1
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Fan S, Lopez Llorens L, Perona Martinez FP, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radical Generation in Mitochondria of Human Keratinocytes during UVB Exposure. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2440-2446. [PMID: 38743437 PMCID: PMC11129351 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to cause skin issues, such as dryness, aging, and even cancer. Among UV rays, UVB stands out for its ability to trigger problems within cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Free radicals are implicated in these cellular responses, but they are challenging to measure due to their short lifetime and limited diffusion range. In our study, we used a quantum sensing technique (T1 relaxometry) involving fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) that change their optical properties in response to magnetic noise. This allowed us to monitor the free radical presence in real time. To measure radicals near mitochondria, we coated FNDs with antibodies, targeting mitochondrial protein voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (anti-VDAC2). Our findings revealed a dynamic rise in radical levels on the mitochondrial membrane as cells were exposed to UVB (3 J/cm2), with a significant increase observed after 17 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fan
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lluna Lopez Llorens
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe P Perona Martinez
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Cavinato M, Martic I, Wedel S, Pittl A, Koziel R, Weinmmüllner R, Schosserer M, Jenewein B, Bobbili MR, Arcalis E, Haybaeck J, Pierer G, Ploner C, Hermann M, Romani N, Schmuth M, Grillari J, Jansen-Dürr P. Elimination of damaged mitochondria during UVB-induced senescence is orchestrated by NIX-dependent mitophagy. Aging Cell 2024:e14186. [PMID: 38761001 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is the result of two types of aging, "intrinsic aging" an inevitable consequence of physiologic and genetically determined changes and "extrinsic aging," which is dependent on external factors such as exposure to sunlight, smoking, and dietary habits. UVB causes skin injury through the generation of free radicals and other oxidative byproducts, also contributing to DNA damage. Appearance and accumulation of senescent cells in the skin are considered one of the hallmarks of aging in this tissue. Mitochondria play an important role for the development of cellular senescence, in particular stress-induced senescence of human cells. However, many aspects of mitochondrial physiology relevant to cellular senescence and extrinsic skin aging remain to be unraveled. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondria damaged by UVB irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) are eliminated by NIX-dependent mitophagy and that this process is important for cell survival under these conditions. Additionally, UVB-irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) induces the shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and this process is significantly enhanced in UVB-irradiated NIX-depleted cells. Our findings establish NIX as the main mitophagy receptor in the process of UVB-induced senescence and suggest the release of EVs as an alternative mechanism of mitochondrial quality control in HDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavinato
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ines Martic
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Wedel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annabella Pittl
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rafal Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Regina Weinmmüllner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsa Arcalis
- Institut für Pflanzenbiotechnologie und Zellbiologie, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Saint Vincent Hospital Zams, Zams, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Labor Team, Goldach, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Ploner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Kim HJ, Jin SP, Kang J, Bae SH, Son JB, Oh JH, Youn H, Kim SK, Kang KW, Chung JH. Uncovering the impact of UV radiation on mitochondria in dermal cells: a STED nanoscopy study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8675. [PMID: 38622160 PMCID: PMC11018800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in cellular energy metabolism and other cellular functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to cellular damage and can potentially contribute to the aging process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the subcellular structure of mitochondria and their activities in various cellular environments using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. We examined the morphological dispersion of mitochondria below the diffraction limit in sub-cultured human primary skin fibroblasts and mouse skin tissues. Confocal microscopy provides only the overall morphology of the mitochondrial membrane and an indiscerptible location of nucleoids within the diffraction limit. Conversely, super-resolution STED nanoscopy allowed us to resolve the nanoscale distribution of translocase clusters on the mitochondrial outer membrane and accurately quantify the number of nucleoids per cell in each sample. Comparable results were obtained by analyzing the translocase distribution in the mouse tissues. Furthermore, we precisely and quantitatively analyzed biomolecular distribution in nucleoids, such as the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), using STED nanoscopy. Our findings highlight the efficacy of super-resolution fluorescence imaging in quantifying aging-related changes on the mitochondrial sub-structure in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Bae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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4
