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Pinto A, Macário IPE, Marques SM, Lourenço J, Domingues I, Botelho MJ, Asselman J, Pereira P, Pereira JL. A short-term exposure to saxitoxin triggers a multitude of deleterious effects in Daphnia magna at levels deemed safe for human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175431. [PMID: 39128511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms and the toxins produced during these events are a human and environmental health concern worldwide. Saxitoxin and its derivatives are potent natural aquatic neurotoxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria and marine algae species during these bloom events. Saxitoxins effects on human health are well studied, however its effects on aquatic biota are still largely unexplored. This work aims at evaluating the effects of a pulse acute exposure (24 h) of the model cladoceran Daphnia magna to 30 μg saxitoxin L-1, which corresponds to the safety guideline established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for these toxins in recreational freshwaters. Saxitoxin effects were assessed through a comprehensive array of biochemical (antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation), genotoxicity (alkaline comet assay), neurotoxicity (total cholinesterases activity), behavioral (swimming patterns), physiological (feeding rate and heart rate), and epigenetic (total 5-mC DNA methylation) biomarkers. Exposure resulted in decreased feeding rate, heart rate, total cholinesterases activity and catalase activity. Contrarily, other antioxidant enzymes, namely glutathione-S-transferases and selenium-dependent Glutathione peroxidase had their activity increased, together with lipid peroxidation levels. The enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes was not sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, as underpinned by lipid peroxidation enhancement. Accordingly, average DNA damage level was significantly increased in STX-exposed daphnids. Total DNA 5-mC level was significantly decreased in exposed organisms. Results showed that even a short-term exposure to saxitoxin causes significant effects on critical molecular and cellular pathways and modulates swimming patterns in D. magna individuals. This study highlights sub-lethal effects caused by saxitoxin in D. magna, suggesting that these toxins may represent a marked challenge to their thriving even at a concentration deemed safe for humans by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Pinto
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês P E Macário
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio M Marques
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Lourenço
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Botelho
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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2
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Niu Y, Wei H, Zhang Y, Su J. Transcriptome response of a marine copepod in response to environmentally-relevant concentrations of saxitoxin. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116546. [PMID: 38870575 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) can pose a serious threat to human health. Among them, saxitoxin (STX) is one of the most potent natural neurotoxins. Here, the copepod Tigriopus japonicus, was exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (2.5 and 25 μg/L) STX for 48 h. Although no lethal effects were observed at both concentrations, the transcriptome was significantly altered, and displayed a concentration-dependent response. STX exposure decreased the copepod's metabolism and compromised immune defense and detoxification. Additionally, STX disturbed signal transduction, which might affect other cellular processes. STX exposure could inhibit the copepod's chitin metabolism, disrupting its molting process. Also, the processes related to damage repair and protection were up-regulated to fight against high concentration exposure. Collectively, this study has provided an early warning of PSTs for coastal ecosystem not only because of their potent toxicity effect but also their bioaccumulation that can transfer up the food chain after ingestion by copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Su
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen 361013, China.
