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Chen H, Zhou H, Zhang C, Li W, Xue X, Wang C. Convenient preparation of indigo from the Ieaves of Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees) Bremek by enzymatic method and its MALDI-TOF-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110440. [PMID: 38574422 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The manufacturing of indigo naturalis requires prolonged leaf soaking and lime stirring; the resulting indigo purity is less than 3.00% and the yield of indigo (measured in stems and leaves weight) is less than 0.50%, making it unsuitable for use in industrial procedures like printing and dyeing. An enzymatic method of creating indigo without the requirement for lime was investigated in order to generate high purity indigo. Single factor tests were performed to optimize the enzymatic preparation conditions. The findings showed that 60 °C, pH 5.5, 200 mL of leaves extract containing 0.45 mg/mL indican, and a 4:1 ratio of the acidic cellulose (activity: 9000 U/mL, liquid) to indican were the ideal parameters for enzymatic preparation. The yield of indigo was 40.32%, and the contents of indigo and indirubin were 37.37% and 2.30%, respectively. MALDI-TOF-MS in positive ion mode and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS in both positive and negative ion modes were used to analyze indigo extracts from Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees) Bremek by enzymatic preparation. It has been discovered that 13 alkaloids, 5 organic acids, 3 terpenoids, 3 steroids, 2 flavones, and 7 other compounds are present in indigo extracts. The presence of the indigo, indirubin, isorhamnetin, tryptanthrin, indigodole B, and indigodole C determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was verified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. The enzymatic preparation of indigo extracts kept the same chemical makeup as conventional indigo naturalis. Thermal analysis and SEM morphology were used to confirm that there was no lime in the indigo extract. During the enzymatic process, Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek was employed more effectively, increasing the yield and purity of indigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongXia Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, China; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, China; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, China; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, China; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xingying Xue
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, China; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - ChengZhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, China; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Tran HL, Lai KH, Chang HS, Chen YS, Wang HC, Yang SS, Chang HW, Hsu CM, Yen CH, Hsiao HH. Indigofera suffruticosa aerial parts extract induce G2/M arrest and ATR/CHK1 pathway in Jurkat cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38195460 PMCID: PMC10775588 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. is used as a folk medicine for treating patients with leukemia, however very little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of its anti-leukemic activity and the chemical profile of the active extract. The present study aimed to reveal the molecular effect of I. suffruticosa aerial parts extract (ISAE) on leukemia cells and its chemical constituents. METHODS Cytotoxicity of ISAE were determined by resazurin viability assay, multitox - Glo multiplex cytotoxicity assay, and Annexin V staining assay. Cell cycle profiles were revealed by propidium iodide staining assay. The effects of ISAE on G2/M arrest signaling and DNA damage were evaluated by Western blot assay and phospho-H2A.X staining assay. The chemical profile of ISAE were determined by tandem mass spectroscopy and molecular networking approach. RESULTS We showed that the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Jurkat cell was more responsive to ISAE treatment than other leukemia cell lines. In contrast, ISAE did not induce cytotoxic effects in normal fibroblast cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ISAE triggered G2/M arrest in Jurkat cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Elevation of annexin V-stained cells and caspase 3/7 activity suggested ISAE-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, ISAE alone could increase the phosphorylation of CDK1 at Y15 and activate the ATR/CHK1/Wee1/CDC25C signaling pathway. However, the addition of caffeine, a widely used ATR inhibitor to ISAE, reduced the phosphorylation of ATR, CHK1, and CDK1, as well as G2/M arrest in Jurkat cells. Moreover, increased phospho-H2A.X stained cells indicated the involvement of DNA damage in the anti-leukemic effect of ISAE. Finally, qualitative analysis using UPLC-tandem mass spectroscopy and molecular networking revealed that tryptanthrin was the most abundant organoheterocyclic metabolite in ISAE. At equivalent concentrations to ISAE, tryptanthrin induced G2/M arrest of Jurkat cells, which can be prevented by caffeine. CONCLUSIONS ISAE causes G2/M arrest via activating ATR/CHK1/CDK1 pathway and tryptanthrin is one of the active components of ISAE. Our findings provide subtle support to the traditional use of I. suffruitcosa in leukemia management in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Loan Tran
