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Kieronska-Rudek A, Kij A, Bar A, Kurpinska A, Mohaissen T, Grosicki M, Stojak M, Sternak M, Buczek E, Proniewski B, Kuś K, Suraj-Prazmowska J, Panek A, Pietrowska M, Zapotoczny S, Shanahan CM, Szabo C, Chlopicki S. Phylloquinone improves endothelial function, inhibits cellular senescence, and vascular inflammation. GeroScience 2024; 46:4909-4935. [PMID: 38980631 PMCID: PMC11336140 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phylloquinon (PK) and menaquinones (MK) are both naturally occurring compounds belonging to vitamin K group. Present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the influence of PK in several models of vascular dysfunction to determine whether PK has vasoprotective properties, similar to those previously described for MK. Effects of PK and MK on endothelial dysfunction were studied in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice in vivo, in the isolated aorta incubated with TNF, and in vascular cells as regard inflammation and cell senescence (including replicative and stress-induced models of senescence). Moreover, the vascular conversion of exogenous vitamins to endogenous MK-4 was analyzed. PK, as well as MK, given for 8 weeks in diet (10 mg/kg) resulted in comparable improvement in endothelial function in the ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Similarly, PK and MK prevented TNF-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the isolated aorta. In in vitro studies in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, we identified that both PK and MK displayed anti-senescence effects via decreasing DNA damage while in endothelial cells anti-inflammatory activity was ascribed to the modulation of NFκB activation. The activity of PK and MK was comparable in terms of their effect on senescence and inflammation. Presence of endogenous synthesis of MK-4 from PK in aorta and endothelial and smooth muscle cells suggests a possible involvement of MK in vascular effects of PK. In conclusion, PK and MK display comparable vasoprotective effects, which may be ascribed, at least in part, to the inhibition of cell senescence and inflammation. The vasoprotective effect of PK in the vessel wall can be related to the direct effects of PK, as well as to the action of MK formed from PK in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prazmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Centre for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Teixeira N, Jimenes D, Schultz C, Almeida D, Mathias P, Berti J. Moderate-intensity continuous training reduces triglyceridemia and improves oxygen consumption in dyslipidemic apoCIII transgenic mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13202. [PMID: 39082576 PMCID: PMC11290816 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate metabolism modulation and dyslipidemia in genetic dyslipidemic mice through physical exercise. Thirty-four male C57Bl/6 mice aged 15 months were divided into non-transgenic (NTG) and transgenic overexpressing apoCIII (CIII) groups. After treadmill adaptation, the trained groups (NTG Ex and CIII Ex) underwent an effort test to determine running performance and assess oxygen consumption (V̇O2), before and after the training protocol. The exercised groups went through an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program, consisting of 40 min of treadmill running at 60% of the peak velocity achieved in the test, three times per week. At the end of the training, animals were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for ex vivo analysis. ApoCIII overexpression led to hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.0001) and higher concentrations of total plasma cholesterol (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (P<0.0001) in the animals. Furthermore, the transgenic mice exhibited increased adipose mass (P<0.05) and higher V̇O2peak compared to their NTG controls (P<0.0001). Following the exercise protocol, MICT decreased triglyceridemia and cholesterol levels in dyslipidemic animals (P<0.05), and reduced adipocyte size (P<0.05), increased muscular glycogen (P<0.001), and improved V̇O2 in all trained animals (P<0.0001). These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of moderate and continuous exercise training, a feasible non-pharmacological intervention, on the metabolic profile of genetically dyslipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D.R. Jimenes
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - C. Schultz
- Departamento de Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D.L. Almeida
- Laboratório Experimental em DOHaD, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - P.C.F. Mathias
- Laboratório Experimental em DOHaD, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J.A. Berti
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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3
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Berkowicz P, Totoń-Żurańska J, Kwiatkowski G, Jasztal A, Csípő T, Kus K, Tyrankiewicz U, Orzyłowska A, Wołkow P, Tóth A, Chlopicki S. Accelerated ageing and coronary microvascular dysfunction in chronic heart failure in Tgαq*44 mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:1619-1648. [PMID: 36692592 PMCID: PMC10400753 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age represents a major risk factor in heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms linking ageing and HF are not clear. We aimed to identify the functional, morphological and transcriptomic changes that could be attributed to cardiac ageing in a model of slowly progressing HF in Tgαq*44 mice in reference to the cardiac ageing process in FVB mice. In FVB mice, ageing resulted in the impairment of diastolic cardiac function and in basal coronary flow (CF), perivascular and interstitial fibrosis without changes in the cardiac activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or aldosterone plasma concentration. In Tgαq*44 mice, HF progression was featured by the impairment of systolic and diastolic cardiac function and in basal CF that was associated with a distinct rearrangement of the capillary architecture, pronounced perivascular and interstitial fibrosis, progressive activation of cardiac ACE and systemic angiotensin-aldosterone-dependent pathways. Interestingly, cardiac ageing genes and processes were represented in Tgαq*44 mice not only in late but also in early phases of HF, as evidenced by cardiac transcriptome analysis. Thirty-four genes and 8 biological processes, identified as being ageing related, occurred early and persisted along HF progression in Tgαq*44 mice and were mostly associated with extracellular matrix remodelling and fibrosis compatible with perivascular fibrosis resulting in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in Tgαq*44 mice. In conclusion, accelerated and persistent cardiac ageing contributes to the pathophysiology of chronic HF in Tgαq*44 mice. In particular, prominent perivascular fibrosis of microcirculation resulting in CMD represents an accelerated cardiac ageing phenotype that requires targeted treatment in chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Berkowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Centre for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tamás Csípő
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Orzyłowska
- Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Wołkow
- Centre for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Braczko A, Kutryb-Zajac B, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Mierzejewska P, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Cardiac Mitochondria Dysfunction in Dyslipidemic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911488. [PMID: 36232794 PMCID: PMC9570391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia triggers many severe pathologies, including atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence, including our studies, have suggested direct effects of dyslipidemia on cardiac energy metabolism, but details of these effects are not clear. This study aimed to investigate how mild dyslipidemia affects cardiac mitochondria function and vascular nucleotide metabolism. The analyses were performed in 3- and 6-month-old knock-out mice for low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr−/−) and compared to wild-type C57Bl/6J mice (WT). Cardiac isolated mitochondria function was analyzed using Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer. The mechanical function of the heart was measured using echocardiography. The levels of fusion, fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins were determined by ELISA kits, while the cardiac intracellular nucleotide concentration and vascular pattern of nucleotide metabolism ecto-enzymes were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We revealed the downregulation of mitochondrial complex I, together with a decreased activity of citrate synthase (CS), reduced levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial fission 1 protein, as well as lower intracellular adenosine and guanosine triphosphates’ pool in the hearts of 6-month Ldlr−/− mice vs. age-matched WT. The analysis of vascular ecto-enzyme pattern revealed decreased rate of extracellular adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis and increased ecto-adenosine deaminase activity (eADA) in 6-month Ldlr−/− vs. WT mice. No changes were observed in echocardiography parameters in both age groups of Ldlr−/− mice. Younger hyperlipidemic mice revealed no differences in cardiac mitochondria function, CS activity, intracellular nucleotides, mitochondrial biogenesis, and dynamics but exhibited minor changes in vascular eADA activity vs. WT. This study revealed that dysfunction of cardiac mitochondria develops during prolonged mild hyperlipidemia at the time point corresponding to the formation of early vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
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5
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Alcicek FC, Mohaissen T, Bulat K, Dybas J, Szczesny-Malysiak E, Kaczmarska M, Franczyk-Zarow M, Kostogrys R, Marzec KM. Sex-Specific Differences of Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Red Blood Cells Isolated From ApoE/LDLR Double-Deficient Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839323. [PMID: 35250640 PMCID: PMC8895041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study for the first time, we investigated the correlation between sex-specific differences in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in red blood cells (RBCs) and their mechanical, biochemical, and morphological alterations during the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE/LDLR double-deficient (ApoE/LDLR−/−) mice. Our results indicate that both sex and age affect alterations in RBCs of both ApoE/LDLR−/− and C57BL/6J mice. When compared with male RBCs, female RBCs were characterized by lower basal ATP and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), higher hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), deformability, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure levels, regardless of age in both, ApoE/LDLR−/− and C57BL/6J mice. ApoE/LDLR−/− mice compared with age-matched controls showed lower basal ATP levels regardless of age and sex. Intracellular ATP level of RBCs was decreased solely in senescent female C57BL/6J mice, while it was elevated in males. Basal extracellular ATP levels were 400 times lower than corresponding intracellular level. In conclusion, basal ATP levels, RBC morphology, deformability, PS exposure levels alterations are sex-dependent in mice. Changes in basal ATP levels were correlated with PS exposure and trends of changes in MCV. Trends of changes of the most RBC parameters were similar in both sexes of ApoE/LDLR−/− mice compared with age-matched controls; however, their kinetics and levels vary greatly between different stages of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Celal Alcicek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair and Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczesny-Malysiak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Franczyk-Zarow
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M. Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Katarzyna M. Marzec,
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Tomczyk M, Braczko A, Jablonska P, Mika A, Przyborowski K, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Kus F, Sledzinski T, Chlopicki S, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Enhanced Muscle Strength in Dyslipidemic Mice and Its Relation to Increased Capacity for Fatty Acid Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12251. [PMID: 34830135 PMCID: PMC8620496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is commonly linked to skeletal muscle dysfunction, accumulation of intramyocellular lipids, and insulin resistance. However, our previous research indicated that dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double knock-out mice (ApoE/LDLR -/-) leads to improvement of exercise capacity. This study aimed to investigate in detail skeletal muscle function and metabolism in these dyslipidemic mice. We found that ApoE/LDLR -/- mice showed an increased grip strength as well as increased troponins, and Mhc2 levels in skeletal muscle. It was accompanied by the increased skeletal muscle mitochondria numbers (judged by increased citrate synthase activity) and elevated total adenine nucleotides pool. We noted increased triglycerides contents in skeletal muscles and increased serum free fatty acids (FFA) levels in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice. Importantly, Ranolazine mediated inhibition of FFA oxidation in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice led to the reduction of exercise capacity and total adenine nucleotides pool. Thus, this study demonstrated that increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation, an adaptive response to dyslipidemia leads to improved cellular energetics that translates to increased skeletal muscle strength and contributes to increased exercise capacity in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Filip Kus
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (S.C.)
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
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7
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Olkowicz M, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Szupryczynska N, Kostogrys RB, Kochan Z, Debski J, Dadlez M, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT. Multi-omic signatures of atherogenic dyslipidaemia: pre-clinical target identification and validation in humans. J Transl Med 2021; 19:6. [PMID: 33407555 PMCID: PMC7789501 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms that translate dyslipidaemia into atherogenesis and reliable markers of its progression are yet to be fully elucidated. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic analysis in an experimental model of dyslipidaemia and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). METHODS Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and immunoassays were used to find out blood alterations at metabolite and protein levels in dyslipidaemic ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice and in FH patients to evaluate their human relevance. RESULTS We identified 15 metabolites (inhibitors and substrates of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), low-molecular-weight antioxidants (glutamine, taurine), homocysteine, methionine, 1-methylnicotinamide, alanine and hydroxyproline) and 9 proteins (C-reactive protein, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, apolipoprotein C-III, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, angiotensinogen, paraoxonase-1, fetuin-B, vitamin K-dependent protein S and biglycan) that differentiated FH patients from healthy controls. Most of these changes were consistently found in dyslipidaemic mice and were further amplified if mice were fed an atherogenic (Western or low-carbohydrate, high-protein) diet. CONCLUSIONS The alterations highlighted the involvement of an immune-inflammatory response system, oxidative stress, hyper-coagulation and impairment in the vascular function/regenerative capacity in response to dyslipidaemia that may also be directly engaged in development of atherosclerosis. Our study further identified potential biomarkers for an increased risk of atherosclerosis that may aid in clinical diagnosis or in the personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Szupryczynska
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renata B Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Kochan
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Debski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Olkowicz M, Tomczyk M, Debski J, Tyrankiewicz U, Przyborowski K, Borkowski T, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Szupryczynska N, Kochan Z, Smeda M, Dadlez M, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT. Enhanced cardiac hypoxic injury in atherogenic dyslipidaemia results from alterations in the energy metabolism pattern. Metabolism 2021; 114:154400. [PMID: 33058853 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction that is known to correlate with atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. We sought to clarify whether metabolic alterations induced by dyslipidaemia in cardiomyocytes collectively constitute an alternative pathway that escalates myocardial injury. METHODS Dyslipidaemic apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor (ApoE/LDLR) double knockout (ApoE-/-/LDLR-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice aged six months old were studied. Cardiac injury under reduced oxygen supply was evaluated by 5 min exposure to 5% oxygen in the breathing air under electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and with the assessment of troponin I release. To address the mechanisms LC/MS was used to analyse the cardiac proteome pattern or in vivo metabolism of stable isotope-labelled substrates and HPLC was applied to measure concentrations of cardiac high-energy phosphates. Furthermore, the effect of blocking fatty acid use with ranolazine on the substrate preference and cardiac hypoxic damage was studied in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice. RESULTS Hypoxia induced profound changes in ECG ST-segment and troponin I leakage in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice but not in WT mice. The evaluation of the cardiac proteomic pattern revealed that ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- as compared with WT mice were characterised by coordinated increased expression of mitochondrial proteins, including enzymes of fatty acids' and branched-chain amino acids' oxidation, accompanied by decreased expression levels of glycolytic enzymes. These findings correlated with in vivo analysis, revealing a reduction in the entry of glucose and enhanced entry of leucine into the cardiac Krebs cycle, with the cardiac high-energy phosphates pool maintained. These changes were accompanied by the activation of molecular targets controlling mitochondrial metabolism. Ranolazine reversed the oxidative metabolic shift in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice and reduced cardiac damage induced by hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a novel mechanism for myocardial injury in dyslipidaemia that is consequent to an increased reliance on oxidative metabolism in the heart. The alterations in the metabolic pattern that we identified constitute an adaptive mechanism that facilitates maintenance of metabolic equilibrium and cardiac function under normoxia. However, this adaptation could account for myocardial injury even in a mild reduction of oxygen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Debski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szupryczynska
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Kochan
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Smeda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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9
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Dybas J, Bulat K, Blat A, Mohaissen T, Wajda A, Mardyla M, Kaczmarska M, Franczyk-Zarow M, Malek K, Chlopicki S, Marzec KM. Age-related and atherosclerosis-related erythropathy in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165972. [PMID: 32949768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work we applied a multimodal approach to define the age- and atherosclerosis-related biochemical and functional alterations in red blood cells (RBCs) in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Our results revealed that age-related changes in RBCs, such as decreases in RBC deformability and mean height, were more pronounced in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice than in age-matched control mice (C57BL/6J). The decreases in phospholipid content and level of lipid unsaturation were accompanied by an increase in cholesterol esters and esterified lipids in RBC membranes in aged C57BL/6J mice. The age-related decrease in the phospholipid content was more pronounced in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. In contrast, the increase in the total lipid content in RBC membranes occurred only in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice with advanced atherosclerosis. The age-related alterations also included a decrease in the ratio of turns to α-helices in the secondary structure of hemoglobin (Hb) inside intact RBCs. On the other hand, an increase in the ratio of unordered conformations to α-helices of Hb was observed only in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice and occurred already at the age of 5-weeks. This was related to hypercholesterolemia and resulted in an increased oxygen-carrying capacity. In conclusion, progressive mechanical and functional alterations of RBCs in aged ApoE/LDLR-/- mice were more pronounced than in age-matched C57BL/6J mice. Although, several biochemical changes in RBCs in aged ApoE/LDLR-/- mice recapitulated age-dependent changes observed in control mice, some biochemical features of RBC membranes attributed to hypercholesterolemia were distinct and could contribute to the accelerated deterioration of RBC function in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Blat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wajda
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mardyla
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, 78 Jana Pawła II St., 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Franczyk-Zarow
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Bardi E, Majerczak J, Zoladz JA, Tyrankiewicz U, Skorka T, Chlopicki S, Jablonska M, Bar A, Jasinski K, Buso A, Salvadego D, Nieckarz Z, Grassi B, Bottinelli R, Pellegrino MA. Voluntary physical activity counteracts Chronic Heart Failure progression affecting both cardiac function and skeletal muscle in the transgenic Tgαq*44 mouse model. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14161. [PMID: 31267722 PMCID: PMC6606516 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is emerging as an alternative nonpharmaceutical strategy to prevent and treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases due to its cardiac and skeletal muscle beneficial effects. Oxidative stress occurs in skeletal muscle of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with possible impact on muscle function decline. We determined the effect of voluntary‐free wheel running (VFWR) in preventing protein damage in Tgαq*44 transgenic mice (Tg) characterized by a delayed CHF progression. In the early (6 months) and transition (12 months) phase of CHF, VFWR increased the daily mean distance covered by Tg mice eliminating the difference between Tg and WT present before exercise at 12 months of age (WT Pre‐EX 3.62 ± 1.66 vs. Tg Pre‐EX 1.51 ± 1.09 km, P < 0.005; WT Post‐EX 5.72 ± 3.42 vs. Tg Post‐EX 4.17 ± 1.8 km, P > 0.005). This effect was concomitant with an improvement of in vivo cardiac performance [(Cardiac Index (mL/min/cm2): 6 months, untrained‐Tg 0.167 ± 0.005 vs. trained‐Tg 0.21 ± 0.003, P < 0.005; 12 months, untrained‐Tg 0.1 ± 0.009 vs. trained‐Tg 0.133 ± 0.005, P < 0.005]. Such effects were associated with a skeletal muscle antioxidant response effective in preventing oxidative damage induced by CHF at the transition phase (untrained‐Tg 0.438 ± 0.25 vs. trained‐Tg 0.114 ± 0.010, P < 0.05) and with an increased expression of protein control markers (MuRF‐1, untrained‐Tg 1.12 ± 0.29 vs. trained‐Tg 14.14 ± 3.04, P < 0.0001; Atrogin‐1, untrained‐Tg 0.9 ± 0.38 vs. trained‐Tg 7.79 ± 2.03, P < 0.01; Cathepsin L, untrained‐Tg 0.91 ± 0.27 vs. trained‐Tg 2.14 ± 0.55, P < 0.01). At the end‐stage of CHF (14 months), trained‐Tg mice showed a worsening of physical performance (decrease in daily activity and weekly distance and time of activity) compared to trained age‐matched WT in association with oxidative protein damage of a similar level to that of untrained‐Tg mice (untrained‐Tg 0.62 ± 0.24 vs. trained‐Tg 0.64 ± 0.13, P > 0.05). Prolonged voluntary physical activity performed before the onset of CHF end‐stage, appears to be a useful tool to increase cardiac function and to reduce skeletal muscle oxidative damage counteracting physical activity decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Zoladz
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorka
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jablonska
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jasinski
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alessia Buso
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Desy Salvadego
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Zenon Nieckarz
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Tao C, Shkumatov AA, Alexander ST, Ason BL, Zhou M. Stigmasterol accumulation causes cardiac injury and promotes mortality. Commun Biol 2019; 2:20. [PMID: 30675518 PMCID: PMC6335236 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is expected to remain the leading cause of death worldwide despite the introduction of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors that effectively control cholesterol. Identifying residual risk factors for cardiovascular disease remains an important step for preventing and clinically managing the disease. Here we report cardiac injury and increased mortality occurring despite a 50% reduction in plasma cholesterol in a mouse model of phytosterolemia, a disease characterized by elevated levels of dietary plant sterols in the blood. Our studies show accumulation of stigmasterol, one of phytosterol species, leads to left ventricle dysfunction, cardiac interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration without atherosclerosis, and increased mortality. A pharmacological inhibitor of sterol absorption prevents cardiac fibrogenesis. We propose that the pathological mechanism linking clinical sitosterolemia to the cardiovascular outcomes primarily involves phytosterols-induced cardiac fibrosis rather than cholesterol-driven atherosclerosis. Our studies suggest stigmasterol is a potent and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tao
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Therapeutic Area, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Artem A. Shkumatov
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Shawn T. Alexander
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Therapeutic Area, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Brandon L. Ason
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Therapeutic Area, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Therapeutic Area, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA USA
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12
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Przyborowski K, Kassassir H, Wojewoda M, Kmiecik K, Sitek B, Siewiera K, Zakrzewska A, Rudolf AM, Kostogrys R, Watala C, Zoladz JA, Chlopicki S. Effects of a single bout of strenuous exercise on platelet activation in female ApoE/LDLR -/- mice. Platelets 2017; 28:657-667. [PMID: 28067100 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1254764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Strenuous physical exercise leads to platelet activation that is normally counterbalanced by the production of endothelium-derived anti-platelet mediators, including prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO). However, in the case of endothelial dysfunction, e.g. in atherosclerosis, there exists an increased risk for intravascular thrombosis during exercise that might be due to an impairment in endothelial anti-platelet mechanisms. In the present work, we evaluated platelet activation at rest and following a single bout of strenuous treadmill exercise in female ApoE/LDLR-/- mice with early (3-month-old) and advanced (7-month-old) atherosclerosis compared to female age-matched WT mice. In sedentary and post-exercise groups of animals, we analyzed TXB2 generation and the expression of platelet activation markers in the whole blood ex vivo assay. We also measured pre- and post-exercise plasma concentration of 6-keto-PGF1α, nitrite/nitrate, lipid profile, and blood cell count. Sedentary 3- and 7-month-old ApoE/LDLR-/- mice displayed significantly higher activation of platelets compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by increased TXB2 production, expression of P-selectin, and activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptors, as well as increased fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (vWf) binding. Interestingly, in ApoE/LDLR-/- but not in WT mice, strenuous exercise partially inhibited TXB2 production, the expression of activated GPIIb/IIIa receptors, and fibrinogen binding, with no effect on the P-selectin expression and vWf binding. Post-exercise down-regulation of the activated GPIIb/IIIa receptor expression and fibrinogen binding was not significantly different between 3- and 7-month-old ApoE/LDLR-/- mice; however, only 7-month-old ApoE/LDLR-/- mice showed lower TXB2 production after exercise. In female 4-6-month-old ApoE/LDLR-/- but not in WT mice, an elevated pre- and post-exercise plasma concentration of 6-keto-PGF1α was observed. In turn, the pre- and post-exercise plasma concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) were decreased in ApoE/LDLR-/- as compared to that in age-matched WT mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated overactivation of platelets in ApoE/LDLR-/- as compared to WT mice. However, platelet activation in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice was not further increased by strenuous exercise, but was instead attenuated, a phenomenon not observed in WT mice. This phenomenon could be linked to compensatory up-regulation of PGI2-dependent anti-platelet mechanisms in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Przyborowski
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - H Kassassir
- b Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders , Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - M Wojewoda
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - K Kmiecik
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - B Sitek
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - K Siewiera
- b Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders , Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - A Zakrzewska
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - A M Rudolf
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - R Kostogrys
- c Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , Agricultural University of Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - C Watala
- b Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders , Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - J A Zoladz
- d Department of Muscle Physiology, Chair of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Rehabilitation , University School of Physical Education , Krakow , Poland
| | - S Chlopicki
- a Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland.,e Chair of Pharmacology , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland
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13
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Effects of chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition on V'O 2max and exercise capacity in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 390:235-244. [PMID: 27915453 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute inhibition of NOS by L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) is known to decrease maximal oxygen consumption (V'O2max) and impair maximal exercise capacity, whereas the effects of chronic L-NAME treatment on V'O2max and exercise performance have not been studied so far. In this study, we analysed the effect of L-NAME treatment, (LN2 and LN12, respectively) on V'O2max and exercise capacity (in maximal incremental running and prolonged sub-maximal incremental running tests), systemic NO bioavailability (plasma nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-)) and prostacyclin (PGI2) production in C57BL6/J mice. Mice treated with L-NAME for 2 weeks (LN2) displayed higher V'O2max and better running capacity than age-matched control mice. In LN2 mice, NO bioavailability was preserved, as evidenced by maintained NO2- plasma concentration. PGI2 production was activated (increased 6-keto-PGF1α plasma concentration) and the number of circulating erythrocytes (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration were increased. In mice treated with L-NAME for 12 weeks (LN12), NO bioavailability was decreased (lower NO2- plasma concentration), and 6-keto-PGF1α plasma concentration and RBC number were not elevated compared to age-matched control mice. However, LN12 mice still performed better during the maximal incremental running test despite having lower V'O2max. Interestingly, the LN12 mice showed poorer running capacity during the prolonged sub-maximal incremental running test. To conclude, short-term (2 weeks) but not long-term (12 weeks) treatment with L-NAME activated robust compensatory mechanisms involving preservation of NO2- plasma concentration, overproduction of PGI2 and increased number of RBCs, which might explain the fully preserved exercise capacity despite the inhibition of NOS.
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