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Huang L, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Qiu X. GelMA-based hydrogel biomaterial scaffold: A versatile platform for regenerative endodontics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35412. [PMID: 38701383 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Endodontic therapy, while generally successful, is primarily limited to mature teeth, hence the pressing need to explore regenerative approaches. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have emerged as pivotal biomaterials, promising a bright future for dental pulp regeneration. Despite advancements in tissue engineering and biomaterials, achieving true pulp tissue regeneration remains a formidable task. GelMA stands out for its injectability, rapid gelation, and excellent biocompatibility, serving as the cornerstone of scaffold materials. In the pursuit of dental pulp regeneration, GelMA holds significant potential, facilitating the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, and other vital substances crucial for tissue repair. Presently, in the field of dental pulp regeneration, researchers have been diligently utilizing GelMA hydrogels as engineering scaffolds to transport various effective substances to promote pulp regeneration. However, existing research is relatively scattered and lacks comprehensive reviews and summaries. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to elucidate the application of GelMA hydrogels as regenerative scaffolds in this field, thereby providing clear direction for future researchers. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, and application of GelMA hydrogels in root canal therapy regeneration. Furthermore, it offers new application strategies and profound insights into future challenges, such as optimizing GelMA formulations to mimic the complex microenvironment of pulp tissue and enhancing its integration with host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoXia Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinchun Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Sun Q, Li Y, Luo P, He H. Animal models for testing biomaterials in periodontal regeneration. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:142-150. [PMID: 38283090 PMCID: PMC10817781 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease. It can cause tooth loss and has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. While existing treatments can only slow the progression of periodontitis, they are unable to achieve complete regeneration and functional reconstruction of periodontal tissues. As a result, regenerative therapies based on biomaterials have become a focal point of research in the field of periodontology. Despite numerous studies reporting the superiority of new materials in periodontal regeneration, limited progress has been made in translating these findings into clinical practice. This may be due to the lack of appropriate animal models to simulate the tissue defects caused by human periodontitis. This review aims to provide an overview of established animal models for periodontal regeneration, examine their advantages and limitations, and outline the steps for model construction. The objective is to determine the most relevant animal models for periodontal regeneration based on the hypothesis and expected outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yicun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Centre, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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3
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Muallah D, Matschke J, Kappler M, Kroschwald LM, Lauer G, Eckert AW. Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Salivary Gland Regeneration-Where Are We Today? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108664. [PMID: 37240009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is the phenomenon of dry mouth and is mostly caused by hypofunction of the salivary glands. This hypofunction can be caused by tumors, head and neck irradiation, hormonal changes, inflammation or autoimmune disease such as Sjögren's syndrome. It is associated with a tremendous decrease in health-related quality of life due to impairment of articulation, ingestion and oral immune defenses. Current treatment concepts mainly consist of saliva substitutes and parasympathomimetic drugs, but the outcome of these therapies is deficient. Regenerative medicine is a promising approach for the treatment of compromised tissue. For this purpose, stem cells can be utilized due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Dental pulp stem cells are adult stem cells that can be easily harvested from extracted teeth. They can form tissues of all three germ layers and are therefore becoming more and more popular for tissue engineering. Another potential benefit of these cells is their immunomodulatory effect. They suppress proinflammatory pathways of lymphocytes and could therefore probably be used for the treatment of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. These attributes make dental pulp stem cells an interesting tool for the regeneration of salivary glands and the treatment of xerostomia. Nevertheless, clinical studies are still missing. This review will highlight the current strategies for using dental pulp stem cells in the regeneration of salivary gland tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muallah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Matschke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Lysann Michaela Kroschwald
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Lauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Straße 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
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4
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Cubuk S, Oduncuoglu BF, Alaaddinoglu EE. The effect of dental pulp stem cells and L-PRF when placed into the extraction sockets of impacted mandibular third molars on the periodontal status of adjacent second molars: a split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 27:59-68. [PMID: 35141806 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) seeded onto L-PRF and L-PRF alone in the extraction socket of mandibular third molars. METHODS This study analyzed 13 patients who required surgical removal of impacted bilateral mandibular third molars. The main outcome measures were the probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) that were recorded for the adjacent second molars (LM2) at the baseline and 6 months after surgery. The secondary outcomes were radiographic vertical bone loss (VD) and relative bone density (rBD) distal to the LM2. RESULTS Twenty-six LM2s were evaluated. After 6 months, the L-PRF and L-PRF + DPSC groups showed a significant reduction in PPD (1.65 ± 1.01 mm and 1.54 ± 0.78 mm) and CAL (2.23 ± 1.45 mm and 2.12 ± 0.74 mm), respectively. There was no difference between the groups for any periodontal parameters. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the VD or rBD at the sixth month. CONCLUSIONS This study found that there was a significant improvement regarding the PPD, CAL, and VD measurements with the application of L-PRF, both alone and with the addition of DPSC, at the extraction socket. DPSC did not significantly contribute to the results compared to L-PRF therapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered on 23 December 2020 on ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT04641533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Cubuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Baskent University, 82. Sok. No:26, Bahçelievler, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kim J, Kim JY, Bhattarai G, So HS, Kook SH, Lee JC. Periodontal Ligament-Mimetic Fibrous Scaffolds Regulate YAP-Associated Fibroblast Behaviors and Promote Regeneration of Periodontal Defect in Relation to the Scaffold Topography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:599-616. [PMID: 36575925 PMCID: PMC9837821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple regenerative strategies are being developed for periodontal reconstruction, guided periodontal ligament (PDL) regeneration is difficult because of its cellular and fibrous complexities. Here, we manufactured four different types of PDL-mimic fibrous scaffolds on a desired single mat. These scaffolds exhibited a structure of PDL matrix and human PDL fibroblasts (PDLFs) cultured on the scaffolds resembling morphological phenotypes present in native PDLF. The scaffold-seeded PDLF exerted proliferative, osteoblastic, and osteoclastogenic potentials depending on the fiber topographical cues. Fiber surface-regulated behaviors of PDLF were correlated with the expression patterns of yes-associated protein (YAP), CD105, periostin, osteopontin, and vinculin. Transfection with si-RNA confirmed that YAP acted as the master mechanosensing regulator. Of the as-spun scaffolds, aligned or grid-patterned microscale scaffold regulated the YAP-associated behavior of PDLF more effectively than nanomicroscale or random-oriented microscale scaffold. Implantation with hydrogel complex conjugated with microscale-patterned or grid-patterned scaffold, but not other types of scaffolds, recovered the defected PDL with native PDL-mimic cellularization and fiber structure in the reformed PDL. Our results demonstrate that PDL-biomimetic scaffolds regulate topography-related and YAP-mediated behaviors of PDLF in relation to their topographies. Overall, this study may support a clinical approach of the fiber-hydrogel complex in guided PDL regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong
In Kim
- Cluster
for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute
of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department
of Bionanosystem Engineering, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster
for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute
of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Department
of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department
of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster
for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute
of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
- Department
of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
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Radmand F, Baseri M, Farsadbakhsh M, Azimi A, Dizaj SM, Sharifi S. A Novel Perspective on Tissue Engineering Potentials of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e221006-2021-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to completely and predictably regenerate the missing periodontal tissues caused by the trauma or disease. To regenerate the periodontium, there is a need to consider several aspects that co-occur with periodontal development. This study provides an overview of the most up-to-date investigations on the characteristics and immunomodulatory features of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) and the recent interventions performed using these cells, focusing on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Keeping in mind the relationship between age and potency of PDLSCs, this work also demonstrates the necessity of establishing dental-derived stem cell banks for tissue regeneration applications. The data were collected from Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords of periodontal ligament stem cells, tissue engineering, characteristics, and stem cell therapy. The results showed the presence of wide-ranging research reports supporting the usability of PDLSCs for periodontal reconstruction. However, a better understanding of self-restoration for adequate regulation of adult stem cell growth is needed for various applied purposes.
