinct life stages - birth/early life, childhood, and early adulthood - to understand when risk factors are most harmful. Respecting the temporal sequence of exposures, we use a series of multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations between early menopause and each potential risk factor adjusted for confounders.
Results
We find that early menopause is influenced by circumstances at birth. Women born in lower social class families, whose mother smoked during the pregnancy or who were breastfed 1 month or less were more likely to undergo early menopause. Early menopause is also associated with poorer cognitive ability and smoking in childhood. Adult health behaviour also matters. Smoking is positively correlated with early menopause, while regular exercise and moderate frequency of alcohol drinking in women’s early thirties are associated with reduced risk of early menopause. The occurrence of gynaecological problems by women’s early thirties is also linked to early menopause.
Conclusions
We demonstrate that characteristics at different periods of life are associated with early menopause. Some of these associations relate to modifiable behaviours and thus the risks of early menopause and the adverse health outcomes associated with it may be preventable.
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Wignarajah A, Alvero R, Lathi RB, Aghajanova L, Eisenberg M, Winn VD, Behr B, Murugappan G. Implementation of a comprehensive fertility biobanking initiative. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:228-236. [PMID: 35977803 PMCID: PMC9386165 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the framework of Stanford Fertility and Reproductive Health's comprehensive reproductive biobanking initiatives and the results of the first year of recruitment. DESIGN Technical description article. SETTING Academic fertility center. PATIENT(S) Fertility patients >18 years of age. INTERVENTION(S) Enroll the patients interested in research in biobanking protocols. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Patient recruitment and sample inventory from September 2020 to September 2021. RESULT(S) A total of 253 patients have enrolled in the Stanford Fertility and Reproductive Health biobanking initiatives since September 2020. The current inventory consists of 1,176 samples, including serums, plasmas, buffy coats, endometria, maternal deciduae, miscarriage chorionic villi, and human embryos (zygote, cleavage, and blastocyst stages). CONCLUSION(S) This biobanking initiative addresses a critical, unmet need in reproductive health research to make it possible for patients to donate excess embryos and gametes and preserves, for future research, valuable somatic and reproductive tissues that would otherwise be discarded. We present the framework of this biobanking initiative in order to support future efforts of establishing similar biorepositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Wignarajah
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Ruben Alvero
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Ruth B Lathi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Lusine Aghajanova
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California
| | | | - Virginia D Winn
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Barry Behr
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Gayathree Murugappan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California.
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9
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Vogt EC, Real FG, Husebye ES, Björnsdottir S, Benediktsdottir B, Bertelsen RJ, Demoly P, Franklin KA, de Aja Gallastegui LS, González FJC, Heinrich J, Holm M, Jogi NO, Leynaert B, Lindberg E, Malinovschi A, Martínez-Moratalla J, Mayoral RG, Oudin A, Pereira-Vega A, Semjen CR, Schlünssen V, Triebner K, Øksnes M. Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multi-center cohorts. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220024. [PMID: 35521804 PMCID: PMC9175594 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate markers of premature menopause (<40 years) and specifically the prevalence of autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in European women. Design Postmenopausal women were categorized according to age at menopause and self-reported reason for menopause in a cross-sectional analysis of 6870 women. Methods Variables associated with the timing of menopause and hormone measurements of 17β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Specific immunoprecipitating assays of steroidogenic autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), side-chain cleavage enzyme (anti-SCC) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (17 OH), as well as NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 were used to identify women with likely autoimmune POI. Results Premature menopause was identified in 2.8% of women, and these women had higher frequencies of nulliparity (37.4% vs 19.7%), obesity (28.7% vs 21.4%), osteoporosis (17.1% vs 11.6%), hormone replacement therapy (59.1% vs 36.9%) and never smokers (60.1% vs 50.9%) (P < 0.05), compared to women with menopause ≥40 years. Iatrogenic causes were found in 91 (47%) and non-ovarian causes in 27 (14%) women, while 77 (39%) women were classified as POI of unknown cause, resulting in a 1.1% prevalence of idiopathic POI. After adjustments nulliparity was the only variable significantly associated with POI (odds ratio 2.46; 95% CI 1.63-3.42). Based on the presence of autoantibodies against 21 OH and SCC, 4.5% of POI cases were of likely autoimmune origin. Conclusion Idiopathic POI affects 1.1% of all women and almost half of the women with premature menopause. Autoimmunity explains 4.5% of these cases judged by positive steroidogenic autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Chelsom Vogt
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Sverre Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigridur Björnsdottir
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavík, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Pascal Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier, IDESP, Univ Montpellier-Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Karl Anders Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Oscar Jogi
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benedicte Leynaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1018, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Integrative Respiratory Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesús Martínez-Moratalla
- Pneumology Service of the General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Albacete Faculty of Medicine, Castilla-La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain
| | - Raúl Godoy Mayoral
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain
| | - Anna Oudin
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kai Triebner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Øksnes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Roberts JF, Jeff Huang CC. Bovine models for human ovarian diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:101-154. [PMID: 35595347 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways and hormonal signaling mechanisms. Other similarities between these species include the size of ovaries, length of gestation, ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics, and pathophysiology of ovarian diseases. As an economically important agriculture species, cattle are a foundational species in fertility research with decades of groundwork using physiologic, genetic, and therapeutic experimental techniques. Many technologies used in modern reproductive medicine, such as ovulation induction using hormonal therapy, were first used in cows before human trials. Human ovarian diseases with naturally occurring bovine correlates include premature ovary insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). This article presents an overview of bovine ovary research related to causes of infertility, ovarian diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics, emphasizing where the bovine model can offer advantages over other lab animals for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Roberts
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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11
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Langton CR, Whitcomb BW, Purdue-Smithe AC, Sievert LL, Hankinson SE, Manson JE, Rosner BA, Bertone-Johnson ER. Association of In Utero Exposures With Risk of Early Natural Menopause. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:775-786. [PMID: 35015807 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal pregnancy conditions may affect ovarian development in the fetus and be associated with early natural menopause (ENM) for offspring. A total of 106,633 premenopausal participants in Nurses' Health Study II who provided data on their own prenatal characteristics, including diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, maternal cigarette smoking exposure, multiplicity, prematurity, and birth weight, were followed from 1989 to 2017. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of in utero exposures with ENM. During 1.6 million person-years of follow-up, 2,579 participants experienced ENM. In multivariable models, women with prenatal DES exposure had higher risk of ENM compared with those without it (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.67). Increased risk of ENM was observed for those with low (<5.5 pounds (<2.5 kg)) versus normal (7.0-8.4 pounds (3.2-3.8 kg)) birth weight (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45). Decreasing risk was observed per 1-pound (0.45-kg) increase in birth weight (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.97). Prenatal smoking exposure, being part of a multiple birth, and prematurity were not associated with ENM. In this large cohort study, lower birth weight and prenatal DES exposure were associated with higher risk of ENM. Our results support a need for future research to examine in utero exposures that may affect offspring reproductive health.