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Hansen BH, Tarrant AM, Lenz PH, Roncalli V, Almeda R, Broch OJ, Altin D, Tollefsen KE. Effects of petrogenic pollutants on North Atlantic and Arctic Calanus copepods: From molecular mechanisms to population impacts. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106825. [PMID: 38176169 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Oil and gas industries in the Northern Atlantic Ocean have gradually moved closer to the Arctic areas, a process expected to be further facilitated by sea ice withdrawal caused by global warming. Copepods of the genus Calanus hold a key position in these cold-water food webs, providing an important energetic link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Due to their ecological importance, there is a concern about how accidental oil spills and produced water discharges may impact cold-water copepods. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the toxicity of petroleum on North Atlantic and Arctic Calanus copepods. We also review how recent development of high-quality transcriptomes from RNA-sequencing of copepods have identified genes regulating key biological processes, like molting, diapause and reproduction in Calanus copepods, to suggest linkages between exposure, molecular mechanisms and effects on higher levels of biological organization. We found that the available ecotoxicity threshold data for these copepods provide valuable information about their sensitivity to acute petrogenic exposures; however, there is still insufficient knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms of toxicity and the potential for long-term implications of relevance for copepod ecology and phenology. Copepod transcriptomics has expanded our understanding of how key biological processes are regulated in cold-water copepods. These advances can improve our understanding of how pollutants affect biological processes, and thus provide the basis for new knowledge frameworks spanning the effect continuum from molecular initiating events to adverse effects of regulatory relevance. Such efforts, guided by concepts such as adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), enable standardized and transparent characterization and evaluation of knowledge and identifies research gaps and priorities. This review suggests enhancing mechanistic understanding of exposure-effect relationships to better understand and link biomarker responses to adverse effects to improve risk assessments assessing ecological effects of pollutant mixtures, like crude oil, in Arctic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann M Tarrant
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Petra H Lenz
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR-ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ole Jacob Broch
- SINTEF Ocean, Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dag Altin
- BioTrix, 7020 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Research Infrastructure SeaLab, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0579 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Ås, Norway
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Pinto A, Botelho MJ, Churro C, Asselman J, Pereira P, Pereira JL. A review on aquatic toxins - Do we really know it all regarding the environmental risk posed by phytoplankton neurotoxins? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118769. [PMID: 37597370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxins are potent natural toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria and marine algae species during harmful cyanobacterial and algal blooms (CyanoHABs and HABs, respectively). These harmful bloom events and the toxins produced during these events are a human and environmental health concern worldwide, with occurrence, frequency and severity of CyanoHABs and HABs being predicted to keep increasing due to ongoing climate change scenarios. These contexts, as well as human health consequences of some toxins produced during bloom events have been thoroughly reviewed before. Conversely, the wider picture that includes the non-human biota in the assessment of noxious effects of toxins is much less covered in the literature and barely covered by review works. Despite direct human exposure to aquatic toxins and related deleterious effects being responsible for the majority of the public attention to the blooms' problematic, it constitutes a very limited fraction of the real environmental risk posed by these toxins. The disruption of ecological and trophic interactions caused by these toxins in the aquatic biota building on deleterious effects they may induce in different species is paramount as a modulator of the overall magnitude of the environmental risk potentially involved, thus necessarily constraining the quality and efficiency of the management strategies that should be placed. In this way, this review aims at updating and consolidating current knowledge regarding the adverse effects of aquatic toxins, attempting to going beyond their main toxicity pathways in human and related models' health, i.e., also focusing on ecologically relevant model organisms. For conciseness and considering the severity in terms of documented human health risks as a reference, we restricted the detailed revision work to neurotoxic cyanotoxins and marine toxins. This comprehensive revision of the systemic effects of aquatic neurotoxins provides a broad overview of the exposure and the hazard that these compounds pose to human and environmental health. Regulatory approaches they are given worldwide, as well as (eco)toxicity data available were hence thoroughly reviewed. Critical research gaps were identified particularly regarding (i) the toxic effects other than those typical of the recognized disease/disorder each toxin causes following acute exposure in humans and also in other biota; and (ii) alternative detection tools capable of being early-warning signals for aquatic toxins occurrence and therefore provide better human and environmental safety insurance. Future directions on aquatic toxins research are discussed in face of the existent knowledge, with particular emphasis on the much-needed development and implementation of effective alternative (eco)toxicological biomarkers for these toxins. The wide-spanning approach followed herein will hopefully stimulate future research more broadly addressing the environmental hazardous potential of aquatic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Pinto
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Botelho
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Catarina Churro
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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5
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Hartline DK, Cieslak MC, Castelfranco AM, Lieberman B, Roncalli V, Lenz PH. De novo transcriptomes of six calanoid copepods (Crustacea): a resource for the discovery of novel genes. Sci Data 2023; 10:242. [PMID: 37105953 PMCID: PMC10140051 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents eight new high-quality de novo transcriptomes from six co-occurring species of calanoid copepods, the first published for Neocalanus plumchrus, N. cristatus, Eucalanus bungii and Metridia pacifica and additional ones for N. flemingeri and Calanus marshallae. They are ecologically-important members of sub-arctic North Pacific marine zooplankton communities. 'Omics data for this diverse and numerous taxonomic group are sparse and difficult to obtain. Total RNA from single individuals was used to construct gene libraries that were sequenced on an Illumina Next-Seq platform. Quality filtered reads were assembled with Trinity software and validated using multiple criteria. The study's primary purpose is to provide a resource for gene expression studies. The integrated database can be used for quantitative inter- and intra-species comparisons of gene expression patterns across biological processes. An example of an additional use is provided for discovering novel and evolutionarily-significant proteins within the Calanoida. A workflow was designed to find and characterize unannotated transcripts with homologies across de novo assemblies that have also been shown to be eco-responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Hartline
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Matthew C Cieslak
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Ann M Castelfranco
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Brandon Lieberman
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Vittoria Roncalli
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Petra H Lenz
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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6
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Roncalli V, Uttieri M, Capua ID, Lauritano C, Carotenuto Y. Chemosensory-Related Genes in Marine Copepods. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:681. [PMID: 36355004 PMCID: PMC9692914 DOI: 10.3390/md20110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms deeply rely on the acquisition of chemical signals in any aspect of their life, from searching for food, mating and defending themselves from stressors. Copepods, the most abundant and ubiquitous metazoans on Earth, possess diversified and highly specified chemoreceptive structures along their body. The detection of chemical stimuli activates specific pathways, although this process has so far been analyzed only on a relatively limited number of species. Here, in silico mining of 18 publicly available transcriptomes is performed to delve into the copepod chemosensory genes, improving current knowledge on the diversity of this multigene family and on possible physiological mechanisms involved in the detection and analysis of chemical cues. Our study identifies the presence of ionotropic receptors, chemosensory proteins and gustatory receptors in copepods belonging to the Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida orders. We also confirm the absence in these copepods of odorant receptors and odorant-binding proteins agreeing with their insect specificity. Copepods have evolved several mechanisms to survive in the harsh marine environment such as producing proteins to respond to external stimulii. Overall, the results of our study open new possibilities for the use of the chemosensory genes as biomarkers in chemical ecology studies on copepods and possibly also in other marine holozooplankters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Uttieri
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Iole Di Capua
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department (RIMAR)-Marine Organism Taxonomy Core Facility (MOTax), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Yadetie F, Brun NR, Giebichenstein J, Dmoch K, Hylland K, Borgå K, Karlsen OA, Goksøyr A. Transcriptome responses in copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus exposed to phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. Mar Genomics 2022; 65:100981. [PMID: 35969942 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2022.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arctic and sub-arctic pelagic organisms can be exposed to effluents and spills from offshore petroleum-related activities and thus it is important to understand how they respond to crude oil related contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The copepod species Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus represent key links in the arctic marine food web. We performed a transcriptome analysis of the three species exposed to phenanthrene (Phe) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) representing low and high molecular weight PAHs, respectively. Differential expression of several genes involved in many cellular pathways was observed after 72 h exposure to Phe (0.1 μM) and BaP (0.1 μM). In C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis, the exposure resulted in up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes in xenobiotic biotransformation, particularly the phase II cytosolic sulfonation system that include 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase (PAPSS) and sulfotransferases (SULTs). The sulfonation pathway genes were more strongly induced by BaP than Phe in C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis but were not affected in C. hyperboreus. However, a larger number of genes and pathways were modulated in C. hyperboreus by the PAHs including genes encoding xenobiotic biotransformation and lipid metabolism enzymes, suggesting stronger responses in this species. The results suggest that the cytosolic sulfonation is a major phase II conjugation pathway for PAHs in C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Some of the biotransformation systems affected are known to be involved in metabolism of endogenous compounds such as ecdysteroids, which may suggest potential interference with physiological and developmental processes of the copepod species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Nadja R Brun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Marine Neurotoxins' Effects on Environmental and Human Health: An OMICS Overview. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010018. [PMID: 35049872 PMCID: PMC8778346 DOI: 10.3390/md20010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HAB), and the consequent release of toxic metabolites, can be responsible for seafood poisoning outbreaks. Marine wildlife can accumulate these toxins throughout the food chain, which presents a threat to consumers’ health. Some of these toxins, such as saxitoxin (STX), domoic acid (DA), ciguatoxin (CTX), brevetoxin (BTX), tetrodotoxin (TTX), and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), cause severe neurological symptoms in humans. Considerable information is missing, however, notably the consequences of toxin exposures on changes in gene expression, protein profile, and metabolic pathways. This information could lead to understanding the consequence of marine neurotoxin exposure in aquatic organisms and humans. Nevertheless, recent contributions to the knowledge of neurotoxins arise from OMICS-based research, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and of the available solutions to explore OMICS datasets in order to identify new features in terms of ecotoxicology, food safety, and human health. In addition, future perspectives in OMICS studies are discussed.
