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Ao Y, Ye H, Liu X, Li Y, Liu H, Ye S, Hu Y, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Jiao J. Fish oil supplementation in relation to the risk of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39192528 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between fish oil supplementation and subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with diabetes, and further evaluate the mediation effect of typical glycolipid and inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS In total, 24 497 patients with diabetes from the UK Biobank were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD risk, and the rate advancement period was calculated to quantify and communicate the impact of fish oil upon that risk. In addition, we also used mediation analysis to assess the mediating role of plasma biomarkers. RESULTS Overall, 7122 patients reported taking fish oil supplements. During a mean of 11.3 years of follow-up, 3533 CKD cases occurred. In the fully adjusted model, fish oil use was inversely associated with the incidence of CKD (HR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97), which was mediated by serum levels of HbA1c (4.7%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (3.4%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.3%). Participants who took fish oil supplements displayed the same risk of CKD events, but that risk was delayed by approximately 2.79 years compared with non-users of fish oil. CONCLUSIONS Our findings advocate the beneficial role of fish oil use in preventing CKD among patients with diabetes, which may be mediated by serum levels of HbA1c, CRP and HDL-C, and support public health policies aiming to promote fish oil supplementation for the prevention of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Li J, Zou Y, Kantapan J, Su H, Wang L, Dechsupa N. TGF‑β/Smad signaling in chronic kidney disease: Exploring post‑translational regulatory perspectives (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:143. [PMID: 38904198 PMCID: PMC11208996 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the onset of glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present review delves into the intricate post‑translational modulation of this pathway and its implications in CKD. Specifically, the impact of the TGF‑β/Smad pathway on various biological processes was investigated, encompassing not only renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, myofibroblast activation and cellular aging, but also its role in autophagy. Various post‑translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play a crucial role in modulating the intensity and persistence of the TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway. They also dictate the functionality, stability and interactions of the TGF‑β/Smad components. The present review sheds light on recent findings regarding the impact of PTMs on TGF‑β receptors and Smads within the CKD landscape. In summary, a deeper insight into the post‑translational intricacies of TGF‑β/Smad signaling offers avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions to mitigate CKD progression. Ongoing research in this domain holds the potential to unveil powerful antifibrotic treatments, aiming to preserve renal integrity and function in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Li
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxia Zou
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiraporn Kantapan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Islamuddin M, Qin X. Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:229. [PMID: 38740765 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are exceptionally diversified cell types and perform unique features and functions when exposed to different stimuli within the specific microenvironment of various kidney diseases. In instances of kidney tissue necrosis or infection, specific patterns associated with damage or pathogens prompt the development of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1). These M1 macrophages contribute to exacerbating tissue damage, inflammation, and eventual fibrosis. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) arise in the same circumstances, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration processes. Impaired tissue repair causes fibrosis, and hence macrophages play a protective and pathogenic role. In response to harmful stimuli within the body, inflammasomes, complex assemblies of multiple proteins, assume a pivotal function in innate immunity. The initiation of inflammasomes triggers the activation of caspase 1, which in turn facilitates the maturation of cytokines, inflammation, and cell death. Macrophages in the kidneys possess the complete elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. When the NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated, it triggers the activation of caspase-1, resulting in the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines (IL)-1β and IL-18 and cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD). This activation process therefore then induces pyroptosis, leading to renal inflammation, cell death, and renal dysfunction. The NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β-IL-18 pathway has been identified as a factor in the development of the pathophysiology of numerous kidney diseases. In this review, we explore current progress in understanding macrophage behavior concerning inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in kidneys. Emphasizing the pivotal role of activated macrophages in both the advancement and recovery phases of renal diseases, the article delves into potential strategies to modify macrophage functionality and it also discusses emerging approaches to selectively target NLRP3 inflammasomes and their signaling components within the kidney, aiming to facilitate the healing process in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Zhu X, Zhang C, Liu L, Xu L, Yao L. Senolytic combination of dasatinib and quercetin protects against diabetic kidney disease by activating autophagy to alleviate podocyte dedifferentiation via the Notch pathway. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:26. [PMID: 38240118 PMCID: PMC10852012 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The senolytics dasatinib and quercetin (DQ) alleviate age‑related disorders. However, limited information is available regarding the effects of DQ on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The present study aimed to explore the effects of DQ on DKD and its potential molecular mechanism(s). Dasatinib (5 mg/kg) and quercetin (50 mg/kg) were administered to diabetic db/db mice by gavage for 20 weeks. Body weight, urine albumin‑creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine (Scr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded at the indicated time periods. Periodic acid‑Schiff and Masson's staining were performed to assess the histopathological changes of kidney tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, autophagic and podocyte differentiation‑related proteins. In addition, mouse podocytes were administered with high‑glucose, DQ and 3‑methyladenine (3‑MA), and the expression levels of autophagic and podocyte differentiation‑related proteins were measured. Moreover, following overexpression of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), the expression levels of NICD, autophagic and podocyte differentiation‑related proteins were further assessed. DQ significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose, ACR, Scr and BUN levels and improved the histopathological changes induced in diabetic db/db mice. In addition, DQ caused a significant downregulation of the expression levels of the ECM proteins, improved autophagy and induced an upregulation of the expression levels of podocyte differentiation‑related proteins. Administration of 3‑MA to mice significantly reduced podocyte differentiation, and overexpression of NICD could reverse the effects of DQ on autophagy and podocyte differentiation in vitro. The present study suggests that DQ protects against DKD by activation of autophagy to alleviate podocyte dedifferentiation via the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Blood Purification Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524003, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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He H, Wang H, Chen X, Zhong Y, Huang XR, Ma RCW, Wang C, Lan HY. Treatment for type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by targeting Smad3 signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:200-217. [PMID: 38164169 PMCID: PMC10750285 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Smad3 signaling plays a critical role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), but treatment by specifically targeting Smad3 remains unexplored. To develop a new Smad3-targeted therapy for T2D and T2DN, we treated db/db mice at the pre-diabetic or established diabetic stage with a pharmacological Smad3 inhibitor SIS3. The therapeutic effect and mechanisms of anti-Smad3 treatment on T2D and T2DN were investigated. We found that anti-Smad3 treatment on pre-diabetic db/db mice largely attenuated both T2D and T2DN by markedly reducing blood glucose levels, and inhibiting the elevated serum creatinine, microalbuminuria, and renal fibrosis and inflammation. Unexpectedly, although SIS3 treatment on the established diabetic db/db mice inhibited T2DN but did not significantly improve T2D. Mechanistically, we uncovered that inhibition of T2DN in SIS3-treated db/db mice was associated with effectively restoring the balance of TGF-β/Smad signaling by inhibiting Smad3 while increasing Smad7, thereby suppressing Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation via lncRNA Erbb4-IR and LRN9884-dependent mechanisms. We also revealed that inhibition of islet β cell injury by preventing the loss of islet Pax 6 could be the mechanism through which the pre-diabetic treatment, rather than the late SIS3 treatment on db/db mice significantly improved the T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Honglian Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiao Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ronald CW Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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王 一, 郭 建, 邵 宝, 陈 海, 蓝 辉. [The Role of TGF-β1/SMAD in Diabetic Nephropathy: Mechanisms and Research Development]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:1065-1073. [PMID: 38162063 PMCID: PMC10752761 DOI: 10.12182/20231160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD signaling activation plays an important role in the onset and progression of DN. Reported findings suggest that the activation of TGF-β1 (including the latent form, the active form, and the receptors) and its downstream signaling proteins (SMAD3, SMAD7, etc.) plays a critical role in DN. In addition, TGF-β1/SMAD signaling may mediate the pathogenesis and progression of DN via various microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence shows that TGF-β1, SMAD3, and SMAD7 are the main signaling proteins that contribute to the development of DN, and that they can be potential targets for the treatment of DN. However, recent clinical trials have shown that the anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody treatment fails to effectively alleviate DN, which suggests that upstream inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD signaling does not alleviate clinical symptoms and that this may be related to the fact that TGF-β1/SMAD has multiple biological effects. Targeted inhibition of the downstream TGF-β1 signaling (e.g., SMAD3 and SMAD7) may be an effective approach to attenuate DN. This article discussed the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and potential targets for the treatment and prevention of DN by focusing on TGF-β1/SMAD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- 一帆 王