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12
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Prince C, Sharp GC, Howe LD, Fraser A, Richmond RC. The relationships between women's reproductive factors: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:103. [PMID: 35321746 PMCID: PMC8944090 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's reproductive factors include their age at menarche and menopause, the age at which they start and stop having children and the number of children they have. Studies that have linked these factors with disease risk have largely investigated individual reproductive factors and have not considered the genetic correlation and total interplay that may occur between them. This study aimed to investigate the nature of the relationships between eight female reproductive factors. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank and genetic consortia with data available for the following reproductive factors: age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first birth, age at last birth, number of births, being parous, age first had sexual intercourse and lifetime number of sexual partners. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was performed to investigate the genetic correlation between reproductive factors. We then applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) methods to estimate the causal relationships between these factors. Sensitivity analyses were used to investigate directionality of the effects, test for evidence of pleiotropy and account for sample overlap. RESULTS LDSC indicated that most reproductive factors are genetically correlated (rg range: |0.06-0.94|), though there was little evidence for genetic correlations between lifetime number of sexual partners and age at last birth, number of births and ever being parous (rg < 0.01). MR revealed potential causal relationships between many reproductive factors, including later age at menarche (1 SD increase) leading to a later age at first sexual intercourse (beta (B) = 0.09 SD, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.06,0.11), age at first birth (B = 0.07 SD, CI = 0.04,0.10), age at last birth (B = 0.06 SD, CI = 0.04,0.09) and age at menopause (B = 0.06 SD, CI = 0.03,0.10). Later age at first birth was found to lead to a later age at menopause (B = 0.21 SD, CI = 0.13,0.29), age at last birth (B = 0.72 SD, CI = 0.67, 0.77) and a lower number of births (B = -0.38 SD, CI = -0.44, -0.32). CONCLUSION This study presents evidence that women's reproductive factors are genetically correlated and causally related. Future studies examining the health sequelae of reproductive factors should consider a woman's entire reproductive history, including the causal interplay between reproductive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Prince
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Sievert LL, Huicochea-Gómez L, Cahuich-Campos D, Whitcomb BW, Brown DE. Age at menopause among rural and urban women in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Menopause 2021; 28:1358-1368. [PMID: 34854837 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine age at natural menopause among women of Maya and non-Maya ancestry living in urban and rural communities in the state of Campeche, Mexico. METHODS Women ages 40 to 60 (n = 543) participated in semi-structured interviews and anthropometric measures. The last names, languages spoken, and the birthplace of the woman, her parents, and her grandparents were used to determine Maya or non-Maya ethnicity. Recalled age at natural menopause was compared across four communities; analysis of variance was used to compare means and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare medians. Probit analysis was also used to estimate median ages at menopause. Cox regression analyses were applied to identify variables associated with age at menopause. RESULTS Mean recalled age at natural menopause across all sites was 46.7 years, ranging from 47.8 years in the city of Campeche to 43.9 years in the rural Maya communities in the municipality of Hopelchén. Median ages at menopause across all sites were 50.55 years by probit analysis and 50.5 years by Kaplan-Meier. Variables associated with a later age at menopause included higher socioeconomic status, higher parity, and a later age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS The early mean recalled age at menopause in southern Hopelchén was consistent with previous studies in the Yucatán peninsula. As expected, probit and Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated later ages at menopause. Contrary to our expectations, Maya/non-Maya ethnicity was not associated with age at menopause. Demographic and reproductive factors were more important than ethnicity in explaining variation in age at menopause within the state of Campeche, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Huicochea-Gómez
- Departamento de Sociedad y Cultura, El Colegio de la Frontera, ECOSUR, Campeche, México
| | - Diana Cahuich-Campos
- Departamento de Sociedad y Cultura, El Colegio de la Frontera, ECOSUR, Campeche, México
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Daniel E Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI
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14
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Kusters CDJ, Paul KC, Folle AD, Keener AM, Bronstein JM, Bertram L, Hansen J, Horvath S, Sinsheimer JS, Lill CM, Ritz BR. Increased Menopausal Age Reduces the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2264-2272. [PMID: 34426982 PMCID: PMC8530889 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the association with age at menarche or menopause have reported inconsistent findings. Mendelian randomization (MR) may address measurement errors because of difficulties accurately reporting the age these life events occur. OBJECTIVE We used MR to assess the association between age at menopause and age at menarche with PD risk. METHODS We performed inverse variant-weighted (IVW) MR analysis using external genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the United Kingdom biobank, and the effect estimates between genetic variants and PD among two population-based studies (Parkinson's disease in Denmark (PASIDA) study, Denmark, and Parkinson's Environment and Gene study [PEG], United States) that enrolled 1737 female and 2430 male subjects of European ancestry. We, then, replicated our findings for age at menopause using summary statistics from the PD consortium (19 773 women), followed by a meta-analysis combining all summary statistics. RESULTS For each year increase in age at menopause, the risk for PD decreased (odds ration [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.98; P = 0.03) among women in our study, whereas there was no association among men (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11; P = 0.71). A replication using summary statistics from the PD consortium estimated an OR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.99; P = 0.01), and we calculated a meta-analytic OR of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = 0.003). There was no indication for an association between age at menarche and PD (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.44-1.29; P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS A later age at menopause was associated with a decreased risk of PD in women, supporting the hypothesis that sex hormones or other factors related to late menopause may be neuroprotective in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia DJ Kusters
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aline Duarte Folle
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Keener
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeff M. Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet S. Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina M. Lill
- Translational Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beate R. Ritz
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Wang M, Kartsonaki C, Guo Y, Lv J, Gan W, Chen ZM, Li LM, Hu CG, Yang L, Yu M. Factors related to age at natural menopause in China: results from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Menopause 2021; 28:1130-1142. [PMID: 34342284 PMCID: PMC8462451 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially modifiable factors affecting age at natural menopause (ANM) in Chinese women. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study which that recruited 0.5 million (0.3 million women) Chinese adults aged 30 to 79 from 2004 to 2008. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between ANM and various factors recorded at baseline. RESULTS Among 87,349 postmenopausal women, the mean ANM (SD) was 48.7 (4.3) years. Older age, being a housewife, earlier menarche, and passive smoking were associated with both premature menopause (PM, ie, ANM <40 years) and early menopause (EM, ie, ANM between 40 and 44 years). A higher odds for EM was observed in women who were widowed (odds ratio: 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.16), had spontaneous abortions (1.33 [1.05-1.69]), current regular smoking (1.19 [1.07-1.37]), and frequent spicy food intake (1.11 [1.05-1.08]). Higher socioeconomic status; later first birth; more live births and induced abortions; longer breastfeeding; tea drinking, as well as intakes of meat, fruits, dairy, and soybean products; and increased body mass index gain were inversely associated with PM and/or EM. In contrast, women who had more pregnancies, occasional alcohol drinking, higher levels of physical activity or body mass index, vitamin intake, and hypertension were more likely to have a later age at menopause (LM, ie, ANM ≥53 years). CONCLUSIONS This large epidemiological study found a wide range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary, and reproductive factors related to PM, EM, and LM in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Li-Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Gao Hu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Schon SB, Raja N, Xu M, Cameron H, Yang K, Reynolds J, Fenner D, Marsh EE. Establishing a reproductive biorepository for basic and translational research: experience developing the reproductive subjects registry and sample repository. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2097-2105. [PMID: 33786733 PMCID: PMC8417183 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report experience designing and establishing a reproductive registry and sample biorepository and to describe initial subject characteristics and biospecimens. METHODS Beginning in December 2017, patients presenting for reproductive care at the University of Michigan were approached for study enrollment. Following consent, subjects completed detailed reproductive and health questionnaires. A variety of reproductive specimens and tissues were collected and processed for multiple downstream applications. RESULTS Subject enrollment began in December of 2017. There are currently 1798 subjects enrolled. Female participants report a variety of reproductive disorders. Available samples include semen, sperm, follicular fluid, granulosa cells, immature oocytes, ovarian and uterine tissue, and blood samples. CONCLUSION We report the successful establishment of a reproductive registry and sample biorepository. Furthermore, we describe methods for collection and storage of a variety of reproductive tissue processed for multiple downstream translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B Schon