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First Report of OvoA Gene in Marine Arthropods: A New Candidate Stress Biomarker in Copepods. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110647. [PMID: 34822518 PMCID: PMC8623360 DOI: 10.3390/md19110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovothiol is one of the most powerful antioxidants acting in marine organisms as a defense against oxidative stress during development and in response to environmental cues. The gene involved in the ovothiol biosynthesis, OvoA, is found in almost all metazoans, but open questions existed on its presence among arthropods. Here, using an in silico workflow, we report a single OvoA gene in marine arthropods including copepods, decapods, and amphipods. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that OvoA from marine arthropods separated from the other marine phyla (e.g., Porifera, Mollusca) and divided into two separate branches, suggesting a possible divergence through evolution. In the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, we suggest that OvoA has a defense role in oxidative stress as shown by its high expression in response to a toxic diet and during the copepodite stage, a developmental stage that includes significant morphological changes. Overall, the results of our study open possibilities for the use of OvoA as a biomarker of stress in copepods and possibly also for other marine holozooplankters. The finding of OvoA in copepods is also promising for the drug discovery field, suggesting the possibility of using copepods as a new source of bioactive compounds to be tested in the marine biotechnological sector.
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Choi BS, Kim DH, Kim MS, Park JC, Lee YH, Kim HJ, Jeong CB, Hagiwara A, Souissi S, Lee JS. The genome of the European estuarine calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis: Potential use in molecular ecotoxicology. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112190. [PMID: 33711609 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and assembled the genome of a European estuarine calanoid copepod using Oxford Nanopore PromethION and Illumina HiSeq 2500 platforms. The length of the assembled genome was 776.1 Mb with N50 = 474.9 kb (BUSCO 85.9%), and the genome consisted of 2473 contigs. A total of 18,014 genes were annotated and orthologous gene clusters were analyzed in comparison to other copepods. In addition, genome-wide identification of cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and ATP-binding cassette transporters in E. affinis was performed to determine gene repertoire of these detoxification-related gene families. Results revealed the presence of species-specific gene inventories, indicating that these gene families have evolved through species-specific gene loss/expansion processes, possibly due to adaptation to different environmental stressors. Our study provides a new inventory of the European estuarine calanoid copepod E. affinis genome with emphasis on phase I, II, and III detoxification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, College of Nature Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Sami Souissi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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11
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Lenz PH, Roncalli V, Cieslak MC, Tarrant AM, Castelfranco AM, Hartline DK. Diapause vs. reproductive programs: transcriptional phenotypes in a keystone copepod. Commun Biol 2021; 4:426. [PMID: 33782539 PMCID: PMC8007741 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many arthropods undergo a seasonal dormancy termed "diapause" to optimize timing of reproduction in highly seasonal environments. In the North Atlantic, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus completes one to three generations annually with some individuals maturing into adults, while others interrupt their development to enter diapause. It is unknown which, why and when individuals enter the diapause program. Transcriptomic data from copepods on known programs were analyzed using dimensionality reduction of gene expression and functional analyses to identify program-specific genes and biological processes. These analyses elucidated physiological differences and established protocols that distinguish between programs. Differences in gene expression were associated with maturation of individuals on the reproductive program, while those on the diapause program showed little change over time. Only two of six filters effectively separated copepods by developmental program. The first one included all genes annotated to RNA metabolism and this was confirmed using differential gene expression analysis. The second filter identified 54 differentially expressed genes that were consistently up-regulated in individuals on the diapause program in comparison with those on the reproductive program. Annotated to oogenesis, RNA metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, these genes are both indicators for diapause preparation and good candidates for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra H. Lenz
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Vittoria Roncalli
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA ,grid.6401.30000 0004 1758 0806Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Matthew C. Cieslak
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Ann M. Tarrant
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Ann M. Castelfranco
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Daniel K. Hartline
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