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
| | - 建波 郭
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
| | - 宝仪 邵
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
| | - 海勇 陈
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
- 香港大学深圳医院 中医部 (深圳 518053)Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - 辉耀 蓝
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
- 香港大学深圳医院 中医部 (深圳 518053)Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Samy JVRA, Kumar N, Singaravel S, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshuniaber MA, Gatasheh MK, Venkatesan A, Natesan V, Kim SJ. Effect of Prunetin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats - a Biochemical and Molecular Approach. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:619-628. [PMID: 37818618 PMCID: PMC10616515 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern era, chronic kidney failure due to diabetes has spread across the globe. Prunetin (PRU), a component of herbal medicines, has a broad variety of pharmacological activities; these may help to slow the onset of diabetic kidney disease. The anti-nephropathic effects of PRU have not yet been reported. The present study explored the potential nephroprotective actions of PRU in diabetic rats. For 28 days, nephropathic rats were given oral doses of PRU (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg). Body weight, blood urea, creatinine, total protein, lipid profile, liver marker enzymes, carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, C-reactive protein, antioxidants, lipid peroxidative indicators, and the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) mRNA genes were all examined. Histological examinations of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas were also performed. The oral treatment of PRU drastically lowered the blood glucose, HbA1c, blood urea, creatinine, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile, and hexokinase. Meanwhile, the levels of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase were all elevated, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dropped significantly. Inflammatory marker antioxidants and lipid peroxidative markers were also less persistent due to this administration. PRU upregulated the IRS-1 and GLUT-2 gene expression in the nephropathic group. The possible renoprotective properties of PRU were validated by histopathology of the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues. It is therefore proposed that PRU (80 mg/kg) has considerable renoprotective benefits in diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Vinoth Raja Antony Samy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nirubama Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amalan Venkatesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar Natesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ding Z, Wei Y, Peng J, Wang S, Chen G, Sun J. The Potential Role of C-Reactive Protein in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Aging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2711. [PMID: 37893085 PMCID: PMC10603830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), is liver-metabolism-associated steatohepatitis caused by nonalcoholic factors. NAFLD/MASLD is currently the most prevalent liver disease in the world, affecting one-fourth of the global population, and its prevalence increases with age. Current treatments are limited; one important reason hindering drug development is the insufficient understanding of the onset and pathogenesis of NAFLD/MASLD. C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, has been linked to NAFLD and aging in recent studies. As a conserved acute-phase protein, CRP is widely characterized for its host defense functions, but the link between CRP and NAFLD/MASLD remains unclear. Herein, we discuss the currently available evidence for the involvement of CRP in MASLD to identify areas where further research is needed. We hope this review can provide new insights into the development of aging-associated NAFLD biomarkers and suggest that modulation of CRP signaling is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guixi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Niculae A, Gherghina ME, Peride I, Tiglis M, Nechita AM, Checherita IA. Pathway from Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease: Molecules Involved in Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14019. [PMID: 37762322 PMCID: PMC10531003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the main conditions responsible for chronic kidney disease (CKD), including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as a long-term complication. Besides short-term complications, such as electrolyte and acid-base disorders, fluid overload, bleeding complications or immune dysfunctions, AKI can develop chronic injuries and subsequent CKD through renal fibrosis pathways. Kidney fibrosis is a pathological process defined by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, evidenced in chronic kidney injuries with maladaptive architecture restoration. So far, cited maladaptive kidney processes responsible for AKI to CKD transition were epithelial, endothelial, pericyte, macrophage and fibroblast transition to myofibroblasts. These are responsible for smooth muscle actin (SMA) synthesis and abnormal renal architecture. Recently, AKI progress to CKD or ESRD gained a lot of interest, with impressive progression in discovering the mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis, including cellular and molecular pathways. Risk factors mentioned in AKI progression to CKD are frequency and severity of kidney injury, chronic diseases such as uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and unmodifiable risk factors (i.e., genetics, older age or gender). To provide a better understanding of AKI transition to CKD, we have selected relevant and updated information regarding the risk factors responsible for AKIs unfavorable long-term evolution and mechanisms incriminated in the progression to a chronic state, along with possible therapeutic approaches in preventing or delaying CKD from AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Niculae
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai-Emil Gherghina
- Department of Nephrology, Ilfov County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 022104 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Peride
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Tiglis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Nechita
- Department of Nephrology, “St. John” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Li C, Liu Q, Ji W, Fu Y, Cao H, Huan Y, Lei L, Gao X, Chen L, Feng C, Zhang L, Li P, Liu Y, Liu S, Shen Z. New anti-diabetic drug Morus alba L. (Sangzhi) alkaloids (SZ-A) improves diabetic nephropathy through ameliorating inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic rats. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1164242. [PMID: 37359004 PMCID: PMC10289017 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1164242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Morus alba L. (Sangzhi) alkaloid (SZ-A) is a new antidiabetic drug approved by the China National Medical Products Administration in 2020. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common diabetic complication and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. The effects of SZ-A on DN remain unknown. Purpose This study evaluated the effects of SZ-A on DN in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and explored the underlying mechanisms based on nitrosative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Methods Diabetic ZDF rats were orally administered 100 and 200 mg/kg of SZ-A once daily for 9 weeks. The glucose metabolism and kidney function were assayed. The pathological injury and fibrosis of the kidneys were separately evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's staining. The oxidative and nitrosative stress and inflammation were assayed by determining the levels of related indices in the blood and kidneys and quantifying the related gene and protein expression. The expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) gene and protein were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The renal transcriptomics was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Results Repeated treatment with SZ-A significantly improved glucose metabolism, dose-dependently decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen, urinary albumin, and β2-microglobulin, and evidently relieved the renal injury in diabetic ZDF rats. As for the mechanisms, SZ-A remarkably ameliorated systemic nitrosative stress through lowering the levels of blood inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, and significantly relieved systemic and renal inflammation by reducing the levels of blood interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and decreasing the levels of renal C-reactive protein content and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the kidneys. SZ-A also improved renal fibrosis by lowering the expression of TGFβ1 in the kidneys. Additionally, SZ-A significantly lowered the expression of stimulator of chondrogenesis 1 in the kidneys. Conclusion Repeated treatments with SZ-A significantly ameliorates DN by regulating systemic nitrosative stress, renal inflammation, and renal fibrosis partially through inhibition of the cytokine-NO and TGF-β1 signaling in ZDF rats, providing evidence for the additional application of SZ-A in clinical use for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caina Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Ji