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nicholas Raja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heather Cameron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jayne Reynolds
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dee Fenner
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica E Marsh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Ruth KS, Day FR, Hussain J, Martínez-Marchal A, Aiken CE, Azad A, Thompson DJ, Knoblochova L, Abe H, Tarry-Adkins JL, Gonzalez JM, Fontanillas P, Claringbould A, Bakker OB, Sulem P, Walters RG, Terao C, Turon S, Horikoshi M, Lin K, Onland-Moret NC, Sankar A, Hertz EPT, Timshel PN, Shukla V, Borup R, Olsen KW, Aguilera P, Ferrer-Roda M, Huang Y, Stankovic S, Timmers PRHJ, Ahearn TU, Alizadeh BZ, Naderi E, Andrulis IL, Arnold AM, Aronson KJ, Augustinsson A, Bandinelli S, Barbieri CM, Beaumont RN, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Benonisdottir S, Bergmann S, Bochud M, Boerwinkle E, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Boomsma DI, Bowker N, Brody JA, Broer L, Buring JE, Campbell A, Campbell H, Castelao JE, Catamo E, Chanock SJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Ciullo M, Corre T, Couch FJ, Cox A, Crisponi L, Cross SS, Cucca F, Czene K, Smith GD, de Geus EJCN, de Mutsert R, De Vivo I, Demerath EW, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eriksson M, Esko T, Fasching PA, Faul JD, Ferrucci L, Franceschini N, Frayling TM, Gago-Dominguez M, Mezzavilla M, García-Closas M, Gieger C, Giles GG, Grallert H, Gudbjartsson DF, Gudnason V, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hayward C, He C, He W, Heiss G, Høffding MK, Hopper JL, Hottenga JJ, Hu F, Hunter D, Ikram MA, Jackson RD, Joaquim MDR, John EM, Joshi PK, Karasik D, Kardia SLR, Kartsonaki C, Karlsson R, Kitahara CM, Kolcic I, Kooperberg C, Kraft P, Kurian AW, Kutalik Z, La Bianca M, LaChance G, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Laven JSE, Lawlor DA, Le Marchand L, Li J, Lindblom A, Lindstrom S, Lindstrom T, Linet M, Liu Y, Liu S, Luan J, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Mangino M, Mannermaa A, Marco B, Marten J, Martin NG, Mbarek H, McKnight B, Medland SE, Meisinger C, Meitinger T, Menni C, Metspalu A, Milani L, Milne RL, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Mulas A, Mulligan AM, Murray A, Nalls MA, Newman A, Noordam R, Nutile T, Nyholt DR, Olshan AF, Olsson H, Painter JN, Patel AV, Pedersen NL, Perjakova N, Peters A, Peters U, Pharoah PDP, Polasek O, Porcu E, Psaty BM, Rahman I, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Ridker PM, Ring SM, Robino A, Rose LM, Rosendaal FR, Rossouw J, Rudan I, Rueedi R, Ruggiero D, Sala CF, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Sanna S, Sawyer EJ, Sarnowski C, Schlessinger D, Schmidt MK, Schoemaker MJ, Schraut KE, Scott C, Shekari S, Shrikhande A, Smith AV, Smith BH, Smith JA, Sorice R, Southey MC, Spector TD, Spinelli JJ, Stampfer M, Stöckl D, van Meurs JBJ, Strauch K, Styrkarsdottir U, Swerdlow AJ, Tanaka T, Teras LR, Teumer A, Þorsteinsdottir U, Timpson NJ, Toniolo D, Traglia M, Troester MA, Truong T, Tyrrell J, Uitterlinden AG, Ulivi S, Vachon CM, Vitart V, Völker U, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Wang Q, Wareham NJ, Weinberg CR, Weir DR, Wilcox AN, van Dijk KW, Willemsen G, Wilson JF, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wolk A, Wood AR, Zhao W, Zygmunt M, Chen Z, Li L, Franke L, Burgess S, Deelen P, Pers TH, Grøndahl ML, Andersen CY, Pujol A, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Daniel JA, Stefansson K, Chang-Claude J, van der Schouw YT, Lunetta KL, Chasman DI, Easton DF, Visser JA, Ozanne SE, Namekawa SH, Solc P, Murabito JM, Ong KK, Hoffmann ER, Murray A, Roig I, Perry JRB. Genetic insights into biological mechanisms governing human ovarian ageing. Nature 2021; 596:393-397. [PMID: 34349265 PMCID: PMC7611832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive longevity is essential for fertility and influences healthy ageing in women1,2, but insights into its underlying biological mechanisms and treatments to preserve it are limited. Here we identify 290 genetic determinants of ovarian ageing, assessed using normal variation in age at natural menopause (ANM) in about 200,000 women of European ancestry. These common alleles were associated with clinical extremes of ANM; women in the top 1% of genetic susceptibility have an equivalent risk of premature ovarian insufficiency to those carrying monogenic FMR1 premutations3. The identified loci implicate a broad range of DNA damage response (DDR) processes and include loss-of-function variants in key DDR-associated genes. Integration with experimental models demonstrates that these DDR processes act across the life-course to shape the ovarian reserve and its rate of depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that experimental manipulation of DDR pathways highlighted by human genetics increases fertility and extends reproductive life in mice. Causal inference analyses using the identified genetic variants indicate that extending reproductive life in women improves bone health and reduces risk of type 2 diabetes, but increases the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms that govern ovarian ageing, when they act, and how they might be targeted by therapeutic approaches to extend fertility and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jazib Hussain
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Martínez-Marchal
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ajuna Azad
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucie Knoblochova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hironori Abe
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Martin Gonzalez
- Transgenic Core Facility, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Olivier B Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sandra Turon
- Transgenic Animal Unit, Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aditya Sankar
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Peter Thrane Hertz
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal N Timshel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vallari Shukla
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rehannah Borup
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina W Olsen
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Paula Aguilera
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla -Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mònica Ferrer-Roda
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yan Huang
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elnaz Naderi
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Caterina M Barbieri
- Genetics of Common Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Bowker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie E Buring
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eulalia Catamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kamila Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesotta, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Population and Medical Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chunyan He
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Miya K Høffding
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jouke J Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Micaella D R Joaquim
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Karasik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina La Bianca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Genevieve LaChance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tricia Lindstrom
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martha Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - YongMei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest, NC, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brumat Marco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insititute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insititute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Central Hospital of Augsburg, MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna M Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insititute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Perjakova
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Gen-Info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- Women's Health Initiative Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Cinzia F Sala
- Genetics of Common Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saleh Shekari
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amruta Shrikhande
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population and Health Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doris Stöckl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Unnur Þorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Genetics of Common Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Traglia
- Genetics of Common Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amber N Wilcox
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Grøndahl
- Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Pujol
- Transgenic Animal Unit, Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Andres J Lopez-Contreras
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla -Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Jeremy A Daniel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Petr Solc
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Human Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Ignasi Roig
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Searching for female reproductive aging and longevity biomarkers. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16873-16894. [PMID: 34156973 PMCID: PMC8266318 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive aging is, in a way, a biological phenomenon that develops along canonical molecular pathways; however, it has particular features. Recent studies revealed complexity of the interconnections between reproductive aging and aging of other systems, and even suggested a cause-effect uncertainty between them. It was also shown that reproductive aging can impact aging processes in an organism at the level of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Women at the end of their reproductive lives are characterized by the accelerated incidence of age-related diseases. Timing of the onset of menarche and menopause and variability in the duration of reproductive life carry a latent social risk: not having enough information about the reproductive potential, women keep on postponing childbirth. Identification and use of the most accurate and sensitive aging biomarkers enable the prediction of menopause timing and quantification of the true biological and reproductive ages of an organism. We discuss current views on reproductive aging and peculiarities of using available biomarkers of aging. We also consider latest advances in the search for potential genetic markers of reproductive aging. Finally, we posit the importance of determining the female biological age and highlight potential research directions in this area.
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Qi T, Huang Y, Li S, Ying Q, Jiang Z, Ma L, Li C, Chen P, Xu W, Lan Y, Chu K, Xu L, Lou J, Yu W, Zhou J. Associations of age at natural menopause and occupations in Chinese female workers: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110776. [PMID: 33516685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of occupation types on age at natural menopause. METHODS This is a nation-wide cross-sectional study based on 17,948 female workers aged over 40, who come from different industries or organizations. A face-to-face standardized questionnaire was conducted in all participants with the help of occupational hygienists. Occupational titles were coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (2008) (ISCO08). Cox regression model was used to assess the association between each independent occupation and menopausal timing. Models were adjusted for marriage, education, average annual family income, parity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption. RESULTS Higher risks of earlier age at natural menopause was found among legislators and senior officials (ISCO Minor group:111, HR = 2.328, P < 0.001), among other health associated professionals (ISCO Minor group: 325, HR = 1.477, P = 0.003), the workers involved in mining and mineral processing (ISCO Minor group: 811, HR = 1.515, P = 0.048) and metal processing and finishing (ISCO Minor group: 812, HR = 1.722, P < 0.001). Reduced risks of earlier age at natural menopause, including: finance professionals (ISCO Minor group: 241, HR = 0.751, P = 0.021), manufacturing and construction supervisors (ISCO Minor group: 312, HR = 0.477, P = 0.002), administrative and specialized secretaries (ISCO Minor group: 334, HR = 0.788, P = 0.045), cleaners and helpers (ISCO Minor group: 911, HR = 0.633, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to address the influence of occupation types on reproductive aging, showing some specific occupations could be associated with age at natural menopause. Further investigations are necessary to clarify whether it is chance finding or a true association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyun Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- Institute of Occupational Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjuan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqiong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Lan
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketan Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Maternal and Child Care and Reproductive Health Center, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Occupational Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlan Yu
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Bjelland EK, Gran JM, Hofvind S, Eskild A. The association of birthweight with age at natural menopause: a population study of women in Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:528-536. [PMID: 31633179 PMCID: PMC7266529 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggest that birthweight may influence age at natural menopause, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association of birthweight with age at natural menopause. Methods A retrospective population study of 164 608 women in Norway, aged 48–71 years. Data were obtained by two self-administered questionnaires among participants in BreastScreen Norway during 2006–2014. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios and logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios of menopause according to birthweight. Restricted cubic splines were applied to allow for possible non-linear associations, and adjustments were made for year and country of birth. Results Women with birthweight <2500 g were median 51 years at menopause (interquartile range 49–54 years), whereas women with birthweight 3500–3999 g were median 52 years at menopause (interquartile range 49–54 years). The hazard ratio of menopause decreased with increasing birthweight up until 3500 g. At birthweights >3500 g, we estimated no further decrease (P for non-linearity = 0.007). Birthweight at 2500 g increased the odds ratios of menopause before the age of 45 [1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.25] and the age of 40 (1.26; 95% CI: 1.15–1.38) compared with birthweight at 3500 g. At birthweights 4000 g and 4500 g, the odds ratio estimates were very similar to the reference group and the CIs overlapped 1.00. Conclusions We found a non-linear dose-relationship of birthweight with age at natural menopause, and low birthweight was associated with early natural menopause. Our findings suggest that growth restriction during fetal life may influence the timing of natural menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth K Bjelland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jon M Gran
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Hofvind
- Department of Mammography Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Eskild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
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21
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Jones G, Trajanoska K, Santanasto AJ, Stringa N, Kuo CL, Atkins JL, Lewis JR, Duong T, Hong S, Biggs ML, Luan J, Sarnowski C, Lunetta KL, Tanaka T, Wojczynski MK, Cvejkus R, Nethander M, Ghasemi S, Yang J, Zillikens MC, Walter S, Sicinski K, Kague E, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Arking DE, Windham BG, Boerwinkle E, Grove ML, Graff M, Spira D, Demuth I, van der Velde N, de Groot LCPGM, Psaty BM, Odden MC, Fohner AE, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Bandinelli S, van Schoor NM, Huisman M, Tan Q, Zmuda J, Mellström D, Karlsson M, Bennett DA, Buchman AS, De Jager PL, Uitterlinden AG, Völker U, Kocher T, Teumer A, Rodriguéz-Mañas L, García FJ, Carnicero JA, Herd P, Bertram L, Ohlsson C, Murabito JM, Melzer D, Kuchel GA, Ferrucci L, Karasik D, Rivadeneira F, Kiel DP, Pilling LC. Genome-wide meta-analysis of muscle weakness identifies 15 susceptibility loci in older men and women. Nat Commun 2021; 12:654. [PMID: 33510174 PMCID: PMC7844411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low muscle strength is an important heritable indicator of poor health linked to morbidity and mortality in older people. In a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 256,523 Europeans aged 60 years and over from 22 cohorts we identify 15 loci associated with muscle weakness (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition: n = 48,596 cases, 18.9% of total), including 12 loci not implicated in previous analyses of continuous measures of grip strength. Loci include genes reportedly involved in autoimmune disease (HLA-DQA1 p = 4 × 10-17), arthritis (GDF5 p = 4 × 10-13), cell cycle control and cancer protection, regulation of transcription, and others involved in the development and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Using Mendelian randomization we report possible overlapping causal pathways, including diabetes susceptibility, haematological parameters, and the immune system. We conclude that muscle weakness in older adults has distinct mechanisms from continuous strength, including several pathways considered to be hallmarks of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garan Jones
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Najada Stringa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Biostatistics Center, Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Janice L Atkins
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School fo Public Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - ThuyVy Duong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shengjun Hong
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Plattform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Cvejkus
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sahar Ghasemi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Walter
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kamil Sicinski
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine/Geriatrics, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Dominik Spira
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, PO-box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle C Odden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Public Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leocadio Rodriguéz-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Getafe University Hospital, Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pamela Herd
- Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Plattform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - George A Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - David Karasik
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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22
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Giri R, Vincent AJ. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency/Early Menopause. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 38:237-246. [PMID: 33434933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause, defined as loss of ovarian activity prior to 40 years or menopause between the ages of 40 and 45 years, respectively, is associated with significant adverse health impacts. Recent data indicate that the prevalence of POI and early menopause is greater than was previously thought, affecting more than 10% of women. Biopsychosocial risk factors including genetic, autoimmune, reproductive, lifestyle, early-life, social/environmental, and iatrogenic have been associated with POI/early menopause or earlier age at menopause. However, establishing a causal role and the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Understanding and clarification of these risk factors will facilitate prevention and risk minimization strategies to optimize women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinky Giri
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J Vincent