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7
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ma T, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1071472. [PMID: 36532583 PMCID: PMC9755356 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results via PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. Data and sources: An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers. Results: Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture. Conclusoin: This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Huang G, Xia B, Dai Z, Yang R, Chen R, Yang H. Comparative study of DFAT cell and ADSC sheets for periodontal tissue regeneration:
in vivo
and
in vitro
evidence. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1289-1303. [PMID: 35851962 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan P.R. China
| | - Zichao Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Rongqiang Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
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Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:687-701. [PMID: 35429315 PMCID: PMC9294090 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dentin is a permeable tubular composite and complex structure, and in weight, it is composed of 20% organic matrix, 10% water, and 70% hydroxyapatite crystalline matrix. Demineralization of dentin with gradient concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.6 N hydrochloric acid, or 2% nitric acid removes a major part of the crystalline apatite and maintains a majority of collagen type I and non-collagenous proteins, which creates an osteoinductive scaffold containing numerous matrix elements and growth factors. Therefore, demineralized dentin should be considered as an excellent naturally-derived bioactive material to enhance dental and alveolar bone tissues regeneration. Method: The PubMed and Midline databases were searched in October 2021 for the relevant articles on treated dentin matrix (TDM)/demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) and their potential roles in tissue regeneration. Results: Several studies with different study designs evaluating the effect of TDM/DDM on dental and bone tissues regeneration were found. TDM/DDM was obtained from human or animal sources and processed in different forms (particles, liquid extract, hydrogel, and paste) and different shapes (sheets, slices, disc-shaped, root-shaped, and barrier membranes), with variable sizes measured in micrometers or millimeters, demineralized with different protocols regarding the concentration of demineralizing agents and exposure time, and then sterilized and preserved with different techniques. In the act of biomimetic acellular material, TDM/DDM was used for the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex through direct pulp capping technique, and it was found to possess the ability to activate the odontogenic differentiation of stem cells resident in the pulp tissues and induce reparative dentin formation. TDM/DDM was also considered for alveolar ridge and maxillary sinus floor augmentations, socket preservation, furcation perforation repair, guided bone, and bioroot regenerations as well as bone and cartilage healing. Conclusion: To our knowledge, there are no standard procedures to adopt a specific form for a specific purpose; therefore, future studies are required to come up with a well-characterized TDM/DDM for each specific application. Likely as decellularized dermal matrix and prospectively, if the TDM/DDM is supplied in proper consistency, forms, and in different sizes with good biological properties, it can be used efficiently instead of some widely-used regenerative biomaterials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13770-022-00438-4.
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Bousnaki M, Beketova A, Kontonasaki E. A Review of In Vivo and Clinical Studies Applying Scaffolds and Cell Sheet Technology for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:435. [PMID: 35327627 PMCID: PMC8945901 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different approaches to develop engineered scaffolds for periodontal tissues regeneration have been proposed. In this review, innovations in stem cell technology and scaffolds engineering focused primarily on Periodontal Ligament (PDL) regeneration are discussed and analyzed based on results from pre-clinical in vivo studies and clinical trials. Most of those developments include the use of polymeric materials with different patterning and surface nanotopography and printing of complex and sophisticated multiphasic composite scaffolds with different compartments to accomodate for the different periodontal tissues' architecture. Despite the increased effort in producing these scaffolds and their undoubtable efficiency to guide and support tissue regeneration, appropriate source of cells is also needed to provide new tissue formation and various biological and mechanochemical cues from the Extraccellular Matrix (ECM) to provide biophysical stimuli for cell growth and differentiation. Cell sheet engineering is a novel promising technique that allows obtaining cells in a sheet format while preserving ECM components. The right combination of those factors has not been discovered yet and efforts are still needed to ameliorate regenerative outcomes towards the functional organisation of the developed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (A.B.)
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11
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Xiong Y, Shen T, Xie X. Effects of different methods of demineralized dentin matrix preservation on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1135-1143. [PMID: 35784122 PMCID: PMC9236943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) is used as a tissue regeneration scaffold. Effective preservation of DDM benefits clinical applications. Cryopreservation and freeze-drying may be effective methods to retain DDM mechanical properties and biological activity. Materials and methods Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) isolated using enzymatic dissociation were identified by multidirectional differentiation and flow cytometry. DDM was prepared with EDTA and divided into four groups: fresh DDM (fDDM), room temperature-preserved DDM (rtDDM), cryopreserved DDM (cDDM) and freeze-dried DDM (fdDDM). The DDM surface morphology was observed, and microhardness was detected. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and collagen-Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ) concentrations in DDM liquid extracts were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hPDLSCs were cultured with DDM liquid extracts. The effect of DDM on cells proliferation was examined by CCK-8 assay. The effect of DDM on hPDLSC secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1), periostin (POSTN) and COL-Ⅰ gene expression was examined by real-time qPCR. Results cDDM dentinal tubules were larger than those of the other groups. The three storage conditions had no significant effect on DDM microhardness and COL-Ⅰ concentration. However, TGF-β1 and FGF concentrations decreased after storage, with the greatest change in rtDDM, followed by fdDDM and cDDM. The liquid extracts of fDDM, cDDM and fdDDM slightly inhibited hPDLSCs proliferation, but those of rtDDM had no significant effect. The hPDLSCs cultured with fDDM, cDDM and fdDDM liquid extracts showed increased SPP1, POSTN and COL-Ⅰ gene expression. Conclusion Cryopreservation and freeze-drying better maintain the mechanical properties and biological activity of DDM.
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12
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Chen Y, Huang H, Li G, Yu J, Fang F, Qiu W. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets: a prospective tissue engineering for regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 35093155 PMCID: PMC8800229 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells transplantation is the main method of tissue engineering regeneration treatment, the viability and therapeutic efficiency are limited. Scaffold materials also play an important role in tissue engineering, whereas there are still many limitations, such as rejection and toxic side effects caused by scaffold materials. Cell sheet engineering is a scaffold-free tissue technology, which avoids the side effects of traditional scaffolds and maximizes the function of stem cells. It is increasingly being used in the field of tissue regenerative medicine. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are multipotent cells that exist in various dental tissues and can be used in stem cell-based therapy, which is impactful in regenerative medicine. Emerging evidences show that cell sheets derived from DMSCs have better effects in the field of regenerative medicine applications. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main component of cell sheets, which is a dynamic repository of signalling biological molecules and has a variety of biological functions and may play an important role in the application of cell sheets. In this review, we summarized the application status, mechanisms that sheets and ECM may play and future prospect of DMSC sheets on regeneration medicine.