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Siao Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Shin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mu Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Huang H, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ye H, Guo D, Lu Q, Cai X. System to screen and purify active ingredients from herbal medicines using hydrogel-modified human umbilical vein endothelial cell membrane chromatography coupled with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography-offline-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201010. [PMID: 37192526 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Analytical screening and validation systems based on a combination of cell membrane chromatography and two-dimensional chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are incapable of providing prepared samples containing the active ingredients found in traditional Chinese medicine; therefore, these samples cannot be directly used in subsequent studies. In this study, a semi-preparative cell membrane chromatography column was developed using a hydrogel-modified carrier and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to optimize prepared conditions, such as hydrogel polymerization, cell fragmentation, and cell membrane volume. This increased the binding ratio of membrane protein and carrier to 15.79 mg/g. The column was systematically evaluated using multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors that displayed good specificity and reproducibility. Subsequently, using the column coupled with a semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography-offline-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system, 15 active ingredients were screened and purified from Indigo naturalis, and five main components were identified: l-lysine, oxyresveratrol, tryptanthrin, isorhamnetin, and indirubin. Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of the ingredients were confirmed using cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. Results revealed potent proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-promoting abilities on human chronic myelogenous leukemic cells and human promyelocytic leukemic cells (p < 0.001). Overall, the system presented screening and purification functions that could be used to prepare I. naturalis samples acting on the epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial cell growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Technical Assistance Center, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Dai
- Technical Assistance Center, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuefen Zhang
- Technical Assistance Center, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huazhen Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Guo
- Technical Assistance Center, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Lu
- Fujian College Association Instrumental Analysis Center of Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Cai
- Technical Assistance Center, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Fu Jian Health College, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Sun Q, Leng J, Tang L, Wang L, Fu C. A Comprehensive Review of the Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, Adverse Events, and Quality Control of Indigo Naturalis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664022. [PMID: 34135755 PMCID: PMC8200773 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigo naturalis (IN), which is derived from indigo plants such as Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze, Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach, and Isatis tinctoria L., has been traditionally used in the treatment of hemoptysis, epistaxis, chest pain, aphtha, and infantile convulsion in China for thousands of years. Clinical trials have shown that the curative effect of IN for psoriasis and ulcerative colitis (UC) is remarkable. A total of sixty-three compounds, including indole alkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids, steroids, and nucleosides, have been isolated from IN, of which indole alkaloids are the most important. Indirubin, isolated from IN, was used as a new agent to treat leukemia in China in the 1970s. Indirubin is also an active ingredient in the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmacological studies have confirmed that IN has inhibitory effects on inflammation, tumors, bacteria, and psoriasis. Indigo, indirubin, tryptanthrin, isorhamnetin, indigodole A, and indigodole C are responsible for these activities. This review provides up-to-date and comprehensive information on IN with regard to its chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, clinical applications, adverse events, and quality control. This review may also serve a reference for further research on IN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yu H, Li TN, Ran Q, Huang QW, Wang J. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze, a multifunctional traditional Chinese medicinal plant, and its herbal medicines: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113325. [PMID: 32889034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze (SCK, Malan), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has long applied to detoxification, defervescence, detumescence and antiphlogosis. "Southern Banlangen" (Rhizoma et Radix Baphicacanthis Cusiae, RRBC), root and rhizome of SCK, is widely used for treatment of many epidemic diseases. Malanye (Southern Daqingye), stem and leaf of SCK, is an antipyretic-alexipharmic drug frequently-used in southern China. Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis, IN), a processed product of SCK, is always applied to dermatoses in the folk. AIM OF THE REVIEW In order to elucidate the historical uses, recent advances and pharmaceutical prospects of SCK, we summarized roundly in aspects of history, processing method, chemical constitution, quality control, pharmacological activity and toxicity. Some deficiencies in current studies and research directions in the future are also discussed. This is the first comprehensive review of SCK and its herbal medicines, which may be of some help for further research. METHODOLOGY Comprehensive analysis was conducted on the basis of academic papers, pharmaceutical monographs, ancient medicinal works, and drug standards of China. All available information on SCK and its herbal medicines was collected by using the keywords such as "Strobilanthes cusia", "Southern Banlangen", "indirubin", "tryptanthrin" through different electronic databases including NCBI Pubmed, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and so on. Pharmacopoeia of China and some ancient works were obtained from National Digital Library of China. RESULT Medicinal uses of SCK were already described by famous ancient researchers. Because of vague description, plant species in some works cannot be confirmed. Literature demonstrated that multiple components including total 36 alkaloids and 35 glycosides, the main bioactive components of SCK, were found in SCK and its herbal medicines. Modern studies indicated that SCK and some of its components had multiple pharmacological effects including resistance to cancer, remission of inflammation, suppression of microorganisms, relief of dermatoses, and so on. However, studies on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and quality control are still not enough. CONCLUSION A number of reports suggested that SCK and its processed medicines could be promising drug candidates for multiple diseases especially promyelocytic leukemia, ulcerative colitis (UC) and psoriasis. However, bioactive activities of most components, especially glycosides should still be explored further. It is crucial to elucidate the in-depth molecular mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of main components in those herbal medicines. Moreover, to ensure the effectiveness of clinical medication, future studies should undoubtedly give the priority to clarifying the effective compositions of SCK, and then a measurement standard of those indicators should be protocolled to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Ting-Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Chen C, Gu Y, Wang R, Chai X, Jiang S, Wang S, Zhu Z, Chen X, Yuan Y. Comparative two-dimensional GPC3 overexpressing SK-Hep1 cell membrane chromatography /C18/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry for screening selective GPC3 inhibitor components from Scutellariae Radix. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1163:122492. [PMID: 33418242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Screening active components targeting membrane proteins is important for drug discovery from traditional Chinese medicine. Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) has achieved a wide application in screening active components on pathological cells due to its high sensitivity and effectiveness. However, it is hard to clarify the specific target protein through simply using pathological and normal cells. In this study, a novel comparative two-dimensional (2D) cell membrane chromatography system was established. Based on the construction of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SK-Hep1-GPC3 with high expression of protein Glypican-3 (GPC3), SK-Hep1-GPC3/CMC column was loaded to screen selective antitumor components from Scutellariae Radix according to the retention behaviors on column. Viscidulin I was retained on SK-Hep1-GPC3/CMC column, and showed 4.33 μM affinity to GPC3 according to surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The IC50 of viscidulin I on SK-Hep1-GPC3 cells was 18.01 μM in cell proliferation assay. Thus, this method can be applied to screen complex herbal medicines for ligands bound to specific target protein receptor related to hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Xinyi Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuya Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaozhan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China.
