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Duan ZY, Bu R, Liang S, Chen XZ, Zhang C, Zhang QY, Li JJ, Chen XM, Cai GY. Urinary miR-185-5p is a biomarker of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326026. [PMID: 38426107 PMCID: PMC10902439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For IgA nephropathy (IgAN), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is the most important prognostic pathological indicator in the mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity, segmental sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and presence of crescents (MEST-C) score. The identification of non-invasive biomarkers for tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis would aid clinical monitoring of IgAN progression and improve patient prognosis. Methods The study included 188 patients with primary IgAN in separate confirmation and validation cohorts. The associations of miR-92a-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-185-5p with renal histopathological lesions and prognosis were explored using Spearman correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase experiments were used to identify hub genes for miR-185-5p. The fibrotic phenotypes of tubular epithelial cells were evaluated in vivo and in HK-2 cells. Results miRNA sequencing and cohort validation revealed that the expression levels of miR-92a-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-185-5p in urine were significantly increased among patients with IgAN; these levels could predict the extent of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in such patients. The combination of the three biomarkers resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.742. The renal prognosis was significantly worse in the miR-185-5p high expression group than in the low expression group (P=0.003). Renal tissue in situ hybridization, bioinformatics analysis, and dual luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-185-5p affects prognosis in patients with IgAN mainly by influencing expression of the target gene tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) in renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro experiment revealed that an miR-185-5p mimic could reduce TJP1 expression in HK-2 cells, while increasing the levels of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III; these changes promoted the transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells to a fibrotic phenotype. An miR-185-5p inhibitor can reverse the fibrotic phenotype in renal tubular epithelial cells. In a unilateral ureteral obstruction model, the inhibition of miR-185-5p expression alleviated tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion Urinary miR-185-5p, a non-invasive biomarker of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in IgAN, may promote the transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells to a fibrotic phenotype via TJP1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, China
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Rajabi S, Saberi S, Najafipour H, Askaripour M, Rajizadeh MA, Shahraki S, Kazeminia S. Interaction of estradiol and renin-angiotensin system with microRNAs-21 and -29 in renal fibrosis: focus on TGF-β/smad signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:137. [PMID: 38236310 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD (and contributes to end-stage renal disease which requires dialysis and kidney transplantation. Several signaling pathways such as renin-angiotensin system (RAS), microRNAs (miRNAs) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad have a prominent role in pathophysiology and progression of renal fibrosis. Activation of classical RAS, the elevation of angiotensin II (Ang II) production and overexpression of AT1R, develop renal fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway. While the non-classical RAS arm, Ang 1-7/AT2R, MasR reveals an anti-fibrotic effect via antagonizing Ang II. This review focused on studies illustrating the interaction of RAS with sexual female hormone estradiol and miRNAs in the progression of renal fibrosis with more emphasis on the TGF-β signaling pathway. MiRNAs, especially miRNA-21 and miRNA-29 showed regulatory effects in renal fibrosis. Also, 17β-estradiol (E2) is a renoprotective hormone that improved renal fibrosis. Beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs are reported in the prevention of renal fibrosis in patients. Future studies are also merited to delineate the new therapy strategies such as miRNAs targeting, combination therapy of E2 or HRT, ACEis, and ARBs with miRNAs mimics and antagomirs in CKD to provide a new therapeutic approach for kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shadan Saberi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Askaripour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sarieh Shahraki
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sara Kazeminia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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Cherry AD, Chu CP, Cianciolo RE, Hokamp JA, Jacobson SA, Nabity MB. MicroRNA-126 in dogs with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:216-227. [PMID: 38116844 PMCID: PMC10800198 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most proteinuric dogs with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease have amyloidosis (AMYL), glomerulosclerosis (GS), or immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN), each with different treatment and prognosis. A noninvasive and disease-specific biomarker is lacking. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the expression pattern of biofluid microRNA (miRNAs and miRs) would correlate with disease progression and categorization. ANIMALS Archived serum and urine samples from 18 dogs with glomerular disease and 6 clinically healthy dogs; archived urine samples from 49 dogs with glomerular disease and 13 clinically healthy dogs. METHODS Retrospective study. Archived biofluid samples from adult dogs with biopsy-confirmed glomerular disease submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2016 were selected. Serum and urinary miRNAs were isolated and profiled using RNA sequencing. Urinary miR-126, miR-21, miR-182, and miR-486 were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS When comparing more advanced disease with earlier disease, no serum miRNAs were differentially expressed, but urinary miR-21 and miR-182 were 1.63 (95% CI: .86-3.1) and 1.45 (95% CI: .82-2.6) times higher in azotemic dogs, respectively (adjusted P < .05) and weakly correlated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (miR-21: r = .32, P = .03; miR-182: r = .28, P = .05). Expression of urinary miR-126 was 10.5 (95% CI: 4.1-26.7), 28.9 (95% CI: 10.5-79.8), and 126.2 (95% CI: 44.7-356.3) times higher in dogs with ICGN compared with dogs with GS, AMYL, and healthy controls, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The miR-126 could help identify dogs that might benefit from immunosuppressive therapy in the absence of a biopsy. MiR-21 and miR-182 are potential markers of disease severity and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana D. Cherry
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Candice P. Chu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Rachel E. Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Present address:
Niche Diagnostics, LLCColumbusOhioUSA
- Present address:
Zoetis Inc.ColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Sarah A. Jacobson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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Sadat Sandoghsaz R, Montazeri F, Shafienia H, Mehdi Kalantar S, Javaheri A, Samadi M. Expression of miR-21 &IL-4 in endometriosis. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110746. [PMID: 38155071 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis characterized with existence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Fibrosis of ectopic lesions is an important feature of endometriosis. IL-4 induces fibrosis via fibroblast proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation. Increasing of miR-21 expression promotes fibroblast activation and fibrosis expansion. The aim of study was to evaluate the expression of miR-21 and its relationship with IL-4 gene expression in endometrial ectopic and eutopic tissues of endometriosis patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Ectopic and eutopic tissue samples were taken from 20 women with endometriosis, and control samples were taken from the endometrium of 20 endometriosis-free women. The relative expression of IL-4 and miR-21 evaluated by Real Time PCR. IL-4 relative gene expression was significantly increased in ectopic tissue compared to eutopic (p = 0.025) and control tissue (p = 0.021). The relative expression of miR-21 gene in ectopic tissue was increased compared to eutopic (p = 0.850) and control tissue (p = 0.978) but these differences were not significant. Also, the correlation between IL-4 and miR-21 relative gene expression was not significant (p = 0.083). CONCLUSION The increased expression of miR-21 in endometrium of women with endometriosis may upregulate the IL-4 gene expression and lead to fibrosis. Further studies may suggest miR-21 and IL-4 as candidates for diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sadat Sandoghsaz
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Montazeri
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafienia
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Reproductive & Genetic Unit, Recurrent Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Javaheri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Morteza Samadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Trivedi A, Bose D, Saha P, Roy S, More M, Skupsky J, Klimas NG, Chatterjee S. Prolonged Antibiotic Use in a Preclinical Model of Gulf War Chronic Multisymptom-Illness Causes Renal Fibrosis-like Pathology via Increased micro-RNA 21-Induced PTEN Inhibition That Is Correlated with Low Host Lachnospiraceae Abundance. Cells 2023; 13:56. [PMID: 38201260 PMCID: PMC10777912 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gulf War (GW) veterans show gastrointestinal disturbances and gut dysbiosis. Prolonged antibiotic treatments commonly employed in veterans, especially the use of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, have also been associated with dysbiosis. This study investigates the effect of prolonged antibiotic exposure on risks of adverse renal pathology and its association with gut bacterial species abundance in underlying GWI and aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms leading to possible renal dysfunction with aging. Using a GWI mouse model, administration of a prolonged antibiotic regimen involving neomycin and enrofloxacin treatment for 5 months showed an exacerbated renal inflammation with increased NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Involvement of the high mobility group 1 (HMGB1)-mediated receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation triggered an inflammatory phenotype and increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production. Mechanistically, TGF-β- induced microRNA-21 upregulation in the renal tissue leads to decreased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. The above event led to the activation of protein kinase-B (AKT) signaling, resulting in increased fibronectin production and fibrosis-like pathology. Importantly, the increased miR-21 was associated with low levels of Lachnospiraceae in the host gut which is also a key to heightened HMGB1-mediated inflammation. Overall, though correlative, the study highlights the complex interplay between GWI, host gut dysbiosis, prolonged antibiotics usage, and renal pathology via miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Trivedi
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.T.); (D.B.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.T.); (D.B.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.T.); (D.B.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Subhajit Roy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.T.); (D.B.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.T.); (D.B.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Nancy G. Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.T.); (D.B.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (M.M.)
- Long Beach VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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6
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Xu LL, Zhou XJ, Zhang H. An Update on the Genetics of IgA Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2023; 13:123. [PMID: 38202130 PMCID: PMC10780034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis, is one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is widely believed that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of IgAN. Previous studies of IgAN have provided important insights to unravel the genetic architecture of IgAN and its potential pathogenic mechanisms. The genome-wide association studies (GWASs) together have identified over 30 risk loci for IgAN, which emphasizes the importance of IgA production and regulation in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Follow-up fine-mapping studies help to elucidate the candidate causal variant and the potential pathogenic molecular pathway and provide new potential therapeutic targets. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technologies, linkage studies based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS)/whole-exome sequencing (WES) also identify rare variants associated with IgAN, accounting for some of the missing heritability. The complexity of pathogenesis and phenotypic variability may be better understood by integrating genetics, epigenetics, and environment. We have compiled a review summarizing the latest advancements in genetic studies on IgAN. We similarly summarized relevant studies examining the involvement of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Future directions and challenges in this field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Xu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (L.-L.X.); (H.Z.)
- Kidney Genetics Center, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (L.-L.X.); (H.Z.)
- Kidney Genetics Center, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (L.-L.X.); (H.Z.)
- Kidney Genetics Center, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
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Manzéger A, Garmaa G, Mózes MM, Hansmann G, Kökény G. Pioglitazone Protects Tubular Epithelial Cells during Kidney Fibrosis by Attenuating miRNA Dysregulation and Autophagy Dysfunction Induced by TGF-β. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15520. [PMID: 37958504 PMCID: PMC10649561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive renal TGF-β production and pro-fibrotic miRNAs are important drivers of kidney fibrosis that lack any efficient treatment. Dysfunctional autophagy might play an important role in the pathogenesis. We aimed to study the yet unknown effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) on renal autophagy and miRNA dysregulation during fibrosis. Mouse primary tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) were isolated, pre-treated with 5 µM pioglitazone, and then stimulated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h. Male 10-week-old C57Bl6 control (CTL) and TGF-β overexpressing mice were fed with regular chow (TGF) or Pio-containing chow (20 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks (TGF + Pio). PTEC and kidneys were evaluated for mRNA and protein expression. In PTEC, pioglitazone attenuated (p < 0.05) the TGF-β-induced up-regulation of Col1a1 (1.4-fold), Tgfb1 (2.2-fold), Ctgf (1.5-fold), Egr2 (2.5-fold) mRNAs, miR-130a (1.6-fold), and miR-199a (1.5-fold), inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and rescued autophagy function. In TGF mice, pioglitazone greatly improved kidney fibrosis and related dysfunctional autophagy (increased LC3-II/I ratio and reduced SQSTM1 protein content (p < 0.05)). These were accompanied by 5-fold, 3-fold, 12-fold, and 2-fold suppression (p < 0.05) of renal Ccl2, Il6, C3, and Lgals3 mRNA expression, respectively. Our results implicate that pioglitazone counteracts multiple pro-fibrotic processes in the kidney, including autophagy dysfunction and miRNA dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manzéger
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.G.); (M.M.M.)
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gantsetseg Garmaa
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.G.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Miklós M. Mózes
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.G.); (M.M.M.)
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.G.); (M.M.M.)
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Dahiya N, Kaur M, Singh V. Potential roles of circulatory microRNAs in the onset and progression of renal and cardiac diseases: a focussed review for clinicians. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:863-877. [PMID: 37318070 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2221150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The signalling mechanisms involving the kidney and heart are a niche of networks causing pathological conditions inducing inflammation, reactive oxidative species, cell apoptosis, and organ dysfunction during the onset of clinical complications. The clinical manifestation of the kidney and heart depends on various biochemical processes that influence organ dysfunction coexistence through circulatory networks, which hold utmost importance. The cells of both organs also influence remote communication, and evidence states that it may be explicitly by circulatory small noncoding RNAs, i.e. microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent developments target miRNAs as marker panels for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Circulatory miRNAs expressed in renal and cardiac disease can reveal relevant information about the niche of networks and gene transcription and regulated networks. In this review, we discuss the pertinent roles of identified circulatory miRNAs regulating signal transduction pathways critical in the onset of renal and cardiac disease, which can hold promising future targets for clinical diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dahiya
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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9
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Zanoni F, Abinti M, Belingheri M, Castellano G. Present and Future of IgA Nephropathy and Membranous Nephropathy Immune Monitoring: Insights from Molecular Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13134. [PMID: 37685941 PMCID: PMC10487514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) and Membranous Nephropathy (MN) are primary immune-mediated glomerular diseases with highly variable prognosis. Current guidelines recommend that greater immunologic activity and worse prognosis should guide towards the best treatment in an individualized approach. Nevertheless, proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate, the current gold standards for prognosis assessment and treatment guidance in primary glomerular diseases, may be altered with chronic damage and nephron scarring, conditions that are not related to immune activity. In recent years, thanks to the development of new molecular technologies, among them genome-wide genotyping, RNA sequencing techniques, and mass spectrometry, we have witnessed an outstanding improvement in understanding the pathogenesis of IgAN and MN. In addition, recent genome-wide association studies have suggested potential targets for immunomodulating agents, stressing the need for the identification of specific biomarkers of immune activity. In this work, we aim to review current evidence and recent progress, including the more recent use of omics techniques, in the identification of potential biomarkers for immune monitoring in IgAN and MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanoni
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (M.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Matteo Abinti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (M.B.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirco Belingheri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (M.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (M.B.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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10
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Mucha K, Pac M, Pączek L. Omics are Getting Us Closer to Understanding IgA Nephropathy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:12. [PMID: 37060455 PMCID: PMC10105675 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, thanks to omics technologies, new light has been shed on the pathogenesis of many diseases. Genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have helped to provide a better understanding of the origin and heterogeneity of several diseases. However, the risk factors for most autoimmune diseases remain unknown. The successes and pitfalls of omics have also been observed in nephrology, including immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis and a principal cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Unfortunately, the immense progress in basic research has not yet been followed by the satisfactory development of a targeted treatment. Although, most omics studies describe changes in the immune system, there is still insufficient data to apply their results in the constantly evolving multi-hit pathogenesis model and thus do to provide a complete picture of the disease. Here, we describe recent findings regarding the pathophysiology of IgAN and link omics studies with immune system dysregulation. This review provides insights into specific IgAN markers, which may lead to the identification of potential targets for personalised treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Pac
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Pączek
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Sun Q, Liu X, Wang M, Fan J, Zeng H. Long noncoding RNA FGD5-AS1 alleviates childhood IgA nephropathy by targeting PTEN-mediated JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway via miR-196b-5p. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113481. [PMID: 36641136 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied lncRNA FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1)-associated mechanisms in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). FGD5-AS1, miR-196b-5p, and PTEN in the serum of children with IgAN were assessed. MES-13 cells were stimulated by p-IgA1 to construct an in vitro model of IgAN. After plasmid intervention, cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammatory response were correspondingly evaluated. An IgAN mouse model was established to define FGD5-AS1/miR-196b-5p/PTEN axis-mediated alternations of 24-h proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, glomerular IgA deposition, renal fibrosis, and glycogen content in renal tissue. The changes in JNK/c-Jun pathway activation in the cell model were also tested. Our results discovered that FGD5-AS1 and PTEN were down-regulated and miR-196b-5p was up-regulated in children with IgAN. Overexpression of FGD5-AS1 or silencing of miR-196b-5p impeded the proliferation and inflammatory response and induced apoptosis of p-IgA1-stimulated MES-13 cells, and improved pathological conditions in IgAN mice. Inhibition of PTEN rescued the therapeutic effects of overexpression of FGD5-AS1 or inhibition of miR-196b-5p on IgAN. FGD5-AS1/miR-196b-5p/PTEN axis inhibited the activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Taken together, FGD5-AS1 attenuates IgAN by targeting PTEN-mediated JNK/c-Jun signaling via miR-196b-5p. Therefore, FGD5-AS1 may be a new therapeutic target for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Blood Purification Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China.
| | - Xue Liu
- Blood Purification Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- Blood Purification Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Blood Purification Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Haisheng Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong Guan Children's Hospital, DongGuan City, Guangdong Province, 523325, China
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12
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Blood TGF-β1 and miRNA-21-5p levels predict renal fibrosis and outcome in IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1557-1564. [PMID: 36648741 PMCID: PMC9844190 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis, often presents as advanced renal failure with end-stage renal disease at diagnosis. Tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis on histology are the most important predictors of renal outcome. A non-invasive biomarker is required for assessment of progression in IgA nephropathy. We investigated the utility of blood profibrotic molecules, TGF-β1 and miRNA-21-5p (miR-21), to identify a non-invasive biomarker for renal fibrosis in IgAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 30 IgAN (mean age 31.5 ± 9 years) at the time of initial diagnosis, 25 age-sex-matched healthy controls and 10 Lupus nephritis patients as disease controls. Serum TGF-β1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plasma miR-21 by qRT-PCR, normalized with U6-snRNA. The levels were correlated with clinical features, laboratory parameters, histological Oxford MEST-C score and renal outcome. RESULTS The serum TGF-β1 and plasma miR-21 were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in healthy controls. TGF-β1 significantly correlated with serum creatinine, eGFR, Oxford T score and miR-21. High plasma miR-21 was significantly associated with T score and interstitial inflammation. On multivariate analysis, high levels of TGF-β1 and miR-21 correlated with lower eGFR and T score, respectively. On a follow-up period of 21.5 months, high miR-21 expression at diagnosis was associated (p = 0.02) with a poor renal outcome having a shorter time to doubling of serum creatinine. CONCLUSION High blood TGF-β1 and miR-21 expression at diagnosis of IgAN show significant correlation with renal function and degree of chronic tubulointerstitial injury on histology.
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13
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Noncoding RNAs associated with IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 2022; 36:911-923. [PMID: 36495425 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common glomerulonephritides. The disease is characterized by haematuria, proteinuria, deposition of galactose-deficient IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium and mesangial hypercellularity, further leading to extracellular matrix expansion. Kidney biopsy is the gold standard for IgAN diagnosis. Due to the invasiveness of renal biopsy, there is an unmet need for noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose and estimate the severity of IgAN. Understanding the role of RNA molecules as genetic markers to target diseases may allow developing therapeutic and diagnostic markers. In this review we have focused on intrarenal, extrarenal and extracellular noncoding RNAs involved in the progression of IgAN. This narrative review summarizes the pathogenesis of IgAN along with the correlation of noncoding RNA molecules such as microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression, and that represent another type of regulation affecting the expression of specific glycosyltranferases, a key element contributing to the development of IgAN.
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14
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Deng L, Xu G, Huang Q. Comprehensive analyses of the microRNA-messenger RNA-transcription factor regulatory network in mouse and human renal fibrosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:925097. [PMID: 36457754 PMCID: PMC9705735 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.925097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to construct a microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA)-transcription factor (TF) regulatory network and explore underlying molecular mechanisms, effective biomarkers, and drugs in renal fibrosis (RF). Methods: A total of six datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. "Limma" and "DESeq2" packages in R software and GEO2R were applied to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs (DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs, respectively). The determination and verification of DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs were performed through the integrated analysis of datasets from five mouse 7 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction datasets and one human chronic kidney disease dataset and the Human Protein Atlas (http://www.proteinatlas.org). Target mRNAs of DEmiRNAs and TFs were predicted by prediction databases and the iRegulon plugin in Cytoscape, respectively. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING, Cytoscape v3.9.1, and CytoNCA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by DIANA-miRPath v3.0 and R package "clusterProfiler." A miRNA-mRNA-TF network was established using Cytoscape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic value of the key hub genes. Finally, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Drug-Gene Interaction database were applied to identify potential drugs. Results: Here, 4 DEmiRNAs and 11 hub genes were determined and confirmed in five mouse datasets, of which Bckdha and Vegfa were further verified in one human dataset and HPA, respectively. Moreover, Bckdha and Vegfa were also predicted by miR-125a-3p and miR-199a-5p, respectively, in humans as in mice. The sequences of miR-125a-3p and miR-199a-5p in mice were identical to those in humans. A total of 6 TFs were predicted to regulate Bckdha and Vegfa across mice and humans; then, a miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network was built. Subsequently, ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve value of Vegfa was 0.825 (p = 0.002). Finally, enalapril was identified to target Vegfa for RF therapy. Conclusion: Pax2, Pax5, Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, and Sp4 together with Bckdha-dependent miR-125a-3p/Vegfa-dependent miR-199a-5p formed a co-regulatory network enabling Bckdha/Vegfa to be tightly controlled in the underlying pathogenesis of RF across mice and humans. Vegfa could act as a potential novel diagnostic marker and might be targeted by enalapril for RF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qipeng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China
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15
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Larrue R, Fellah S, Van der Hauwaert C, Hennino MF, Perrais M, Lionet A, Glowacki F, Pottier N, Cauffiez C. The Versatile Role of miR-21 in Renal Homeostasis and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213525. [PMID: 36359921 PMCID: PMC9657972 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA species that control gene expression and confer robustness to biological processes. Over the last two decades, their important roles during kidney development, homeostasis and the treatment of diseases have been established, in particular during the onset and progression of various forms of acute and chronic renal disorders. In recent years, miR-21, one of the best-characterized miRNAs to date, has received much attention in renal physiology in particular given its high degree of conservation and expression in kidneys, as well as its potent pathogenic role in various debilitating renal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on miR-21’s involvement in both renal homeostasis and diseases, in particular its double-edged-sword role in acute versus chronic kidney injuries. Finally, we also discuss the potential of miR-21 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Larrue
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sandy Fellah
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de la Recherche en Santé, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Michaël Perrais
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Lionet
- CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Glowacki
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
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16
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Chen YJ, Hsu CT, Tsai SF, Chen CH. Association between Circulating MicroRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-126-3p and miR-101-3p) and Chronic Allograft Dysfunction in Renal Transplant Recipients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012253. [PMID: 36293110 PMCID: PMC9603156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is a major condition affecting long-term kidney graft survival. Serum microRNA (miRNA) has been reported as a biomarker for various conditions of allograft injuries. The upregulation of miR-21 is the best-known miRNA change in graft tissue, urine and plasma. However, the correlation of plasma miR-21 with the severity of CAD remains unclear. In our study, 40 kidney transplantation recipients with late graft survival for more than 10 years were enrolled. The CAD group (n = 20) had either an eGFR between 15 to 60 mL/min or a biopsy-proved chronic allograft nephropathy or rejection. The control group (n = 20) had an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min without proteinuria and hematuria for a consecutive 3 months before the study. We performed RNA sequencing to profile the miRNAs expression. There were six differentially expressed miRNAs in the CAD group. Among them, miR-21-5p and miR-101-3p were decreased, and miR-20a-5p was increased. We found that miR-21-5p, miR-20a-5p and miR-101-3p all participated in the TGF-beta pathway. We demonstrated that decreased miR-21-5p and miR-101-3p, and increased miR-20a-5p were the novel CAD-associated miRNAs in the TGF-beta pathway. These findings may pave the way for developing early prediction miRNAs biomarkers for CAD, and possibly developing therapeutic tools in the field of kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tien Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Feng Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 651012, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-23592525 (ext. 3040)
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Liu G, Liu X, Yang Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of miRNA in hydronephrosis male children caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction with or without renal functional injury. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12962. [PMID: 35237468 PMCID: PMC8884061 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are non-coding RNAs that contribute to pathological processes of various kidney diseases. Renal function injury represents a final common outcome of congenital obstructive nephropathy and has attracted a great deal of attention. However the molecular mechanisms are still not fully established. In this study, we compared transcriptome sequencing data of miRNAs of renal tissues from congenital hydronephrosis children with or without renal functional injury, in order to better understand whether microRNAs could play important roles in renal functional injury after ureteropelvic junction obstruction. A total of 22 microRNAs with significant changes in their expression were identified. Five microRNAs were up-regulated and 17 microRNAs were down-regulated in the renal tissues of the hydronephrosis patients with renal function injury compared with those without renal function injury. MicroRNA target genes were predicted by three major online miRNA target prediction algorithms, and all these mRNAs were used to perform the gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis. Then, twelve candidate human and rat homologous miRNAs were selected for validation using RT-qPCR in vitro and in vivo; only miR-187-3p had a trend identical to that detected by the sequencing results among the human tissues, in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In addition, we found that the change of miR-187-3p in vivo was consistent with results in vitro models and showed a decrease trend in time dependence. These results provided a detailed catalog of candidate miRNAs to investigate their regulatory role in renal injury of congenital hydronephrosis, indicating that they may serve as candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Potential of Polyphenols to Restore SIRT1 and NAD+ Metabolism in Renal Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030653. [PMID: 35277012 PMCID: PMC8837945 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase that is abundantly expressed in the kidney, where it modulates gene expression, apoptosis, energy homeostasis, autophagy, acute stress responses, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Alterations in SIRT1 activity and NAD+ metabolism are frequently observed in acute and chronic kidney diseases of diverse origins, including obesity and diabetes. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials with humans show that the SIRT1-activating compounds derived from natural sources, such as polyphenols found in fruits, vegetables, and plants, including resveratrol, quercetin, and isoflavones, can prevent disease and be part of treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Here, we summarize the roles of SIRT1 and NAD+ metabolism in renal pathophysiology and provide an overview of polyphenols that have the potential to restore SIRT1 and NAD+ metabolism in renal diseases.
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Xu Y, He Y, Hu H, Xu R, Liao Y, Dong X, Song H, Chen X, Chen J. The increased miRNA-150-5p expression of the tonsil tissue in patients with IgA nephropathy may be related to the pathogenesis of disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108124. [PMID: 34600394 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microRNA (miRNA) expression of the tonsil tissues in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) has not been reported in the literature. METHODS In this study, the expression of nine miRNAs was measured in the tonsil tissues of patients with IgAN, including miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-29a-3p, miRNA-34a-5p, miRNA-146a-5p, miRNA-146b-5p, miRNA-148b-3p, miRNA-150-5p, miRNA-155-5p, and miRNA-181a-5p. Forty patients with proved primary IgA nephropathy were enrolled in our study, 20 IgAN patients with gross hematuria, which induced by tonsillitis (GH-IgAN group) and 20 IgAN patients without gross hematuria in the history (non-GH-IgAN group). Another 20 patients recruited as the control group (CT group) were chronic tonsillitis without kidney disease. RESULTS Compared to the CT group, the expression level of miRNA-150-5p in the tonsils was significantly upregulated in the GH-IgAN group, but not in the non-GH-IgAN group (P = 0.031 and P = 0.122, respectively). A correlation analysis was performed between the expression of miRNAs in the tonsils and the clinical data of IgAN patients. The results showed that in the GH-IgAN group, the miRNA-150 expression was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (β = 2.36, 95% CI 1.11-3.61, P = 0.0016), diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.02, 95% CI 0.22-1.82, P = 0.0224), uric acid (β = 7.43, 95% CI 1.81-13.04, P = 0.0184), leukocyte count (β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.35, P = 0039), neutrophil count (β = 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.32, P = 0.0096), cholesterol (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.16, P = 0.0207) and triglyceride level (β = 0.16, 95% CI 0.10-0.22, P < 0.000). Besides, it was negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (β = -2.06, 95% CI: -3.90 - -0.21, P = 0.0421) in the GH-IgAN group; however, no significant correlation was found in the non-GH-IgAN group. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that miRNA-150-5p may be important in the pathogenesis of IgAN, especially in mucosal immunity against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Yongcheng He
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ricong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Haiying Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
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20
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Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is considered that the pathogenesis of IgAN involves the ‘multiple hit theory’ and the immune-inflammatory mechanism; however, these theories have certain limitations. The gold standard for diagnosing IgAN is still renal biopsy. Although renal biopsy is accurate, it is traumatic and is associated with some risks and limitations, so there is a need for non-invasive diagnostic methods. According to recent studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of IgAN; thus, they provide the possibility of the noninvasive diagnosis of IgAN and also have some value in predicting prognosis. This review summarizes the current research status of miRNAs in the occurrence, development, diagnosis, and prognosis of IgAN. We also highlight some interesting and challenging points that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaling Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanping An
- Medicine Experiment Center, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jingge Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Construction of miRNA-mRNA network for the identification of key biological markers and their associated pathways in IgA nephropathy by employing the integrated bioinformatics analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4938-4945. [PMID: 34466069 PMCID: PMC8381040 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About half-century ago, Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) was discovered as a complicated disease with frequent clinical symptoms. Until now, exact mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IgAN is poorly known. Therefore, current study was aimed to understand the molecular mechanism of IgAN by identifying the key miRNAs and their targeted hub genes. The key miRNAs might contribute to the diagnosis and therapy of IgAN, and could turn out to be a new star in the field of IgAN. Methods The microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expresssion Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using R package (LIMMA) in order to obtain differential expressed genes (DEGs). Then, the hub genes were identified using cytoHubba plugin of cytoscpae tool and other bioinformatics approaches including protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, module analysis, and miRNA-hub gene network construction was also performed. Results A total of 348 DEGs were identified, of which 107 were upregulated genes and 241 were downregulated genes. Subsequently, the 12 overlapped genes were predicted from cytoHubba, and considered as hub genes. Moreover, a network among miRNA-hub genes was created to explore the correlation between the hub genes and their targeted miRNAs. Network construction ultimately lead to the identification of nine gene named FN1, EGR1, FOS, JUN, SERPINE1, MMP2, ATF3, MYC, and IL1B and one novel key miRNA namely, has-miR-144-3p as biomarker for diagnosis and therapy of IgAN. Conclusion This study updates the information and yield a new perspective in context of understanding the pathogenesis and development of IgAN. In future, key miRNAs might be capable of improving the personalized detection and therapies for IgAN. In vivo and in vitro investigation of miRNAs and pathway interaction is essential to delineate the specific roles of the novel miRNAs, which may help to further reveal the mechanisms underlying IgAN.
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Key Words
- BP, Cellular components
- Bioinformatics analysis
- CC, Molecular function
- DAVID, Gene Expression Omnibus
- ENCORI, Molecular Complex Detection
- GEO, MicroRNA
- GO, Database for annotation visualizationand integrated discovery
- Gene expression profiling
- Hub genes
- Hub genes-miRNA network
- IgAN, Differential Expressed Genes
- Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
- KEGG, Gene Ontology
- MCODE, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins
- MF, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- PPI, Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
- Protein-protein interaction
- STRING, Biological process
- miRNA, Protein-Protein Interaction
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Small RNA sequencing evaluation of renal microRNA biomarkers in dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17437. [PMID: 34465843 PMCID: PMC8408228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) are an animal model for Alport syndrome in humans and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), we have characterized the gene expression profile affecting the progression of XLHN; however, the microRNA (miRNA, miR) expression remains unknown. With small RNA-seq and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), we used 3 small RNA-seq analysis tools (QIAGEN OmicSoft Studio, miRDeep2, and CPSS 2.0) to profile differentially expressed renal miRNAs, top-ranked miRNA target genes, and enriched biological processes and pathways in CKD progression. Twenty-three kidney biopsies were collected from 5 dogs with XLHN and 4 age-matched, unaffected littermates at 3 clinical time points (T1: onset of proteinuria, T2: onset of azotemia, and T3: advanced azotemia). We identified up to 23 differentially expressed miRNAs at each clinical time point. Five miRNAs (miR-21, miR-146b, miR-802, miR-142, miR-147) were consistently upregulated in affected dogs. We identified miR-186 and miR-26b as effective reference miRNAs for qRT-PCR. This study applied small RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed miRNAs that might regulate critical pathways contributing to CKD progression in dogs with XLHN.
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23
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Guo C, Ye FX, Jian YH, Liu CH, Tu ZH, Yang DP. MicroRNA-214-5p aggravates sepsis-related acute kidney injury in mice. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:339-350. [PMID: 34370322 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating comorbidity in sepsis and correlates with a very poor prognosis and increased mortality. Currently, we use lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish sepsis-related AKI and try to demonstrate the pathophysiological role of microRNA-214-5p (miR-214-5p) in this process. Mice were intravenously injected with the miR-214-5p agomir, antagomir or negative controls for three consecutive days and then received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) for 24 h to induce AKI. Besides, the Boston University mouse proximal tubular cell lines were stimulated with LPS (10 μg/ml) for 8 h to investigate the role of miR-214-5p in vitro. To inhibit adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), compound C (CpC) was used in vivo. For glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) silence, cells were transfected with the small interfering RNA against GLP-1R. miR-214-5p level was upregulated in LPS-treated kidneys and proximal tubular cell lines. The miR-214-5p antagomir reduced LPS-induced renal inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby preventing renal damage and dysfunction. In contrast, the miR-214-5p agomir aggravated LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and AKI in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that the miR-214-5p antagomir prevented septic AKI via activating AMPK and that CpC treatment completely abrogated its renoprotective effect in mice. Further detection showed that miR-214-5p directly bound to the 3'-untranslational region of GLP-1R to inhibit GLP-1R/AMPK axis. Our data identify miR-214-5p as a promising therapeutic candidate to treat sepsis-related AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Xiong Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Hong Jian
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Ping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Farzamikia N, Baradaran B, Mostafavi S, Ahmadian E, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Podocyte-derived microparticles in IgA nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111891. [PMID: 34237594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are a general term for different types of cell plasma membrane-originated vesicles that are released into the extracellular environment. The paracrine action of these nano-sized vesicles is crucial for intercellular communications through the transfer of diverse lipids, cytosolic proteins, RNA as well as microRNAs. The progression of different diseases influences the composition, occurrence, and functions of these cell-derived particles. Podocyte injury has been shown to have an important role in the pathophysiology of many glomerular diseases including IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This review would focus on the possible potential of podocyte-derived microparticles detected in urine to be used as a diagnostic tool in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farzamikia
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Ding X, Jing N, Shen A, Guo F, Song Y, Pan M, Ma X, Zhao L, Zhang H, Wu L, Qin G, Zhao Y. MiR-21-5p in macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles affects podocyte pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating A20. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1175-1184. [PMID: 32930981 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Podocyte pyroptosis, characterized by inflammasome activation, plays an important role in inflammation-mediated diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our study aimed to investigate whether miR-21-5p in macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) could affect podocyte injury in DN. METHODS EVs were extracted after the treatment of RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage line) with high glucose (HG). The podocyte pyroptosis was determined using the flow cytometry and the western blot. After the knockdown of miR-21-5p in HG-induced RAW264.7 cells, we injected the extracted EVs into DN model mice. RESULTS The level of miR-21-5p was higher in HG-stimulated macrophage-derived EVs than in normal glucose-cultured macrophage-derived EVs. The co-culture of EVs and podocytes promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activation of inflammatory in MPC5 cells (mouse podocyte line). However, restraint of miR-21-5p in EVs reduced ROS production and inhibit inflammasome activation in MPC5 cells, thereby reducing podocytes injury. Meanwhile, we found that miR-21-5p inhibited the A20 expression through binding with its 3'-untranslated regions in MPC5 cells. Further studies showed that A20 was also involved in the regulation of miR-21-5p of RAW 264.7-derived EVs on MPC5 injury. At the same time, it was also proved in the DN model mice that miR-21-5p in macrophage-derived EVs could regulate podocyte injury. CONCLUSION MiR-21-5p in macrophage-derived EVs can regulate pyroptosis-mediated podocyte injury by A20 in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - N Jing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - A Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - F Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - M Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - G Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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The Non-Coding RNA Landscape in IgA Nephropathy-Where Are We in 2021? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112369. [PMID: 34071162 PMCID: PMC8198207 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most commonly diagnosed primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is a slow progressing disease with approximately 30% of cases reaching end-stage kidney disease within 20 years of diagnosis. It is currently only diagnosed by an invasive biopsy and treatment options are limited. However, the current surge in interest in RNA interference is opening up new horizons for the use of this new technology in the field of IgAN management. A greater understanding of the fundamentals of RNA interference offers exciting possibilities both for biomarker discovery and, more importantly, for novel therapeutic approaches to target key pathogenic pathways in IgAN. This review aims to summarise the RNA interference literature in the context of microRNAs and their association with the multifaceted aspects of IgA nephropathy.
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Liu C, Li X, Shuai L, Dang X, Peng F, Zhao M, Xiong S, Liu Y, He Q. Astragaloside IV Inhibits Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Secretion via miR-98-5p in Pediatric IgA Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658236. [PMID: 33935780 PMCID: PMC8085534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The factor associated with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an abnormality of IgA known as galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular role played by miRNAs in the formation of Gd-IgA1 in IgAN and investigate the regulatory role of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in miRNAs. Patients and methods: Bioinformatics analysis, along with functional and mechanistic experiments, were used to investigate the relationship and function of miRNA, β-1, 3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1), Gd-IgA1, and AS-IV. Analyses involved a series of tools, including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-qPCR), Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Vicia Villosa lectin-binding assay (VVA), Cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), and the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: miRNA screening and validation showed that miR-98-5p was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pediatric patients with IgAN compared with patients diagnosed with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis (IgAV-N), and healthy controls (p < 0.05). Experiments with the dual-luciferase reporter confirmed that miR-98-5p might target C1GALT1. The overexpression of miR-98-5p in DAKIKI cells decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of C1GALT1 and increased the levels of Gd-IgA1 levels; these effects were reversed by co-transfection with the C1GALT1 plasmid, and vice versa. In addition, AS-IV downregulated the levels of Gd-IgA1 level in DAKIKI cells by inhibiting miR-98-5p. Conclusions: Our results revealed that AS-IV could inhibit Gd-IgA1 secretion via miR-98-5p. Increased levels of miR-98-5p in pediatric IgAN patients might affect the glycosylation of IgA1 by targeting C1GALT1. In addition, our analyses suggest that the pathogenesis of IgAN may differ from that of IgAV-N. Collectively, these results provide significant insight into the pathogenesis of IgAN and identify a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanjun Shuai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiqiang Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangrong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiqiu Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Zhou LY, Lin SN, Rieder F, Chen MH, Zhang SH, Mao R. Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Intestinal Fibrosis of Crohn's Disease: The Path From Bench to Bedside. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:971-982. [PMID: 33324986 PMCID: PMC8344842 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major pathway to organ injury and failure, accounting for more than one-third of deaths worldwide. Intestinal fibrosis causes irreversible and serious clinical complications, such as strictures and obstruction, secondary to a complex pathogenesis. Under the stimulation of profibrotic soluble factors, excessive activation of mesenchymal cells causes extracellular matrix deposition via canonical transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling or other pathways (eg, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) in intestinal fibrogenesis. In recent studies, the importance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) stands out in fibrotic diseases in that ncRNAs exhibit a remarkable variety of biological functions in modulating the aforementioned fibrogenic responses. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs, including the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, in intestinal fibrogenesis. Notably, the translational potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of intestinal fibrosis is discussed based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs. The main points of this review include the following: • Characteristics of ncRNAs and mechanisms of intestinal fibrogenesis • Wide participation of ncRNAs (especially the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs) in intestinal fibrosis, including transforming growth factor-β signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling • Translational potential of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal fibrosis based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Min-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
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Abstract
Rationale & Objective Previous studies have suggested that microRNA-21 (miR-21) plays an important role in kidney fibrosis. We examined the relationship between intrarenal miR-21 level and rate of kidney function loss in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 40 patients with IgAN and 10 with hypertensive nephrosclerosis as controls. Predictors miR-21 levels in kidney biopsy specimen and urinary sediment, quantified as ratio to the housekeeping gene. Outcomes Kidney event–free survival and rate of kidney function decline. Analytic Approach Time-to-event and correlation analysis. Results The IgAN group had significantly higher intrarenal miR-21 expression compared with the hypertensive nephrosclerosis group (1.71 [IQR, 0.99-2.77] vs 0.31 [IQR, 0.25-1.32]; P < 0.0001), but urinary miR-21 levels were similar. Intrarenal miR-21 expression had significant but modest correlation with severity of glomerulosclerosis (r = 0.293; P = 0.05) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (r = 0.341; P = 0.03). Patients with high intrarenal miR-21 expression had significantly higher risk for developing kidney end points compared with those with low expression (log-rank test, P = 0.017). Univariate Cox analysis showed that intrarenal miR-21 expression significantly predicted the development of kidney end points (unadjusted HR, 1.586; 95% CI, 1.179-2.134; P = 0.002). However, the result was just short of statistical significance after adjusting for the severity of histologic damage (P = 0.06). There was also a significant correlation between intrarenal miR-21 expression and the slope of kidney function decline by univariate analysis (r = −0.399; P = 0.02). Limitations Small sample size; uncertain cellular origin of miR-21. Conclusions We found that intrarenal miR-21 expression is increased in patients with IgAN, modestly correlated with the severity of histologic damage, and predictive of subsequent kidney function loss.
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Fragiadaki M, Macleod FM, Ong ACM. The Controversial Role of Fibrosis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238936. [PMID: 33255651 PMCID: PMC7728143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the progressive growth of cysts but it is also accompanied by diffuse tissue scarring or fibrosis. A number of recent studies have been published in this area, yet the role of fibrosis in ADPKD remains controversial. Here, we will discuss the stages of fibrosis progression in ADPKD, and how these compare with other common kidney diseases. We will also provide a detailed overview of some key mechanistic pathways to fibrosis in the polycystic kidney. Specifically, the role of the 'chronic hypoxia hypothesis', persistent inflammation, Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ), Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and microRNAs will be examined. Evidence for and against a pathogenic role of extracellular matrix during ADPKD disease progression will be provided.
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Selvaskandan H, Shi S, Twaij S, Cheung CK, Barratt J. Monitoring Immune Responses in IgA Nephropathy: Biomarkers to Guide Management. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572754. [PMID: 33123151 PMCID: PMC7572847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest biopsy-reported primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It has an incidence which peaks among young adults, and 30 to 40% of patients' progress to end stage kidney disease within twenty years of diagnosis. Ten-year kidney survival rates have been reported to be as low as 35% in some parts of the world. The successful management of IgAN is limited by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of IgAN and a poor understanding of how pathophysiology may vary both from patient to patient and between patient groups, particularly across races. This is compounded by a lack of rigorously designed and delivered clinical trials in IgAN. This is slowly changing, with a number of Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of novel therapies targeting a number of different putative pathogenic pathways in IgAN due to report in the next 5 years. From our current, albeit limited, understanding of the pathophysiology of IgAN it is unlikely a single therapy will be effective in all patients with IgAN. The successful management of IgAN in the future is, therefore, likely to be reliant on targeted therapies, carefully selected based on an individualized understanding of a patient's risk of progression and underlying pathophysiology. The potential role of biomarkers to facilitate personalization of prognostication and treatment of IgAN is immense. Here we review the progress made over the past decade in identifying and validating new biomarkers, with a particular focus on those that reflect immunological responses in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Selvaskandan
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sufang Shi
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Twaij
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Chee Kay Cheung
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Bioinformatics analysis reveals novel hub gene pathways associated with IgA nephropathy. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:40. [PMID: 32894197 PMCID: PMC7487908 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulopathy worldwide. However, the molecular events underlying IgAN remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers of IgAN through bioinformatics analysis and elucidate the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS Based on the microarray datasets GSE93798 and GSE37460 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IgAN samples and normal controls were identified. Using the DEGs, we further performed a series of functional enrichment analyses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed using the STRING online search tool and were visualized using Cytoscape. Next, hub genes were identified and the most important module among the DEGs, Biological Networks Gene Ontology tool (BiNGO), was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of IgAN. RESULTS In total, 148 DEGs were identified, comprising 53 upregulated genes and 95 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs for IgAN were mainly enriched in extracellular exosome, region and space, fibroblast growth factor stimulus, inflammatory response, and innate immunity. Module analysis showed that genes in the top 1 significant module of the PPI network were mainly associated with innate immune response, integrin-mediated signaling pathway and inflammatory response. The top 10 hub genes were constructed in the PPI network, which could well distinguish the IgAN and control group in monocyte and tissue samples. We finally identified the integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2) and Fc fragment of IgE receptor Ig (FCER1G) genes that may play important roles in the development of IgAN. CONCLUSIONS We identified key genes along with the pathways that were most closely related to IgAN initiation and progression. Our results provide a more detailed molecular mechanism for the development of IgAN and novel candidate gene targets of IgAN.
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Rayego-Mateos S, Valdivielso JM. New therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease progression and renal fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:655-670. [PMID: 32338087 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1762173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current therapeutic armamentarium to prevent chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is limited to the control of blood pressure and in diabetic patients, the strict control of glucose levels. Current research is primarily focused on the reduction of inflammation and fibrosis at different levels. AREAS COVERED This article examines the latest progress in this field and places an emphasis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. New therapeutic targets are described and evidence from experimental and clinical studies is summarized. We performed a search in Medline for articles published over the last 10 years. EXPERT OPINION The search for therapeutic targets of renal inflammation is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. The determination of the specific inducers of inflammation in the kidney is an area of heightened potential. Prevention of the progression of renal fibrosis by blocking TGF-β signaling has been unsuccessful, but the investigation of signaling pathways involved in late stages of fibrosis progression could yield improved results. Preventive strategies such as the modification of microbiota-inducers of uremic toxins involved in CKD progression is a promising field because of the interaction between the gut microbiota and the renal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red De Investigación Renal (Redinren) , Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut De Recerca Biomèdica De Lleida IRBLleida , Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Red De Investigación Renal (Redinren) , Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut De Recerca Biomèdica De Lleida IRBLleida , Lleida, Spain
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Urinary MicroRNA-21-5p as Potential Biomarker of Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy (IFTA) in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020113. [PMID: 32092939 PMCID: PMC7168003 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal allograft dysfunction (CAD) is a major limiting factor of long-term graft survival. The hallmarks of progressive CAD are interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). MicroRNAs are small, regulatory RNAs involved in many immunological processes. In particular, microRNA-21-5p (miR-21) is considered to be strongly associated with pathogenesis regarding tubulointerstitium. The aim of this study was to assess urinary miR-21 expression levels in the kidney transplant recipients and determine their application in the evaluation of IFTA and kidney allograft function. The expression levels of miR-21 were quantified in the urine of 31 kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-assessed IFTA (IFTA 0 + I: n = 17; IFTA II + III: n = 14) by real-time quantitative PCR. Urine samples were collected at the time of protocolar biopsies performed 1 or 2 years after kidney transplantation. MicroRNA-191-5p was used as reference gene. MiR-21 was significantly up-regulated in IFTA II + III group compared to IFTA 0 + I group (p = 0.003). MiR-21 correlated significantly with serum concentration of creatinine (r = 0.52, p = 0.003) and eGFR (r = -0.45; p = 0.01). ROC analysis determined the diagnostic value of miR-21 with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.80 (p = 0.0002), sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.71. miR-21 is associated with renal allograft dysfunction and IFTA. Therefore, it could be considered as a potential diagnostic, non-invasive biomarker for monitoring renal graft function.
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Lemaire J, Van der Hauwaert C, Savary G, Dewaeles E, Perrais M, Lo Guidice JM, Pottier N, Glowacki F, Cauffiez C. Cadmium-Induced Renal Cell Toxicity Is Associated With MicroRNA Deregulation. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:103-114. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581819899039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant well known for its nephrotoxic effects. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying nephrotoxicity continue to be elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged in recent years as modulators of xenobiotic-induced toxicity. In this context, our study aimed at elucidating whether miRNAs are involved in renal proximal tubular toxicity induced by cadmium exposure. We showed that cadmium exposure, in 2 distinct renal proximal tubular cell models (renal proximal tubular epithelial cell [RPTEC]/human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT] and human kidney-2), resulted in cytotoxicity associated with morphological changes, overexpression of renal injury markers, and induction of apoptosis and inflammation processes. Cadmium exposure also resulted in miRNA modulation, including the significant upregulation of 38 miRNAs in RPTEC/hTERT cells. Most of these miRNAs are known to target genes whose coding proteins are involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, leading to tissue remodeling. In conclusion, this study provides a list of dysregulated miRNAs which may play a role in the pathophysiology of cadmium-induced kidney damages and highlights promising cadmium molecular biomarkers that warrants to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lemaire
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - C. Van der Hauwaert
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
- Département de la Recherche en Santé, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - G. Savary
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - E. Dewaeles
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - M. Perrais
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - J. M. Lo Guidice
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - N. Pottier
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
- Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - F. Glowacki
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
- Service de Néphrologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - C. Cauffiez
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
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O'Sullivan J, Finnie SL, Teenan O, Cairns C, Boyd A, Bailey MA, Thomson A, Hughes J, Bénézech C, Conway BR, Denby L. Refining the Mouse Subtotal Nephrectomy in Male 129S2/SV Mice for Consistent Modeling of Progressive Kidney Disease With Renal Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1365. [PMID: 31803059 PMCID: PMC6872545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent worldwide and is associated with significant co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditionally, the subtotal nephrectomy (remnant kidney) experimental model has been performed in rats to model progressive renal disease. The model experimentally mimics CKD by reducing nephron number, resulting in renal insufficiency. Presently, there is a lack of translation of pre-clinical findings into successful clinical results. The pre-clinical nephrology field would benefit from reproducible progressive renal disease models in mice in order to avail of more widely available transgenics and experimental tools to dissect mechanisms of disease. Here we evaluate if a simplified single step subtotal nephrectomy (STNx) model performed in the 129S2/SV mouse can recapitulate the renal and cardiac changes observed in patients with CKD in a reproducible and robust way. The single step STNx surgery was well-tolerated and resulted in clinically relevant outcomes including hypertension, increased urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, and significantly increased serum creatinine, phosphate and urea. STNx mice developed significant left ventricular hypertrophy without reduced ejection fraction or cardiac fibrosis. Analysis of intra-renal inflammation revealed persistent recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes transitioning to pro-fibrotic inflammatory macrophages in STNx kidneys. Unlike 129S2/SV mice, C57BL/6 mice exhibited renal fibrosis without proteinuria, renal dysfunction, or cardiac pathology. Therefore, the 129S2/SV genetic background is susceptible to induction of progressive proteinuric renal disease and cardiac hypertrophy using our refined, single-step flank STNx method. This reproducible model could be used to study the systemic pathophysiological changes induced by CKD in the kidney and the heart, intra-renal inflammation and for testing new therapies for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Louise Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Boyd
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Ronald Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
As one type of the most common endogenous short noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and have great potential biological functions in the physiological and pathological processes of various diseases. The role of miRNAs in renal fibrosis has also attracted great attention in the previous 20 years, and new therapeutic strategies targeting miRNAs appear to be promising. Some researchers have previously reviewed the roles of miRNA in renal fibrosis disease, but numerous studies have emerged over the recent 5 years. It is necessary to update and summarize research progress in miRNAs in renal fibrosis. Thus, in this review, we summarize progress in miRNA-mediated renal fibrosis over the last 5 years and evaluate the biological functions of some miRNAs in different stages of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, we also expound the recent clinical applications of these miRNAs to provide new insights into the treatment of renal fibrosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youling Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Xinjiang Province, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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38
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Zang J, Maxwell AP, Simpson DA, McKay GJ. Differential Expression of Urinary Exosomal MicroRNAs miR-21-5p and miR-30b-5p in Individuals with Diabetic Kidney Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10900. [PMID: 31358876 PMCID: PMC6662907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for the identification of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are needed as current tests lack sensitivity for detecting early kidney damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding regulatory ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules commonly found in urinary exosomes differentially expressed as renal function declines. We evaluated urinary exosomal miRNA expression in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DKD (T2DKD). 87 human urinary exosomal miRNAs were profiled in a discovery cohort of patients with T2DKD (n = 14) and age and gender matched controls with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal renal function (T2DNRF; n = 15). Independent validation of differentially expressed target miRNAs was performed in a second cohort with T2DKD (n = 22) and two control groups: T2DNRF (n = 15) and controls with chronic kidney disease (CCKD) and poor renal function without diabetes (n = 18). In the discovery cohort, urinary miR-21-5p, let-7e-5p and miR-23b-3p were significantly upregulated in T2DKD compared to T2DNRF (p < 0.05). Conversely, miR-30b-5p and miR-125b-5p expression was significantly lower in T2DKD (p < 0.05). Independent validation confirmed up-regulation of miR-21-5p in the replication cohort in T2DKD (2.13-fold, p = 0.006) and in CCKD (1.73-fold, p = 0.024). In contrast, miR-30b-5p was downregulated in T2DKD (0.82-fold, p = 0.006) and in CCKD (0.66-fold, p < 0.002). This study identified differential expression of miR-21-5p and miR-30b-5p in individuals with diabetic kidney disease and poor renal function. These miRNAs represent potential biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Zang
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P Maxwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David A Simpson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Zhang D, Cao Y, Zuo Y, Wang Z, Mi X, Tang W. Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel hub genes closely associated with pathological mechanisms of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1235-1245. [PMID: 31316619 PMCID: PMC6601137 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerular disease. The major pathological changes associated with it affect cell proliferation, fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. However, the molecular events underlying IgAN remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis was applied to further explore novel potential gene targets for IgAN. The mRNA expression profile datasets GSE93798 and GSE37460 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After data preprocessing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were built with the STRING online search tool and visualized by using Cytoscape, and hub genes were identified through the degree of connectivity in the PPI. The hub genes were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and co-expression analysis was performed. A total of 298 DEGs between IgAN and control groups were identified, and 148 and 150 of these DEGs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The DEGs were enriched in distinct GO terms for Biological Process, including cell growth, epithelial cell proliferation, ERK1 and ERK2 cascades, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and ECM organization. The top 10 hub genes were then screened from the PPI network by Cytoscape. As novel hub genes, Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit and early growth response 1 were determined to be closely associated with apoptosis and cell proliferation in IgAN. Tumor protein 53, integrin subunit β2 and fibronectin 1 may also be involved in the occurrence and development of IgAN. Co-expression analysis suggested that these hub genes were closely linked with each other. In conclusion, the present integrated bioinformatics analysis provided novel insight into the molecular events and novel candidate gene targets of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yongdi Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xuhua Mi
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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Non-Coding RNAs as New Therapeutic Targets in the Context of Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081977. [PMID: 31018516 PMCID: PMC6515288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, or tissue scarring, is defined as the excessive, persistent and destructive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in response to chronic tissue injury. Renal fibrosis represents the final stage of most chronic kidney diseases and contributes to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function. Limited therapeutic options are available and the molecular mechanisms governing the renal fibrosis process are complex and remain poorly understood. Recently, the role of non-coding RNAs, and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), has been described in kidney fibrosis. Seminal studies have highlighted their potential importance as new therapeutic targets and innovative diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. This review will summarize recent scientific advances and will discuss potential clinical applications as well as future research directions.
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Guo J, Song W, Boulanger J, Xu EY, Wang F, Zhang Y, He Q, Wang S, Yang L, Pryce C, Phillips L, MacKenna D, Leberer E, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Ding J, Liu S. Dysregulated Expression of microRNA-21 and Disease-Related Genes in Human Patients and in a Mouse Model of Alport Syndrome. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:865-881. [PMID: 30808234 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome is a genetic disease caused by mutations in type IV collagen and is characterized by progressive kidney disease. The Col4α3-/- mouse model recapitulates the main features of human Alport syndrome. Previously, it was reported that kidney microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression is significantly increased in Col4α3-/- mice, and administration of anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides (anti-miR-21) attenuates kidney disease progression in Col4α3-/- mice, indicating that miR-21 is a viable therapeutic target for Alport syndrome. However, the expression pattern of miR-21 in the kidneys of patients with human Alport syndrome has not been evaluated. Paraffin-embedded kidney specimens were obtained from 27 patients with Alport syndrome and from 10 normal controls. They were evaluated for miR-21 expression and for in situ hybridization and mRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, anti-miR-21 was administrated to Col4α3-/- mice at different stages of disease, and changes in proteinuria, kidney function, and survival were monitored. Transcriptomic analysis of mouse kidney was conducted using RNA sequencing. miR-21 expression was significantly elevated in kidney specimens from patients with Alport syndrome compared to normal controls. Elevated renal miR-21 expression positively correlated with 24 h urine protein, serum blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and severity of kidney pathology. On histological evaluation, high levels of miR-21 were localized to damaged tubular epithelial cells and glomeruli. Kidney specimens from both humans and mice with Alport syndrome exhibited abnormal expression of genes involved in kidney injury, fibrosis, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and lipid metabolism. Administration of anti-miR-21 to Alport mice resulted in slowing of kidney function decline, partial reversal of abnormal gene expression associated with disease pathology, and improved survival. Increased levels of miR-21 in human Alport kidney samples showed a correlation with kidney disease severity measured by proteinuria, biomarkers of kidney function, and kidney histopathology scores. These human data, combined with the finding that a reduction of miR-21 in Col4α3-/- mice improves kidney phenotype and survival, support miR-21 as a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifan Guo
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Song
- 2Rare Disease Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Boulanger
- 2Rare Disease Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Ethan Y Xu
- 3Translational Sciences, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Fang Wang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qun He
- 4Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Wang
- 5Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- 6Department of Internal Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cynthia Pryce
- 2Rare Disease Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Lucy Phillips
- 2Rare Disease Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Jie Ding
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shiguang Liu
- 2Rare Disease Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
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Fujii R, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Yamazaki M, Ohashi K, Ishikawa H, Maeda K, Hagiwara C, Ando Y, Hashimoto S, Hamajima N, Suzuki K. Associations of Circulating MicroRNAs (miR-17, miR-21, and miR-150) and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Japanese Population. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:177-182. [PMID: 30905898 PMCID: PMC7064557 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the development of various diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although previous studies in clinically severe patients have investigated associations between CKD and miRNAs, with particular attention on renal fibrosis, relationships in a general population have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between expression level of circulating miRNAs and CKD in a middle-aged Japanese population. Methods A final total of 513 individuals (216 men and 297 women) who participated in the health check-up program in 2012 were included in our analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine expression levels of 22 miRNAs. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine level, sex, and age. Participants with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were defined as having CKD. Results Three different miRNAs (miR-17, miR-21, and miR-150) showed significant correlations with eGFR after Bonferroni correction and were selected for further analyses. Expression levels of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-150 miRNAs were positively associated with eGFR after adjusting for potential confounders (P = 0.004, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively). Logistic regression analyses showed significantly lower odds ratios for CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in the highest tertile of all three miRNAs (miR-17, miR-21, and miR-150) compared with the lowest tertile (P = 0.003, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). Conclusions We found that three circulating miRNAs were significantly associated with CKD in a general Japanese population, which suggested that these miRNAs may be biomarkers for CKD among general adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Chiharu Hagiwara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
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Li X, Wu X. MiR-21-5p promotes the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating the expression of SMAD7. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8445-8454. [PMID: 30568467 PMCID: PMC6276624 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to detect the expression of MiR-21-5p in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and to investigate the effect of its expression on the progression of NSCLC. Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression of MiR-21-5p in 118 NSCLC tumor tissues to their adjacent normal tissues. The expressions of SMAD7, MMP-9, E-cadherin, and vimentin proteins were detected by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Cell colony formation, scratch, and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of A549 cells, respectively. Results MiR-21-5p was highly expressed in the tumor tissues of NSCLC patients, and its expression was significantly correlated with the clinical classification of NSCLC patients (χ2=7.154, P=0.007), tumor size (χ2=4.372, P=0.037), differentiation (χ2=13.713, P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (χ2=5.101, P=0.024), distant metastasis (χ2=12.599, P=0.000), and TNM stage (χ2=6.344, P=0.012), whereas it was positively correlated with the expression of SMAD7 protein (r=0.669, P<0.05). The results of the luciferase gene reporter system showed that MiR-21-5p targeted and promoted the expression of SMAD7 gene, which enhanced NSCLC cell proliferation. Furthermore, MiR-21-5p promoted the expressions of MMP-9 and vimentin proteins as well as inhibited the expression of E-cadherin protein, which is associated with an elevated SMAD7 protein expression and enhanced the invasion/migration ability of NSCLC cells. Conclusion MiR-21-5p was highly expressed in NSCLC tumor tissues, and its high expression could promote NSCLC progression by targeting the expression of SMAD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpan Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan General Hospital, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China,
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Renal miR-148b is associated with megalin down-regulation in IgA nephropathy. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181578. [PMID: 30355654 PMCID: PMC6239259 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is essential for proximal tubule reabsorption of filtered proteins, hormones, and vitamins, and its dysfunction has been reported in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). miR-148b has been shown to regulate renal megalin expression in vitro and in animal models of kidney disease. We examined a potential role of miR-148b and other miRNAs in regulating megalin expression in IgAN by analyzing the association between megalin and miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-192 expression. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis identified a marked increase in renal levels of several miRNAs, including miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, and a significant decrease in megalin mRNA levels in IgAN patients when compared with normal controls. By multiple linear regression analysis, however, only renal miR-148b was independently associated with megalin mRNA levels in IgAN. Proximal tubule megalin expression was further evaluated by immunofluorescence labeling of biopsies from the patients. The megalin expression was significantly lower in patients with highest levels of renal miR-148b compared with patients with lowest levels. To examine the direct effects of the miRNAs on megalin and other membrane proteins expression, proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells were transfected with miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, or miR-192 mimics. Transfection with miR-148b mimic, but not the other three miRNA mimics inhibited endogenous megalin mRNA expression. No significant effect of any of the four miRNA mimics was observed on cubilin or aquaporin 1 (AQP1) mRNA expression. The findings suggest that miR-148b negatively regulates megalin expression in IgAN, which may affect renal uptake and metabolism of essential substances.
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Wang X, Gao Y, Tian N, Zou D, Shi Y, Zhang N. Astragaloside IV improves renal function and fibrosis via inhibition of miR-21-induced podocyte dedifferentiation and mesangial cell activation in diabetic mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2431-2442. [PMID: 30122901 PMCID: PMC6084069 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s170840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Podocyte dedifferentiation and mesangial cell (MC) activation play an important role in many glomerular diseases associated with fibrosis. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is closely linked to renal fibrosis, but it is unknown whether and how miR-21 promotes podocyte dedifferentiation and MC activation and whether astragaloside IV (AS-IV) improves renal function and fibrosis through the regulation of miR-21. Materials and methods Cultured MCs, primary mouse podocytes, and diabetic KK-Ay mice were treated with AS-IV. Cell transfection, Western blot, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence assay, immunohistochemical assay, and electronic microscopy were used to detect the markers of podocyte dedifferentiation and MC activation and to observe the renal morphology. Results Our data showed that miR-21 expression was increased and that AS-IV decreased miR-21 levels in cells, serum, and kidney. Overexpressed miR-21 promoted podocyte dedifferentiation and MC activation, and treatment with AS-IV reversed this effect. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-21 activated the β-catenin pathway and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smads pathway in the process of podocyte dedifferentiation and MC activation, which was abolished by AS-IV treatment. In addition, both the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV-939 and the TGF-β1/Smads pathway inhibitor SB431542 reversed the effect of AS-IV. Furthermore, AS-IV improved renal function and fibrosis in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Conclusion Our results indicated that AS-IV ameliorates renal function and renal fibrosis by inhibiting miR-21 overexpression-induced podocyte dedifferentiation and MC activation in diabetic kidney disease. These findings pave way for future studies investigating AS-IV as a potential therapeutic agent in the management of glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China,
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China,
| | - Nianxiu Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Dawei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China,
| | - Yimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China,
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Cao Y, Hu J, Sui J, Jiang L, Cong Y, Ren G. Quercetin is able to alleviate TGF-β-induced fibrosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by suppressing miR-21. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2442-2448. [PMID: 30210596 PMCID: PMC6122524 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. A number of studies have indicated that tubule interstitial fibrosis (TIF) is associated with the occurrence and development of CKD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of quercetin treatment on the fibrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and to determine whether the anti-fibrotic effects of quercetin are achieved via microRNA (miR)-21. Human tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were cultured with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β to induce fibrosis and the expression of fibrotic markers collagen I, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and epithelial-cadherin were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Cells were treated with 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/ml quercetin, following which fibrosis and miR-21 expression were evaluated. Quercetin-treated cells were transfected with miR-21 mimics and the expression of fibrotic markers was examined using RT-qPCR. Finally, the expression of fibrosis-associated miR-21 target genes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 3 (TIMP3), was measured in cells treated with quercetin with or without miR-21 mimics using RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed that TGF-β treatment induced a significant increase in the expression of fibrotic markers in HK-2 cells, while quercetin treatment partially inhibited the fibrosis of HK-2 cells. Furthermore, quercetin treatment significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced miR-21 upregulation and transfection with miR-21 mimics reversed the anti-fibrotic effects of quercetin. Quercetin treatment markedly upregulated PTEN and TIMP3 expression, whereas transfection with miR-21 mimics reversed this effect. The results of the present study suggest that quercetin is able to alleviate TGF-β-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells via suppressing the miR-21 and upregulating PTEN and TIMP3. Quercetin may have potential as an anti-fibrotic treatment for patients with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Daqingshi No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Daqingshi No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Sui
- Department of Nephrology, Daqingshi No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, P.R. China
| | - Limei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Daqingshi No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Cong
- Department of Nephrology, Daqingshi No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Daqingshi No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, P.R. China
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Song N, Zhang T, Xu X, Lu Z, Yu X, Fang Y, Hu J, Jia P, Teng J, Ding X. miR-21 Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Preventing Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Inhibiting Dendritic Cell Maturation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:790. [PMID: 30013485 PMCID: PMC6036242 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular injury and innate immune responses induced by hypoxia contribute to acute kidney injury. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR-21 overexpression protects against kidney ischemia injury. Additionally, miR-21 emerges as a key inhibitor in dendritic cell maturation. Thus, we hypothesized that miR-21 protects the kidney from IR injury by suppressing epithelial cell damage and inflammatory reaction. In this study, we investigated effects of miR-21 and its signaling pathways (PTEN/AKT/mTOR/HIF, PDCD4/NFκ-B) on kidney ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that IR increased miR-21, HIF1α, and 2α expression in vivo and in vitro. MiR-21 interacted with HIF1α and 2α through the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, inhibition of miR-21 activated PDCD4/NFκ-B pathways, which are critical for dendritic cell maturation. Renal IR triggers local inflammation by inducing the dendritic cell maturation and promoting the secretion of IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines. Knockdown of miR-21 intensified the effect of IR on tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and dendritic cell maturation. Our results suggested that IR-inducible miR-21 protects epithelial cells from IR injury via a feedback interaction with HIF (PTEN/AKT/mTOR/HIF/miR-21) and by inhibiting maturation of DCs through the PDCD4/NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight new therapeutic opportunities in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Song
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaLian Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachang Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jia
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Teng
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Cardozo ER, Foster R, Karmon AE, Lee AE, Gatune LW, Rueda BR, Styer AK. MicroRNA 21a-5p overexpression impacts mediators of extracellular matrix formation in uterine leiomyoma. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 29747655 PMCID: PMC5946472 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (MiR) may promote fibroid development via altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and ECM formation, and evidence supports aberrant expression of MicroRNA (MiR) 21a-5p in fibroids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional significance of MiR 21a-5p overexpression in the pathobiology of leiomyomata (fibroids). METHODS A basic science experimental design using immortalized fibroid and myometrial cell lines derived from patient-matched specimens was used. Stable overexpression of MiR-21a-5p in an immortalized fibroid and patient matched myometrial cell line was achieved through lentiviral vector infection. Main outcome measures were MiR-21-5p overexpression, target gene and protein expression, collagen (COL1A1) production, cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell cycle stages of fibroid and myometrial immortalized cell lines. RESULTS MiR-21a-5p was overexpressed to similar levels in fibroid and myometrial cell lines after lentiviral infection. Increased expression of miR-21 resulted in increased gene and protein expression of TGF-β3 in both fibroid and myometrial cells. Changes in expression of the ECM genes Fibronectin, Collagen 1A1, CTGF, Versican and DPT were seen in both fibroid and myometrial cells. Changes were also seen in Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) related genes including MMP 2, MMP 9, MMP 11 and Serpine 1 in both fibroid and myometrial cells. MiR-21 upregulation resulted in increased proliferation and migration in fibroid cells compared to myometrial cells. CONCLUSIONS MiR-21a-5p overexpression results in changes in the expression of ECM mediators in both fibroid and myometrial cells, and increased cell proliferation in fibroid cells. These finding suggest a potential functional role of MiR-21a-5p in the development of uterine fibroids and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden R. Cardozo
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- 0000 0004 1936 9094grid.40263.33Women and Infants Fertility Center, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 90 Plain Street, Providence, RI 02905 USA
| | - Rosemary Foster
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Anatte E. Karmon
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Amy E. Lee
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Leah W. Gatune
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aaron K. Styer
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Alhasson F, Seth RK, Sarkar S, Kimono DA, Albadrani MS, Dattaroy D, Chandrashekaran V, Scott GI, Raychoudhury S, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Diehl AM, Chatterjee S. High circulatory leptin mediated NOX-2-peroxynitrite-miR21 axis activate mesangial cells and promotes renal inflammatory pathology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Redox Biol 2018; 17:1-15. [PMID: 29660503 PMCID: PMC6006523 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High circulatory insulin and leptin followed by underlying inflammation are often ascribed to the ectopic manifestations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but the exact molecular pathways remain unclear. We have shown previously that CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and circulating leptin in NAFLD is associated with renal disease severity. Extending the studies, we hypothesized that high circulatory leptin in NAFLD causes renal mesangial cell activation and tubular inflammation via a NOX2 dependent pathway that upregulates proinflammatory miR21. High-fat diet (60% kcal) was used to induce fatty liver phenotype with parallel insulin and leptin resistance. The kidneys were probed for mesangial cell activation and tubular inflammation that showed accelerated NASH phenotype and oxidative stress in the liver. Results showed that NAFLD kidneys had significant increases in α-SMA, a marker of mesangial cell activation, miR21 levels, tyrosine nitration and renal inflammation while they were significantly decreased in leptin and p47 phox knockout mice. Micro RNA21 knockout mice showed decreased tubular immunotoxicity and proinflammatory mediator release. Mechanistically, use of NOX2 siRNA or apocynin,phenyl boronic acid (FBA), DMPO or miR21 antagomir inhibited leptin primed-miR21-mediated mesangial cell activation in vitro suggesting a direct role of leptin-mediated NOX-2 in miR21-mediated mesangial cell activation. Finally, JAK-STAT inhibitor completely abrogated the mesangial cell activation in leptin-primed cells suggesting that leptin signaling in the mesangial cells depended on the JAK-STAT pathway. Taken together the study reports a novel mechanistic pathway of leptin-mediated renal inflammation that is dependent on NOX-2-miR21 axis in ectopic manifestations underlying NAFLD-induced co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Alhasson
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ratanesh Kumar Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diana A Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Muayad S Albadrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diptadip Dattaroy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Varun Chandrashekaran
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Scott
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Samir Raychoudhury
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Health Science, Benedict College, Columbia, SC 29204, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Selvaskandan H, Pawluczyk I, Barratt J. MicroRNAs: a new avenue to understand, investigate and treat immunoglobulin A nephropathy? Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:29-37. [PMID: 29423198 PMCID: PMC5798124 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Up to 30% of cases develop the progressive form of the disease, eventually requiring renal replacement therapy. Diagnosis and risk stratification relies on an invasive kidney biopsy and management options are limited, with recurrence following renal transplantation being common. Thus the quest to understand the pathophysiology of IgAN has been one of great importance. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short nucleotides that suppress gene expression by hybridizing to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNAs), promoting mRNA degradation or disrupting translation. First discovered in 1993, miRs have since been implicated in a number of chronic conditions, including cancer, heart disease and kidney disease. The mounting interest in the field of miRs has led to fascinating developments in the field of nephrology, ranging from their roles as biomarkers for disease to the development of miR antagonists as avenues for treatment. The translational potential for miRs in IgAN is thus well grounded and may represent a paradigm shift in current approaches to the disease. This review aims to summarize the literature with regard to miRs and their roles in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Selvaskandan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Izabella Pawluczyk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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