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13
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Li Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Pei D, Li A. Deciphering the Epigenetic Code of Stem Cells Derived From Dental Tissues. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.807046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental tissues (DSCs) exhibit multipotent regenerative potential in pioneering tissue engineering regimens. The multipotency of DSCs is critically regulated by an intricate range of factors, of which the epigenetic influence is considered vital. To gain a better understanding of how epigenetic alterations are involved in the DSC fate determination, the present review overviews the current knowledge relating to DSC epigenetic modifications, paying special attention to the landscape of epigenetic modifying agents as well as the related signaling pathways in DSC regulation. In addition, insights into the future opportunities of epigenetic targeted therapies mediated by DSCs are discussed to hold promise for the novel therapeutic interventions in future translational medicine.
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14
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Cao L, Su H, Si M, Xu J, Chang X, Lv J, Zhai Y. Tissue Engineering in Stomatology: A Review of Potential Approaches for Oral Disease Treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:662418. [PMID: 34820359 PMCID: PMC8606749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.662418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging discipline that combines engineering and life sciences. It can construct functional biological structures in vivo or in vitro to replace native tissues or organs and minimize serious shortages of donor organs during tissue and organ reconstruction or transplantation. Organ transplantation has achieved success by using the tissue-engineered heart, liver, kidney, and other artificial organs, and the emergence of tissue-engineered bone also provides a new approach for the healing of human bone defects. In recent years, tissue engineering technology has gradually become an important technical method for dentistry research, and its application in stomatology-related research has also obtained impressive achievements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research advances of tissue engineering and its application in stomatology. These aspects include tooth, periodontal, dental implant, cleft palate, oral and maxillofacial skin or mucosa, and oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering. In addition, this article also summarizes the commonly used cells, scaffolds, and growth factors in stomatology and discusses the limitations of tissue engineering in stomatology from the perspective of cells, scaffolds, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Cao
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiying Su
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Chang
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuankun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Kaifeng, China
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15
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Pietruszka P, Chruścicka I, Duś-Ilnicka I, Paradowska-Stolarz A. PRP and PRF-Subgroups and Divisions When Used in Dentistry. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100944. [PMID: 34683085 PMCID: PMC8540475 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood derivates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are autogenous sources of many growth factors that are involved in the healing and regeneration of tissues, and for this reason, are used in dentistry treatments. This fact also contributes to the growing interest in these biomaterials in regenerative personalized medicine. The multitude of platelet-rich forms creates many possibilities for their use. This semi-systematic review describes and compares the methods of obtaining properties and potential uses of these materials in personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pietruszka
- Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 52-425 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Izabela Chruścicka
- Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 52-425 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Irena Duś-Ilnicka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 52-425 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71784-0140; Fax: +48-71784-0380
| | - Anna Paradowska-Stolarz
- Department of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orhopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 52-524 Wrocław, Poland;
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16
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Barazesh A, Navidbakhsh M, Abouei Mehrizi A, Koosha M, Razavi Bazaz S, Li T. Simultaneous Modeling of Young's Modulus, Yield Stress, and Rupture Strain of Gelatin/Cellulose Acetate Microfibrous/Nanofibrous Scaffolds Using RSM. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:718718. [PMID: 34589472 PMCID: PMC8473815 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.718718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a promising method to fabricate bioengineered scaffolds, thanks to utilizing various types of biopolymers, flexible structures, and also the diversity of output properties. Mechanical properties are one of the major components of scaffold design to fabricate an efficacious artificial substitute for the natural extracellular matrix. Additionally, fiber orientations, as one of the scaffold structural parameters, could play a crucial role in the application of fabricated fibrous scaffolds. In this study, gelatin was used as a highly biocompatible polymer in blend with cellulose acetate (CA), a polysaccharide, to enhance the achievable range of mechanical characteristics to fabricated fibrous electrospun scaffolds. By altering input variables, such as polymers concentration, weight ratio, and mandrel rotation speed, scaffolds with various mechanical and morphological properties could be achieved. As expected, the electrospun scaffold with a higher mandrel rotation speed shows higher fiber alignment. A wide range of mechanical properties were gained through different values of polymer ratio and total concentration. A general improvement in mechanical strength was observed by increasing the concentration and CA content in the solution, but contradictory effects, such as high viscosity in more concentrated solutions, influenced the mechanical characteristics as well. A response surface method was applied on experimental results in order to describe a continuous variation of Young's modulus, yield stress, and strain at rupture. A full quadratic version of equations with the 95% confidence level was applied for the response modeling. This model would be an aid for engineers to adjust mandrel rotation speed, solution concentration, and gelatin/CA ratio to achieve desired mechanical and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Barazesh
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Navidbakhsh
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abouei Mehrizi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Koosha
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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17
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Maxillofacial-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characteristics and Progress in Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5516521. [PMID: 34426741 PMCID: PMC8379387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MFSCs) are a particular collective type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that originate from the hard and soft tissue of the maxillofacial region. Recently, many types of MFSCs have been isolated and characterized. MFSCs have the common characteristics of being extremely accessible and amazingly multipotent and thus have become a promising stem cell resource in tissue regeneration. However, different MFSCs can give rise to different cell lineages, have different advantages in clinical use, and regulate the immune and inflammation microenvironment through paracrine mechanisms in different ways. Hence, in this review, we will concentrate on the updated new findings of all types of MFSCs in tissue regeneration and also introduce the recently discovered types of MFSCs. Important issues about proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, up-to-date clinical application, and paracrine effect of MFSCs in tissue regeneration will also be discussed. Our review may provide a better guide for the clinical use of MFSCs and further direction of research in MFSC regeneration medicine.
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18
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Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105236. [PMID: 34063438 PMCID: PMC8156243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, tissue engineering has become one of the most studied medical fields. Even if bone shows self-remodeling properties, in some cases, due to injuries or anomalies, bone regeneration can be required. In particular, oral bone regeneration is needed in the dentistry field, where the functional restoration of tissues near the tooth represents a limit for many dental implants. In this context, the application of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appears promising for bone regeneration. This review focused on in vivo studies that evaluated bone regeneration using biomaterials with MSCs. Different biocompatible biomaterials were enriched with MSCs from different sources. These constructs showed an enhanced bone regenerative power in in vivo models. However, we discussed also a future perspective in tissue engineering using the MSC secretome, namely the conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles. This new approach has already shown promising results for bone tissue regeneration in experimental models.
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19
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Olaru M, Sachelarie L, Calin G. Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration-Approaches and Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102558. [PMID: 34069265 PMCID: PMC8156070 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Olaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
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20
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Evaluation of PRF Efficiency in the Treatment of Infrabony Defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:79-86. [PMID: 32573474 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PRF in the treatment of infrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis by evaluating the clinical outcome through periodontal depth, clinical attachment level at the baseline, 6 and 9 months post operatively. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty infrabony defects with probing depth ≥ 5 mm were treated. The inclusion criterion was the necessity for surgical bilateral maxillary treatment. By using split-mouth study design, each patient had one side treated with conventional flap surgery and the other side with conventional flap surgery and PRF. Clinical parameters, such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment lost (CAL), were recorded in both groups at baseline, 6 and 9 months post operatively. RESULTS Positive effects for all clinical and radiographic parameters were evident in the group with PRF. Mean PD reduction demonstrated statistically significant greater results in the test group (4.00±1.07 mm) compared to the control one (4.83±0.99 mm), p = 0.003 after 9 months postoperatively. After 9 months, there were better results in the test group compared to the control group for CAL (5.60±1.61 mm, 6.20±1.58 mm), but statistically not significant. CONCLUSION Additional use of PRF in the conventional surgical treatment of infrabony defects demonstrated better parameters than the open flap debridement alone.