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Fraser A, Johnman C, Whitley E, Alvergne A. The evolutionary ecology of age at natural menopause: implications for public health. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2020; 2:e57. [PMID: 34796315 PMCID: PMC7612003 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2020.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary perspectives on menopause have focused on explaining why early reproductive cessation in females has emerged and why it is rare throughout the animal kingdom, but less attention has been given to exploring patterns of diversity in age at natural menopause. In this paper, we aim to generate new hypotheses for understanding human patterns of diversity in this trait, defined as age at final menstrual period. To do so, we develop a multilevel, interdisciplinary framework, combining proximate, physiological understandings of ovarian ageing with ultimate, evolutionary perspectives on ageing. We begin by reviewing known patterns of diversity in age at natural menopause in humans, and highlight issues in how menopause is currently defined and measured. Second, we consider together ultimate explanations of menopause timing and proximate understandings of ovarian ageing. We find that ovarian ageing is highly constrained by ageing of the follicle - the somatic structure containing the oocyte - suggesting that menopause timing might be best understood as a by-product of ageing rather than a facultative adaptation. Third, we investigate whether the determinants of somatic senescence also underpin menopause timing. We show that diversity in age at menopause can be, at least partly, explained by the genetic, ecological and life-history determinants of somatic ageing. The public health implications of rethinking menopause as the by-product rather than the catalyst of biological ageing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Fraser
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cathy Johnman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Elise Whitley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Alexandra Alvergne
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, UK
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, UK
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24
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Brown AMC, Gervais NJ. Role of Ovarian Hormones in the Modulation of Sleep in Females Across the Adult Lifespan. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5879359. [PMID: 32735650 PMCID: PMC7450669 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormones, including 17β-estradiol, are implicated in numerous physiological processes, including sleep. Beginning at puberty, girls report more sleep complaints than boys, which is maintained throughout the reproductive life stage. Sleep problems are exacerbated during the menopausal transition, evidenced by greater risk for sleep disorders. There is emerging evidence that menopause-associated hormone loss contributes to this elevated risk, but age is also an important factor. The extent to which menopause-associated sleep disturbance persists into postmenopause above and beyond the effects of age remains unknown. Untreated sleep disturbances have important implications for cognitive health, as they are emerging as risk factors for dementia. Given that sleep loss impairs memory, an important knowledge gap concerns the role played by menopause-associated hormone loss in exacerbating sleep disturbance and, ultimately, cognitive function in aging women. In this review, we take a translational approach to illustrate the contribution of ovarian hormones in maintaining the sleep-wake cycle in younger and middle-aged females, with evidence implicating 17β-estradiol in supporting the memory-promoting effects of sleep. Sleep physiology is briefly reviewed before turning to behavioral and neural evidence from young females linking 17β-estradiol to sleep-wake cycle maintenance. Implications of menopause-associated 17β-estradiol loss is also reviewed before discussing how ovarian hormones may support the memory-promoting effects of sleep, and why menopause may exacerbate pathological aging via effects on sleep. While still in its infancy, this research area offers a new sex-based perspective on aging research, with a focus on a modifiable risk factor for pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M C Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole J Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Nicole J. Gervais, University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G3. E-mail:
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25
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Association between age at menarche and age at menopause among women of an indigenous population of North Bengal, India. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:319-335. [PMID: 32375912 DOI: 10.1017/s002193202000019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Menarche and menopause are two major components of a woman's reproductive life. Ages at menarche and menopause vary widely between and within populations and are influenced by various factors, both genetic and environmental. The present community-based cross-sectional investigation aimed to assess the association between ages at menarche and natural menopause among women belonging to the indigenous Rajbanshi population of North Bengal, India. The investigation was carried out from January 2015 to May 2015 among 510 Rajbanshi women aged between 45 and 55 years residing in the district of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. A structured schedule was used to collect data on ages at menarche and natural menopause, marital status, parity, education, age of first and last pregnancies, duration of breastfeeding, nature of occupation, health status, smoking and monthly family income. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were recorded and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated. The statistical analyses, which included descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression (BLR), were done using SPSS. The women's mean age of menarche and median age of natural menopause were 12.52 years and 50 years, respectively. The BLR analysis indicated that education, age at first pregnancy had significant effects on the age at natural menopause among women who experienced menarche at <12 years of age (p<0.05). In the case of women who attained menarche at ≥12 years of age, marital status, age at last pregnancy, parity, education, duration of breastfeeding, smoking, occupation, monthly income and BMI had a greater influence on age at natural menopause. There appears to be an indirect association between age at menarche and age at natural menopause, along with different predictor variables, among the Rajbanshi women.
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26
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Laisk T, Tšuiko O, Jatsenko T, Hõrak P, Otala M, Lahdenperä M, Lummaa V, Tuuri T, Salumets A, Tapanainen JS. Demographic and evolutionary trends in ovarian function and aging. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:34-50. [PMID: 30346539 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human female reproductive lifespan is regulated by the dynamics of ovarian function, which in turn is influenced by several factors: from the basic molecular biological mechanisms governing folliculogenesis, to environmental and lifestyle factors affecting the ovarian reserve between conception and menopause. From a broader point of view, global and regional demographic trends play an additional important role in shaping the female reproductive lifespan, and finally, influences on an evolutionary scale have led to the reproductive senescence that precedes somatic senescence in humans. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The narrative review covers reproductive medicine, by integrating the molecular mechanisms of ovarian function and aging with short-term demographic and long-term evolutionary trends. SEARCH METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed with relevant keywords (menopause, folliculogenesis, reproductive aging, reproductive lifespan and life history theory). The reviewed articles and their references were restricted to those written in English. OUTCOMES We discuss and summarize the rapidly accumulating information from large-scale population-based and single-reproductive-cell genomic studies, their constraints and advantages in the context of female reproductive aging as well as their possible evolutionary significance on the life history trajectory from foetal-stage folliculogenesis until cessation of ovarian function in menopause. The relevant environmental and lifestyle factors and demographic trends are also discussed in the framework of predominant evolutionary hypotheses explaining the origin and maintenance of menopause. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The high speed at which new data are generated has so far raised more questions than it has provided solid answers and has been paralleled by a lack of satisfactory interpretations of the findings in the context of human life history theory. Therefore, the recent flood of data could offer an unprecedented tool for future research to possibly confirm or rewrite human evolutionary reproductive history, at the same time providing novel grounds for patient counselling and family planning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Laisk
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Jatsenko
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peeter Hõrak
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marjut Otala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Lahdenperä
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, OYS Oulu, Finland
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Body size at birth, early-life growth and the timing of the menopausal transition and natural menopause. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arnot M, Mace R. Sexual frequency is associated with age of natural menopause: results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191020. [PMID: 32218936 PMCID: PMC7029897 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is often observed that married women have a later age of natural menopause (ANM) than unmarried women; however, the reason for this association is unknown. We test an original hypothesis that sexual frequency acts as a bio-behavioural mediator between marital status and ANM. We hypothesize that there is a trade-off between continued ovulation and menopause based on the woman's chances of becoming pregnant. If a woman is sexually inactive, then pregnancy is impossible, and continued investment in ovulation would not be adaptive. In addition, we test an existing hypothesis that the observed relationship is because of the exposure to male pheromones. Data from 2936 women were drawn from 11 waves of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, which is a longitudinal study conducted in the United States. Using time-varying Cox regression, we found no evidence for the pheromone hypothesis. However, we did observe that women who reported to have sex weekly during the study period were 28% less likely to experience menopause than women who had sex less than monthly. This is an indication that ANM may be somewhat facultative in response to the likelihood of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Arnot