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Kadiene EU, Ouddane B, Gong HY, Kim MS, Lee JS, Pan YJ, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Differential gene expression profile of male and female copepods in response to cadmium exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111048. [PMID: 32758697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the whole transcriptome and sex-specific differential gene expression of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei exposed to cadmium (Cd) were investigated. P. annandalei were exposed to 40 μg/L Cd from the naupliar stage to male and female adults. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed with copepod samples using an Illumina Hiseq™ 2000 platform. TransDecoder analysis found 32,625 putative open reading frame contigs. At p-values of <0.001, a total of 4756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2216 up-regulated and 2540 down-regulated genes) were found in male copepods. Whereas a total of 2879 DEGs (2007 up-regulated and 872 down-regulated genes) were found in female copepods. A few selected cellular stress response genes, involved in xenobiotic metabolism, energy metabolism, growth, and development as a result of Cd exposure in the copepods were discussed. The study showed that most of these processes were changed in a sex-specific manner, accounting for the different sensitivities of male and female copepods. Results suggest and reinforce that sex is an important factor to be considered in ecotoxicogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, Laboratoire LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, 59655, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yen-Ju Pan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Russo E, Lauritano C, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A, Sarno D, von Elert E, Ianora A, Carotenuto Y. RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis in Temora stylifera copepod females with contrasting non-feeding nauplii survival rates: an environmental transcriptomics study. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:693. [PMID: 33023465 PMCID: PMC7541278 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copepods are fundamental components of pelagic food webs, but reports on how molecular responses link to reproductive success in natural populations are still scarce. We present a de novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression (DE) analysis in Temora stylifera females collected in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, where this copepod dominates the zooplankton community. High-Throughput RNA-Sequencing and DE analysis were performed from adult females collected on consecutive weeks (May 23rd and 30th 2017), because opposite naupliar survival rates were observed. We aimed at detecting key genes that may have influenced copepod reproductive potential in natural populations and whose expression was potentially affected by phytoplankton-derived oxylipins, lipoxygenase-derived products strongly impacting copepod naupliar survival. Results On the two sampling dates, temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen remained stable, while variations in phytoplankton cell concentration, oxylipin concentration and oxylipin-per-diatom-cell production were observed. T. stylifera naupliar survival was 25% on May 23rd and 93% on May 30th. De novo assembly generated 268,665 transcripts (isoforms) and 120,749 unique ‘Trinity predicted genes’ (unigenes), of which 50% were functionally annotated. Out of the 331 transcript isoforms differentially expressed between the two sampling dates, 119 sequences were functionally annotated (58 up- and 61 down-regulated). Among predicted genes (unigenes), 144 sequences were differentially expressed and 31 (6 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated) were functionally annotated. Most of the significantly down-regulated unigenes and isoforms were A5 Putative Odorant Binding Protein (Obp). Other differentially expressed sequences (isoforms and unigenes) related to developmental metabolic processes, protein ubiquitination, response to stress, oxidation-reduction reactions and hydrolase activities. DE analysis was validated through Real Time-quantitative PCR of 9 unigenes and 3 isoforms. Conclusions Differential expression of sequences involved in signal detection and transduction, cell differentiation and development offered a functional interpretation to the maternally-mediated low naupliar survival rates observed in samples collected on May 23rd. Down-regulation of A5 Obp along with higher quantities of oxylipins-per-litre and oxylipins-per-diatom-cell observed on May 23rd could suggest oxylipin-mediated impairment of naupliar survival in natural populations of T. stylifera. Our results may help identify biomarker genes explaining variations in copepod reproductive responses at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Universität zu Köln, Aquatic Chemical Ecology Group, Zülpicher Straβe 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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14
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Asai S, Sanges R, Lauritano C, Lindeque PK, Esposito F, Ianora A, Carotenuto Y. De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Gene Expression Profiling of the Copepod Calanus helgolandicus Feeding on the PUA-Producing Diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080392. [PMID: 32727111 PMCID: PMC7460014 DOI: 10.3390/md18080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are the dominant component of the marine phytoplankton. Several diatoms produce secondary metabolites, namely oxylipins, with teratogenic effects on their main predators, crustacean copepods. Our study reports the de novo assembled transcriptome of the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus feeding on the oxylipin-producing diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Differential expression analysis was also performed between copepod females exposed to the diatom and the control flagellate Prorocentrum minimum, which does not produce oxylipins. Our results showed that transcripts involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, folate and methionine metabolism, embryogenesis, and response to stimulus were differentially expressed in the two conditions. Expression of 27 selected genes belonging to these functional categories was also analyzed by RT-qPCR in C. helgolandicus females exposed to a mixed solution of the oxylipins heptadienal and octadienal at the concentration of 10 µM, 15 µM, and 20 µM. The results confirmed differential expression analysis, with up-regulation of genes involved in stress response and down-regulation of genes associated with folate and methionine metabolism, embryogenesis, and signaling. Overall, we offer new insights on the mechanism of action of oxylipins on maternally-induced embryo abnormality. Our results may also help identify biomarker genes associated with diatom-related reproductive failure in the natural copepod population at sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Asai
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Remo Sanges
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (C.L.); (F.E.); (A.I.)