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Pan P, Cheng J, Si Y, Chen W, Hou J, Zhao T, Gu Y, Lv L, Hong Z, Zhu Z, Chai Y, Guo Z, Chen X. A stop-flow comprehensive two-dimensional HK-2 and HK-2/CIKI cell membrane chromatography comparative analysis system for screening the active ingredients from Pyrrosia calvata (Bak.) Ching against crystal-induced kidney injury. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113825. [PMID: 33339641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystal-induced kidney injury (CIKI) is the fundamental pathological change during nephrolithiasis, although the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Pyrrosia calvata (Bak.) Ching has been used in folk medicine to treat urolithiasis for years. To clarify the pharmacodynamic substances and the mechanism of its antiurolithiasis effects, in this study, a novel, stop-flow, comprehensive, two-dimensional (2D) HK-2 and HK-2/CIKI cell membrane chromatography (CMC) comparative analysis system was developed to screen for the potential active ingredients from Pyrrosia calvata (Bak.) Ching against CIKI. The comprehensive 2D CMC comparative analysis system showed satisfactory selectivity, and eight ingredients were screened and identified by this system. Among them, mangiferin exhibited higher affinity for the HK-2/CIKI CMC column than the HK-2 CMC column and was selected for further efficacy verification. Cell proliferation assays showed that mangiferin could protect HK-2 cell viability after stimulation with sodium oxalate (NaOX). Additionally, in a rodent model of CIKI, mangiferin decreased the deposition of calcium oxalate (CaOX) crystals in mouse kidneys, alleviated the pathological damage to kidney tissue, and inhibited the upregulation of OPN, MCP1, and CD44 expression caused by CaOX crystals. The established comprehensive 2D CMC comparative analysis system can be applied to screen active ingredients with disease specificity from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is suitable for other cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yachen Si
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiebin Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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8
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Sun X, Wu A, Kwan Law BY, Liu C, Zeng W, Ling Qiu AC, Han Y, He Y, Wai Wong VK. The active components derived from Penthorum chinensePursh protect against oxidative-stress-induced vascular injury via autophagy induction. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:160-180. [PMID: 31689485 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced damage has been proposed as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a pathogenic feature of atherosclerosis. Although autophagy was reported to have a protective effect against atherosclerosis, its mechanism for reducing oxidative stress remains un-elucidated. In this study, we have identified 4 novel autophagic compounds from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which activated the AMPK mediated autophagy pathway for the recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, 4 compounds (TA, PG, TB and PG1) identified from Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) were demonstrated for the first time to possess binding affinity to HUVECs cell membranes via cell membrane chromatography (CMC) accompanied by UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis, and the 4 identified compounds induce autophagy in HUVECs. Among the 4 autophagic activators identified from PCP, TA (Thonningianin A, Pinocembrin dihydrochalcone-7-O-[3″-O-galloyl-4″,6″-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-glucoside) is the major chemcial component in PCP, which possesses the most potent autophagy effect via a Ca2+/AMPK-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways. Moreover, TA efficiently reduced the level of ROS in HUVECs induced by H2O2. Additionally, the expression of pro- and cleaved-IL-1β in the aortic artery of ApoE-KO mice were also alleviated at the transcription and post-transcription levels after the administration of TA, which might be correlated to the reduction of oxidative-stress induced inflammasome-related Nod-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3) in the aortic arteries of ApoE-KO mice. This study has pinpointed the novel autophagic role of TA in alleviating the oxidative stress of HUVECs and aortic artery of ApoE-KO mice, and provided insight into the therapeutic application of TA in treatment of atherosclerosis or other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Anguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Chaolin Liu
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Alena Cong Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Yanzheng He
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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de Moraes MC, Cardoso CL, Cass QB. Solid-Supported Proteins in the Liquid Chromatography Domain to Probe Ligand-Target Interactions. Front Chem 2019; 7:752. [PMID: 31803714 PMCID: PMC6873629 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-target interactions play a central role in drug discovery processes because these interactions are crucial in biological systems. Small molecules-proteins interactions can regulate and modulate protein function and activity through conformational changes. Therefore, bioanalytical tools to screen new ligands have focused mainly on probing ligand-target interactions. These interactions have been evaluated by using solid-supported proteins, which provide advantages like increased protein stability and easier protein extraction from the reaction medium, which enables protein reuse. In some specific approaches, precisely in the ligand fishing assay, the bioanalytical method allows the ligands to be directly isolated from complex mixtures, including combinatorial libraries and natural products extracts without prior purification or fractionation steps. Most of these screening assays are based on liquid chromatography separation, and the binding events can be monitored through on-line or off-line methods. In the on-line approaches, solid supports containing the immobilized biological target are used as chromatographic columns most of the time. Several terms have been used to refer to such approaches, such as weak affinity chromatography, high-performance affinity chromatography, on-flow activity assays, and high-performance liquid affinity chromatography. On the other hand, in the off-line approaches, the binding event occurs outside the liquid chromatography system and may encompass affinity and activity-based assays in which the biological target is immobilized on magnetic particles or monolithic silica, among others. After the incubation step, the supernatant or the eluate from the binding assay is analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to various detectors. Regardless of the selected bioanalytical approach, the use of solid supported proteins has significantly contributed to the development of automated and reliable screening methods that enable ligands to be isolated and characterized in complex matrixes without purification, thereby reducing costs and avoiding time-laborious steps. This review provides a critical overview of recently developed assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina de Moraes
- Laboratório SINCROMA, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lucia Cardoso
- Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Quezia Bezerra Cass
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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10
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Park C, Cha HJ, Choi EO, Lee H, Hwang-Bo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Kim SY, Hong SH, Cheong J, Kim GY, Yun SJ, Hwang HJ, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Isorhamnetin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Activation in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101494. [PMID: 31590241 PMCID: PMC6826535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavonol that is predominantly found in the fruits and leaves of various plants, which have been used for traditional herbal remedies. Although several previous studies have reported that this flavonol has diverse health-promoting effects, evidence is still lacking for the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer efficacy. In this study, we examined the anti-proliferative effect of isorhamnetin on human bladder cancer cells and found that isorhamnetin triggered the gap 2/ mitosis (G2/M) phase cell arrest and apoptosis. Our data showed that isorhamnetin decreased the expression of Wee1 and cyclin B1, but increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, and increased p21 was bound to Cdk1. In addition, isorhamnetin-induced apoptosis was associated with the increased expression of the Fas/Fas ligand, reduced ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases. Moreover, isorhamnetin inactivated the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by diminishing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to impaired mitochondrial function. Furthermore, isorhamnetin stimulated production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, the interruption of ROS generation using a ROS scavenger led to an escape from isorhamnetin-mediated G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, this is the first report to show that isorhamnetin inhibited the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells by ROS-dependent arrest of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, our results provide an important basis for the interpretation of the anti-cancer mechanism of isorhamnetin in bladder cancer cells and support the rationale for the need to evaluate more precise molecular mechanisms and in vivo anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea;
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 8644, Korea;
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 8644, Korea;
- Correspondence: (W.-J.K.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-43-269-6136 (W.-J.K.); +82-51-850-7413 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea; (E.O.C.); (H.L.); (H.H.-B.); (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-J.K.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-43-269-6136 (W.-J.K.); +82-51-850-7413 (Y.H.C.)
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Qu R, Miao Y, Cui Y, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Tang X, Yang J, Wang F. Selection of reference genes for the quantitative real-time PCR normalization of gene expression in Isatis indigotica fortune. BMC Mol Biol 2019; 20:9. [PMID: 30909859 PMCID: PMC6434783 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-019-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isatis indigotica, a traditional Chinese medicine, produces a variety of active ingredients. However, little is known about the key genes and corresponding expression profiling involved in the biosynthesis pathways of these ingredients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful, commonly-used method for gene expression analysis, but the accuracy of the quantitative data produced depends on the appropriate selection of reference genes. Results In this study, the systematic analysis of the reference genes was performed for quantitative real-Time PCR normalization in I. indigotica. We selected nine candidate reference genes, including six traditional housekeeping genes (ACT, α-TUB, β-TUB, UBC, CYP, and EF1-α), and three newly stable internal control genes (MUB, TIP41, and RPL) from a transcriptome dataset of I. indigotica, and evaluated their expression stabilities in different tissues (root, stem, leaf, and petiole) and leaves exposed to three abiotic treatments (low-nitrogen, ABA, and MeJA) using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comprehensive RefFind algorithms. The results demonstrated that MUB and EF1-α were the two most stable reference genes for all samples. TIP41 as the optimal reference gene for low-nitrogen stress and MeJA treatment, while ACT had the highest ranking for ABA treatment and CYP was the most suitable for different tissues. Conclusions The results revealed that the selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for normalizing data is mandatory to acquire accurate quantification results. The necessity of specific internal control for specific conditions was also emphasized. Furthermore, this work will provide valuable information to enhance further research in gene function and molecular biology on I. indigotica and other related species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-019-0126-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yujing Miao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingjing Cui
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fangquan Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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12
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WANG XY, CHEN XF, GU YQ, CAO Y, YUAN YF, HONG ZY, CHAI YF. Progress of Cell Membrane Chromatography and Its Application in Screening Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Li S, Xiao X, Han L, Wang Y, Luo G. Renoprotective effect of Zhenwu decoction against renal fibrosis by regulation of oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14627. [PMID: 30279506 PMCID: PMC6168532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhenwu decoction (ZWD) is a promising traditional Chinese prescription against renal fibrosis, while its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Rat model of renal fibrosis were established and divided into control group, model group, ZWD treatment group and enalapril maleate treatment group. Metabolic profiles on serum samples from each group were acquired by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolomics combined with molecular biology were comparatively conducted on samples of various groups. Fifteen potential biomarkers were identified and these biomarkers are mainly phospholipids and fatty acids. The results showed renal fibrosis was associated with oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder. The results of histopathology, biochemistry and metabolomics demonstrated that ZWD exhibited an efficient renoprotective effect by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing energy metabolism and regulating fibrotic cytokines. This study provided scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China.
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14
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Zheng L, Chen S, Cao Y, Zhao L, Gao Y, Ding X, Wang X, Gu Y, Wang S, Zhu Z, Yuan Y, Chen X, Chai Y. Combination of comprehensive two-dimensional prostate cancer cell membrane chromatographic system and network pharmacology for characterizing membrane binding active components from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and their targets. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1564:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Wang Q, Xu J, Li X, Zhang D, Han Y, Zhang X. Comprehensive two-dimensional PC-3 prostate cancer cell membrane chromatography for screening anti-tumor components from Radix Sophorae flavescentis. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:2688-2693. [PMID: 28432774 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Radix Sophorae flavescentis is generally used for the treatment of different stages of prostate cancer in China. It has ideal effects when combined with surgical treatment and chemotherapy. However, its active components are still ambiguous. We devised a comprehensive two-dimensional PC-3 prostate cancer cell membrane chromatography system for screening anti-prostate cancer components in Radix Sophorae flavescentis. Gefitinib and dexamethasone were chosen as positive and negative drugs respectively for validation and optimization the selectivity and suitability of the comprehensive two-dimensional chromatographic system. Five compounds, sophocarpine, matrine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, and xanthohumol were found to have significant retention behaviors on the PC-3 cell membrane chromatography and were unambiguously identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays confirmed that all five compounds had anti-prostate cancer effects. Matrine and xanthohumol had good inhibitory effects, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.893 and 0.137 mg/mL, respectively. Our comprehensive two-dimensional PC-3 prostate cancer cell membrane chromatographic system promotes the efficient recognition and rapid analysis of drug candidates, and it will be practical for the discovery of prostate cancer drugs from complex traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Organ Transplant Research Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Organ Transplant Research Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Organ Transplant Research Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Organ Transplant Research Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Organ Transplant Research Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang XY, Ding X, Yuan YF, Zheng LY, Cao Y, Zhu ZY, Zhang GQ, Chai YF, Chen XF, Hong ZY. Comprehensive two-dimensional APTES-decorated MCF7-cell membrane chromatographic system for characterizing potential anti-breast-cancer components from Yuanhu-Baizhi herbal medicine pair. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:823-833. [PMID: 29567254 PMCID: PMC9322241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma corydalis and Radix Angelicae Dahurica (Yuanhu–Baizhi) herbal medicine pair has been used for thousands of years and has been reported to be potentially active in recent cancer therapy. But the exact active components or fractions remain unclear. In this study, a new comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-decorated MCF7-cell membrane chromatography (CMC)/capcell-C18 column/time-of-flight mass spectrometry system was established for screening potential active components and clarifying the active fraction of Yuanhu–Baizhi pair. APTES was modified on the surface of silica, which can provide an amino group to covalently link cell membrane fragments with the help of glutaraldehyde in order to improve the stability and column life span of the MCF7 CMC column. The comprehensive 2D MCF7-CMC system showed good separation and identification abilities. Our screen results showed that the retention components are mainly from the alkaloids in Yuanhu (12 compounds) and the coumarins (10 compounds) in Baizhi, revealing the active fractions of Yuanhu–Baizhi herbal medicine pair. Oxoglaucine, protopine, berberine, osthole, isopimpinellin and palmitic acid were selected as typical components to test the effects on cell proliferation and their IC50 were calculated as 38.17 μM, 29.45 μM, 45.42 μM, 132.7 μM, 156.8 μM and 90.5 μM respectively. Cell apoptosis assay showed that the drug efficacy was obtained mainly through inducing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, a synergistic assay results demonstrated that oxoglaucine (representative of alkaloids from Yuanhu) and isopimpinellin (representative of coumarins from Baizhi) showed significant synergistic efficacy with GFT, indicating that these components may act on other membrane receptors. The proposed 2D CMC system could also be equipped with other cells for further applications. Besides, the follow-up in-vitro experimental strategy using cell proliferation assay, cell apoptosis assay and synergistic assay proved to be a practical way to confirm the active fractions of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Appliance, Hangzhou Sanatorium of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Le-Yi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi-Feng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhan-Ying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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17
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Huang Y, Tan H, Yu J, Chen Y, Guo Z, Wang G, Zhang Q, Chen J, Zhang L, Diao Y. Stable Internal Reference Genes for Normalizing Real-Time Quantitative PCR in Baphicacanthus cusia under Hormonal Stimuli and UV Irradiation, and in Different Plant Organs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:668. [PMID: 28515733 PMCID: PMC5413499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek, the plant source for many kinds of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely distributed in South China, especially in Fujian. Recent studies about B. cusia mainly focus on its chemical composition and pharmacological effects, but further analysis of the plant's gene functions and expression is required to better understand the synthesis of its effective compounds. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful method for gene expression analysis. It is necessary to select a suitable reference gene for expression normalization to ensure the accuracy of RT-qPCR results. Ten candidate reference genes were selected from the transcriptome datasets of B. cusia in this study, and the expression stability was assessed across 60 samples representing different tissues and organs under various conditions, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, hormonal stimuli (jasmonic acid methyl ester and abscisic acid), and in different plant organs. By employing different algorithms, such as geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, which are complementary approaches based on different statistical procedures, 18S rRNA was found to be the most stable gene under UV irradiation and hormonal stimuli, whereas ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 was the best suitable gene for different plant organs. This novel study aimed to screen for suitable reference genes and corresponding primer pairs specifically designed for gene expression studies in B. cusia, in particular for RT-qPCR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical CollegeQuanzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hexin Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou, China
| | - Qinglei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang
| | - Yong Diao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou, China
- Yong Diao
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18
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Lv Y, Sun Y, Fu J, Kong L, Han S. Screening anti-allergic components of Astragali Radix using LAD2 cell membrane chromatography coupled online with UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27503168 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 76# Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 China
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center for Natural Vascular Medicine Screening and Analysis; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yueming Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 76# Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 China
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center for Natural Vascular Medicine Screening and Analysis; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 76# Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 China
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center for Natural Vascular Medicine Screening and Analysis; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Liyun Kong
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 76# Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 China
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center for Natural Vascular Medicine Screening and Analysis; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 76# Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 China
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center for Natural Vascular Medicine Screening and Analysis; Xi'an 710061 China
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