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Fu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cunyu Feng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Records, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhufang Shen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Cao Y, Xiong J, Guan X, Yin S, Chen J, Yuan S, Liu H, Lin S, Zhou Y, Qiu J, Wang D, Liu B, Zhou J. Paeoniflorin suppresses kidney inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization via KLF4-mediated mitophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154901. [PMID: 37247587 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages M1 polarization involved in the process of renal inflammatory injury, is a well-established hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Paeoniflorin (PF), a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside extracted from Paeonia lactiflora, revealed renal anti-inflammatory activities in our previous study. However, the potential molecular mechanism of PF on CKD remains unknown. PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate the regulation of PF on macrophage polarization in CKD. METHODS A CKD model was established by cationic bovine serum albumin and a murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of PF in CKD. RESULTS Results showed that PF exhibited favorable protective effects on CKD model mice by promoting renal function, ameliorating renal pathological injury and podocyte damage. Furthermore, PF inhibited the infiltration of M1 macrophage marker CD68 and iNOS in kidney tissue, but increased the proportion of M2 macrophage marker CD206. In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS, the levels of cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 were lessened under PF treatment, while the levels of Arg1, Fizz1, IL-10 and Ym-1 were augmented. These results indicated that PF promoted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, PF repaired the damaged mitochondria through increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing ROS accumulation. The mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin, Bnip3, P62 and LC3 were up-regulated by PF, accompanied by the incremental expressions of Krüppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4). Moreover, the promotion of mitophagy and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization owing to PF were reversed by mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 or silencing KLF4. CONCLUSION Overall, PF suppressed renal inflammation by promoting macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 and inducing mitophagy via regulating KLF4. It is expected to provide a new strategy for exploring the effects of PF in treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingli Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueping Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Simin Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Rather IA, Khan N, Kushwah AS, Surampalli G, Kumar M. Nephroprotective effects of honokiol in a high-fat diet-streptozotocin rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2023; 320:121543. [PMID: 36871934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost basis of end-stage kidney failure implicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysregulation of Rho kinase/Rock pathway. Magnolia plants are used in traditional medicine systems in Southeast Asia owing to bioactive phytoconstituents. Earlier, honokiol (Hon) exhibited therapeutic potential in experimental models of metabolic, renal, and brain disorders. In the present study, we evaluated potential of Hon against DN and possible molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS In the existing experiments, high-fat diet (HFD) (17 weeks) and streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg once) induced DN rats were orally treated with Hon (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) or metformin (150 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Hon attenuated albuminuria, blood biomarkers (e.g., urea nitrogen, glucose, C-reactive protein, and creatinine) and ameliorated lipid profile, electrolytes levels (Na+/K+), and creatinine clearance against DN. Hon significantly decreased renal oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers against DN. Histomorphometry and microscopic analysis revealed nephroprotective effects of Hon marked by a decrease in leukocyte infiltration, renal tissue damage, and urine sediments. RT-qPCR showed that Hon treatment attenuated mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), ER stress markers (GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, and TRB3), and Rock 1/2 in DN rats. Data from ELISA supported a decrease in levels of TGF-β1, ET-1, ER stress markers, and Rock1/2 by Hon. SIGNIFICANCE Hon attenuated hyperglycemia, redox imbalance, and inflammation and improved renal functions in rats. Hon alleviates DN pathogenesis possibly by attenuating ER stress and Rock pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Ajay Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ropar, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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13
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Lin CC, Li CI, Liu CS, Liao LN, Yang CW, Lin CH, Yang SY, Li TC. Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003197. [PMID: 36828641 PMCID: PMC9971832 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies support the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) level and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes. The research question regarding whether the relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and DN is causal lacks experimental evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the causality between hsCRP and DN based on Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2332 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Taiwan Biobank database was analyzed. Genetic risk scores (GRSs), which comprise four validated CRP loci as two instrumental variables, were calculated as unweighted and weighted scores to evaluate the causal relationship of hsCRP with DN risk. The two-stage regression model was used to estimate OR and 95% CI. RESULTS The analyses of the observational study showed that the hsCRP level was significantly associated with DN after multivariate adjustment (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32). Unweighted/weighted GRSs for log-transformed hsCRP satisfied MR assumptions 1 and 3, respectively; that is, a significant association with hsCRP was observed but that with DN was absent (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.09; 1.00, 0.72 to 1.39, respectively). The MR analyses demonstrated that a 1-unit increase in the log-transformed genetically predicted hsCRP by unweighted and weighted GRSs was associated with DN, demonstrating ORs of 1.80 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.14) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided experimental evidence that hsCRP level was causally related to DN. These findings suggest that the elevated hsCRP may be a causal risk factor for DN in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Liao
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Chung JYF, Tang PMK, Chan MKK, Wang L, Huang XR, To KF, Ma RC, Lan HY. AANG Prevents Smad3-dependent Diabetic Nephropathy by Restoring Pancreatic β-Cell Development in db/db Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5489-5502. [PMID: 36147472 PMCID: PMC9461652 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, where TGF-β1/Smad signaling plays an important role in the disease progression. Our previous studies demonstrated a combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine derived Smad7 agonist Asiatic Acid (AA) and Smad3 inhibitor Naringenin (NG), AANG, effectively suppressed the progression of renal fibrosis in vivo. However, its implication in type-2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) is still unexplored. Here, we detected progressive activation of Smad3 but reduction of Smad7 in db/db mice during T2DN development. Therefore, we optimized the dosage and the combination ratio of AANG to achieve a better rebalancing Smad3/Smad7 signaling for treatment of T2DN. Unexpectedly, preventive treatment with combined AANG from week 4 before the development of diabetes and T2DN effectively protected against the onset of T2DN. In contract, these inhibitory effects were lost when db/db mice received the late AANG treatment from 12-24 weeks. Surprisingly, preventive treatment with AANG ameliorated not only T2DN but also the primary disease type-2 diabetes (T2D) with relative normal levels of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, and largely improving metabolic abnormalities especially on insulin insensitivity and glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Mechanistically, AANG effectively prevented both Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation in the diabetic kidney in vivo and advanced glycation end-products (AGE) stimulated tubular epithelial mTEC cells in vitro. More importantly, we uncovered that preventive treatment with AANG effectively protected against diabetic-associated islet injury via restoring the β cell development in db/db mice. Taken together, we discovered that the early treatment with combined AANG can effectively protect against the development of T2D and T2DN via mechanism associated with protection against Smad3-depenedent islet injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Ronald Cw Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Association between CRP polymorphisms and susceptibility to the diabetic nephropathy; A case-control study. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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You YK, Wu WF, Huang XR, Li HD, Ren YP, Zeng JC, Chen H, Lan HY. Deletion of Smad3 protects against C-reactive protein-induced renal fibrosis and inflammation in obstructive nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3911-3922. [PMID: 34671208 PMCID: PMC8495386 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are closely associated with progressive renal injury in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we tested a hypothesis that CRP may promote renal fibrosis and inflammation via a TGF-β/Smad3-dependent mechanism. Methods: Role and mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad3 in CRP-induced renal fibrosis and inflammation were examined in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) induced in CRP Tg/Smad3 KO mice and in a rat tubular epithelial cell line in which Smad3 gene is stably knocked down (S3KD-NRK52E). Results: We found that mice overexpressing the human CRP gene were largely promoted renal inflammation and fibrosis as evidenced by increasing IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 expression, F4/80+ macrophages infiltration, and marked accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and fibronectin in the UUO kidney, which were blunted when Smad3 gene was deleted in CRPtg-Smad3KO. Mechanistically, we found that the protection of renal inflammation and fibrosis in the UUO kidney of CRPtg-Smad3KO mice was associated with the inactivation of CD32-NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Conclusion: In conclusion, Smad3 deficiency protects against CRP-mediated renal inflammation and fibrosis in the UUO kidney by inactivating CD32-NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ke You
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,CUHK-Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Disease, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Ping Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zeng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,CUHK-Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Disease, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Li M, Fan R, Peng X, Huang J, Zou H, Yu X, Yang Y, Shi X, Ma D. Association of ANGPTL8 and Resistin With Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:695750. [PMID: 34603198 PMCID: PMC8479106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.695750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed altered angiopoietin-like protein-8 (ANGPTL-8) and resistin circulating levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether or not the alteration in ANGPTL-8 and resistin level can be a predictive maker for increased diabetic nephropathy risk remains unclear. Aim To Investigate the possible association of ANGPTL-8 and resistin with DN, and whether this association is affected by NAFLD status. Methods A total of 278 T2DM patients were enrolled. Serum levels of ANGPTL8, resistin, BMI, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FPG), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, liver, and kidney function tests were assessed. The relationship between DN with ANGPTL8 and resistin was analyzed in the unadjusted and multiple-adjusted regression models. Results Serum levels of ANGPTL8 and resistin were significantly higher in DN compared with T2DM subjects without DN (respectively; P <0.001), especially in non-NAFLD populations. ANGPTL8 and resistin showed positive correlation with hs-CRP (respectively; P<0.01), and negative correlation with estimated GFR (eGFR) (respectively; P=<0.001) but no significant correlation to HOMA-IR(respectively; P>0.05). Analysis showed ANGPTL8 levels were positively associated with resistin but only in T2DM patients with DN(r=0.1867; P<0.05), and this significant correlation disappeared in T2DM patients without DN. After adjusting for confounding factors, both ANGPTL8(OR=2.095, 95%CI 1.253-3.502 P=0.005) and resistin (OR=2.499, 95%CI 1.484-4.208 P=0.001) were risk factors for DN. Data in non-NAFLD population increased the relationship between ANGPTL8 (OR=2.713, 95% CI 1.494-4.926 P=0.001), resistin (OR=4.248, 95% CI 2.260-7.987 P<0.001)and DN. The area under the curve (AUC) on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the combination of ANGPTL8 and resistin was 0.703, and the specificity was 70.4%. These data were also increased in non-NAFLD population, as the AUC (95%CI) was 0.756, and the specificity was 91.2%. Conclusion This study highlights a close association between ANGPTL8, resistin and DN, especially in non-NAFLD populations. These results suggest that ANGPTL-8 and resistin may be risk predictors of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongping Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemin Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajie Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - DeLin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Luan YY, Yin CH, Yao YM. Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720363. [PMID: 34447386 PMCID: PMC8382792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan dysfunction. It has been documented that severe COVID-19 is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators than a mild disease, and tracking these markers may allow early identification or even prediction of disease progression. It is well known that C-reactive protein (CRP) is the acute-phase protein and the active regulator of host innate immunity, which is highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation and may guide escalation of treatment of COVID-19-related uncontrolled inflammation. There are numerous causes of an elevated CRP, including acute and chronic responses, and these can be infectious or non-infectious in etiology. CRP are normally lacking in viral infections, while adaptive immunity appears to be essential for COVID-19 virus clearance, and the macrophage activation syndrome may explain the high serum CRP contents and contribute to the disease progression. Nevertheless, for the assessment of host inflammatory status and identification of viral infection in other pathologies, such as bacterial sepsis, the acute-phase proteins, including CRP and procalcitonin, can provide more important information for guiding clinical diagnosis and antibiotic therapy. This review is aimed to highlight the current and most recent studies with regard to the clinical significance of CRP in severe COVID-19 and other viral associated illnesses, including update advances on the implication of CRP and its form specifically on the pathogenesis of these diseases. The progressive understanding in these areas may be translated into promising measures to prevent severe outcomes and mitigate appropriate treatment modalities in critical COVID-19 and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Luan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Mertens C, Marques O, Horvat NK, Simonetti M, Muckenthaler MU, Jung M. The Macrophage Iron Signature in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168457. [PMID: 34445160 PMCID: PMC8395084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, macrophages are located in every tissue of the body, where their main roles are to phagocytose cellular debris and recycle aging red blood cells. In the tissue niche, they promote homeostasis through trophic, regulatory, and repair functions by responding to internal and external stimuli. This in turn polarizes macrophages into a broad spectrum of functional activation states, also reflected in their iron-regulated gene profile. The fast adaptation to the environment in which they are located helps to maintain tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mertens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.J.); Tel.: +(49)-622-156-4582 (C.M.); +(49)-696-301-6931 (M.J.)
| | - Oriana Marques
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie K. Horvat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and the Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Simonetti
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martina U. Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.J.); Tel.: +(49)-622-156-4582 (C.M.); +(49)-696-301-6931 (M.J.)
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20
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Chen J, Wang W, Tang Y, Huang XR, Yu X, Lan HY. Inflammatory stress in SARS-COV-2 associated Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1497-1506. [PMID: 33907513 PMCID: PMC8071761 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing clinical evidence shows that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The older age, the severity of COVID-19 infection, the ethnicity, and the history of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are the risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients. Of them, inflammation may be a key player in the pathogenesis of AKI in patients with COVID-19. It is highly possible that SARS-COV-2 infection may trigger the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways including angiotensin II, cytokine storm such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), TGF-β signaling, complement activation, and lung-kidney crosstalk to cause AKI. Thus, treatments by targeting these inflammatory molecules and pathways with a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 (Tocilizumab), C3 inhibitor AMY-101, anti-C5 antibody, anti-TGF-β OT-101, and the use of CRRT in critically ill patients may represent as novel and specific therapies for AKI in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Chen
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated hospital, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated hospital, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-ru Huang
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Sheriff A, Kayser S, Brunner P, Vogt B. C-Reactive Protein Triggers Cell Death in Ischemic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630430. [PMID: 33679775 PMCID: PMC7934421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is the best-known acute phase protein. In humans, almost every type of inflammation is accompanied by an increase of CRP concentration. Until recently, the only known physiological function of CRP was the marking of cells to initiate their phagocytosis. This triggers the classical complement pathway up to C4, which helps to eliminate pathogens and dead cells. However, vital cells with reduced energy supply are also marked, which is useful in the case of a classical external wound because an important substrate for pathogens is disposed of, but is counterproductive at internal wounds (e.g., heart attack or stroke). This mechanism negatively affects clinical outcomes since it is established that CRP levels correlate with the prognosis of these indications. Here, we summarize what we can learn from a clinical study in which CRP was adsorbed from the bloodstream by CRP-apheresis. Recently, it was shown that CRP can have a direct effect on blood pressure in rabbits. This is interesting in regard to patients with high inflammation, as they often become tachycardic and need catecholamines. These two physiological effects of CRP apparently also occur in COVID-19. Parts of the lung become ischemic due to intra-alveolar edema and hemorrhage and in parallel CRP increases dramatically, hence it is assumed that CRP is also involved in this ischemic condition. It is meanwhile considered that most of the damage in COVID-19 is caused by the immune system. The high amounts of CRP could have an additional influence on blood pressure in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sheriff
- Pentracor GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik m.S. Gastroenterologie/Infektiologie/Rheumatologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophages play an important role in regulating homeostasis, kidney injury, repair, and tissue fibrogenesis. The present review will discuss recent advances that explore the novel subsets and functions of macrophage in the pathogenesis of kidney damage and hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages differentiate into a variety of subsets in microenvironment-dependent manner. Although the M1/M2 nomenclature is still applied in considering the pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory effects of macrophages in kidney injury, novel, and accurate macrophage phenotypes are defined by flow cytometric markers and single-cell RNA signatures. Studies exploring the crosstalk between macrophages and other cells are rapidly advancing with the additional recognition of exosome trafficking between cells. Using murine conditional mutants, actions of macrophage can be defined more precisely than in bone marrow transfer models. Some studies revealed the opposing effects of the same protein in renal parenchymal cells and macrophages, highlighting a need for the development of cell-specific immune therapies for translation. SUMMARY Macrophage-targeted therapies hold potential for limiting kidney injury and hypertension. To realize this potential, future studies will be required to understand precise mechanisms in macrophage polarization, crosstalk, proliferation, and maturation in the setting of renal disease.
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23
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Yang C, Chen XC, Li ZH, Wu HL, Jing KP, Huang XR, Ye L, Wei B, Lan HY, Liu HF. SMAD3 promotes autophagy dysregulation by triggering lysosome depletion in tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy 2020; 17:2325-2344. [PMID: 33043774 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1824694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy dysregulation has been noted in diabetic nephropathy; however, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain unclear. In this study, we showed that SMAD3 (SMAD family member 3), the key effector of TGFB (transforming growth factor beta)-SMAD signaling, induces lysosome depletion via the inhibition of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis. The pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of SMAD3 restored lysosome biogenesis activity by alleviating the suppression of TFEB, thereby protecting lysosomes from depletion and improving autophagic flux in renal tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, we found that SMAD3 directly binds to the 3'-UTR of TFEB and inhibits its transcription. Silencing TFEB suppressed lysosome biogenesis and resulted in a loss of the protective effects of SMAD3 inactivation on lysosome depletion under diabetic conditions. In conclusion, SMAD3 promotes lysosome depletion via the inhibition of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis; this may be an important mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; CTSB: cathepsin B; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-BSA: control bovine serum albumin; DN: diabetic nephropathy; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FN1: fibronectin 1; HAVCR1/TIM1/KIM-1: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosome membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NC: negative control; SIS3: specific inhibitor of SMAD3; SMAD3: SMAD family member 3; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TECs: tubular epithelial cells; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFB1: transforming growth factor beta 1; TGFBR1: transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; UTR: untranslated region; VPS11: VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Luan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Peng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Wei
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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24
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Tang PMK, Zhang YY, Hung JSC, Chung JYF, Huang XR, To KF, Lan HY. DPP4/CD32b/NF-κB Circuit: A Novel Druggable Target for Inhibiting CRP-Driven Diabetic Nephropathy. Mol Ther 2020; 29:365-375. [PMID: 32956626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, but treatment remains ineffective. C-reactive protein (CRP) is pathogenic in DN, which significantly correlated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) expression in diabetic patients with unknown reason. Here, using our unique CRPtg-db/db mice, we observed human CRP markedly induced renal DPP4 associated with enhanced kidney injury compared with db/db mice. Interestingly, linagliptin, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved specific DPP4 inhibitor, effectively blocked this CRP-driven DN in the CRPtg-db/db mice. Mechanistically, CRP evoked DPP4 in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, where CD32b/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling markedly enriched p65 binding on the DPP4 promoter region to increase its transcription. Unexpectedly, we further discovered that CRP triggers dimerization of DPP4 with CD32b at protein level, forming a novel DPP4/CD32b/NF-κB signaling circuit for promoting CRP-mediated DN. More importantly, linagliptin effectively blocked the circuit, thereby inhibiting the CRP/CD32b/NF-κB-driven renal inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, DPP4 may represent a precise druggable target for CRP-driven DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica Shuk-Chun Hung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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25
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Liu L, Gao B, Wang J, Yang C, Wu S, Wu Y, Chen S, Li Q, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen M, Zhao MH, Zhang L. Clinical significance of single and persistent elevation of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels for prediction of kidney outcomes in patients with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus. J Nephrol 2020; 34:1179-1188. [PMID: 32880885 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and chronic kidney disease remains controversial and long-term longitudinal studies are limited. We aim to investigate the impact of single and persistent elevation of hs-CRP on kidney outcomes. METHODS Our study was based on a subgroup of patients with hyperglycemia from the Kailuan cohort. Patients were divided into three groups according to two consecutive hs-CRP levels: (1) no elevation (twice hs-CRP < 3 mg/L); (2) single elevation (once hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L); (3) persistent elevation (twice hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L). Kidney outcomes include kidney function decline (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] decline ≥ 30% within two years or doubling of serum c reatinine or development of end stage kidney disease [ESKD]), development and progression of proteinuria. RESULTS Regarding the outcomes of kidney function decline, development and progression of proteinuria, we included 18,665, 11,754 and 1710 patients into analyses, respectively. After 5 years of follow-up, the number of incident cases of kidney function decline, development and progression of proteinuria were 1891, 1337 and 171, respectively. Compared to patients with no elevation of hs-CRP levels, those with persistent but not single elevation of hs-CRP were at higher risk of kidney function decline (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.64) and development of proteinuria (1.49, 1.26-1.76), but not progression of proteinuria. The results were consistent with propensity score analysis. CONCLUSION Persistent but not single elevation of hs-CRP was independently associated with increased risk of kidney function decline, and development of proteinuria but not progression in patients with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bixia Gao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Health Care Center, Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxia Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Meng J, Qin Y, Chen J, Wei L, Huang XR, Yu X, Lan HY. Treatment of Hypertensive Heart Disease by Targeting Smad3 Signaling in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:791-802. [PMID: 32953930 PMCID: PMC7475647 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling plays a central role in chronic heart disease. Here, we report that targeting Smad3 with a Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 in an established mouse model of hypertension significantly improved cardiac dysfunctions by preserving the left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional shortening (LVFS), while reducing the LV mass. In addition, SIS3 treatment also halted the progression of myocardial fibrosis by blocking α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) myofibroblasts and collagen matrix accumulation, and inhibited cardiac inflammation by suppressing interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) expression, and infiltration of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages. Interestingly, treatment with SIS3 did not alter levels of high blood pressure, revealing a blood pressure-independent cardioprotective effect of SIS3. Mechanistically, treatment with SIS3 not only directly inactivated TGF-β/Smad3 signaling but also protected cardiac Smad7 from Smurf2-mediated proteasomal ubiquitin degradation. Because Smad7 functions as an inhibitor for both TGF-β/Smad and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, increased cardiac Smad7 could be another mechanism through which SIS3 treatment blocked Smad3-mediated myocardial fibrosis and NF-κB-driven cardiac inflammation. In conclusion, SIS3 is a therapeutic agent for hypertensive heart disease. Results from this study demonstrate that targeting Smad3 signaling with SIS3 may be a novel and effective therapy for chronic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junzhe Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lihua Wei
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Fang Z, Lv J, Wang J, Qin Q, He J, Wang M, Zhou G, Liu G, Zhong F, Zheng Y, Lan HY, Wang Q. C-Reactive Protein Promotes the Activation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes From Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:958. [PMID: 32508836 PMCID: PMC7251027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the biological effect and mechanisms of C-reactive protein (CRP) on the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Study design: To understand if CRP is involved in RA, expression of CRP and its receptors CD32/64 was examined in synovial tissues from RA patients and normal controls. In vitro, the potential role and mechanisms of CRP in FLS proliferation and invasion, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of signaling pathways were investigated in both RA - FLS and a normal human fibroblast-like synoviocyte line (HFLS). Results: Compared to normal controls, synovial tissues from 21 RA patients exhibited highly activated CRP signaling, particularly by FLSs as identified by 65% of CRP-expressing cells being CRP+vimentin+ and CD32/64+vimentin+ cells. In vitro, FLSs from RA patients, but not HFLS, showed highly reactive to CRP by largely increasing proliferative and invasive activities and expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including CCL2, CXCL8, IL-6, and MMP2/9. All these changes were blocked largely by a neutralizing antibody to CD32 and, to a less extent by the anti-CD64 antibody, revealing CD32 as a primary mechanism of CRP signaling during synovial inflammation. Further studies revealed that CRP also induced synovial inflammation differentially via CD32/CD64- NF-κB or p38 pathways as blockade of CRP-CD32-NF-κB signaling inhibited CXCL8, CCL2, IL-6, whereas CRP induced RA-FLS invasiveness through CD32-p38 and MMP9 expression via the CD64-p38-dependent mechanism. Conclusions: CRP signaling is highly activated in synovial FLSs from patients with RA. CRP can induce synovial inflammation via mechanisms associated with activation of CD32/64-p38 and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Fang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiyang Lv
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingxia Qin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiying Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gengmin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyu Liu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fubo Zhong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yadan Zheng
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Klen J, Goričar K, Horvat S, Stojan J, Dolžan V. DEPTOR polymorphisms influence late complications in Type 2 diabetes patients. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:879-890. [PMID: 31453770 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated if DEPTOR polymorphisms influence metabolic parameters and risk for vascular complications in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods: T2D patients were genotyped for DEPTOR rs7840156, rs2271900 and rs4871827. We built low homology model of DEPTOR to check the position of two investigated substitutions within the protein 3D structure. Results: Carriers of polymorphic DEPTOR rs4871827 A allele had higher HDL cholesterol than noncarriers (p = 0.008). Risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications was increased in rs4871827 GG normal genotype carriers (p = 0.006 and p = 0.021, respectively). Low homology model of DEPTOR has shown that p.Ser389Asn substitution resulting from rs4871827 polymorphism is located at the interaction surface with mTOR. Conclusion: Our data suggest role of DEPTOR polymorphism in T2D vascular complication. First draft submitted: xxx; Accepted for publication: xxx; Published online: TBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Klen
- At time of writing: General Hospital Trbovlje, Rudarska cesta 9, 1420 Trbovlje, Slovenia.,At time of publication: Division of Surgery, Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška c. 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goričar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Animal Science Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Zhou ZF, Jiang L, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Chen QK, Lv JL. Roles of pattern recognition receptors in diabetic nephropathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:192-203. [PMID: 32133797 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the most common complication of diabetes. It is considered to be one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and affects many diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DN is extremely complex and has not yet been clarified; however, in recent years, increasing evidence has shown the important role of innate immunity in DN pathogenesis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important components of the innate immune system and have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we classify PRRs into secretory, endocytic, and signal transduction PRRs according to the relationship between the PRRs and subcellular compartments. PRRs can recognize related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thus triggering a series of inflammatory responses, promoting renal fibrosis, and finally causing renal impairment. In this review, we describe the proposed role of each type of PRRs in the development and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qin-Kai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin-Lei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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30
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Potashkin J, Huang X, Becker C, Chen H, Foltynie T, Marras C. Understanding the links between cardiovascular disease and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:55-74. [PMID: 31483535 PMCID: PMC6981000 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between genetic or environmental factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have uncovered a number of factors shared with cardiovascular disease, either as risk factors or manifestations of cardiovascular disease itself. Older age, male sex, and possibly type 2 diabetes are examples. On the other hand, coffee consumption and physical activity are each associated with a lower risk of both PD and cardiovascular disease. This observation raises questions about the underlying pathophysiological links between cardiovascular disease and PD. There is evidence for common mechanisms in the areas of glucose metabolism, cellular stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. On the other hand, smoking and total/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol appear to have opposite associations with cardiovascular disease and PD. Thus, it is uncertain whether the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors will impact on the onset or progression of PD. The available data suggest that a nuanced approach is necessary to manage risk factors such as cholesterol levels once the associations are better understood. Ultimately, the choice of therapy may be tailored to a patient's comorbidity profile. This review presents the epidemiological evidence for both concordant and discordant associations between cardiovascular disease and PD, discusses the cellular and metabolic processes that may underlie these links, and explores the implications this has for patient care and future research. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Potashkin
- The Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Translational Brain Research Center and Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Becker
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Sinha SK, Nicholas SB, Sung JH, Correa A, Rajavashisth TB, Norris KC, Lee JE. hs-CRP Is Associated With Incident Diabetic Nephropathy: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:2083-2089. [PMID: 31511234 PMCID: PMC6804609 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African Americans (AA) suffer disproportionately from diabetic nephropathy (DN). C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with prevalent DN, but its association with incident DN in AA is unknown. We examined hs-CRP and incident DN in AA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a longitudinal analysis of data from exams 1, 2, and 3 in 4,043 eligible Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants. Participants with DN or without hs-CRP at exam 1 were excluded. Incident DN was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) >30 mg/g or self-reported dialysis/transplantation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or HbA1c >6.5% by exam 2 or 3 among participants free of DN at exam 1. Kaplan-Meier curves examined DN event-free survival probability by hs-CRP. With Cox proportional hazards regression we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for DN by hs-CRP tertiles, adjusting for demographics and clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS During 7.8 years of median follow-up time, participants who developed DN had significantly higher baseline hs-CRP, age, fasting glucose, triglycerides, ACR, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and duration of DM (P < 0.05). The overall incident rate of DN was 7.9%. The mean time to incident DN was shorter for participants with hs-CRP in the high tertile (>4.24 mg/L) than in the low tertile (<1.46 mg/L); P < 0.001. Participants with high hs-CRP had higher incidence of DN (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.04-5.24) versus the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation, as measured by hs-CRP levels, may be associated with incident DN in AA. Further studies are warranted to replicate and elucidate the basis for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K Sinha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA .,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susanne B Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jung Hye Sung
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Tripathi B Rajavashisth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
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32
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Wang G, Ouyang J, Li S, Wang H, Lian B, Liu Z, Xie L. The analysis of risk factors for diabetic nephropathy progression and the construction of a prognostic database for chronic kidney diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:264. [PMID: 31409386 PMCID: PMC6693179 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects about 40% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) all over the world, especially in high- and middle-income countries. Most DN has been present for years before it is diagnosed. Currently, the treatment of DN is mainly to prevent or delay disease progression. Although many important molecules have been discovered in hypothesis-driven research over the past two decades, advances in DN management and new drug development have been very limited. Moreover, current animal/cell models could not replicate all the features of human DN, while the development of Epigenetics further demonstrates the complexity of the mechanism of DN progression. To capture the key pathways and molecules that actually affect DN progression from numerous published studies, we collected and analyzed human DN prognostic markers (independent risk factors for DN progression). Methods One hundred and fifty-one DN prognostic markers were collected manually by reading 2365 papers published between 01/01/2002 and 12/15/2018. One hundred and fifteen prognostic markers of other four common CKDs were also collected. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was done using g:Profiler, and a relationship network was built based on the KEGG database. Tissue origin distribution was derived mainly from The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and a database of these prognostic markers was constructed using PHP Version 5.5.15 and HTML5. Results Several pathways were significantly enriched corresponding to different end point events. It is shown that the TNF signaling pathway plays a role through the process of DN progression and adipocytokine signaling pathway is uniquely enriched in ESRD. Molecules, such as TNF, IL6, SOD2, etc. are very important for DN progression, among which, it seems that “AGER” plays a pivotal role in the mechanism. A database, dbPKD, was constructed containing all the collected prognostic markers. Conclusions This study developed a database for all prognostic markers of five common CKDs, offering some bioinformatics analyses of DN prognostic markers, and providing useful insights towards understanding the fundamental mechanism of human DN progression and for identifying new therapeutic targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-2016-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210016, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shen Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Baofeng Lian
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210016, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhang YY, Tang PMK, Tang PCT, Xiao J, Huang XR, Yu C, Ma RCW, Lan HY. LRNA9884, a Novel Smad3-Dependent Long Noncoding RNA, Promotes Diabetic Kidney Injury in db/ db Mice via Enhancing MCP-1-Dependent Renal Inflammation. Diabetes 2019; 68:1485-1498. [PMID: 31048367 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signaling plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy, but its underlying working mechanism remains largely unexplored. The current study uncovered the pathogenic role and underlying mechanism of a novel Smad3-dependent long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) (LRNA9884) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). We found that LRNA9884 was significantly upregulated in the diabetic kidney of db/db mice at the age of 8 weeks preceding the onset of microalbuminuria and was associated with the progression of diabetic renal injury. LRNA9884 was induced by advanced glycation end products and tightly regulated by Smad3, and its levels were significantly blunted in db/db mice and cells lacking Smad3. More importantly, kidney-specific silencing of LRNA9884 effectively attenuated diabetic kidney injury in db/db mice, as shown by the reduction of histological injury, albuminuria excretion, and serum creatinine. Mechanistically, we identified that LRNA9884 promoted renal inflammation-driven T2DN by triggering MCP-1 production at the transcriptional level, and its direct binding significantly enhanced the promoter activity of MCP-1. Thus, LRNA9884 is a novel Smad3-dependent lncRNA that is highly expressed in db/db mice associated with T2DN development. Targeting of LRNA9884 effectively blocked MCP-1-dependent renal inflammation, therefore suppressing the progressive diabetic renal injury in db/db mice. This study reveals that LRNA9884 may be a novel and precision therapeutic target for T2DN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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34
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You YK, Luo Q, Wu WF, Zhang JJ, Zhu HJ, Lao L, Lan HY, Chen HY, Cheng YX. Petchiether A attenuates obstructive nephropathy by suppressing TGF-β/Smad3 and NF-κB signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5576-5587. [PMID: 31211499 PMCID: PMC6652659 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive nephropathy is the end result of a variety of diseases that block drainage from the kidney(s). Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad3‐driven renal fibrosis is the common pathogenesis of obstructive nephropathy. In this study, we identified petchiether A (petA), a novel small‐molecule meroterpenoid from Ganoderma, as a potential inhibitor of TGF‐β1‐induced Smad3 phosphorylation. The obstructive nephropathy was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of petA/vehicle before and after UUO or sham operation. An in vivo study revealed that petA protected against renal inflammation and fibrosis by reducing the infiltration of macrophages, inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α) and reducing extracellular matrix deposition (α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I and fibronectin) in the obstructed kidney of UUO mice; these changes were associated with suppression of Smad3 and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation. Petchiether A inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in vitro and down‐regulated the expression of the fibrotic marker collagen I in TGF‐β1‐treated renal epithelial cells. Further, we found that petA dose‐dependently suppressed Smad3‐responsive promoter activity, indicating that petA inhibits gene expression downstream of the TGF‐β/Smad3 signalling pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that petA protects against renal inflammation and fibrosis by selectively inhibiting TGF‐β/Smad3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ke You
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang YY, Tan RZ, Zhang XQ, Yu Y, Yu C. Calycosin Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Renal Inflammation via the NF-κB Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1671-1678. [PMID: 30830898 PMCID: PMC6413560 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is one of the primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is increasingly diagnosed in patients due to the continuous increase in the prevalence of diabetic mellitus (DM). Astragali Radix, a traditional Chinese herb, is widely administrated to ameliorate the symptoms of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, but its mechanism is still not yet fully defined. Calycosin (C₁₆H₁₂O₅) is the major active component of Astragali Radix. In this study, we analyzed the role of calycosin in diabetic nephropathy and explored its underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell activation, inflammatory cytokines expression and secretion, and protein levels were analyzed in cultured mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTEC). db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/(kg·d) calycosin or control saline for 4 weeks, followed by analysis of structure injury, inflammation, and NF-κB signaling activity. RESULTS Our results indicated that TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), but calycosin remarkably reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the cultured mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTEC). Calycosin effectively alleviated kidney injury in diabetic kidneys of db/db mice during the progression of diabetic renal injury, indicated by the reduction of histological injury and immunohistochemical of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we identified calycosin inhibited diabetes-induced inflammation in kidneys by suppressing the phosphorylation of IKBa and NF-κB p65 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Calycosin significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced renal inflammation in diabetic renal injury by inhibition of the NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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36
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Zhang L, Shen ZY, Wang K, Li W, Shi JM, Osoro EK, Ullah N, Zhou Y, Ji SR. C-reactive protein exacerbates epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin and ERK signaling in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2019; 33:6551-6563. [PMID: 30794428 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801865rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the pathogenic role of C-reactive protein (CRP) during diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in human CRP transgenic and Crp-/- mice. However, because humans and mice have inverse acute phase expression patterns of CRP and serum amyloid P component, this could lead to the inaccurate evaluation of CRP function with the above-mentioned CRP transgenic mouse. But different from mice, rats have the same acute phase protein expression pattern as human, which might avoid this problem and be a better choice for CRP function studies. To dispel this doubt and accurately define the role of CRP during diabetic nephropathy, we created the first Crp-/- rat model, which we treated with streptozocin to induce DKD for in vivo studies. Moreover, an established cell line (human kidney 2) was used to further investigate the pathologic mechanisms of CRP. We found that CRP promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through Wnt/β-catenin and ERK1/2 signaling, which are dependent on CRP binding to FcγRII on apoptotic cells. By promoting EMT, CRP was demonstrated to accelerate the development of DKD. We thus present convincing evidence demonstrating CRP as a therapeutic target for DKD treatment.-Zhang, L., Shen, Z.-Y., Wang, K., Li, W., Shi, J.-M., Osoro, E. K., Ullah, N., Zhou, Y., Ji, S.-R. C-reactive protein exacerbates epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin and ERK signaling in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Shen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Ming Shi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ezra Kombo Osoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shang-Rong Ji
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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37
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Broderick TL, Sennott JM, Gutkowska J, Jankowski M. Anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects of exercise training in cardiac muscle of diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:565-573. [PMID: 31118719 PMCID: PMC6499146 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s197127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Improved glycemic control and cardiovascular function are major benefits of regular exercise training (ET) in type 2 diabetes. Recent work has demonstrated that ET improves cardiac and vascular functions independent of obesity, inflammation, and glucose control in the diabetic db/db mouse. In this study, we determined whether ET can overcome the effects of elevated inflammatory cytokines and hyperglycemia on markers of cardiac angiogenesis and inflammation in the diabetic mouse. Methods: Male diabetic db/db mice were assigned to a sedentary and exercise-trained group. Sedentary lean control littermates were used as controls. ET was performed at moderate intensity on a treadmill 5 days a week for a period of 8 weeks. After ET, blood was collected for assay of glucose, hemoglobin (HB and HB1AC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6. Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance (IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and angiogenesis (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], vascular endothelial growth factor-A [VEGF-A], and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α]) were measured in hearts. Results: Diabetic db/db mice remained obese and hyperglycemic after ET. Percent total HB and HB1AC were significantly higher in ET db/db mice compared to sedentary db/db mice, indicating further deterioration of glucose control with ET. Plasma levels of CRP and IL-6 were higher in sedentary db/db mice compared to control mice and were unaffected by ET. However, in the presence of hyperglycemia and elevated plasma cytokines, protein expression of eNOS, mRNA expression of VEGF-A, and HIF-1α was increased in db/db hearts after ET. On the other hand, protein expression of TNF-α and mRNA expression IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly decreased by ET in hearts of db/db mice. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ET improves cardiac markers of angiogenesis, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction in the db/db mouse. This was observed independently of obesity, hyperglycemia, and the systemic inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Correspondence: Tom L BroderickLaboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59 Avenue, Glendale, AZ85308, USATel +1 623 572 3664Fax +1 623 572 3673Email
| | - Jacqueline M Sennott
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Education H23, Saint-Joseph Mercy Health System, Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - Jolanta Gutkowska
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM (7-134), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marek Jankowski
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM (7-134), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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38
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Luan YY, Yao YM. The Clinical Significance and Potential Role of C-Reactive Protein in Chronic Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1302. [PMID: 29951057 PMCID: PMC6008573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein synthesized by hepatocytes in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammatory/infectious processes. CRP exists in conformationally distinct forms such as the native pentameric CRP and monomeric CRP (mCRP) and may bind to distinct receptors and lipid rafts and exhibit different functional properties. It is known as a biomarker of acute inflammation, but many large-scale prospective studies demonstrate that CRP is also known to be associated with chronic inflammation. This review is focused on discussing the clinical significance of CRP in chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, age-related macular degeneration, hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, including recent advances on the implication of CRP and its forms specifically on the pathogenesis of these diseases. Overall, we highlight the advances in these areas that may be translated into promising measures for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Luan
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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39
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Liu P, Peng L, Zhang H, Tang PMK, Zhao T, Yan M, Zhao H, Huang X, Lan H, Li P. Tangshen Formula Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy by Promoting ABCA1-Mediated Renal Cholesterol Efflux in db/db Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:343. [PMID: 29681863 PMCID: PMC5897509 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The commonly prescribed Tangshen Formula (TSF) is a traditional Chinese formulation that has been shown to reduce plasma lipid metabolism and proteinuria and improve the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with diabetic kidney disease. This study investigated the underlying mechanism whereby TSF regulates renal lipid accumulation and ameliorates diabetic renal injuries in spontaneous diabetic db/db mice and in vitro in sodium palmitate (PA)-stimulated and Abca1-SiRNA-transfected mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs). The results revealed that TSF treatment significantly ameliorated the renal injuries by lowering urinary albumin excretion and improving renal tissue injuries in diabetic (db/db) mice. Interestingly, the treatment with TSF also resulted in decreased cholesterol levels in the renal tissues of db/db mice, which was associated with increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), the Liver X receptors (LXR), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), suggesting that TSF might attenuate diabetic kidney injury via a mechanism associated with improving cholesterol efflux in the diabetic kidney. This was investigated in vitro in mTECs, and the results showed that TSF reduced the PA-stimulated cholesterol accumulation in mTECs. Mechanistically, the addition of TSF was capable of reversing PA-induced downregulation of PGC-1α, LXR, and ABCA1 expression and cholesterol accumulation in mTECs, suggesting that TSF might act the protection via the PGC-1α-LXR-ABCA1 pathway to improve the cholesterol efflux in the renal tissues of db/db mice. This was further confirmed by silencing ABCA1 to block the promotive effect of TSF on cholesterol efflux in vitro. In conclusion, TSF might ameliorate diabetic kidney injuries by promoting ABCA1-mediated renal cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoru Huang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huiyao Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sun SF, Tang PMK, Feng M, Xiao J, Huang XR, Li P, Ma RCW, Lan HY. Novel lncRNA Erbb4-IR Promotes Diabetic Kidney Injury in db/db Mice by Targeting miR-29b. Diabetes 2018; 67:731-744. [PMID: 29222368 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy. The current study identified a novel Smad3-dependent long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Erbb4-IR in the development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) in db/db mice. We found that Erbb4-IR was highly expressed in T2DN of db/db mice and specifically induced by advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) via a Smad3-dependent mechanism. The functional role of Erbb4-IR in T2DN was revealed by kidney-specific silencing of Erbb4-IR to protect against the development of T2DN, such as elevated microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, and progressive renal fibrosis in db/db mice, and to block AGE-induced collagen I and IV expression in mouse mesangial cells (mMCs) and mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs). Mechanistically, we identified that the Erbb4-IR-microRNA (miR)-29b axis was a key mechanism of T2DN because Erbb4-IR was able to bind the 3' untranslated region of miR-29b genomic sequence to suppress miR-29b expression at transcriptional level. In contrast, silencing of renal Erbb4-IR increased miR-29b and therefore protected the kidney from progressive renal injury in db/db mice and prevented mTECs and mMCs from AGE-induced loss of miR-29b and fibrotic response in vitro. Collectively, we identify that Erbb4-IR is a Smad3-dependent lncRNA that promotes renal fibrosis in T2DN by suppressing miR-29b. Targeting Erbb4-IR may represent a novel therapy for T2DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si F Sun
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick M K Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao R Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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41
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Liu N, Xu L, Shi Y, Fang L, Gu H, Wang H, Ding X, Zhuang S. Pharmacologic targeting ERK1/2 attenuates the development and progression of hyperuricemic nephropathy in rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33807-33826. [PMID: 28442634 PMCID: PMC5464913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced chronic kidney disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether extracellular signal–regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) would contribute to the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). In a rat model of HN induced by feeding mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, in parallel with diminished levels of renal function and increased urine microalbumin excretion. Administration of U0126, which is a selective inhibitor of the ERK1/2 pathway, improved renal function, decreased urine microalbumin and inhibited activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts as well as accumulation of extracellular proteins. U0126 also inhibited hyperuricemia-induced expression of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines and infiltration of macrophages in the kidney. Furthermore, U0126 treatment suppressed xanthine oxidase, which mediates uric acid production. It also reduced expression of the urate anion exchanger 1, which promotes reabsorption of uric acid, and preserved expression of organic anion transporters 1 and 3, which accelerate uric acid excretion in the kidney of hyperuricemic rats. Finally, U0126 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad3, a key mediator in transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by siRNA suppressed uric acid-induced activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts. Collectively, pharmacologic targeting of ERK1/2 can alleviate HN by suppressing TGF-β signaling, reducing inflammation responses, and inhibiting the molecular processes associated with elevation of blood uric acid levels in the body. Thus, ERK1/2 inhibition may be a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Rabizadeh S, Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Noshad S, Esteghamati S, Afarideh M, Ghajar A, Ganji M, Saadat M, Heidari B, Najafi MT, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Beneficial Effects of Pentoxifylline Plus Losartan Dual Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes with Nephropathy. Am J Med Sci 2018; 355:442-448. [PMID: 29753374 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to comparatively assess the effects of add-on pentoxifylline to losartan versus increasing the dose of losartan on serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. METHODS In an open-label, single-center, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial (NCT03006952), 30 patients received b.i.d. dose of pentoxifylline 400mg plus daily dose of losartan 50mg (pentoxifylline arm) and 29 patients received b.i.d. dose of losartan 50mg (losartan arm) during a 12-week follow-up period. RESULTS Serum NT-proBNP, serum hsCRP and UAE levels all significantly decreased from baseline in both trial arms. The pentoxifylline and losartan trial arms were equally effective in reducing serum NT-proBNP levels during the course of trial (multivariable adjusted model P value = 0.864, effect size = 0.2%). There was a greater decrease in UAE and serum hsCRP levels in the pentoxifylline arm (P = 0.034, effect size = 7.8%; P = 0.009, effect size = 11.7%, respectively). Conversely, patients in the losartan arm achieved better systolic and diastolic blood pressure control (P < 0.001, effect size = 25.4%; P = 0.010, effect size = 11.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Circulating NT-proBNP levels equally and significantly reduced from baseline in the pentoxifylline and losartan treatment arms, in parallel with comparatively superior decreases of UAE and serum hsCRP in the pentoxifylline arm, and larger decreases of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the losartan arm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sina Noshad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghajar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morsaleh Ganji
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Heidari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Qin L, Qin W, Wang J, Lin L. Combined treatment of diabetic nephropathy with alprostadil and calcium dobesilate. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5012-5016. [PMID: 29201206 PMCID: PMC5704275 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. We recruited 80 patients with diabetic nephropathy, who were randomly divided into experimental (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. Patients received high-quality low-protein diabetic diet intervention and subcutaneous injection of insulin to adjust blood glucose, combined with antihypertensive, antiplatelet drugs, and other comprehensive treatments. The control group received alprostadil and the experimental group received alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks as one treatment cycle. The time to remission of clinical symptoms such as mental fatigue and weakness, limb edema, soreness and swelling of waist and knee, cold limbs and limb numbness and pain was significantly shorter in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05). After intervention, the blood levels of small molecular weight proteins, such as β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), cystatin C (CysC), and retinol binding protein (RBP), were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The level of angiotensin II was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05) and the level of fasting serum insulin was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of renal function indexes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid, in experimental group were lower than those in control group (p<0.05). The levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly higher in both groups after the intervention than those before the intervention (p<0.05). The levels of BDNF and IGF-1 were higher in the experimental group than that in control group after intervention (p<0.05). The application of alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate in patients with diabetic nephropathy can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve renal functions, reduce blood levels small proteins, alleviate the inflammatory response, and regulate the levels of BDNF and IGF-1, thus improving the clinical treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Qin
- Department of Urology, Hanting People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261100, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Tang Y, Fung E, Xu A, Lan HY. C-reactive protein and ageing. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44 Suppl 1:9-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Erik Fung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Guangzhou China
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Guangzhou China
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Zhong X, Tu YJ, Li Y, Zhang P, Wang W, Chen SS, Li L, Chung ACK, Lan HY, Chen HY, Li GS, Wang L. Serum levels of WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1): a noninvasive biomarker of renal fibrosis in subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2920-2932. [PMID: 28670380 PMCID: PMC5489892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) is an extracellular matrix-related protein that plays multiple roles in cellular physiology and pathology. Accumulating evidence shows that WISP-1 is involved in the process underlying fibrotic diseases. However, the correlation between WISP-1 and renal fibrosis is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that WISP-1 levels might be correlated with renal fibrosis and could be used as a noninvasive biomarker to screen for renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We first measured the WISP-1 expression levels using a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced renal fibrosis tubular epithelial cell (TEC) model and a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. We then evaluated the correlation between serum WISP-1 levels and fibrosis scores in biopsy-proven renal fibrosis of patients with CKD. Based on the findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies, the levels of WISP-1 and fibrotic parameters (collagen I, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin) were significantly increased in the fibrotic models. Consistently, patients with focal proliferative IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and diabetic nephropathy displayed markedly elevated serum WISP-1 levels and fibrosis scores of renal biopsies compared with normal subjects and patients with minimal change disease (P<0.05). Importantly, the serum WISP-1 levels were positively correlated with fibrosis scores in the renal biopsies of these patients (r=0.475, P=0.0001). Thus, serum WISP-1 levels may be used as a potential noninvasive biomarker of renal fibrosis in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Yue Ju Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Sha Sha Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Arthur CK Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Hai Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong KongPokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Gui Sen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
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Li QY, Li HY, Fu G, Yu F, Wu Y, Zhao MH. Autoantibodies against C-Reactive Protein Influence Complement Activation and Clinical Course in Lupus Nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3044-3054. [PMID: 28566480 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016070735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the major acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) are frequently found in patients with lupus nephritis. Further defining the autoimmune epitopes on CRP may not only improve patient stratification but also, hint at mechanisms of CRP action. Herein, we show that amino acids 35-47 constitute the major epitope recognized by anti-CRP autoantibodies in patients with lupus nephritis. Notably, the presence of autoantibodies against amino acids 35-47 associated with more severe renal damage and predicted worse outcome. This epitope is exposed on CRP only after irreversible structure changes, yielding a conformationally altered form termed modified or monomeric CRP (mCRP). ELISA and surface plasmon resonance assays showed that amino acids 35-47 mediate the interaction of mCRP with complement factor H, an inhibitor of alternative pathway activation, and this interaction greatly enhanced the in vitro cofactor activity of complement factor H. In contrast, autoantibodies against amino acids 35-47 inhibited these actions of mCRP. Our results thus provide evidence for the in vivo generation of mCRP in a human disease and suggest that mCRP actively controls the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis by regulating complement activation. Therefore, amino acids 35-47 constitute a functional autoimmune epitope on CRP that can be targeted therapeutically and diagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pneumology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; .,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China;
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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