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21
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Ding ZY, Tan Y, Peng Q, Zuo J, Li N. Novel applications of platelet concentrates in tissue regeneration (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 33603835 PMCID: PMC7851614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the suitability of biocompatible materials in regenerative medicine. Platelet concentrates are derived from centrifuged blood and are named according to their biological characteristics, such as platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. Platelet concentrates have gained considerable attention in soft and hard tissue engineering. Indeed, multiple components of autologous platelet concentrates, such as growth factors, fibrin matrix and platelets, serve essential roles in wound healing. Current studies are focused on cutting-edge strategies to meet the requirements for tissue restoration by improving the properties of autologous platelet concentrates. In the present review, applications of platelet concentrates for tissue engineering are discussed, presenting a selection of recent advances and novel protocols. In addition, several aspects of these strategies, such as the advantages of lyophilized platelet concentrates and the combination of platelet concentrates with biomaterials, stem cells or drugs are discussed. The present review aims to summarize novel strategies using platelet concentrates to improve the outcomes of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Ding
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zuo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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22
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Iwasaki K, Akazawa K, Nagata M, Komaki M, Peng Y, Umeda M, Watabe T, Morita I. Angiogenic Effects of Secreted Factors from Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9010009. [PMID: 33467531 PMCID: PMC7829795 DOI: 10.3390/dj9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of tooth-supporting tissues, and the destruction of these tissues results in tooth loss. Regeneration of periodontal tissues is the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment. We previously reported that transplantation of conditioned medium (CM) of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) demonstrated the enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration, compared to CM from fibroblasts (Fibroblast-CM). We hypothesized that the angiogenic effects of PDLSC-CM might participate in the enhanced wound healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PDLSC-CM on the functions of endothelial cells. PDLSCs were cultured from periodontal ligament tissues obtained from healthy volunteers. Human gingival epithelial cells, dermal fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were purchased from commercial sources. The functions of endothelial cells were examined using immunostaining of Ki67, observation of nuclear fragmentation and condensation (apoptosis), and network formation on Matrigel. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) level was measured using an ELISA kit. HUVECs demonstrated higher cell viability in PDLSC-CM when compared with those in Fibroblast-CM. HUVECs demonstrated a higher number of Ki67-positive cells and lower apoptosis cells in PDLSC-CM, compared to Fibroblast-CM. Additionally, HUVECs formed more capillary-like structures in PDLSC-CM than Fibroblast-CM. PDLSC-CM contained higher levels of angiogenic growth factor, VEGF, than Fibroblast-CM. Our results showed that PDLSC-CM increased cell viability, proliferation, and capillary formation of HUVECs compared to Fibroblast-CM, suggesting the angiogenic effects of PDLSC-CM, and the effect is a potential regenerative mechanism of periodontal tissues by PDLSC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwasaki
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
- Department of Nanomedicine (DNP), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (K.A.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3125
| | - Keiko Akazawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (K.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (K.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Nanomedicine (DNP), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
- Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa, Yokohama 221-0835, Japan
| | - Yihao Peng
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Ikuo Morita
- Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan;
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Mlachkova A, Dosseva-Panova V, Popova C. Application of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in surgical periodontal therapy: overview. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1878932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Mlachkova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velitchka Dosseva-Panova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Popova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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24
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Liang W, Chen X, Dong Y, Zhou P, Xu F. Recent advances in biomaterials as instructive scaffolds for stem cells in tissue repair and regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1848832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
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25
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Bahammam MA, Attia MS. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Using Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) in Treatment of Periodontal Intra-Bony Defects - A Randomized Controlled Trial. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:870-878. [PMID: 33424378 PMCID: PMC7783819 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to assess the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) biomaterial, while using it separately or in combination with nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) for treating intra-bony defects (IBDs) using radiographic evaluation (DBS-Win software). Sixty patients with IBD (one site/patient) and chronic periodontitis were recruited randomly to test either autologous PRF platelet concentrate, nano-HA bone graft, a combination of PRF platelet concentrate and nano-HA, or alone conventional open flap debridement (OFD). Recordings of clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained at baseline and 6 months, post-operatively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare four groups; whereas, multiple comparisons were done through Tukey’s post hoc test. The results showed that CAL at baseline changed from 6.67 ± 1.23 to 4.5 ± 1.42 in group I, 6.6 ± 2.51 to 4.9 ± 1.48 in group II, 5.2 ± 2.17 to 3.1 ± 1.27 in group III, and 4.7 ± 2.22 to 3.7 ± 2.35 in group IV after 6 months. The most significant increase in bone density and fill was observed for IBD depth in group III that was recorded as 62.82 ± 24.6 and 2.31 ± 0.75 mm, respectively. VEGF concentrations were significantly increased at 3, 7, and 14 days in all groups. The use of PRF with nano-HA was successful regenerative periodontal therapy to manage periodontal IBDs, unlike using PRF alone. Increase in VEGF concentrations in all group confirmed its role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the early stages of bone defect healing.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance
- CAL, Clinical attachment level
- CaP, Calcium phosphate
- DFDBA, Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GCF, Gingival Clavicular Fluid
- GI, Gingival Index
- IBD, Intra-Bony Defect
- Intra-Bony Defects
- Nano-HA, Nanohydroxyapatite
- Nanohydroxyapatite
- OFD, Open flap debridement
- PD, Probing depth
- PPP, Platelet‑poor plasma
- PRF, Platelet rich fibrin
- PRP, Platelet rich plasma
- Periodontal Regeneration
- Periodontitis
- Platelet-Rich Fibrin
- Rpm, Revolutions per minute
- SD, Standard Deviation
- SPSS 20®, Statistical Package for Social Science
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Bahammam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai S Attia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Oral Diagnosis; Faculty of Dentistry; Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Li H, Zhou J, Zhu M, Ying S, Li L, Chen D, Li J, Song J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the formation of periodontal ligament stem cell sheets and ectopic periodontal tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1101-1112. [PMID: 32964617 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) sheets play an important role in periodontal tissue engineering. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported as an effective stimulus to regulate cell biological behavior. The present study aims to explore the potential of LIPUS to promote the formation and function of hPDLSC sheets (hPDLSCSs). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, western blot, real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alizarin red staining were used to evaluate the formation and osteogenic effect of LIPUS on hPDLSCSs in vitro. Hydroxyapatite with or without hPDLSCSs was transplanted in the subcutaneous pockets on the back of nude mice and histological analysis was performed. H&E staining showed increased synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) and real-time PCR detected a significant increase in ECM-related genes after LIPUS treatment. In addition, LIPUS could promote the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins. ALP and alizarin red staining also found LIPUS enhanced the osteogenesis of hPDLSCSs. After transplantation in vivo, more dense collagen fibers similar to periodontal ligament were regenerated. Collectively, these results indicate that LIPUS not only promotes the formation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCSs but also is a potential treatment strategy for periodontal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Ying
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Duanjing Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Tensile strength, growth factor content and proliferation activities for two platelet concentrates of platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. J Dent Sci 2020; 15:141-146. [PMID: 32595893 PMCID: PMC7305442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can be obtained by centrifuging fresh blood in the absence of anticoagulants. Varying the centrifugation speeds may produce tougher and richer concentrated growth factors (CGF). This study examines tensile strength, growth factor content, and the potential of CGF and PRF in promoting periodontal cell proliferation. Materials and methods Blood (40 mL/subject) was collected from 44 healthy subjects. PRF and CGF were prepared by centrifuging at 3000 rpm and switching speeds ranging within 3000 rpm, respectively. Fibrin strip was prepared and its tensile strength was measured. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the residual serum and fibrin clots were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their effects on the proliferation of hFOB1.19 osteoblasts and human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Results Compared with PRF, tensile strength of CGF was significantly higher. Concentrations and amounts of PDGF-BB and EGF in CGF were significantly higher than those in PRF. Osteoblast number was significantly higher in the cultures with fetal bovine serum (FBS, 10%) and with PRF or CGF fibrin clots (5%, 10%, and 50%) compared to that without FBS. Moreover, osteoblast number in CGF, regardless of the preparation of 10% and 50%, was significantly greater than that in PRF. Similar findings were also observed for gingival fibroblasts among the various subjects. Conclusion Varying centrifugation speeds can modify the tensile strength and biological activities of platelet fibrin clots.