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Charrasse S, Racine V, Saint-Omer C, Poquillon T, Lionnard L, Ledru M, Gonindard C, Delaunois S, Kissa K, Frye RE, Pastore M, Reynes C, Frechet M, Chajra H, Aouacheria A. Quantitative imaging and semiotic phenotyping of mitochondrial network morphology in live human cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301372. [PMID: 38547143 PMCID: PMC10977735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in tissue homeostasis, stress responses and human diseases, combined to their ability to transition between various structural and functional states, makes them excellent organelles for monitoring cell health. There is therefore a need for technologies to accurately analyze and quantify changes in mitochondrial organization in a variety of cells and cellular contexts. Here we present an innovative computerized method that enables accurate, multiscale, fast and cost-effective analysis of mitochondrial shape and network architecture from confocal fluorescence images by providing more than thirty features. In order to facilitate interpretation of the quantitative results, we introduced two innovations: the use of Kiviat-graphs (herein named MitoSpider plots) to present highly multidimensional data and visualization of the various mito-cellular configurations in the form of morphospace diagrams (called MitoSigils). We tested our fully automated image analysis tool on rich datasets gathered from live normal human skin cells cultured under basal conditions or exposed to specific stress including UVB irradiation and pesticide exposure. We demonstrated the ability of our proprietary software (named MitoTouch) to sensitively discriminate between control and stressed dermal fibroblasts, and between normal fibroblasts and other cell types (including cancer tissue-derived fibroblasts and primary keratinocytes), showing that our automated analysis captures subtle differences in morphology. Based on this novel algorithm, we report the identification of a protective natural ingredient that mitigates the deleterious impact of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on mitochondrial organization. Hence we conceived a novel wet-plus-dry pipeline combining cell cultures, quantitative imaging and semiotic analysis for exhaustive analysis of mitochondrial morphology in living adherent cells. Our tool has potential for broader applications in other research areas such as cell biology and medicine, high-throughput drug screening as well as predictive and environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Saint-Omer
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Poquillon
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- QuantaCell SAS, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Lionnard
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Ledru
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Karima Kissa
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard E. Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, United States America
| | - Manuela Pastore
- STATABIO BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Reynes
- STATABIO BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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5
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Klein B, Reynolds MB, Xu B, Gharaee-Kermani M, Gao Y, Berthier CC, Henning S, Loftus SN, McNeely KE, Victory AM, Dobry C, Hile GA, Ma F, Turnier JL, Gudjonsson JE, O’Riordan MX, Kahlenberg JM. Epidermal ZBP1 stabilizes mitochondrial Z-DNA to drive UV-induced IFN signaling in autoimmune photosensitivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576771. [PMID: 38328232 PMCID: PMC10849619 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Photosensitivity is observed in numerous autoimmune diseases and drives poor quality of life and disease flares. Elevated epidermal type I interferon (IFN) production primes for photosensitivity and enhanced inflammation, but the substrates that sustain and amplify this cycle remain undefined. Here, we show that IFN-induced Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) stabilizes ultraviolet (UV)B-induced cytosolic Z-DNA derived from oxidized mitochondrial DNA. ZBP1 is significantly upregulated in the epidermis of adult and pediatric patients with autoimmune photosensitivity. Strikingly, lupus keratinocytes accumulate extensive cytosolic Z-DNA after UVB, and transfection of keratinocytes with Z-DNA results in stronger IFN production through cGAS-STING activation compared to B-DNA. ZBP1 knockdown abrogates UV-induced IFN responses, whereas overexpression results in a lupus-like phenotype with spontaneous Z-DNA accumulation and IFN production. Our results highlight Z-DNA and ZBP1 as critical mediators for UVB-induced inflammation and uncover how type I IFNs prime for cutaneous inflammation in photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mack B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Bin Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yiqing Gao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Celine C. Berthier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Svenja Henning
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Shannon N. Loftus
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Kelsey E. McNeely
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Amanda M. Victory
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Craig Dobry
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Grace A. Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jessica L. Turnier
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Mary X. O’Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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6
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Lin Y, Ding Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, Xiang L, Zhang C. The underestimated role of mitochondria in vitiligo: From oxidative stress to inflammation and cell death. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14856. [PMID: 37338012 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disorder characterized by the depletion of melanocytes in the skin. Mitochondria shoulder multiple functions in cells, such as production of ATP, maintenance of redox balance, initiation of inflammation and regulation of cell death. Increasing evidence has implicated the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Mitochondria alteration will cause the abnormalities of mitochondria functions mentioned above, ultimately leading to melanocyte loss through various cell death modes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in mitochondrial homeostasis, and the downregulation of Nrf2 in vitiligo may correlate with mitochondria damage, making both mitochondria and Nrf2 promising targets in treatment of vitiligo. In this review, we aim to discuss the alterations of mitochondria and its role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecen Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Charrasse S, Poquillon T, Saint-Omer C, Pastore M, Bordignon B, Frye RE, Reynes C, Racine V, Aouacheria A. Quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology relevant for studies on cellular health and environmental toxicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5609-5619. [PMID: 38047232 PMCID: PMC10690410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that play crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, calcium signaling and apoptosis. Their importance in tissue homeostasis and stress responses, combined to their ability to transition between various structural and functional states, make them excellent organelles for monitoring cellular health. Quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology can therefore provide valuable insights into environmentally-induced cell damage. High-content screening (HCS) provides a powerful tool for analyzing organelles and cellular substructures. We developed a fully automated and miniaturized HCS wet-plus-dry pipeline (MITOMATICS) exploiting mitochondrial morphology as a marker for monitoring cellular health or damage. MITOMATICS uses an in-house, proprietary software (MitoRadar) to enable fast, exhaustive and cost-effective analysis of mitochondrial morphology and its inherent diversity in live cells. We applied our pipeline and big data analytics software to assess the mitotoxicity of selected chemicals, using the mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP as an internal control. Six different pesticides (inhibiting complexes I, II and III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) were tested as individual compounds and five other pesticides present locally in Occitanie (Southern France) were assessed in combination to determine acute mitotoxicity. Our results show that the assayed pesticides exhibit specific signatures when used as single compounds or chemical mixtures and that they function synergistically to impact mitochondrial architecture. Study of environment-induced mitochondrial damage has the potential to open new fields in mechanistic toxicology, currently underexplored by regulatory toxicology and exposome research. Such exploration could inform health policy guidelines and foster pharmacological intervention, water, air and soil pollution control and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Poquillon
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- QuantaCell SAS, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Saint-Omer
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuela Pastore
- STATABIO BioCampus, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christelle Reynes
- STATABIO BioCampus, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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8
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Zhao Y, Gao C, Pan X, Lei K. Emerging roles of mitochondria in animal regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 37142814 PMCID: PMC10160293 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration capacity after an injury is critical to the survival of living organisms. In animals, regeneration ability can be classified into five primary types: cellular, tissue, organ, structure, and whole-body regeneration. Multiple organelles and signaling pathways are involved in the processes of initiation, progression, and completion of regeneration. Mitochondria, as intracellular signaling platforms of pleiotropic functions in animals, have recently gained attention in animal regeneration. However, most studies to date have focused on cellular and tissue regeneration. A mechanistic understanding of the mitochondrial role in large-scale regeneration is unclear. Here, we reviewed findings related to mitochondrial involvement in animal regeneration. We outlined the evidence of mitochondrial dynamics across different animal models. Moreover, we emphasized the impact of defects and perturbation in mitochondria resulting in regeneration failure. Ultimately, we discussed the regulation of aging by mitochondria in animal regeneration and recommended this for future study. We hope this review will serve as a means to advocate for more mechanistic studies of mitochondria related to animal regeneration on different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
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9
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Zhang C, Gao X, Li M, Yu X, Huang F, