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Ferrer P, Upadhyay S, Cai JJ, Clement TM. Novel Nuclear Roles for Testis-Specific ACTL7A and ACTL7B Supported by In Vivo Characterizations and AI Facilitated In Silico Mechanistic Modeling with Implications for Epigenetic Regulation in Spermiogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582797. [PMID: 38464253 PMCID: PMC10925299 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A mechanistic role for nuclear function of testis-specific actin related proteins (ARPs) is proposed here through contributions of ARP subunit swapping in canonical chromatin regulatory complexes. This is significant to our understanding of both mechanisms controlling regulation of spermiogenesis, and the expanding functional roles of the ARPs in cell biology. Among these roles, actins and ARPs are pivotal not only in cytoskeletal regulation, but also in intranuclear chromatin organization, influencing gene regulation and nucleosome remodeling. This study focuses on two testis-specific ARPs, ACTL7A and ACTL7B, exploring their intranuclear activities and broader implications utilizing combined in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. ACTL7A and ACTL7B, previously associated with structural roles, are hypothesized here to serve in chromatin regulation during germline development. This study confirms the intranuclear presence of ACTL7B in spermatocytes and round spermatids, revealing a potential role in intranuclear processes, and identifies a putative nuclear localization sequence conserved across mammalian ACTL7B, indicating a potentially unique mode of nuclear transport which differs from conventional actin. Ablation of ACTL7B leads to varied transcriptional changes reported here. Additionally, in the absence of ACTL7A or ACTL7B there is a loss of intranuclear localization of HDAC1 and HDAC3, which are known regulators of epigenetic associated acetylation changes that in turn regulate gene expression. Thus, these HDACs are implicated as contributors to the aberrant gene expression observed in the KO mouse testis transcriptomic analysis. Furthermore, this study employed and confirmed the accuracy of in silico models to predict ARP interactions with Helicase-SANT-associated (HSA) domains, uncovering putative roles for testis-specific ARPs in nucleosome remodeling complexes. In these models, ACTL7A and ACTL7B were found capable of binding to INO80 and SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeler family members in a manner akin to nuclear actin and ACTL6A. These models thus implicate germline-specific ARP subunit swapping within chromatin regulatory complexes as a potential regulatory mechanism for chromatin and associated molecular machinery adaptations in nuclear reorganizations required during spermiogenesis. These results hold implications for male fertility and epigenetic programing in the male-germline that warrant significant future investigation. In summary, this study reveals that ACTL7A and ACTL7B play intranuclear gene regulation roles in male gametogenesis, adding to the multifaceted roles identified also spanning structural, acrosomal, and flagellar stability. ACTL7A and ACTL7B unique nuclear transport, impact on HDAC nuclear associations, impact on transcriptional processes, and proposed mechanism for involvement in nucleosome remodeling complexes supported by AI facilitated in silico modeling contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the indispensable functions of ARPs broadly in cell biology, and specifically in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ferrer
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Srijana Upadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Tracy M Clement
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Torii T, Sugimoto W, Itoh K, Kinoshita N, Gessho M, Goto T, Uehara I, Nakajima W, Budirahardja Y, Miyoshi D, Nishikata T, Tanaka N, Hirata H, Kawauchi K. Loss of p53 function promotes DNA damage-induced formation of nuclear actin filaments. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:766. [PMID: 38001089 PMCID: PMC10674001 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in response to DNA damage. DNA-damaging agents modulate nuclear actin dynamics, influencing cell behaviors; however, whether p53 affects the formation of nuclear actin filaments remains unclear. In this study, we found that p53 depletion promoted the formation of nuclear actin filaments in response to DNA-damaging agents, such as doxorubicin (DOXO) and etoposide (VP16). Even though the genetic probes used for the detection of nuclear actin filaments exerted a promotive effect on actin polymerization, the detected formation of nuclear actin filaments was highly dependent on both p53 depletion and DNA damage. Whilst active p53 is known to promote caspase-1 expression, the overexpression of caspase-1 reduced DNA damage-induced formation of nuclear actin filaments in p53-depleted cells. In contrast, co-treatment with DOXO and the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh or the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK induced the formation of nuclear actin filament formation even in cells bearing wild-type p53. These results suggest that the p53-caspase-1 axis suppresses DNA damage-induced formation of nuclear actin filaments. In addition, we found that the expression of nLifeact-GFP, the filamentous-actin-binding peptide Lifeact fused with the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and GFP, modulated the structure of nuclear actin filaments to be phalloidin-stainable in p53-depleted cells treated with the DNA-damaging agent, altering the chromatin structure and reducing the transcriptional activity. The level of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), a marker of DNA damage, in these cells also reduced upon nLifeact-GFP expression, whilst details of the functional relationship between the formation of nLifeact-GFP-decorated nuclear actin filaments and DNA repair remained to be elucidated. Considering that the loss of p53 is associated with cancer progression, the results of this study raise a possibility that the artificial reinforcement of nuclear actin filaments by nLifeact-GFP may enhance the cytotoxic effect of DNA-damaging agents in aggressive cancer cells through a reduction in gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Torii
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugimoto
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Itoh
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kinoshita
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masaya Gessho
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Goto
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ikuno Uehara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yemima Budirahardja
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyoshi
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, 924-0838, Japan.
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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CREB Is Activated by the SCF/KIT Axis in a Partially ERK-Dependent Manner and Orchestrates Survival and the Induction of Immediate Early Genes in Human Skin Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044135. [PMID: 36835547 PMCID: PMC9966046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) functions as a prototypical stimulus-inducible transcription factor (TF) that initiates multiple cellular changes in response to activation. Despite pronounced expression in mast cells (MCs), CREB function is surprisingly ill-defined in the lineage. Skin MCs (skMCs) are critical effector cells in acute allergic and pseudo-allergic settings, and they contribute to various chronic dermatoses such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, prurigo, rosacea and others. Using MCs of skin origin, we demonstrate herein that CREB is rapidly phosphorylated on serine-133 upon SCF-mediated KIT dimerization. Phosphorylation initiated by the SCF/KIT axis required intrinsic KIT kinase activity and partially depended on ERK1/2, but not on other kinases such as p38, JNK, PI3K or PKA. CREB was constitutively nuclear, where phosphorylation occurred. Interestingly, ERK did not translocate to the nucleus upon SCF activation of skMCs, but a fraction was present in the nucleus at baseline, and phosphorylation was prompted in the cytoplasm and nucleus in situ. CREB was required for SCF-facilitated survival, as demonstrated with the CREB-selective inhibitor 666-15. Knock-down of CREB by RNA interference duplicated CREB's anti-apoptotic function. On comparison with other modules (PI3K, p38 and MEK/ERK), CREB was equal or more potent at survival promotion. SCF efficiently induces immediate early genes (IEGs) in skMCs (FOS, JUNB and NR4A2). We now demonstrate that CREB is an essential partaker in this induction. Collectively, the ancient TF CREB is a crucial component of skMCs, where it operates as an effector of the SCF/KIT axis, orchestrating IEG induction and lifespan.