| | | | - Francesco Esposito
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (C.L.); (F.E.); (A.I.)
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (C.L.); (F.E.); (A.I.)
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Cieslak MC, Castelfranco AM, Roncalli V, Lenz PH, Hartline DK. t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE): A tool for eco-physiological transcriptomic analysis. Mar Genomics 2020; 51:100723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Yi X, Zhang K, Liu R, Giesy JP, Li Z, Li W, Zhan J, Liu L, Gong Y. Transcriptomic responses of Artemia salina exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of Alexandrium minutum cells or Gonyautoxin2/3. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124661. [PMID: 31472350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxicities of the marine algae Alexandrium minutum and its excreted gonyautoxins (GTXs) to the marine crustacean Artemia salina were investigated. Mortality was observed for neither larvae nor adult A. salina exposed to A. minutum at a density of 5000 cells/mL or 0.5 μM GTX2/3. After exposure, the full transcriptome of adult A. salina was assembled and functionally annotated. A total of 599,286 transcripts were obtained, which were clustered into 515,196 unigenes. Results of the transcriptional effect level index revealed that direct exposure to the toxic algae A. minutum caused greater alterations in the transcriptome than did exposure to the extracellular product GTX2/3. Mechanisms of effects were different between exposure of A. salina to A. minutum cells or GTX2/3. Exposure to A. minutum modulated formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex and metabolism of amino acids and lipids in A. salina. Exposure to GTX2/3 exposure inhibited expression of genes related to metabolism of chitin, which might result in disruption of molting process or disturbed sheath morphogenesis. Overall, effects on transcription observed in this study represent the first report based on application of next generation sequencing techniques to investigate the transcriptomic response of A. salina exposed to an environmentally realistic level of A. minutum or GTX2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Yi
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Renyan Liu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian City, Liaoning, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Li
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Lifen Liu
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Hu B, Li M, Yu X, Xun X, Lu W, Li X, Li Y, Lou J, Wang S, Zhang L, Cheng J, Hu X, Bao Z. Diverse expression regulation of Hsp70 genes in scallops after exposure to toxic Alexandrium dinoflagellates. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:62-69. [PMID: 31203042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 70KD (Hsp70s) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with essential roles against biotic and abiotic stressors. Marine bivalves inhabit highly complex environments and could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), the well-noted neurotoxins generated during harmful algal blooms. Here, we systematically analyzed Hsp70 genes (CfHsp70s) in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri), an important aquaculture mollusk in China. Sixty-five CfHsp70s from eight sub-families were identified, and 47 of these genes showed expansion in the Hspa12 sub-family. After exposure to different PST-producing dinoflagellates, Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella, diverse CfHsp70s regulation presented in scallop hepatopancreas, mainly accumulating incoming PSTs, and kidneys, transforming PSTs into higher toxic analogs. All the up-regulated CfHsp70s were from CfHsp70B2, CfHspa12, and CfHspa5 sub-families. CfHsp70B2 sub-family was mainly induced in the hepatopancreas, and CfHspa12 sub-family was highly induced in the kidneys. CfHsp70s up-regulation under two dinoflagellates exposure was stronger in the kidneys (log2FC: 19.5 and 18.6) than that in hepatopancreas (log2FC: 4.3 and 6.1). Exposure to different Alexandrium species had varying effects, that in hepatopancreas, CfHsp70B2s were chronically induced only after A. catenella exposure, whereas in kidney, CfHspa12s were more acutely induced after exposure of A. minutum than A. caenella. Moreover, in Yesso scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis), only Hspa12s were up-regulated in hepatopancreas after A. catenella exposure, and all the Hsp70B2s were down-regulated. These organ-, toxin-, and species-dependent Hsp70 regulation suggested the functional diversity of duplicated Hsp70s in response to the stress by PST-producing algae. Our findings provide insights into the evolution and functional characteristics of Hsp70s in scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Moli Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaogang Xun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiarun Lou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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18
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Tarrant AM, Nilsson B, Hansen BW. Molecular physiology of copepods - from biomarkers to transcriptomes and back again. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:230-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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20
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Roncalli V, Lenz PH, Cieslak MC, Hartline DK. Complementary mechanisms for neurotoxin resistance in a copepod. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14201. [PMID: 29079725 PMCID: PMC5660226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin resistance is a recurring evolutionary response by predators feeding on toxic prey. These adaptations impact physiological interaction and community ecology. Mechanisms for resistance vary depending on the predator and the nature of the toxin. Potent neurotoxins like tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) that are highly toxic to humans and other vertebrates, target conserved voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) of nerve and muscle, causing paralysis. The copepod Calanus finmarchicus consumes the STX-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense with no effect on survival. Using transcriptomic approaches to search for the mechanism that confers resistance in C. finmarchicus, we identified splice variants of NaVs that were predicted to be toxin resistant. These were co-expressed with putatively non-resistant form in all developmental stages. However its expression was unresponsive to toxin challenge nor was there any up-regulation of genes involved in multi-xenobiotic resistance (MXR) or detoxification (phases I or II). Instead, adults consistently regulated genes encoding digestive enzymes, possibly to complement channel resistance by limiting toxin assimilation via the digestive process. The nauplii, which were more susceptible to STX, did not regulate these enzymes. This study demonstrates how deep-sequencing technology can elucidate multiple mechanisms of toxin resistance concurrently, revealing the linkages between molecular/cellular adaptations and the ecology of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Petra H Lenz
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew C Cieslak
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel K Hartline
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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21
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Roncalli V, Christie AE, Sommer SA, Cieslak MC, Hartline DK, Lenz PH. A deep transcriptomic resource for the copepod crustacean Labidocera madurae: A potential indicator species for assessing near shore ecosystem health. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186794. [PMID: 29065152 PMCID: PMC5655441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems of many sub-tropical and tropical marine coastal environments have suffered significant degradation from anthropogenic sources. Research to inform management strategies that mitigate stressors and promote a healthy ecosystem has focused on the ecology and physiology of coral reefs and associated organisms. Few studies focus on the surrounding pelagic communities, which are equally important to ecosystem function. Zooplankton, often dominated by small crustaceans such as copepods, is an important food source for invertebrates and fishes, especially larval fishes. The reef-associated zooplankton includes a sub-neustonic copepod family that could serve as an indicator species for the community. Here, we describe the generation of a de novo transcriptome for one such copepod, Labidocera madurae, a pontellid from an intensively-studied coral reef ecosystem, Kāne'ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawai'i. The transcriptome was assembled using high-throughput sequence data obtained from whole organisms. It comprised 211,002 unique transcripts, including 72,391 with coding regions. It was assessed for quality and completeness using multiple workflows. Bench-marking-universal-single-copy-orthologs (BUSCO) analysis identified transcripts for 88% of expected eukaryotic core proteins. Targeted gene-discovery analyses included searches for transcripts coding full-length "giant" proteins (>4,000 amino acids), proteins and splice variants of voltage-gated sodium channels, and proteins involved in the circadian signaling pathway. Four different reference transcriptomes were generated and compared for the detection of differential gene expression between copepodites and adult females; 6,229 genes were consistently identified as differentially expressed between the two regardless of reference. Automated bioinformatics analyses and targeted manual gene curation suggest that the de novo assembled L. madurae transcriptome is of high quality and completeness. This transcriptome provides a new resource for assessing the global physiological status of a planktonic species inhabiting a coral reef ecosystem that is subjected to multiple anthropogenic stressors. The workflows provide a template for generating and assessing transcriptomes in other non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Andrew E. Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Sommer
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Cieslak
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Daniel K. Hartline
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Petra H. Lenz
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
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Zhang C, Luo H, Huang L, Lin S. Molecular mechanism of glucose-6-phosphate utilization in the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 67:74-84. [PMID: 28755722 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for marine phytoplankton as for other living organisms, and the preferred form, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), is often quickly depleted in the sunlit layer of the ocean. Phytoplankton have developed mechanisms to utilize organic forms of P (DOP). Hydrolysis of DOP to release DIP by alkaline phosphatase is believed to be the most common mechanism of DOP utilization. Little effort has been made, however, to understand other potential molecular mechanisms of utilizing different types of DOP. This study investigated the bioavailability of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and its underlying molecular mechanism in the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Suppression Subtraction Hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genes up- and down-regulated during G6P utilization compared to DIP condition. The results showed that G6P supported the growth and yield of K. mikimotoi as efficiently as DIP. Neither DIP release nor AP activity was detected in the cultures grown in G6P medium, however, suggesting direct uptake of G6P. SSH analysis and RT-qPCR results showed evidence of metabolic modifications, particularly that mitochondrial ATP synthase f1gamma subunit and thioredoxin reductase were up-regulated while diphosphatase and pyrophosphatase were down-regulated in the G6P cultures. All the results indicate that K. mikimotoi has developed a mechanism other than alkaline phosphatase to utilize G6P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biochip, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key State Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liangmin Huang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Key State Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Wang M, Jeong CB, Li Y, Lee JS. Different transcriptomic responses of two marine copepods, Tigriopus japonicus and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, to a low dose of mercury chloride (HgCl 2). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:124-131. [PMID: 28411467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pollution is a ubiquitous and serious concern in marine environments, but the response mechanisms of marine animals to Hg pollution (i.e., toxicity/tolerance) are poorly understood. To compare the global responses of two marine copepods (Tigriopus japonicus and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei), we analyzed whole transcriptomes using RNA-seq technology in response to Hg treatment (a nominal 10μg/L HgCl2 in seawater) for 5h. Hg was strikingly accumulated in both copepods under treatment. The Hg concentration in P. annandalei was higher under metal exposure by approximately 1.4-fold compared with treated T. japonicus. Among transcriptomic data, 101 genes in T. japonicus and 18 genes in P. annandalei were differentially regulated in response to Hg exposure. The up-regulated genes in T. japonicus were concerned with stress, growth, and development, while the down-regulated ones were mainly related to immune response. In P. annandalei, most of the differentially expressed genes were up-regulated, and all were involved in stress response. Our work indicated that Hg exhibits endocrine-disrupting potential at the transcriptomic level in marine copepods. Overall, our study demonstrates the species-specific molecular responses of these two copepods to Hg pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Roncalli V, Jungbluth MJ, Lenz PH. Glutathione S-Transferase Regulation in Calanus finmarchicus Feeding on the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159563. [PMID: 27427938 PMCID: PMC4948837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense, on relative expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) transcripts was examined in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Adult females were fed for 5-days on one of three experimental diets: control (100% Rhodomonas spp.), low dose of A. fundyense (25% by volume, 75% Rhodomonas spp.), and high dose (100% A. fundyense). Relative expression of three GST genes was measured using RT-qPCR on days 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 in two independent experiments. Differential regulation was found for the Delta and the Sigma GSTs between 0.5 to 2 days, but not on day 5 in both experiments. The third GST, a microsomal, was not differentially expressed in either treatment or day. RT-qPCR results from the two experiments were similar, even though experimental females were collected from the Gulf of Maine on different dates and their reproductive output differed. In the second experiment, expression of 39 GSTs was determined on days 2 and 5 using RNA-Seq. Global gene expression analyses agreed with the RT-qPCR results. Furthermore, the RNA-Seq measurements indicated that only four GSTs were differentially expressed under the experimental conditions, and the response was small in amplitude. In summary, the A. fundyense diet led to a rapid and transient response in C. finmarchicus in three cytosolic GSTs, while a fourth GST (Omega I) was significantly up-regulated on day 5. Although there was some regulation of GSTs in response the toxic dinoflagellate, the tolerance to A. fundyense by C. finmarchicus is not dependent on the long-term up-regulation of specific GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle J. Jungbluth
- Department of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Rd., University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America
| | - Petra H. Lenz
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America
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