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Donnaloja F, Jacchetti E, Soncini M, Raimondi MT. Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E905. [PMID: 32295115 PMCID: PMC7240703 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is the structural component of the body, which allows locomotion, protects vital internal organs, and provides the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. Several bone-related pathologies generate critical-size bone defects that our organism is not able to heal spontaneously and require a therapeutic action. Conventional therapies span from pharmacological to interventional methodologies, all of them characterized by several drawbacks. To circumvent these effects, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are innovative and promising approaches that exploit the capability of bone progenitors, especially mesenchymal stem cells, to differentiate into functional bone cells. So far, several materials have been tested in order to guarantee the specific requirements for bone tissue regeneration, ranging from the material biocompatibility to the ideal 3D bone-like architectural structure. In this review, we analyse the state-of-the-art of the most widespread polymeric scaffold materials and their application in in vitro and in vivo models, in order to evaluate their usability in the field of bone tissue engineering. Here, we will present several adopted strategies in scaffold production, from the different combination of materials, to chemical factor inclusion, embedding of cells, and manufacturing technology improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Donnaloja
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.J.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.J.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Monica Soncini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Manuela T. Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.J.); (M.T.R.)
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Müller DD, Bissinger R, Reymus M, Bücher K, Hickel R, Kühnisch J. Survival and complication analyses of avulsed and replanted permanent teeth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2841. [PMID: 32071357 PMCID: PMC7028940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective clinical study investigated the survival probability of avulsed and replanted permanent teeth in relation to functional healing, replacement and inflammatory resorption. The explorative data analysis included data from 36 patients and 49 replanted permanent teeth with a minimum observation time of 60 days; the patients were generally treated according to the current guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology at the university hospital in Munich, Germany, between 2004 and 2017. The mean observation period was 3.5 years. Functional healing was observed in 26.5% (N = 13/49) of the included avulsion cases. In comparison, replacement resorption affected 51.0% (N = 25/49) of the replanted teeth, of which 24.0% (N = 6/25) were lost over the course of years (mean, 6.1 years). In contrast, inflammatory resorption resulted in the early loss of all replanted teeth (mean, 1.7 years) and affected 22.5% (N = 11/49) of all the monitored teeth. Therefore, it can be concluded that tooth avulsion remains a severe dental injury with an unpredictable prognosis. This topic demands further fundamental research aiming to maintain and/or regenerate the periodontal ligament after tooth avulsion, particularly in association with non-physiological tooth rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David Müller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ricarda Bissinger
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Reymus
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bücher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kühnisch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Munich, Germany.
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Jin S, Yang C, Huang J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang L, Sun Q, Yang P. Conditioned medium derived from FGF-2-modified GMSCs enhances migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:68. [PMID: 32070425 PMCID: PMC7029497 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays an important role in tissue repair and regeneration, and conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) possesses pro-angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the profile and concentration of growth factors in MSC-CM remain to be optimized. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been proven to be an effective angiogenic factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify whether FGF-2 gene overexpression optimized CM from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and whether such optimized CM possessed more favorable pro-angiogenesis effect. METHODS First, FGF-2 gene-modified hGMSCs were constructed using lentiviral transfection technology (LV-FGF-2+-hGMSCs) and the concentration of angiogenesis-related factors in LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM was determined by ELISA. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured for 3 days with LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM, and the expression level of placenta growth factor (PLGF), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in HUVECs were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and cellular immunofluorescence techniques. The migration assay using transwell and in vitro tube formation experiments on matrigel matrix was conducted to determine the chemotaxis and angiogenesis enhanced by LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM. Finally, NOD-SCID mice were injected with matrigel mixed LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM, and the plug sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-human CD31 antibody. RESULTS LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM contained significantly more FGF-2, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) than hGMSC-CM. HUVECs pretreated with LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM expressed significantly more PLGF, SCF, and VEGFR2 at gene and protein level than hGMSC-CM pretreated HUVECs. Compared with hGMSC-CM, LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM presented significantly stronger chemotaxis to HUVECs and significantly strengthened HUVECs mediated in vitro tube formation ability. In vivo, LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM also possessed stronger promoting angiogenesis ability than hGMSC-CM. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of FGF-2 gene promotes hGMSCs paracrine of angiogenesis-related growth factors, thereby obtaining an optimized conditioned medium for angiogenesis promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lianlian Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Autologous platelet-rich fibrin stimulates canine periodontal regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1850. [PMID: 32024893 PMCID: PMC7002419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) provides a scaffold for cell migration and growth factors for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, we report using PRF in periodontal healing after open flap debridement (OFD) in canine periodontitis. A split-mouth design was performed in twenty dogs. Forty periodontitis surgical sites were randomly categorized into 2 groups; OFD alone and OFD with PRF treatment. Clinical parameters of periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, and the cemento-enamel junction-alveolar bone levels/root length ratio were improved in the OFD + PRF group. The OFD + PRF group also demonstrated a dramatically decreased inflammatory score compared with the OFD group. Collagen accumulation was improved in the OFD + PRF group at later time points compared with baseline. PRF application also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFA and IL1B), and promoted the expression of collagen production-related genes (COL1A1, COL3A1, and TIMP1) and growth factors (PDGFB, TGFB1, and VEGFA). These findings suggest that PRF combined with OFD provides a new strategy to enhance the overall improvement of canine periodontitis treatment outcomes, especially in terms of inflammation and soft tissue healing. Therefore, PRF use in treating periodontitis could play an important role as a regenerative material to improve canine periodontitis treatment.
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Shi L, Tee BC, Cotter L, Sun Z. Enhance Mandibular Symphyseal Surface Bone Growth with Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets: An Animal Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:191-200. [PMID: 31701201 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The size and shape of the chin strongly influence facial profile and harmony. The current correction of chin deficiency mostly relies on genioplasty surgery involving osteotomy. To avoid osteotomy, one possible alternative is to enhance bone growth at the mental protuberance area with cell sheet transplantation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of this approach in a pig model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five 4-month-old pigs were included for mandibular bone marrow aspiration and MSC isolation. Triple-layer MSC sheets were then fabricated and utilized using culture-expanded MSCs. Four weeks after bone marrow aspiration, subperiosteal pockets were created on the labial symphyseal surface, followed by transplantation of autogenous MSC sheets to one randomly chosen side with the other side (control) receiving no transplantation. Six weeks after the surgery, the pigs were euthanized and the specimens from both sides were collected for computed tomography (CT) and histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Measurements between the experimental and control sides were compared using paired t tests. RESULTS MSC sheet fabrication and transplantation were reliably conducted. The labial cortical bone thickness increased significantly with MSC sheet transplantation by an average of 2 mm (p = 0.0001). The average measurements of mineral apposition rate and cell proliferation at the cell sheet side tended to be higher than the control side although the differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.1-0.2). Tissue mineral density measurements from CT images and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) measurements from histologic images were identical between the two sides (p > 0.5). CONCLUSION These data provide a proof of concept that autologous MSC sheets may be transplanted to the subperiosteal region of the mandibular symphysis to stimulate local surface bone growth. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Assessment of platelet-rich fibrin in the maintenance and recovery of cell viability of the periodontal ligament. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19476. [PMID: 31863001 PMCID: PMC6925300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in maintaining and recovering cell viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL). The PDL cells were isolated from 45 extracted teeth randomly distributed among 6 groups: 5 min, 1 h, 2 h, PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and PRF 2 h. In the groups 5 min, 1 h and 2 h (n = 5), the teeth were kept dry in extra-alveolar times of 5 min, 1 h and 2 h respectively. The teeth of the groups PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and PRF 2 h (n = 10) were kept dry at extra-alveolar times of 30 min, 1 and 2 h followed by immersion in PRF for 45 min. PDL cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with type II collagenase and dispase, counted and analyzed for viability with Trypan blue vital dye in Neubauer chamber. The variables total number of cells and cell viability demonstrated that in the 5 min, 1 h and 2 h groups there was a decrease after the extra-alveolar dry times of 1 and 2 h. In comparison with the total number of cells, group 1 h, considered immediate reimplantation, did not present statistical difference when compared to the groups PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and 2 h, a result that demonstrates that PRF assists in cell maintenance and recovery. PRF provided increased cell viability in relation to the different dry extra-alveolar times analyzed (p < 0.001). Autologous PRF presented effectiveness in maintaining and recovering PDL cells from extracted teeth and kept dry for up to 2 h.
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Nasirzade J, Kargarpour Z, Hasannia S, Strauss FJ, Gruber R. Platelet-rich fibrin elicits an anti-inflammatory response in macrophages in vitro. J Periodontol 2019; 91:244-252. [PMID: 31376159 PMCID: PMC7065136 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) serves as a reservoir of bioactive molecules to support wound healing and bone regeneration. The beneficial action of PRF might involve macrophage polarization from proinflammatory M1 toward pro‐resolving M2 phenotypes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PRF on macrophage polarization. Methods Murine primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to saliva and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with and without PRF lysates obtained by repeated freeze‐thawing or the secretome of PRF membranes, termed PRF conditioned medium. The expression of the M1 marker genes interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 6 (IL6) along with the M2 markers arginase‐1 and chitinase‐like 3 (Chil3 or YM1) were evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction. Immunoassay and immunofluorescence staining were performed for IL6 and p65 translocation, a subunit nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐kB), respectively. Results We report here that PRF lysates and PRF conditioned medium, the latter containing the secretome, greatly decreased the proinflammatory response of primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells as indicated by the expression of IL1β and IL6. The anti‐inflammatory activity of PRF lysates was further confirmed by IL6 immunoassay. Moreover, PRF lysates suppressed the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus after incubation with saliva. In support of M2 polarization, PRF lysates and PRF conditioned medium enhanced the expression of arginase‐1 and YM1 in primary macrophages. Conclusion Our results indicate that PRF holds an anti‐inflammatory activity and shifts the macrophage polarization from an M1 toward an M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila Nasirzade
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kargarpour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Franz Josef Strauss
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Duan X, Lin Z, Lin X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Ji M, Lu W, Wang X, Zhang D. Study of platelet-rich fibrin combined with rat periodontal ligament stem cells in periodontal tissue regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 22:1047-1055. [PMID: 29368432 PMCID: PMC5783838 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the advantages and feasibility of periodontal tissue regeneration using platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) combined with rat periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) for the first time. We first determined the effect of PRF on rat PDLSCs in vitro. We next conducted an in vivo study, in which a tissue engineering technique was performed to repair periodontal defects in five groups: a blank group, collagen group (implanted collagen membrane), collagen + cells group (implanted collagen membrane and rat PDLSCs), PRF group (implanted PRF membrane) and PRF + cells group (implanted PRF membrane and rat PDLSCs). PRF greatly enhanced cell proliferation, mRNA and protein expression levels of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in vitro. Transplantation of PRF combined with rat PDLSCs resulted in higher expression of osteopontin (Opn), collagen I (COL1A) and RUNX2 at both 12 and 24 days after surgery. Micro‐computed tomography and histological analysis showed substantially more new bone formation in the PRF + cells group at 24 days after surgery. Based on these results, we discuss the role of PRF in the proliferation and differentiation of rat PDLSCs and suggest that PRF combined with rat PDLSCs provides a valuable tool for periodontal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Duan
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiujuan Lin
- School of Stomatology, Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Mesenchymal stem cell sheets: a new cell-based strategy for bone repair and regeneration. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:305-318. [PMID: 30680496 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a class of adult stem cells, are considered a promising source for bone regeneration. Although combining MSCs with biomaterial scaffolds offers an interesting clinical strategy for bone tissue engineering, the presence of the scaffolds could induce an undesirable effect on cell-cell interactions. Moreover, before the application of scaffold materials in bone tissue reconstruction, cells must be manipulated with proteolytic enzymes, such as trypsin or dispase that degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and cell surface proteins, which can result in the cell damage and loss of cellular activity. Therefore, the development of alternative strategies for bone regeneration is required to solve these problems. Recently, a novel tissue engineering technology named 'cell sheet' has been efficaciously utilized in the regeneration of bone, corneal, cardiac, tracheal and periodontal ligament-like tissues. The cell sheet is a layer of cells, which contains intact ECM and cell surface proteins such as growth factor receptors, ion channels and cell-to-cell junction proteins. MSC sheets can be easily fabricated by layering the recovered cell sheets without any scaffolds or complicated manipulation. This review summarizes the current state of the literature regarding the use of MSCs to produce cell sheets and assesses their applicability in bone tissue regeneration and repair.
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Buduru SD, Gulei D, Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Cenariu D, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Potential of Different Origin Stem Cells in Modulating Oral Bone Regeneration Processes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010029. [PMID: 30625993 PMCID: PMC6356555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has gained much momentum since the implementation of stem cell isolation and manipulation for regenerative purposes. Despite significant technical improvements, researchers still have to decide which strategy (which type of stem cell) is the most suitable for their specific purpose. Therefore, this short review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main categories of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in the context of bone regeneration for dentistry-associated conditions. Importantly, when deciding upon the right strategy, the selection needs to be made in concordance with the morbidity and the life-threatening level of the condition in discussion. Therefore, even when a specific type of stem cell holds several advantages over others, their availability, invasiveness of the collection method and ethical standards become deciding parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaranda Dana Buduru
- Prosthetics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Stomestet Stomatology Clinic, Calea Manastur 68A Street, 400658 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; .
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Cenariu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34-36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontal Ligament Tissue. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5450768. [PMID: 30224921 PMCID: PMC6129323 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5450768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of somatic stem cells that exert a potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal; therefore, they are considered as a highly promising stem cell population for tissue engineering. MSCs are identified in various adult organs including dental tissues. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly specialized connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root. PDL also contains MSC population, and many researchers have isolated them and performed their detailed characterization. Here, we review the current understanding of the features and functions of MSC population in PDL tissues and discuss their possibility for the application of PDL regeneration.
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Tavakoli J, Khosroshahi ME. Surface morphology characterization of laser-induced titanium implants: lesson to enhance osseointegration process. Biomed Eng Lett 2018; 8:249-257. [PMID: 30603208 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-018-0063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface properties of implant are responsible to provide mechanical stability by creating an intimate bond between the bone and implant; hence, play a major role on osseointegration process. The current study was aimed to measure surface characteristics of titanium modified by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The results of this study revealed an optimum density of laser energy (140 Jcm-2), at which improvement of osteointegration process was seen. Significant differences were found between arithmetical mean height (Ra), root mean square deviation (Rq) and texture orientation, all were lower for 140 Jcm-2 samples compared to untreated one. Also it was identified that the surface segments were more uniformly distributed with a more Gaussian distribution for treated samples at 140 Jcm-2. The distribution of texture orientation at high laser density (250 and 300 Jcm-2) were approximately similar to untreated sample. The skewness index that indicates how peaks and valleys are distributed throughout the surface showed a positive value for laser treated samples, compared to untreated one. The surface characterization revealed that Kurtosis index, which tells us how high or flat the surface profile is, for treated sample at 140 Jcm-2 was marginally close to 3 indicating flat peaks and valleys in the surface profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Tavakoli
- 1Biomechanics and Implants Research Group, The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| | - Mohammad E Khosroshahi
- 2Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- MIS-Electronics, Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Research Lab, Richmond Hill, ON L4B 1B4 Canada
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Heher P, Mühleder S, Mittermayr R, Redl H, Slezak P. Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:134-147. [PMID: 29247766 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, is the end product of the physiological blood coagulation cascade and naturally involved in wound healing. Beyond its role in hemostasis, it acts as a local reservoir for growth factors and as a provisional matrix for invading cells that drive the regenerative process. Its unique intrinsic features do not only promote wound healing directly via modulation of cell behavior but it can also be fine-tuned to evolve into a delivery system for sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules, cells and gene vectors. To further augment tissue regeneration potential, current strategies exploit and modify the chemical and physical characteristics of fibrin to employ combined incorporation of several factors and their timed release. In this work we show advanced therapeutic approaches employing fibrin matrices in wound healing and cover the many possibilities fibrin offers to the field of regenerative medicine.
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Liu AQ, Hu CH, Jin F, Zhang LS, Xuan K. Contributions of Bioactive Molecules in Stem Cell-Based Periodontal Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041016. [PMID: 29597317 PMCID: PMC5979460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a widespread disease, which without proper treatment, may lead to tooth loss in adults. Because stem cells from the inflammatory microenvironment created by periodontal disease exhibit impaired regeneration potential even under favorable conditions, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory therapeutic outcomes using traditional treatments, which only focus on the control of inflammation. Therefore, a new stem cell-based therapy known as cell aggregates/cell sheets technology has emerged. This approach provides sufficient numbers of stem cells with high viability for treating the defective site and offers new hope in the field of periodontal regeneration. However, it is not sufficient for regenerating periodontal tissues by delivering cell aggregates/cell sheets to the impaired microenvironment in order to suppress the function of resident cells. In the present review, we summarize some promising bioactive molecules that act as cellular signals, which recreate a favorable microenvironment for tissue regeneration, recruit endogenous cells into the defective site and enhance the viability of exogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Fang Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Li-Shu Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Wu M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Dong F. Mineralization Induction of Gingival Fibroblasts and Construction of a Sandwich Tissue-Engineered Complex for Repairing Periodontal Defects. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1112-1123. [PMID: 29470454 PMCID: PMC5830924 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal healing technique for periodontal tissue defects would involve the functional regeneration of the alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament, with new periodontal attachment formation. In this study, gingival fibroblasts were induced and a "sandwich" tissue-engineered complex (a tissue-engineered periodontal membrane between 2 tissue-engineered mineralized membranes) was constructed to repair periodontal defects. We evaluated the effects of gingival fibroblasts used as seed cells on the repair of periodontal defects and periodontal regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primitively cultured gingival fibroblasts were seeded bilaterally on Bio-Gide collagen membrane (a tissue-engineered periodontal membrane) or unilaterally on small intestinal submucosa segments, and their mineralization was induced. A tissue-engineered sandwich was constructed, comprising the tissue-engineered periodontal membrane flanked by 2 mineralized membranes. Periodontal defects in premolar regions of Beagles were repaired using the tissue-engineered sandwich or periodontal membranes. Periodontal reconstruction was compared to normal and trauma controls 10 or 20 days postoperatively. RESULTS Periodontal defects were completely repaired by the sandwich tissue-engineered complex, with intact new alveolar bone and cementum, and a new periodontal ligament, 10 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The sandwich tissue-engineered complex can achieve ideal periodontal reconstruction rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Zhi Z, Xing F, Chen L, Li L, Long Y, Xiang Z. [Application of cell sheet technology in bone and cartilage tissue engineering]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:237-241. [PMID: 29806418 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201707027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the progress of cell sheet technology and its application in bone and cartilage engineering. Methods The recent literature concerning the cell sheet technology used in treatment of bone and cartilage defects was extensively reviewed and summarized. Results Cell sheet built through many different ways can protect extracellular matrix from proteolytic enzymes. As a three-dimensional structure, cell sheet can repair bone and cartilige defects via folding, wrapping scaffold, or be created by the layering of individual cell sheets. Conclusion The cell sheet technology would have a very broad prospects in bone and cartilage tissue engineering in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Zhi
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ye Long
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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44
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Kim JH, Ko SY, Lee JH, Kim DH, Yun JH. Evaluation of the periodontal regenerative properties of patterned human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:402-415. [PMID: 29333326 PMCID: PMC5764766 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.6.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effects of patterned human periodontal ligament stem cell (hPDLSC) sheets fabricated using a thermoresponsive substratum. Methods In this study, we fabricated patterned hPDLSC sheets using nanotopographical cues to modulate the alignment of the cell sheet. Results The hPDLSCs showed rapid monolayer formation on various surface pattern widths. Compared to cell sheets grown on flat surfaces, there were no significant differences in cell attachment and growth on the nanopatterned substratum. However, the patterned hPDLSC sheets showed higher periodontal ligamentogenesis-related gene expression in early stages than the unpatterned cell sheets. Conclusions This experiment confirmed that patterned cell sheets provide flexibility in designing hPDLSC sheets, and that these stem cell sheets may be candidates for application in periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok-Yeong Ko
- Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Justin Ho Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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45
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Yang M, Shuai Y, Sunderland KS, Mao C. Ice-Templated Protein Nanoridges Induce Bone Tissue Formation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1703726. [PMID: 29657571 PMCID: PMC5898400 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201703726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of biocompatible protein nanoridges in directing stem cell fate and tissue regeneration due to the difficulty in forming protein nanoridges. Here an ice-templating approach is proposed to produce semi-parallel pure silk protein nanoridges. The key to this approach is that water droplets formed in the protein films are frozen into ice crystals (removed later by sublimation), pushing the surrounding protein molecules to be assembled into nanoridges. Unlike the flat protein films, the unique protein nanoridges can induce the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts without any additional inducers, as well as the formation of bone tissue in a subcutaneous rat model even when not seeded with MSCs. Moreover, the nanoridged films induce less inflammatory infiltration than the flat films in vivo. This work indicates that decorating biomaterials surfaces with protein nanoridges can enhance bone tissue formation in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yajun Shuai
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kegan S Sunderland
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5300, USA
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5300, USA
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46
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Tian BM, Wu RX, Bi CS, He XT, Yin Y, Chen FM. Human platelet lysate supports the formation of robust human periodontal ligament cell sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:961-972. [PMID: 28714276 DOI: 10.1002/term.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of stem cell-derived sheets has become increasingly common in a wide variety of biomedical applications. Although substantial evidence has demonstrated that human platelet lysate (PL) can be used for therapeutic cell expansion, either as a substitute for or as a supplement to xenogeneic fetal bovine serum (FBS), its impact on cell sheet production remains largely unexplored. In this study, we manufactured periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) sheets in vitro by incubating PDLSCs in sheet-induction media supplemented with various ratios of PL and FBS, i.e. 10% PL without FBS, 7.5% PL + 2.5% FBS, 5% PL + 5% FBS, 2.5% PL + 7.5% FBS or 10% FBS without PL. Cultures with the addition of all the designed supplements led to successful cell sheet production. In addition, all the resultant cellular materials exhibited similar expression profiles of matrix-related genes and proteins, such as collagen I, fibronectin and integrin β1. Interestingly, the cell components within sheets generated by media containing both PL and FBS exhibited improved osteogenic potential. Following in vivo transplantation, all sheets supported significant new bone formation. Our data suggest that robust PDLSC sheets can be produced by applying PL as either an alternative or an adjuvant to FBS. Further examination of the relevant influences of human PL that benefit cell behaviour and matrix production will pave the way towards optimized and standardized conditions for cell sheet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
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47
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Yorukoglu AC, Kiter AE, Akkaya S, Satiroglu-Tufan NL, Tufan AC. A Concise Review on the Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cell Sheet-Based Tissue Engineering with Special Emphasis on Bone Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2374161. [PMID: 29230248 PMCID: PMC5694585 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2374161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of stem cell technology and cell sheet engineering improved the potential use of cell sheet products in regenerative medicine. This review will discuss the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cell sheet-based tissue engineering. Besides their adhesiveness to plastic surfaces and their extensive differentiation potential in vitro, MSCs are easily accessible, expandable in vitro with acceptable genomic stability, and few ethical issues. With all these advantages, they are extremely well suited for cell sheet-based tissue engineering. This review will focus on the use of MSC sheets in osteogenic tissue engineering. Potential application techniques with or without scaffolds and/or grafts will be discussed. Finally, the importance of osteogenic induction of these MSC sheets in orthopaedic applications will be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cagdas Yorukoglu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - A. Esat Kiter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Semih Akkaya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - N. Lale Satiroglu-Tufan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Genetics Laboratory, and Department of Pediatric Genetics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Cevik Tufan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yang F, Miao Y, Wang Y, Zhang LM, Lin X. Electrospun Zein/Gelatin Scaffold-Enhanced Cell Attachment and Growth of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101168. [PMID: 29023390 PMCID: PMC5666974 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread dental disease affecting 10 to 15% of worldwide adult population, yet the current treatments are far from satisfactory. The human periodontal ligament stem cell is a promising potential seed cell population type in cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration, which require appropriate scaffold to provide a mimic extracellular matrix. Zein, a native protein derived from corn, has an excellent biodegradability, and therefore becomes a hotspot on research and application in the field of biomaterials. However, the high hydrophobicity of zein is unfavorable for cell adhesion and thus greatly limits its use. In this study, we fabricate co-electrospun zein/gelatin fiber scaffolds in order to take full advantages of the two natural materials and electrospun fiber structure. Zein and gelatin in four groups of different mass ratios (100:00, 100:20, 100:34, 100:50), and dissolved the mixtures in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, then produced membranes by electrospinning. The results showed that the scaffolds were smooth and homogeneous, as shown in scanning electron micrographs. The diameter of hybrid fibers was increased from 69 ± 22 nm to 950 ± 356 nm, with the proportion of gelatin increase. The cell affinity of zein/gelatin nanofibers was evaluated by using human periodontal ligament stem cells. The data showed that hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility of zein nanofibers were improved by blended gelatin. Taken together, our results indicated that the zein/gelatin co-electrospun fibers had sufficient mechanical properties, satisfied cytocompatibility, and can be utilized as biological scaffolds in the field of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiao Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yingling Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051076. [PMID: 28513573 PMCID: PMC5454985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze novel mechanisms underlying Nrf2-mediated anti-apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the periodontitis oxidative microenvironment. We created an oxidative stress model with H₂O₂-treated PDLSCs. We used real-time PCR, Western blotting, TUNEL staining, fluorogenic assay and transfer genetics to confirm the degree of oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as the function of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We demonstrated that with upregulated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the effect of oxidative stress was obvious under H₂O₂ treatment. Oxidative molecules were altered after the H₂O₂ exposure, whereby the signaling of Nrf2 was activated with an increase in its downstream effectors, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). Additionally, the apoptosis levels gradually increased with oxidative stress by the upregulation of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax and c-Fos levels in addition to the downregulation of Bcl-2. However, there was no alterations in levels of caspase-8. The enhanced antioxidant effect could not mitigate the occurrence of apoptosis. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression effectively improved the anti-oxidative levels and increased cell proliferation. At the same time, overexpression effectively restrained TUNEL staining and decreased the molecular levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax and c-Fos, but not that of caspase-8. In contrast, silencing the expression of Nrf2 levels had the opposite effect. Collectively, Nrf2 alleviates PDLSCs via its effects on regulating oxidative stress and anti-intrinsic apoptosis by the activation of oxidative enzymes.
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50
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Jalaluddin M, Singh DK, Jayanti I, Kulkarni P, Faizuddin M, Tarannum F. Use of Platelet Rich Plasma in the Management of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects: A Clinical Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:105-115. [PMID: 28462179 PMCID: PMC5390574 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_28_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, loss of connective tissue attachment, and alveolar bone around the affected tooth. Alveolar bone support and attachment apparatus regeneration has been achieved through various processes and have given elusive results. An expedient and cost-effective approach to obtain autologous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is obtained by sequestrating and concentrating platelets by gradient density centrifugation. Aims: The current study was aimed at evaluating the regenerative potential of platelet-rich plasma in comparison with open flap debridement. Settings and Designs: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, KIDS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Materials and Methods: Twenty periodontal infrabony defects in 10 patients; 6 males and 4 females of age between 25–45 years were included in this study and were followed up for a period of 6 months. Statistical Analysis: Both the groups showed a mean plaque index of 2.10 and 2.50 at baseline, 1.75 and 2.05 at 3 months, and 1.28 and 1.53 at the end of 6 months. The mean reduction of 0.35 and 0.45 at three months and 0.82 and 0.97 at six months was achieved, which was statistically significant. (P < 0.001). When comparison was done between the two groups it was not found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). In each of the group there was definitive reduction in plaque score over a period of time. Results and Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment outcome between open flap debridement and PRP alone. Platelet-rich plasma application holds promise and needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalaluddin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K Singh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsita Jayanti
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasad Kulkarni
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mohamed Faizuddin
- Department of Periodontics, V.S. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Fouzia Tarannum
- Department of Periodontics, MRADC, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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