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Selcen I, Prentice E, Casaccia P. The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:24-41. [PMID: 36740586 PMCID: PMC10085863 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells refers to the cell-specific modifications of DNA, chromatin, and RNA that define a unique gene expression pattern of functionally specialized cells. Here, we focus on the epigenetic changes occurring as progenitors differentiate into myelin-forming cells and respond to the local environment. First, modifications of DNA, RNA, nucleosomal histones, key principles of chromatin organization, topologically associating domains, and local remodeling will be reviewed. Then, the relationship between epigenetic modulators and RNA processing will be explored. Finally, the reciprocal relationship between the epigenome as a determinant of the mechanical properties of cell nuclei and the target of mechanotransduction will be discussed. The overall goal is to provide an interpretative key on how epigenetic changes may account for the heterogeneity of the transcriptional profiles identified in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Selcen
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Prentice
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Mahmood SR, Said NHE, Gunsalus KC, Percipalle P. β-actin mediated H3K27ac changes demonstrate the link between compartment switching and enhancer-dependent transcriptional regulation. Genome Biol 2023; 24:18. [PMID: 36698204 PMCID: PMC9875490 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work has demonstrated that three-dimensional genome organization is directly affected by changes in the levels of nuclear cytoskeletal proteins such as β-actin. The mechanisms which translate changes in 3D genome structure into changes in transcription, however, are not fully understood. Here, we use a comprehensive genomic analysis of cells lacking nuclear β-actin to investigate the mechanistic links between compartment organization, enhancer activity, and gene expression. RESULTS Using HiC-Seq, ATAC-Seq, and RNA-Seq, we first demonstrate that transcriptional and chromatin accessibility changes observed upon β-actin loss are highly enriched in compartment-switching regions. Accessibility changes within compartment switching genes, however, are mainly observed in non-promoter regions which potentially represent distal regulatory elements. Our results also show that β-actin loss induces widespread accumulation of the enhancer-specific epigenetic mark H3K27ac. Using the ABC model of enhancer annotation, we then establish that these epigenetic changes have a direct impact on enhancer activity and underlie transcriptional changes observed upon compartment switching. A complementary analysis of fibroblasts undergoing reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells further confirms that this relationship between compartment switching and enhancer-dependent transcriptional change is not specific to β-actin knockout cells but represents a general mechanism linking compartment-level genome organization to gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that enhancer-dependent transcriptional regulation plays a crucial role in driving gene expression changes observed upon compartment-switching. Our results also reveal a novel function of nuclear β-actin in regulating enhancer function by influencing H3K27 acetylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza Mahmood
- grid.440573.10000 0004 1755 5934Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Nadine Hosny El Said
- grid.440573.10000 0004 1755 5934Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kristin C. Gunsalus
- grid.440573.10000 0004 1755 5934Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- grid.440573.10000 0004 1755 5934Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,grid.440573.10000 0004 1755 5934Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Wu Y, Zhang B, Dong X, Ma S, Hu S. Discovery of Novel Small Molecule HDAC1, 2, 3 Inhibitors -- Combined
Receptor-Based and Ligand-Based Virtual Screening Strategy. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666211220124300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
This study aims to investigate and validate the potential drug target to HDAC1.
Background:
Human histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) can catalyze the deacetylation of histones belonging
to the family of human histone deacetylases (HDACs). Amide hydrolase HDAC1 plays a key role in
the development of many serious cancers such as prostate cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, esophageal
cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer. Therefore, HDAC1 inhibitors, promoting the transcription of a
series of key genes such as the p53 gene and inhibiting the development of cancer through various downstream
mechanisms, have great potential for the treatment of cancer.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to discover new skeleton HDAC1 inhibitors efficiently and conveniently
with therapeutic potential for cancer.
Method:
Based on the crystal structure of HDAC1, through the combination of receptor-based and ligand-
based virtual screening from the commercial compound library, the top-ranked compounds are selected
for purchase through binding modes analysis, and their activities were verified through in vitro
HDAC1 inhibitory biological experiments.
Results:
Based on LeDock, 5ICN showed good distinguishing ability and was used as the receptor. According
to the results of the LeDock docking scoring from receptor-based virtual screening, 69 compounds
with binding energy less than -7.5 kcal/mol were obtained and used for ligand-based virtual
screening. A total of 21 novel compounds with high potential HDAC1 inhibitory activity were collected
by combining the similarity searching (NN) and the multinomial Naive Bayes machine learning model
(NB) methods. Through binding modes analysis, 10 compounds with different structures with potential
HDAC1 inhibitory activity were selected and screened HDAC1 inhibitory in vitro. May267 showed moderate
HDAC1 inhibitory activity, and the inhibition rate was 48% at a concentration of 20 μM.
Conclusion:
This study discovers novel small molecule HDAC1 inhibitors by combined receptor-based
and ligand-based virtual screening strategy, which provides an efficient method for the discovery of other
small molecule drugs. May267 shows moderate HDAC1 inhibitory activity, which can be further optimized
as a lead compound. However, it still has the problem of poor kinase selectivity to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
310006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology
and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People\'s Hospital, Cancer Center,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative
Medicine, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Park CK, An TJ, Kim JH, Chin Kook R, Yoon HK. Synergistic Effect of Roflumilast with Dexamethasone in a Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:624-632. [PMID: 35181901 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with heterogeneous features. Most cases of asthma are steroid sensitive, but 5-10% are unresponsive to steroids, leading to challenges in treatment. Neutrophilic asthma is steroid-resistant and characterized by the absence or suppression of the TH 2 process and an increase in the TH 1 and/or TH 17 process. Roflumilast (ROF) has anti-inflammatory effects and has been used to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease. It is unclear whether ROF may have a therapeutic role in neutrophilic asthma. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of ROF with dexamethasone in a neutrophilic asthma mouse model. C57BL/6 female mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were exposed to five intranasal OVA treatments and three intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments for an additional 10 days. During the intranasal OVA challenge, ROF was administered orally, and dexamethasone (DEX) was injected intraperitoneally. Protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, and other suspected markers were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Following exposure to LPS in OVA-induced asthmatic mice, neutrophil predominant airway inflammation rather than eosinophil predominant inflammation was observed, with increases in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The lungs of animals treated with ROF exhibited less airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. To investigate the mechanism underlying this effect, we examined the expression of proinflammatory cytokines suspected to be involved in inflammatory cytokines and proteins. ROF reduced total protein in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid; levels of IL-17A, IL-1β mRNA, IFN-γ, and TNF-α; and recovered histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) activity. Combination therapy with ROF and DEX further reduced the levels of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-1β mRNA and proinflammatory cytokines. The combination of ROF and DEX reduced lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness much more than one of them alone. ROF reduces AHR and lung inflammation in the neutrophilic asthma mouse model. Furthermore, additive effects were observed when DEX was added to ROF treatment, possibly because of recovery of HDAC2/β-Actin activity. This study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory properties of ROF in a neutrophilic asthma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kwon Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Joon An
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhee Chin Kook
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Horníková L, Bruštíková K, Huérfano S, Forstová J. Nuclear Cytoskeleton in Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010578. [PMID: 35009004 PMCID: PMC8745530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is the main component of the nuclear cytoskeleton that maintains the integrity of the nucleus. However, it represents a natural barrier for viruses replicating in the cell nucleus. The lamina blocks viruses from being trafficked to the nucleus for replication, but it also impedes the nuclear egress of the progeny of viral particles. Thus, viruses have evolved mechanisms to overcome this obstacle. Large viruses induce the assembly of multiprotein complexes that are anchored to the inner nuclear membrane. Important components of these complexes are the viral and cellular kinases phosphorylating the lamina and promoting its disaggregation, therefore allowing virus egress. Small viruses also use cellular kinases to induce lamina phosphorylation and the subsequent disruption in order to facilitate the import of viral particles during the early stages of infection or during their nuclear egress. Another component of the nuclear cytoskeleton, nuclear actin, is exploited by viruses for the intranuclear movement of their particles from the replication sites to the nuclear periphery. This study focuses on exploitation of the nuclear cytoskeleton by viruses, although this is just the beginning for many viruses, and promises to reveal the mechanisms and dynamic of physiological and pathological processes in the nucleus.
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Walker CJ, Crocini C, Ramirez D, Killaars AR, Grim JC, Aguado BA, Clark K, Allen MA, Dowell RD, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. Nuclear mechanosensing drives chromatin remodelling in persistently activated fibroblasts. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1485-1499. [PMID: 33875841 PMCID: PMC9102466 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disease is caused by the continuous deposition of extracellular matrix by persistently activated fibroblasts (also known as myofibroblasts), even after the resolution of the injury. Using fibroblasts from porcine aortic valves cultured on hydrogels that can be softened via exposure to ultraviolet light, here we show that increased extracellular stiffness activates the fibroblasts, and that cumulative tension on the nuclear membrane and increases in the activity of histone deacetylases transform transiently activated fibroblasts into myofibroblasts displaying condensed chromatin with genome-wide alterations. The condensed structure of the myofibroblasts is associated with cytoskeletal stability, as indicated by the inhibition of chromatin condensation and myofibroblast persistence after detachment of the nucleus from the cytoskeleton via the displacement of endogenous nesprins from the nuclear envelope. We also show that the chromatin structure of myofibroblasts from patients with aortic valve stenosis is more condensed than that of myofibroblasts from healthy donors. Our findings suggest that nuclear mechanosensing drives distinct chromatin signatures in persistently activated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra J Walker
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Crocini
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anouk R Killaars
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Grim
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian A Aguado
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kyle Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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10
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Nin DS, Wujanto C, Tan TZ, Lim D, Damen JMA, Wu KY, Dai ZM, Lee ZW, Idres SB, Leong YH, Jha S, Ng JSY, Low JJH, Chang SC, Tan DSP, Wu W, Choo BA, Deng LW. GAGE mediates radio resistance in cervical cancers via the regulation of chromatin accessibility. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109621. [PMID: 34469741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in cancers that use definitive RT as their primary treatment modality. This study identifies the cancer/testis (CT) antigen G antigen (GAGE) as a mediator of radio resistance in cervical cancers. Elevated GAGE expression positively associates with de novo RT resistance in clinical samples. GAGE, specifically the GAGE12 protein variant, confers RT resistance through synemin-dependent chromatin localization, promoting the association of histone deacetylase 1/2 (HDAC1/2) to its inhibitor actin. This cumulates to elevated histone 3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56Ac) levels, increased chromatin accessibility, and improved DNA repair efficiency. Molecular or pharmacological disruption of the GAGE-associated complex restores radiosensitivity. Molecularly, this study demonstrates the role of GAGE in the regulation of chromatin dynamics. Clinically, this study puts forward the utility of GAGE as a pre-screening biomarker to identify poor responders at initial diagnosis and the therapeutic potential of agents that target GAGE and its associated complex in combination with radiotherapy to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Caryn Wujanto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Diana Lim
- Department of Pathology, NUH, Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - J Mirjam A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ziyu Melvin Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Zheng-Wei Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Shabana Binte Idres
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yiat Horng Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Joseph Soon-Yau Ng
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey J H Low
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Shao Peng Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Hematology-Oncology, NUHS, Singapore 119228, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Bok Ai Choo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
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Skupien-Jaroszek A, Walczak A, Czaban I, Pels KK, Szczepankiewicz AA, Krawczyk K, Ruszczycki B, Wilczynski GM, Dzwonek J, Magalska A. The interplay of seizures-induced axonal sprouting and transcription-dependent Bdnf repositioning in the model of temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239111. [PMID: 34086671 PMCID: PMC8177504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor is one of the most important trophic proteins in the brain. The role of this growth factor in neuronal plasticity, in health and disease, has been extensively studied. However, mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of Bdnf gene expression in epilepsy are still elusive. In our previous work, using a rat model of neuronal activation upon kainate-induced seizures, we observed a repositioning of Bdnf alleles from the nuclear periphery towards the nuclear center. This change of Bdnf intranuclear position was associated with transcriptional gene activity. In the present study, using the same neuronal activation model, we analyzed the relation between the percentage of the Bdnf allele at the nuclear periphery and clinical and morphological traits of epilepsy. We observed that the decrease of the percentage of the Bdnf allele at the nuclear periphery correlates with stronger mossy fiber sprouting-an aberrant form of excitatory circuits formation. Moreover, using in vitro hippocampal cultures we showed that Bdnf repositioning is a consequence of transcriptional activity. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity in primary cultured neurons with Actinomycin D completely blocked Bdnf gene transcription and repositioning occurring after neuronal excitation. Interestingly, we observed that histone deacetylases inhibition with Trichostatin A induced a slight increase of Bdnf gene transcription and its repositioning even in the absence of neuronal excitation. Presented results provide novel insight into the role of BDNF in epileptogenesis. Moreover, they strengthen the statement that this particular gene is a good candidate to search for a new generation of antiepileptic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skupien-Jaroszek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walczak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Czaban
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Karolina Pels
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Antoni Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Ruszczycki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Marek Wilczynski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Dzwonek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (AM); (JD)
| | - Adriana Magalska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (AM); (JD)
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Dieterle MP, Husari A, Steinberg T, Wang X, Ramminger I, Tomakidi P. From the Matrix to the Nucleus and Back: Mechanobiology in the Light of Health, Pathologies, and Regeneration of Oral Periodontal Tissues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:824. [PMID: 34073044 PMCID: PMC8228498 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among oral tissues, the periodontium is permanently subjected to mechanical forces resulting from chewing, mastication, or orthodontic appliances. Molecularly, these movements induce a series of subsequent signaling processes, which are embedded in the biological concept of cellular mechanotransduction (MT). Cell and tissue structures, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the nucleus, are involved in MT. Dysregulation of the diverse, fine-tuned interaction of molecular players responsible for transmitting biophysical environmental information into the cell's inner milieu can lead to and promote serious diseases, such as periodontitis or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, periodontal integrity and regeneration is highly dependent on the proper integration and regulation of mechanobiological signals in the context of cell behavior. Recent experimental findings have increased the understanding of classical cellular mechanosensing mechanisms by both integrating exogenic factors such as bacterial gingipain proteases and newly discovered cell-inherent functions of mechanoresponsive co-transcriptional regulators such as the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) or the nuclear cytoskeleton. Regarding periodontal MT research, this review offers insights into the current trends and open aspects. Concerning oral regenerative medicine or weakening of periodontal tissue diseases, perspectives on future applications of mechanobiological principles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
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13
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Malone ET, Ganther S, Mena N, Radaic A, Shariati K, Kindberg A, Tafolla C, Kamarajan P, Fenno JC, Zhan L, Kapila YL. Treponema denticola-Induced RASA4 Upregulation Mediates Cytoskeletal Dysfunction and MMP-2 Activity in Periodontal Fibroblasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671968. [PMID: 34094999 PMCID: PMC8171266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal complex consists of the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and cementum, which work together to turn mechanical load into biological responses that are responsible for maintaining a homeostatic environment. However oral microbes, under conditions of dysbiosis, may challenge the actin dynamic properties of the PDL in the context of periodontal disease. To study this process, we examined host-microbial interactions in the context of the periodontium via molecular and functional cell assays and showed that human PDL cell interactions with Treponema denticola induce actin depolymerization through a novel actin reorganization signaling mechanism. This actin reorganization mechanism and loss of cell adhesion is a pathological response characterized by an initial upregulation of RASA4 mRNA expression resulting in an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. This mechanism is specific to the T. denticola effector protein, dentilisin, thereby uncovering a novel effect for Treponema denticola-mediated RASA4 transcriptional activation and actin depolymerization in primary human PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Trent Malone
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sean Ganther
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nevina Mena
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Allan Radaic
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Keemia Shariati
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Kindberg
- Bush Laboratory, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Biomedical Sciences Graduate, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christian Tafolla
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Fenno Laboratory, Department of Biological and Material Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ling Zhan
- Zhan Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Franke K, Wang Z, Zuberbier T, Babina M. Cytokines Stimulated by IL-33 in Human Skin Mast Cells: Involvement of NF-κB and p38 at Distinct Levels and Potent Co-Operation with FcεRI and MRGPRX2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073580. [PMID: 33808264 PMCID: PMC8036466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 family cytokine IL-33 activates and re-shapes mast cells (MCs), but whether and by what mechanisms it elicits cytokines in MCs from human skin remains poorly understood. The current study found that IL-33 activates CCL1, CCL2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, and TNF-α, while IL-1β, IL-6, IL-31, and VEGFA remain unaffected in cutaneous MCs, highlighting that each MC subset responds to IL-33 with a unique cytokine profile. Mechanistically, IL-33 induced the rapid (1–2 min) and durable (2 h) phosphorylation of p38, whereas the phosphorylation of JNK was weaker and more transient. Moreover, the NF-κB pathway was potently activated, as revealed by IκB degradation, increased nuclear abundance of p50/p65, and vigorous phosphorylation of p65. The activation of NF-κB occurred independently of p38 or JNK. The induced transcription of the cytokines selected for further study (CCL1, CCL2, IL-8, TNF-α) was abolished by interference with NF-κB, while p38/JNK had only some cytokine-selective effects. Surprisingly, at the level of the secreted protein products, p38 was nearly as effective as NF-κB for all entities, suggesting post-transcriptional involvement. IL-33 did not only instruct skin MCs to produce selected cytokines, but it also efficiently co-operated with the allergic and pseudo-allergic/neurogenic activation networks in the production of IL-8, TNF-α, CCL1, and CCL2. Synergism was more pronounced at the protein than at the mRNA level and appeared stronger for MRGPRX2 ligands than for FcεRI. Our results underscore the pro-inflammatory nature of an acute IL-33 stimulus and imply that especially in combination with allergens or MRGPRX2 agonists, IL-33 will efficiently amplify skin inflammation and thereby aggravate inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Northwest Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-175-1649-539; Fax: +49-30-45051-8900
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15
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Ulferts S, Prajapati B, Grosse R, Vartiainen MK. Emerging Properties and Functions of Actin and Actin Filaments Inside the Nucleus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040121. [PMID: 33288541 PMCID: PMC7919393 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have provided considerable insights into the dynamic nature of the cell nucleus, which is constantly reorganizing its genome, controlling its size and shape, as well as spatiotemporally orchestrating chromatin remodeling and transcription. Remarkably, it has become clear that the ancient and highly conserved cytoskeletal protein actin plays a crucial part in these processes. However, the underlying mechanisms, regulations, and properties of actin functions inside the nucleus are still not well understood. Here we summarize the diverse and distinct roles of monomeric and filamentous actin as well as the emerging roles for actin dynamics inside the nuclear compartment for genome organization and nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bina Prajapati
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria K. Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Amin SA, Trivedi P, Adhikari N, Routholla G, Vijayasarathi D, Das S, Ghosh B, Jha T. Quantitative activity–activity relationship (QAAR) driven design to develop hydroxamate derivatives of pentanoic acids as selective HDAC8 inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and binding mode of interaction studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has been implicated as a potential drug target of many diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk. Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prakruti Trivedi
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ganesh Routholla
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Dhanya Vijayasarathi
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Mognato M, Burdak-Rothkamm S, Rothkamm K. Interplay between DNA replication stress, chromatin dynamics and DNA-damage response for the maintenance of genome stability. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108346. [PMID: 34083038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication stress is a major source of DNA damage, including double-stranded breaks that promote DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Inefficient repair of such lesions can affect genome integrity. During DNA replication different factors act on chromatin remodeling in a coordinated way. While recent studies have highlighted individual molecular mechanisms of interaction, less is known about the orchestration of chromatin changes under replication stress. In this review we attempt to explore the complex relationship between DNA replication stress, DDR and genome integrity in mammalian cells, taking into account the role of chromatin disposition as an important modulator of DNA repair. Recent data on chromatin restoration and epigenetic re-establishment after DNA replication stress are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Radiotherapy, Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Germany.
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Radiotherapy, Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Germany.
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18
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A M, Latario CJ, Pickrell LE, Higgs HN. Lysine acetylation of cytoskeletal proteins: Emergence of an actin code. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2020; 219:211455. [PMID: 33044556 PMCID: PMC7555357 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation of nuclear proteins such as histones is a long-established important regulatory mechanism for chromatin remodeling and transcription. In the cytoplasm, acetylation of a number of cytoskeletal proteins, including tubulin, cortactin, and the formin mDia2, regulates both cytoskeletal assembly and stability. More recently, acetylation of actin itself was revealed to regulate cytoplasmic actin polymerization through the formin INF2, with downstream effects on ER-to-mitochondrial calcium transfer, mitochondrial fission, and vesicle transport. This finding raises the possibility that actin acetylation, along with other post-translational modifications to actin, might constitute an "actin code," similar to the "histone code" or "tubulin code," controlling functional shifts to these central cellular proteins. Given the multiple roles of actin in nuclear functions, its modifications might also have important roles in gene expression.
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Michel JB. Phylogenic Determinants of Cardiovascular Frailty, Focus on Hemodynamics and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1779-1837. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the circulatory system from invertebrates to mammals has involved the passage from an open system to a closed in-parallel system via a closed in-series system, accompanying the increasing complexity and efficiency of life’s biological functions. The archaic heart enables pulsatile motion waves of hemolymph in invertebrates, and the in-series circulation in fish occurs with only an endothelium, whereas mural smooth muscle cells appear later. The present review focuses on evolution of the circulatory system. In particular, we address how and why this evolution took place from a closed, flowing, longitudinal conductance at low pressure to a flowing, highly pressurized and bifurcating arterial compartment. However, although arterial pressure was the latest acquired hemodynamic variable, the general teleonomy of the evolution of species is the differentiation of individual organ function, supported by specific fueling allowing and favoring partial metabolic autonomy. This was achieved via the establishment of an active contractile tone in resistance arteries, which permitted the regulation of blood supply to specific organ activities via its localized function-dependent inhibition (active vasodilation). The global resistance to viscous blood flow is the peripheral increase in frictional forces caused by the tonic change in arterial and arteriolar radius, which backscatter as systemic arterial blood pressure. Consequently, the arterial pressure gradient from circulating blood to the adventitial interstitium generates the unidirectional outward radial advective conductance of plasma solutes across the wall of conductance arteries. This hemodynamic evolution was accompanied by important changes in arterial wall structure, supported by smooth muscle cell functional plasticity, including contractility, matrix synthesis and proliferation, endocytosis and phagocytosis, etc. These adaptive phenotypic shifts are due to epigenetic regulation, mainly related to mechanotransduction. These paradigms actively participate in cardio-arterial pathologies such as atheroma, valve disease, heart failure, aneurysms, hypertension, and physiological aging.
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Abstract
The presence of actin in the nucleus has been a matter of debate for many years. In recent years many important roles of actin in the nucleus (transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, cell division, maintenance of nuclear architecture) have been identified, and the precise control of nuclear actin levels has been demonstrated. The vital importance of the actin driven processes in the cell make it highly likely that dysregulation of nuclear actin dynamics and structure can be linked to tumor induction and -progression. In this chapter I summarize our current knowledge about nuclear actin in the cancer context.
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Abstract
The presence of actin in the nucleus has historically been a highly contentious issue. It is now, however, well accepted that actin has physiologically important roles in the nucleus. In this Review, we describe the evolution of our thinking about actin in the nucleus starting with evidence supporting its involvement in transcription, chromatin remodeling and intranuclear movements. We also review the growing literature on the mechanisms that regulate the import and export of actin and how post-translational modifications of actin could regulate nuclear actin. We end with an extended discussion of the role of nuclear actin in the repair of DNA double stranded breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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22
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Nuclear actin dynamics in gene expression and genome organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 102:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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The Actin-Family Protein Arp4 Is a Novel Suppressor for the Formation and Functions of Nuclear F-Actin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030758. [PMID: 32204557 PMCID: PMC7140684 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between actin and actin-related proteins (Arps), namely Arp2 and Arp3, plays a central role in facilitating actin polymerization in the cytoplasm and also in the nucleus. Nuclear F-actin is required for transcriptional regulation, double-strand break repair, and nuclear organization. The formation of nuclear F-actin is highly dynamic, suggesting the involvement of positive and negative regulators for nuclear actin polymerization. While actin assembly factors for nuclear F-actin have been recently described, information about inhibitory factors is still limited. The actin-related protein Arp4 which is predominantly localized in the nucleus, has been previously identified as an integral subunit of multiple chromatin modulation complexes, where it forms a heterodimer with monomeric actin. Therefore, we tested whether Arp4 functions as a suppressor of nuclear F-actin formation. The knockdown of Arp4 (Arp4 KD) led to an increase in nuclear F-actin formation in NIH3T3 cells, and purified Arp4 potently inhibited F-actin formation in mouse nuclei transplanted into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Consistently, Arp4 KD facilitated F-actin-inducible gene expression (e.g., OCT4) and DNA damage repair. Our results suggest that Arp4 has a critical role in the formation and functions of nuclear F-actin.
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24
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25
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Urbano FJ, Bisagno V, Garcia-Rill E. Gamma oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus are regulated by F-actin: neuroepigenetic implications. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C282-C288. [PMID: 31747316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00374.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is part of the reticular activating system (RAS) in charge of arousal and rapid eye movement sleep. The presence of high-frequency membrane oscillations in the gamma-band range in the PPN has been extensively demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. Our group previously described histone deacetylation (HDAC) inhibition in vitro induced protein changes in F-actin cytoskeleton and intracellular Ca2+ concentration regulation proteins in the PPN. Here, we present evidence that supports the presence of a fine balance between HDAC function and calcium calmodulin kinase II-F-actin interactions in the PPN. We modified F-actin polymerization in vitro by using jasplakinolide (1 μM, a promoter of F-actin stabilization), or latrunculin-B (1 μM, an inhibitor of actin polymerization). Our results showed that shifting the balance in either direction significantly reduced PPN gamma oscillation as well as voltage-dependent calcium currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Urbano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Bisagno
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular, y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arakansas
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26
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Lee SM, Asress S, Hales CM, Gearing M, Vizcarra JC, Fournier CN, Gutman DA, Chin LS, Li L, Glass JD. TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusion formation is disrupted in C9orf72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz014. [PMID: 31633109 PMCID: PMC6788139 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause underlying both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Pathologically, these two neurodegenerative disorders are linked by the common presence of abnormal phosphorylated TDP-43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. We compared the number and size of phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions and their morphology in hippocampi from patients dying with sporadic versus C9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with pathologically defined frontotemporal lobar degeneration with phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions, the pathological substrate of clinical frontotemporal dementia in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In sporadic cases, there were numerous consolidated phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions that were variable in size, whereas inclusions in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration were quantitatively smaller than those in sporadic cases. Also, C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration homogenized brain contained soluble cytoplasmic TDP-43 that was largely absent in sporadic cases. To better understand these pathological differences, we modelled TDP-43 inclusion formation in fibroblasts derived from sporadic or C9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia patients. We found that both sporadic and C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia patient fibroblasts showed impairment in TDP-43 degradation by the proteasome, which may explain increased TDP-43 protein levels found in both sporadic and C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration frontal cortex and hippocampus. Fibroblasts derived from sporadic patients, but not C9orf72 patients, demonstrated the ability to sequester cytoplasmic TDP-43 into aggresomes via microtubule-dependent mechanisms. TDP-43 aggresomes in vitro and TDP-43 neuronal inclusions in vivo were both tightly localized with autophagy markers and, therefore, were likely to function similarly as sites for autophagic degradation. The inability for C9orf72 fibroblasts to form TDP-43 aggresomes, together with the observations that TDP-43 protein was soluble in the cytoplasm and formed smaller inclusions in the C9orf72 brain compared with sporadic disease, suggests a loss of protein quality control response to sequester and degrade TDP-43 in C9orf72-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lee
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seneshaw Asress
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan C Vizcarra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina N Fournier
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David A Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lih-Shen Chin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Sankaran J, Uzer G, van Wijnen AJ, Rubin J. Gene regulation through dynamic actin control of nuclear structure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1345-1353. [PMID: 31084213 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219850079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exist in a multipotential state, where osteogenic and adipogenic genomes are silenced in heterochromatin at the inner nuclear leaflet. Physical force, generated in the marrow space during dynamic exercise exerts control overexpression of differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells experience mechanical force through their cytoskeletal attachments to substrate, inducing signaling that alters gene expression. The generated force is further transferred from the cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton through tethering of actin to Linker of Nucleus and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. Forces exerted on LINC alter the shape and placement of the nucleus within the cell, and are ultimately transferred into the nucleus. LINC complexes transverse the nuclear membrane and connect to the internal nucleoskeleton that is made up of lamin filaments and actin. Force transfer through LINC thus causes structural rearrangements of the nuclear scaffolding upon which chromosomes are arranged. Gene availability is not only modulated through heterochromatin remodeling enzymes and active transcription factors but also by control of nucleoskeletal structure and nuclear enzymes that mediate actin polymerization in the nucleus. Nuclear actin structure may be affected by similar force-activated pathways as those controlling the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton and represent a critical determinant of mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment. Impact statement Gene expression is controlled by nuclear structure which is modulated by both internal and external forces exerted on the nucleoskeleton. Extracellular forces experienced through the actin cytoskeleton are transmitted to the internal nucleoskeleton via Linker of Nucleus and Cytoskeleton (LINC) protein connections. LINC complexes directly alter nuclear shape and entry of molecules that regulate transcription. New mechanistic models indicate that nuclear actin is a dynamic component of the filamentous nucleoskeleton and modified by an intranuclear “actin toolbox”, a set of enzymes that regulate linear and branched polymerization of nuclear actin. External stimulation of both biomechanical and biochemical pathways alters nuclear actin structure and has profound effects on gene expression by controlling chromatin architecture and transcription factor access to gene targets. The available data indicate that nucleoskeletal control of gene expression is critical for self-renewal and mesenchymal lineage-allocation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyantt Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- College of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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28
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Viita T, Kyheröinen S, Prajapati B, Virtanen J, Frilander MJ, Varjosalo M, Vartiainen MK. Nuclear actin interactome analysis links actin to KAT14 histone acetyl transferase and mRNA splicing. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226852. [PMID: 30890647 PMCID: PMC6503952 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its essential functions within the cytoskeleton, actin also localizes to the cell nucleus, where it is linked to many important nuclear processes from gene expression to maintenance of genomic integrity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which actin operates in the nucleus remain poorly understood. Here, we have used two complementary mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, AP-MS and BioID, to identify binding partners for nuclear actin. Common high-confidence interactions highlight the role of actin in chromatin-remodeling complexes and identify the histone-modifying complex human Ada-Two-A-containing (hATAC) as a novel actin-containing nuclear complex. Actin binds directly to the hATAC subunit KAT14, and modulates its histone acetyl transferase activity in vitro and in cells. Transient interactions detected through BioID link actin to several steps of transcription as well as to RNA processing. Alterations in nuclear actin levels disturb alternative splicing in minigene assays, likely by affecting the transcription elongation rate. This interactome analysis thus identifies both novel direct binding partners and functional roles for nuclear actin, as well as forms a platform for further mechanistic studies on how actin operates during essential nuclear processes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Viita
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Salla Kyheröinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bina Prajapati
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jori Virtanen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland .,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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29
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Pfitzer L, Moser C, Gegenfurtner F, Arner A, Foerster F, Atzberger C, Zisis T, Kubisch-Dohmen R, Busse J, Smith R, Timinszky G, Kalinina OV, Müller R, Wagner E, Vollmar AM, Zahler S. Targeting actin inhibits repair of doxorubicin-induced DNA damage: a novel therapeutic approach for combination therapy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:302. [PMID: 30944311 PMCID: PMC6447524 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe side effects often restrict clinical application of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In order to decrease required substance concentrations, new concepts for successful combination therapy are needed. Since doxorubicin causes DNA damage, combination with compounds that modulate DNA repair could be a promising strategy. Very recently, a role of nuclear actin for DNA damage repair has been proposed, making actin a potential target for cancer therapy in combination with DNA-damaging therapeutics. This is of special interest, since actin-binding compounds have not yet found their way into clinics. We find that low-dose combination treatment of doxorubicin with the actin polymerizer chondramide B (ChB) synergistically inhibits tumor growth in vivo. On the cellular level we demonstrate that actin binders inhibit distinctive double strand break (DSB) repair pathways. Actin manipulation impairs the recruitment of replication factor A (RPA) to the site of damage, a process crucial for homologous recombination. In addition, actin binders reduce autophosphorylation of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) during nonhomologous end joining. Our findings substantiate a direct involvement of actin in nuclear DSB repair pathways, and propose actin as a therapeutic target for combination therapy with DNA-damaging agents such as doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pfitzer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Moser
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gegenfurtner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Arner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Foerster
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Atzberger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Themistoklis Zisis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebekka Kubisch-Dohmen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology-Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Busse
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology-Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,CNRS, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,MTA SZBK Lendület DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics Research Group, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Olga V Kalinina
- Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology-Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Tsai E, Casaccia P. Mechano-modulation of nuclear events regulating oligodendrocyte progenitor gene expression. Glia 2019; 67:1229-1239. [PMID: 30734358 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes differentiate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in response to distinct extracellular signals. This process requires changes in gene expression resulting from the interplay between transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. Extracellular signals include chemical and physical stimuli. This review focuses on the signaling mechanisms activated in oligodendrocyte progenitors in response to mechanical forces. Of particular interest is a better understanding on how these forces are transduced into the OPC nuclei and subsequently reshape their epigenetic landscape. Here we will introduce the concept of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, first in general and then focusing on the oligodendrocyte lineage. We will then review the current literature on mechano-transduction in distinct cell types, followed by pathways identified in myelinating oligodendrocytes and their progenitors. Overall, the reader will be provided with a comprehensive review of the signaling pathways which allow oligodendrocyte progenitors to "sense" physical forces and transduce them into patterns of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York
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31
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Gegenfurtner FA, Zisis T, Al Danaf N, Schrimpf W, Kliesmete Z, Ziegenhain C, Enard W, Kazmaier U, Lamb DC, Vollmar AM, Zahler S. Transcriptional effects of actin-binding compounds: the cytoplasm sets the tone. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4539-4555. [PMID: 30206640 PMCID: PMC11105542 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Actin has emerged as a versatile regulator of gene transcription. Cytoplasmatic actin regulates mechanosensitive-signaling pathways such as MRTF-SRF and Hippo-YAP/TAZ. In the nucleus, both polymerized and monomeric actin directly interfere with transcription-associated molecular machineries. Natural actin-binding compounds are frequently used tools to study actin-related processes in cell biology. However, their influence on transcriptional regulation and intranuclear actin polymerization is poorly understood to date. Here, we analyze the effects of two representative actin-binding compounds, Miuraenamide A (polymerizing properties) and Latrunculin B (depolymerizing properties), on transcriptional regulation in primary cells. We find that actin stabilizing and destabilizing compounds inversely shift nuclear actin levels without a direct influence on polymerization state and intranuclear aspects of transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, we identify Miuraenamide A as a potent inducer of G-actin-dependent SRF target gene expression. In contrast, the F-actin-regulated Hippo-YAP/TAZ axis remains largely unaffected by compound-induced actin aggregation. This is due to the inability of AMOTp130 to bind to the amorphous actin aggregates resulting from treatment with miuraenamide. We conclude that actin-binding compounds predominantly regulate transcription via their influence on cytoplasmatic G-actin levels, while transcriptional processes relying on intranuclear actin polymerization or functional F-actin networks are not targeted by these compounds at tolerable doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Gegenfurtner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Themistoklis Zisis
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nader Al Danaf
- Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Centre for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Waldemar Schrimpf
- Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Centre for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zane Kliesmete
- Department Biology II, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Department Biology II, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Department Biology II, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Centre for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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32
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Wineland DM, Kelpsch DJ, Tootle TL. Multiple Pools of Nuclear Actin. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2014-2036. [PMID: 30312534 PMCID: PMC6293971 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While nuclear actin was reported ~50 years ago, it's in vivo prevalence and structure remain largely unknown. Here, we use Drosophila oogenesis, that is, follicle development, to characterize nuclear actin. We find that three different reagents-DNase I, anti-actin C4, and anti-actin AC15-recognize distinct pools of nuclear actin. DNase I labels monomeric or G-actin, and, during follicle development, G-actin is present in the nucleus of every cell. Some G-actin is recognized by the C4 antibody. In particular, C4 nuclear actin colocalizes with DNase I to the nucleolus in anterior escort cells, follicle stem cells, some mitotic follicle cells, and a subset of nurse cells during early oogenesis. C4 also labels polymeric nuclear actin in the nucleoplasm of the germline stem cells, early cystoblasts, and oocytes. The AC15 antibody labels a completely distinct pool of nuclear actin from that of DNase I and C4. Specifically, AC15 nuclear actin localizes to the chromatin in the nurse and follicle cells during mid-to-late oogenesis. Within the oocyte, AC15 nuclear actin progresses from localizing to puncta surrounding the DNA, to forming a filamentous cage around the chromosomes. Together these findings reveal that nuclear actin is highly prevalent in vivo, and multiple pools of nuclear actin exist and can be recognized using different reagents. Additionally, our localization studies suggest that nuclear actin may regulate stemness, nucleolar structure and function, transcription, and nuclear structure. Such findings call for further studies to explore the prevalence, diversity, and functions of nuclear actin across tissues and organisms. Anat Rec, 301:2014-2036, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylane M. Wineland
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Daniel J. Kelpsch
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tina L. Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
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33
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Kelpsch DJ, Tootle TL. Nuclear Actin: From Discovery to Function. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1999-2013. [PMID: 30312531 PMCID: PMC6289869 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While actin was discovered in the nucleus over 50 years ago, research lagged for decades due to strong skepticism. The revitalization of research into nuclear actin occurred after it was found that cellular stresses induce the nuclear localization and alter the structure of actin. These studies provided the first hints that actin has a nuclear function. Subsequently, it was established that the nuclear import and export of actin is highly regulated. While the structures of nuclear actin remain unclear, it can function as monomers, polymers, and even rods. Furthermore, even within a given structure, distinct pools of nuclear actin that can be differentially labeled have been identified. Numerous mechanistic studies have uncovered an array of functions for nuclear actin. It regulates the activity of RNA polymerases, as well as specific transcription factors. Actin also modulates the activity of several chromatin remodeling complexes and histone deacetylases, to ultimately impinge on transcriptional programing and DNA damage repair. Further, nuclear actin mediates chromatin movement and organization. It has roles in meiosis and mitosis, and these functions may be functionally conserved from ancient bacterial actin homologs. The structure and integrity of the nuclear envelope and sub-nuclear compartments are also regulated by nuclear actin. Furthermore, nuclear actin contributes to human diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, and myopathies. Here, we explore the early discovery of actin in the nucleus and discuss the forms and functions of nuclear actin in both normal and disease contexts. Anat Rec, 301:1999-2013, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Kelpsch
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tina L. Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Nuclear Actin Polymerized by mDia2 Confines Centromere Movement during CENP-A Loading. iScience 2018; 9:314-327. [PMID: 30448731 PMCID: PMC6240728 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromeres are specialized chromosomal regions epigenetically defined by the histone H3 variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). CENP-A needs to be replenished in every cell cycle, but how new CENP-A is stably incorporated into centromeric chromatin remains unclear. We have discovered that a cytoskeletal protein, diaphanous formin mDia2, is essential for the stable incorporation of new CENP-A proteins into centromeric nucleosomes. Here we report that mDia2-mediated formation of dynamic and short nuclear actin filaments in G1 nucleus is required to maintain CENP-A levels at the centromere. Importantly, mDia2 and nuclear actin are required for constrained centromere movement during CENP-A loading, and depleting nuclear actin or MgcRacGAP, which lies upstream of mDia2, extends centromeric association of the CENP-A loading chaperone Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP). Our findings thus suggest that nuclear actin polymerized by mDia2 contributes to the physical confinement of G1 centromeres so that HJURP-mediated CENP-A loading reactions can be productive, and centromere's epigenetic identity can be stably maintained. Formin mDia2 is required for nuclear actin polymerization at G1 centromeres Nuclear actin polymerization is required to maintain centromeric CENP-A levels mDia2 and nuclear actin restrict centromere movement during CENP-A loading Nuclear actin and MgcRacGAP are required for timely turnover of centromeric HJURP
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Design, synthesis and biological screening of 2-aminobenzamides as selective HDAC3 inhibitors with promising anticancer effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:165-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Klages-Mundt NL, Kumar A, Zhang Y, Kapoor P, Shen X. The Nature of Actin-Family Proteins in Chromatin-Modifying Complexes. Front Genet 2018; 9:398. [PMID: 30319687 PMCID: PMC6167448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is not only one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, but also one of the most versatile. In addition to its familiar involvement in enabling contraction and establishing cellular motility and scaffolding in the cytosol, actin has well-documented roles in a variety of processes within the confines of the nucleus, such as transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Interestingly, monomeric actin as well as actin-related proteins (Arps) are found as stoichiometric subunits of a variety of chromatin remodeling complexes and histone acetyltransferases, raising the question of precisely what roles they serve in these contexts. Actin and Arps are present in unique combinations in chromatin modifiers, helping to establish structural integrity of the complex and enabling a wide range of functions, such as recruiting the complex to nucleosomes to facilitate chromatin remodeling and promoting ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit. Actin and Arps are also thought to help modulate chromatin dynamics and maintain higher-order chromatin structure. Moreover, the presence of actin and Arps in several chromatin modifiers is necessary for promoting genomic integrity and an effective DNA damage response. In this review, we discuss the involvement of actin and Arps in these nuclear complexes that control chromatin remodeling and histone modifications, while also considering avenues for future study to further shed light on their functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeh L Klages-Mundt
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Yuexuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Prabodh Kapoor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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37
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The role of epigenetics in cardiovascular health and ageing: A focus on physical activity and nutrition. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Nuclear actin: ancient clue to evolution in eukaryotes? Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:235-244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xie X, Almuzzaini B, Drou N, Kremb S, Yousif A, Farrants AKÖ, Gunsalus K, Percipalle P. β-Actin-dependent global chromatin organization and gene expression programs control cellular identity. FASEB J 2018; 32:1296-1314. [PMID: 29101221 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700753r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During differentiation and development, cell fate and identity are established by waves of genetic reprogramming. Although the mechanisms are largely unknown, during these events, dynamic chromatin reorganization is likely to ensure that multiple genes involved in the same cellular functions are coregulated, depending on the nuclear environment. In this study, using high-content screening of embryonic fibroblasts from a β-actin knockout (KO) mouse, we found major chromatin rearrangements and changes in histone modifications, such as methylated histone (H)3-lysine-(K)9. Genome-wide H3K9 trimethylation-(Me)3 landscape changes correlate with gene up- and down-regulation in β-actin KO cells. Mechanistically, we found loss of chromatin association by the Brahma-related gene ( Brg)/Brahma-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex subunit Brg1 in the absence of β-actin. This actin-dependent chromatin reorganization was concomitant with the up-regulation of sets of genes involved in angiogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and myofibroblast features in β-actin KO cells. Some of these genes and phenotypes were gained in a β-actin dose-dependent manner. Moreover, reintroducing a nuclear localization signal-containing β-actin in the knockout cells affected nuclear features and gene expression. Our results suggest that, by affecting the genome-wide organization of heterochromatin through the chromatin-binding activity of the BAF complex, β-actin plays an essential role in the determination of gene expression programs and cellular identity.-Xie, X., Almuzzaini, B., Drou, N., Kremb, S., Yousif, A., Östlund Farrants, A.-K., Gunsalus, K., Percipalle, P. β-Actin-dependent global chromatin organization and gene expression programs control cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Medical Genomic Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Drou
- NYUAD Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephan Kremb
- NYUAD Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman Yousif
- NYUAD Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kristin Gunsalus
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,NYUAD Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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40
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Li Y, Tang CB, Kilian KA. Matrix Mechanics Influence Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transition by Directing the Localization of Histone Deacetylase 4. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:405-415. [PMID: 31719870 PMCID: PMC6816600 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-017-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The propagation of mechanochemical signals from the extracellular matrix to the cell nucleus has emerged as a central feature in regulating cellular differentiation and de-differentiation. This process of outside-in signaling and the associated mechanotransduction pathways have been well described in numerous developmental and pathological contexts. However, it remains less clear how mechanotransduction influences the activity of chromatin modifying enzymes that direct gene expression programs. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to explore how matrix mechanics and geometric confinement influence histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in fibroblast culture. METHODS Polyacrylamide hydrogels were formed and functionalized with fibronectin patterns using soft lithography. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured on the islands until confluent, fixed, and immunolabeled for microscopy. RESULTS After 24 h MEFs cultured on soft hydrogels (0.5 kPa) show increased expression of class I HDACs relative to MEFs cultured on stiff hydrogels (100 kPa). A member of the class II family, HDAC4 shows a similar trend; however, there is a pronounced cytoplasmic localization on soft hydrogels suggesting a role in outside-in cytoplasmic signaling. Pharmacological inhibitor studies suggest that the opposing activities of extracellular related kinase 1/2 (ERK) and protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a) influence the localization of HDAC4. MEFs cultured on the soft hydrogels show enhanced expression of markers associated with a fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (Paxillin, αSMA). CONCLUSIONS We show that the phosphorylation state and cellular localization of HDAC4 is influenced by matrix mechanics, with evidence for a role in mechanotransduction and the regulation of gene expression associated with fibroblast-myofibroblast transitions. This work establishes a link between outside-in signaling and epigenetic regulation, which will assist efforts aimed at controlling gene regulation in engineered extracellular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Claire B. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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41
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Blotnick E, Sol A, Muhlrad A. Histones bundle F-actin filaments and affect actin structure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183760. [PMID: 28846729 PMCID: PMC5573295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are small polycationic proteins complexed with DNA located in the cell nucleus. Upon apoptosis they are secreted from the cells and react with extracellular polyanionic compounds. Actin which is a polyanionic protein, is also secreted from necrotic cells and interacts with histones. We showed that both histone mixture (histone type III) and the recombinant H2A histone bundles F-actin, increases the viscosity of the F-actin containing solution and polymerizes G-actin. The histone-actin bundles are relatively insensitive to increase of ionic strength, unlike other polycation, histatin, lysozyme, spermine and LL-37 induced F-actin bundles. The histone-actin bundles dissociate completely only in the presence of 300–400 mM NaCl. DNA, which competes with F-actin for histones, disassembles histone induced actin bundles. DNase1, which depolymerizes F- to G-actin, actively unbundles the H2A histone induced but slightly affects the histone mixture induced actin bundles. Cofilin decreases the amount of F-actin sedimented by low speed centrifugation, increases light scattering and viscosity of F-actin-histone mixture containing solutions and forms star like superstructures by copolymerizing G-actin with H2A histone. The results indicate that histones are tightly attached to F-actin by strong electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. Since both histones and F-actin are present in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis, therefore, the formation of the stable histone-actin bundles can contribute to the pathology of this disease by increasing the viscosity of the sputum. The actin-histone interaction in the nucleus might affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Blotnick
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research-Israel–Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Sol
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andras Muhlrad
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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42
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Pinkaew D, Chattopadhyay A, King MD, Chunhacha P, Liu Z, Stevenson HL, Chen Y, Sinthujaroen P, McDougal OM, Fujise K. Fortilin binds IRE1α and prevents ER stress from signaling apoptotic cell death. Nat Commun 2017; 8:18. [PMID: 28550308 PMCID: PMC5446404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, the cytoplasmic organelle that matures a massive amount of nascent secretory polypeptides, is particularly sensitive to stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes unfolded proteins to populate the organelle, eliciting the unfolded protein response. During the unfolded protein response, GRP78—an endoplasmic reticulum master stress regulator—detaches from three endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors (IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6) and allows them to activate the apoptotic signaling pathway. Fortilin, a pro-survival molecule, is known to inhibit apoptosis by binding and inhibiting p53, but its role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we report that fortilin directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of IRE1α, inhibits both kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities of the stress sensor, and protects cells against apoptotic cell death at both cellular and whole animal levels. Our data support a role of fortilin in the unfolded protein response and its potential participation in human diseases caused by unfolded protein response. IRE1α is an ER stress sensor, whose activity induces apoptosis. Here, the authors report that fortilin, a pro-survival factor, with yet unknown roles in ER stress, interacts with active IRE1α, inhibits both its kinase end RNase activities, and protects cells from apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pinkaew
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Preedakorn Chunhacha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,The Institute of Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Patuma Sinthujaroen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Owen M McDougal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Ken Fujise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. .,The Institute of Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
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Serebryannyy LA, Yemelyanov A, Gottardi CJ, de Lanerolle P. Nuclear α-catenin mediates the DNA damage response via β-catenin and nuclear actin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1717-1729. [PMID: 28348105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin is an F-actin-binding protein widely recognized for its role in cell-cell adhesion. However, a growing body of literature indicates that α-catenin is also a nuclear protein. In this study, we show that α-catenin is able to modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage and toxicity. Furthermore, nuclear α-catenin is actively recruited to sites of DNA damage. This recruitment occurs in a β-catenin-dependent manner and requires nuclear actin polymerization. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the WNT-mediated regulation of the DNA damage response and suggest a novel role for the α-catenin-β-catenin complex in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Misu S, Takebayashi M, Miyamoto K. Nuclear Actin in Development and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Front Genet 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28326098 PMCID: PMC5339334 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a highly abundant protein in eukaryotic cells and dynamically changes its polymerized states with the help of actin-binding proteins. Its critical function as a constituent of cytoskeleton has been well-documented. Growing evidence demonstrates that actin is also present in nuclei, referred to as nuclear actin, and is involved in a number of nuclear processes, including transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. The contribution of nuclear actin to transcriptional regulation can be explained by its direct interaction with transcription machineries and chromatin remodeling factors and by controlling the activities of transcription factors. In both cases, polymerized states of nuclear actin affect the transcriptional outcome. Nuclear actin also plays an important role in activating strongly silenced genes in somatic cells for transcriptional reprogramming. When these nuclear functions of actin are considered, it is plausible to speculate that nuclear actin is also implicated in embryonic development, in which numerous genes need to be activated in a well-coordinated manner. In this review, we especially focus on nuclear actin's roles in transcriptional activation, reprogramming and development, including stem cell differentiation and we discuss how nuclear actin can be an important player in development and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Misu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University Kinokawa-shi, Japan
| | - Marina Takebayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University Kinokawa-shi, Japan
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University Kinokawa-shi, Japan
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45
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Diverse functions for different forms of nuclear actin. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 46:33-38. [PMID: 28092729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its essential roles as part of the cytoskeleton, actin has also been linked to many processes in the nucleus. Recent data has demonstrated the presence of both monomeric and polymeric actin in the nucleus, and implied distinct functional roles for these actin pools. Monomeric actin seems to be involved in regulation of gene expression through transcription factors, chromatin regulating complexes and RNA polymerases. In addition to cytoplasmic actin regulators, nuclear proteins, such as emerin, can regulate actin polymerization properties specifically in this compartment. Besides of structural roles, nuclear actin filaments may be required for organizing the nuclear contents and for the maintenance of genomic integrity.
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46
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Halsall JA, Turner BM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer therapy: An evolutionarily ancient resistance response may explain their limited success. Bioessays 2016; 38:1102-1110. [PMID: 27717012 PMCID: PMC5091640 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are in clinical trials against a variety of cancers. Despite early successes, results against the more common solid tumors have been mixed. How is it that so many cancers, and most normal cells, tolerate the disruption caused by HDACi-induced protein hyperacetylation? And why are a few cancers so sensitive? Here we discuss recent results showing that human cells mount a coordinated transcriptional response to HDACi that mitigates their toxic effects. We present a hypothetical signaling system that could trigger and mediate this response. To account for the existence of such a response, we note that HDACi of various chemical types are made by a variety of organisms to kill or suppress competitors. We suggest that the resistance response in human cells is a necessary evolutionary consequence of exposure to environmental HDACi. We speculate that cancers sensitive to HDACi are those in which the resistance response has been compromised by mutation. Identifying such mutations will allow targeting of HDACi therapy to potentially susceptible cancers. Also see the video abstract here.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Halsall
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bryan M Turner
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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47
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Serebryannyy LA, Yuen M, Parilla M, Cooper ST, de Lanerolle P. The Effects of Disease Models of Nuclear Actin Polymerization on the Nucleus. Front Physiol 2016; 7:454. [PMID: 27774069 PMCID: PMC5053997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin plays a crucial role in regulating multiple processes within the nucleus, including transcription and chromatin organization. However, the polymerization state of nuclear actin remains controversial, and there is no evidence for persistent actin filaments in a normal interphase nucleus. Further, several disease pathologies are characterized by polymerization of nuclear actin into stable filaments or rods. These include filaments that stain with phalloidin, resulting from point mutations in skeletal α-actin, detected in the human skeletal disease intranuclear rod myopathy, and cofilin/actin rods that form in response to cellular stressors like heatshock. To further elucidate the effects of these pathological actin structures, we examined the nucleus in both cell culture models as well as isolated human tissues. We find these actin structures alter the distribution of both RNA polymerase II and chromatin. Our data suggest that nuclear actin filaments result in disruption of nuclear organization, which may contribute to the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michaela Yuen
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Parilla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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48
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Serebryannyy LA, Parilla M, Annibale P, Cruz CM, Laster K, Gratton E, Kudryashov D, Kosak ST, Gottardi CJ, de Lanerolle P. Persistent nuclear actin filaments inhibit transcription by RNA polymerase II. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3412-25. [PMID: 27505898 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.195867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is abundant in the nucleus and it is clear that nuclear actin has important functions. However, mystery surrounds the absence of classical actin filaments in the nucleus. To address this question, we investigated how polymerizing nuclear actin into persistent nuclear actin filaments affected transcription by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear filaments impaired nuclear actin dynamics by polymerizing and sequestering nuclear actin. Polymerizing actin into stable nuclear filaments disrupted the interaction of actin with RNA polymerase II and correlated with impaired RNA polymerase II localization, dynamics, gene recruitment, and reduced global transcription and cell proliferation. Polymerizing and crosslinking nuclear actin in vitro similarly disrupted the actin-RNA-polymerase-II interaction and inhibited transcription. These data rationalize the general absence of stable actin filaments in mammalian somatic nuclei. They also suggest a dynamic pool of nuclear actin is required for the proper localization and activity of RNA polymerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Megan Parilla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christina M Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kyle Laster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dmitri Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven T Kosak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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