- Author for correspondence: Megan Arnot e-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To delineate the current state of evidence on the impact of night shift work on age at natural menopause. RECENT FINDINGS The only direct evidence is from a single observational study, which indicates that women who work night shifts are at moderately higher risk for earlier menopause and that this risk is more pronounced among younger women. Underlying biological mechanisms have yet to be sufficiently substantiated. A long-held line of inquiry, most strongly propagated by the observed link between night shift work and female breast cancer, is the 'Light at Night' hypothesis, which suggests melatonin-mediated circadian disruption as a potential regulator of reproductive signaling in women. Supporting evidence is found from observations of changes in endogenous melatonin production among night working women or in response to light exposure, and corresponding changes in endogenous ovarian hormone levels and modulated menstrual patterns, among other indications of altered central ovulation-governing processes. Susceptibility to night shift work may be modified by chronotype. SUMMARY This review summarizes the literature related to night work and ovulatory regulation in humans, prioritizing population-based evidence to provide motivation for the study of circadian disruption and night shift work as a regulator of menopausal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stock
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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van der Plaat DA, Pereira M, Pesce G, Potts JF, Amaral AF, Dharmage SC, Garcia-Aymerich JM, Thompson JR, Gómez Real F, Jarvis DL, Minelli C, Leynaert B. Age at menopause and lung function: a Mendelian randomisation study. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.02421-2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02421-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In observational studies, early menopause is associated with lower forced vital capacity (FVC) and a higher risk of spirometric restriction, but not airflow obstruction. It is, however, unclear if this association is causal. We therefore used a Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach, which is not affected by classical confounding, to assess the effect of age at natural menopause on lung function.We included 94 742 naturally post-menopausal women from the UK Biobank and performed MR analyses on the effect of age at menopause on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC, FEV1/FVC, spirometric restriction (FVC<lower limit of normal (LLN)) and airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC<LLN). We used the inverse variance-weighted method, as well as methods that adjust for pleiotropy, and compared MR with observational analyses.The MR analyses showed higher FEV1/FVC and a 15% lower risk of airflow obstruction for women with early (<45 years) compared to normal (45–55 years) menopause. Despite some evidence of pleiotropy, the results were consistent when using MR methods robust to pleiotropy. Similar results were found among never- and ever-smokers, while the protective effect seemed less strong in women who had ever used menopause hormone treatment and in overweight women. There was no strong evidence of an association with FVC or spirometric restriction. In observational analyses of the same dataset, early menopause was associated with a pronounced reduction in FVC and a 13% higher risk of spirometric restriction.Our MR results suggest that early menopause has a protective effect on airflow obstruction. Further studies are warranted to better understand the inconsistency with observational findings, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms and role of female sex hormones.
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Mishra GD, Chung HF, Cano A, Chedraui P, Goulis DG, Lopes P, Mueck A, Rees M, Senturk LM, Simoncini T, Stevenson JC, Stute P, Tuomikoski P, Lambrinoudaki I. EMAS position statement: Predictors of premature and early natural menopause. Maturitas 2019; 123:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Stock D, Knight JA, Raboud J, Cotterchio M, Strohmaier S, Willett W, Eliassen AH, Rosner B, Hankinson SE, Schernhammer E. Rotating night shift work and menopausal age. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:539-548. [PMID: 30753548 PMCID: PMC7210710 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How are rotating night shift schedules associated with age at menopause among a large, national cohort of shift working nurses? SUMMARY ANSWER Our findings suggest that working rotating night shifts with sufficient frequency may modestly accelerate reproductive senescence among women who may already be predisposed to earlier menopause. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Younger age at menopause has been associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes, particularly those linked to reproduction. Night work has been associated with reproductive dysfunction, including disruption of menstrual cycle patterns. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cohort study was conducted among 80 840 women of the Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2), with prospective follow-up from 1991 through 2013. Loss-to-follow-up of the NHS2 is estimated to be <10%. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We assessed the association between cumulative and current rotating night shift work and age at natural menopause over 22 years of follow-up (1991-2013). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for menopause, adjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Over follow-up, 27 456 women (34%) reached natural menopause. Women who worked 20 or more months of rotating night shifts in the prior 2-year had an increased risk of earlier menopause (multivariable-adjusted (MV)-HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16) compared to women without rotating night shift work. This risk was stronger among women undergoing menopause or otherwise censored under age 45 years (MV-HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46), than it was for those continuing in the study when >45 years old (MV-HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.13). Working 10 or more years of cumulative rotating night work was also associated with higher risk of menopause among women reaching menopause under age 45 (MV-HR10-19 years = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.44; MV-HR≥20 years = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.90-3.35), though not over the age of 45 years (MV-HR10-19 years = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99-1.10; MV-HR≥20 years = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.89-1.15). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The degree to which observed effects of rotating night shifts on age at natural menopause are due to circadian disruption, rather than fatigue and stress associated with working more demanding schedules, is uncertain due to potential residual confounding by these factors. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to assess the effects of night work on menopausal timing among a larger national cohort of shift working women. Women already prone to earlier menopause may further truncate their reproductive lifetime by working schedules comprising day as well as night shifts. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by Center for Disease Control and Prevention/The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Grant 5R01OH009803 (PI: Schernhammer E), as well as UM1 CA176726 from the National Institute of Health. The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the article; and decision to submit the article for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stock
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - J A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Raboud
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Cotterchio
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Strohmaier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A H Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - E Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gomes CS, Pirkle CM, Barbosa JFS, Vafaei A, Câmara SMA, Guerra RO. Age at First Birth, Parity and History of Hysterectomy Are Associated to Frailty Status: Cross-Sectional Analysis from the International Mobility in Aging Study -Imias. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2018; 33:337-354. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-018-9360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cejtin HE, Evans CT, Greenblatt R, Minkoff H, Weber KM, Wright R, Colie C, Golub E, Massad LS. Prolonged Amenorrhea and Resumption of Menses in Women with HIV. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1441-1448. [PMID: 30222490 PMCID: PMC6306666 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare etiologies of prolonged amenorrhea in a cohort of HIV-infected women with a cohort of similar uninfected at-risk women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were seen every 6 months, and completed surveys including questions about their menstruation. Those who reported no vaginal bleeding for at least 1 year ("prolonged amenorrhea") with subsequent resumption of bleeding were compared with women in whom bleeding had stopped permanently ("menopause"). Characteristics associated with reversible prolonged amenorrhea were ascertained. RESULTS Of 828 women with prolonged amenorrhea, 37.6% had reversible amenorrhea and 62.4% never resumed menses. HIV-seropositive women with prolonged amenorrhea were significantly younger at cessation of menses than HIV-negative women (p < 0.0001). Of those with reversible prolonged amenorrhea, approximately half were taking medications associated with amenorrhea, including 95 (30.6%) hormonal contraception, 80 (25.7%) opiates/stimulants, 16 (5.1%) psychotropic medications, and 6 (1.9%) chemotherapy. HIV-seropositive women were less likely to have medications as a cause of amenorrhea than seronegative women (p = 0.02). In multivariable analysis, women with reversible prolonged amenorrhea of unknown etiology were younger (p < 0.0001), more often obese (p = 0.03), and less educated (p = 0.01) than those with permanent amenorrhea. Among HIV-seropositive women, markers of severe immunosuppression were not associated with prolonged amenorrhea. CONCLUSION Women with HIV infection have unexplained prolonged amenorrhea more often than at-risk seronegative women. This is especially common among obese, less-educated women. Prolonged amenorrhea in the HIV-seropositive women should be evaluated and not be presumed to be to the result of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Cejtin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charlesnika T. Evans
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Healthcare Studies Northwestern University and Department of Veterans Affairs, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth Greenblatt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- Cook County Health and Hospitals System/Hektoen Institute of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rodney Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Christine Colie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University, District of Columbia, Washington
| | - Elizabeth Golub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - L. Stewart Massad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Bjelland EK, Hofvind S, Byberg L, Eskild A. The relation of age at menarche with age at natural menopause: a population study of 336 788 women in Norway. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:1149-1157. [PMID: 29635353 PMCID: PMC5972645 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is age at menarche associated with age at menopause or with duration of the reproductive period (interval between menarche and menopause)? SUMMARY ANSWER The association of age at menarche with age at menopause was weak and non-linear, and the duration of the reproductive period decreased by increasing age at menarche. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY It remains uncertain whether age at menarche is associated with age at menopause. Some studies report that women with early menarche also have early menopause. Other studies report that women with early menarche have late menopause, or they report no association. The duration of the reproductive period may be an indicator of the cumulative endogenous exposure to estrogens and progestogens during life course and is associated with risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective cohort study of 336 788 women, aged 48-71 years, in the BreastScreen Norway during the years 2006-2014 was performed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Information about age at menarche and menopausal status was obtained by self-administered questionnaires. We used time to event approaches to estimate the associations. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Median age at menopause was 51 years in most menarche groups. Women with menarche at age 16 years or age ≥ 17 years had menopause 1 year later [median: 52 years, interquartile range (IQR): 49-54 years] than women with menarche at age 13 years (median: 51 years, IQR: 49-54 years, reference) (crude hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.97 and 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, Pnon-linearity < 0.001). The reproductive period decreased with increasing age at menarche (Pnon-linearity < 0.001), and women with menarche at age ≤ 9 years had 9 years longer median reproductive period than women with menarche at age ≥ 17 years (median: 43 versus 34 years). Adjustment for year of birth did not change the HR estimates notably. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Information about age at menarche and age at menopause was based on self-reports. Particularly for age at menarche, the long time interval between the event and data collection may have caused imprecise reporting. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study suggests that age at menarche is a strong indicator for the duration of women's reproductive period. Our findings should encourage studies of the independent role of duration of the reproductive period on the risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer, since these cancers have been associated with exposure to estrogens and progestogens. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The present study was funded by the Norwegian Cancer Society [Grant number 6863294-2015]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Bjelland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, SE-75122 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Hofvind
- Department of Mammography Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, P.O. Box 5313, Majorstuen, N-0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - L Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, SE-75122 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Eskild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1000, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway
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Bleil ME, English P, Valle J, Woods NF, Crowder KD, Gregorich SE, Cedars MI. Is in utero exposure to maternal socioeconomic disadvantage related to offspring ovarian reserve in adulthood? Womens Midlife Health 2018; 4:5. [PMID: 30766715 PMCID: PMC6297989 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-018-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the ovarian follicle pool is established in utero, adverse exposures during this period may be especially impactful on the size and health of the initial follicle endowment, potentially shaping trajectories of ovarian follicle loss and the eventual onset of menopause. Building on a robust literature linking socioeconomic status (SES) and menopausal timing, the current study examined adverse prenatal exposures related to maternal SES, hypothesizing that greater maternal socioeconomic disadvantage would be associated with lower ovarian reserve in the adult offspring. METHODS In a healthy, community-based sub-sample (n = 350) of reproductive age participants in the OVA Study (2006-2011), prenatal maternal SES was examined in relation to two biomarkers of ovarian reserve, antimullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC). Prenatal maternal SES was assessed indirectly using maternal addresses abstracted from participant birth certificates, geocoded, and linked to US Census-derived variables, including neighborhood-level characteristics: education (% of individuals with a HS diploma); poverty (% of families below the poverty line); unemployment (% of individuals > 16 years who are unemployed); and income (median family income). RESULTS In separate covariate-adjusted linear regression models (following the backward elimination of main effects with P > .10), greater maternal neighborhood education was related to higher ovarian reserve as marked by higher levels of offspring AMH (beta = .142, P < .001) and AFC (beta = .092, P < .10) with models accounting for 19.6% and 21.5% of the variance in AMH and AFC, respectively. In addition, greater maternal neighborhood poverty was related to lower ovarian reserve as marked by lower offspring AMH (beta = -.144, P < .01), with the model accounting for 19.5% of the variance in AMH. CONCLUSIONS Maternal socioeconomic disadvantage measured indirectly at the neighborhood level was associated with lower ovarian reserve among the adult offspring, independently of offspring SES and other potential confounding factors. This suggests SES-related adversity exposures may have a detrimental impact on the size or health of the initial follicle endowment, leading to accelerated follicle loss over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Bleil
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357262, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Paul English
- California Department of Public Health, California Environmental Health Tracking Program, Richmond, CA 94804 USA
| | - Jhaqueline Valle
- California Department of Public Health, California Environmental Health Tracking Program, Richmond, CA 94804 USA
| | - Nancy F. Woods
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Kyle D. Crowder
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Steven E. Gregorich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Marcelle I. Cedars
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Adekunbi DA, Li XF, Li S, Adegoke OA, Iranloye BO, Morakinyo AO, Lightman SL, Taylor PD, Poston L, O’Byrne KT. Role of amygdala kisspeptin in pubertal timing in female rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183596. [PMID: 28846730 PMCID: PMC5573137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism by which maternal obesity disrupts reproductive function in offspring, we examined Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei, and posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) of pre-pubertal and young adult offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard or energy-dense diet for six weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto normal diet on postnatal day (pnd) 21. Brains were collected on pnd 30 or 100 for qRT-PCR to determine Kiss1 mRNA levels. Maternal obesity increased Kiss1 mRNA expression in the MePD of pre-pubertal male and female offspring, whereas Kiss1 expression was not affected in the ARC or AVPV at this age. Maternal obesity reduced Kiss1 expression in all three brain regions of 3 month old female offspring, but only in MePD of males. The role of MePD kisspeptin on puberty, estrous cyclicity and preovulatory LH surges was assessed directly in a separate group of post-weanling and young adult female rats exposed to a normal diet throughout their life course. Bilateral intra-MePD cannulae connected to osmotic mini-pumps for delivery of kisspeptin receptor antagonist (Peptide 234 for 14 days) were chronically implanted on pnd 21 or 100. Antagonism of MePD kisspeptin delayed puberty onset, disrupted estrous cyclicity and reduced the incidence of LH surges. These data show that the MePD plays a key role in pubertal timing and ovulation and that maternal obesity may act via amygdala kisspeptin signaling to influence reproductive function in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Adekunbi
- Division of Women’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Xiao Feng Li
- Division of Women’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shengyun Li
- Division of Women’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olufeyi A. Adegoke
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle O. Iranloye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele O. Morakinyo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Taylor
- Division of Women’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin T. O’Byrne
- Division of Women’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Agaba P, Meloni S, Sule H, Ocheke A, Agaba E, Idoko J, Kanki P. Factors associated with early menopause among women in Nigeria. J Virus Erad 2017; 3:145-151. [PMID: 28758022 PMCID: PMC5518243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Effective antiretroviral therapy has prolonged the survival of patients with HIV. Accordingly, studies of the consequences of ageing are increasingly important. We determined the prevalence of early menopause (EM) and its associated factors in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-negative controls in Jos, Nigeria. METHODS HIV-infected women accessing care in an ambulatory setting and their negative counterparts from the general population were included. Menopause was defined as having gone one year since the last menstrual period. EM was defined as the onset of menopause at ≤45 years of age. Baseline characteristics were compared and logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors independently associated with EM. RESULTS Out of a total of 253 women included, 58 attained menopause early, giving an EM prevalence of 22.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9-28.6%). Women with EM were younger (P<0.001) and had been infected with HIV for a shorter period (P=0.007). Baseline CD4+ cell count (P=0.66) and viral load (P=0.15) were similar among those with and without EM. For all subjects, HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR}=10.95, 95% CI 1.39-86.33) and sexual activity (AOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.24-4.52) were associated with EM while early menarche (AOR=14.88, 95% CI 1.37-161.10) and sexual activity (AOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.03-3.96) were independently associated with EM. CONCLUSION Over a quarter of our postmenopausal women attained menopause early. No HIV-related factor predicted EM in this study. A better understanding of ageing in these women is important to determine a more appropriate disease-management approach during this period of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Agaba
- Department of Family Medicine,
University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Nigeria,APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Jos,
Nigeria,Corresponding author: Patricia A Agaba,
Department of Family Medicine,
University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital,
2 Murtela Mohammed Way,
PMB 2076,
Jos,
Plateau State,
Nigeria
,
| | - Seema Meloni
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases,
Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health,
Boston,
MA,
USA
| | - Halima Sule
- Department of Family Medicine,
University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Nigeria,APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Jos,
Nigeria
| | - Amaka Ocheke
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Agaba
- Department of Medicine,
University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Nigeria
| | - John Idoko
- Department of Medicine,
University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital,
Nigeria
| | - Phyllis Kanki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases,
Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health,
Boston,
MA,
USA
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Agaba P, Meloni S, Sule H, Ocheke A, Agaba E, Idoko J, Kanki P. Factors associated with early menopause among women in Nigeria. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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40
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Bartlewski PM, Giffin JL, Oluwole OA, Hahnel AC. Prospective ultrasonographic and endocrine predictors of spermatogenic onset in ram lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 179:44-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Xu B, Chen Y, Xiong J, Lu N, Tan X. Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Hypertension, Diabetes and LQTc in Chinese Women. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42803. [PMID: 28211485 PMCID: PMC5314360 DOI: 10.1038/srep42803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of female reproductive factors (FRFs) with cardiovascular risk factors among different population was variable and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine the association between FRFs and hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and long heart-rate-corrected QT interval (LQTc) in Chinese post-menopausal women (Post-MW). A total of 8046 Post-MW from the China Chaoshan Biobank Cohort Study were included for analysis. Logistic regression and general linear regression models were used to estimate the association between FRFs and hypertension, DM, and LQTc. Compared with women with 0 or 1 live birth, increasing risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.96), DM (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.22), and LQTc (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-2.09) were observed in women who had five or more live births. Further analysis demonstrated that the association between parity and hypertension, DM, and LQTc was mediated by lifestyle and dyslipidemia. Women with more live births had increased body mass index and waist circumstance, and were inclined to consume more salty food, animal fat, and alcohol, but less meat, vegetable, fish, plant oil, and tea, compared with that had fewer live births (all P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Koukouliata A, Nena E, Koutlaki N, Liberis V, Constantinidis TC. Correlation of age at natural menopause with occupational status and other epidemiologic factors in women from Prefecture of Kavala, Greece. Hippokratia 2017; 21:32-37. [PMID: 29904254 PMCID: PMC5997029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Aim of this study was to explore possible associations between the timing of natural menopause and occupational status and other determinant epidemiologic factors among women living in the Prefecture of Kavala, a region of North-East Greece. METHODS The sample of the study comprised of 827 naturally menopausal women, who consented to participate in this questionnaire-based interview study between 2011 and 2016. The study population was recruited from women who were hospitalized or visited the outpatient clinics of the General Hospital of Kavala and women working in the public sector services and private companies in the Prefecture of Kavala. RESULTS The mean age of the sample at natural menopause was 49.1 years; 12.2 % had early menopause, and 4.5 % were diagnosed with premature ovarian failure. For the majority of enrolled women (80.5 %) menopause occurred between 45-54 years, and for the rest (2.8 %) after 54 years of age. In univariate analysis, a statistically significant correlation was found between age at menopause and occupational status, year of birth, mother's age at menopause, age at menarche, and high levels of chronic stress. Multiple regression analysis revealed that occupational status, year of birth and mother's natural menopausal age could predict age at menopause. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic, demographic and familial variables appear to be associated with age at natural menopause in a representative sample of women in the Prefecture of Kavala, Greece. HIPPOKRATIA 2017, 21(1): 32-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koukouliata
- Postgraduate Programme "Health and Safety in Workplace", Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - E Nena
- Postgraduate Programme "Health and Safety in Workplace", Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - N Koutlaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - V Liberis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - T C Constantinidis
- Postgraduate Programme "Health and Safety in Workplace", Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Links between reproductive factors and general health. Menopause 2017; 24:5-6. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biobanking of different body fluids within the frame of IVF-a standard operating procedure to improve reproductive biology research. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 34:283-290. [PMID: 27889868 PMCID: PMC5306411 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the collection, transport, and storage of human cumulus cells, follicular fluid, blood serum, seminal plasma, embryo culture supernatant, and embryo culture supernatant control obtained within the IVF process under approved protocols and written informed consent from participating patients. The SOP was developed at the Kinderwunsch Institut Schenk, Dobl, Austria, together with Biobank Graz of the Medical University of Graz, Austria. Methods The SOP provides comprehensive details of laboratory procedures and sampling of the different fluids within the IVF process. Furthermore, information on sample coding, references of involved laboratory techniques (e.g., oocyte retrieval with a Steiner-TAN needle), ethical approvals, and biobanking procedures are presented. Results The result of the present study is a standard operating procedure. Conclusions The SOP ensures a professional way for collection and scientific use of IVF samples by the Kinderwunsch Institut Schenk, Dobl, Austria, and Biobank Graz of the Medical University of Graz, Austria. It can be used as a template for other institutions to unify specimen collection procedures in the field of reproductive health research.
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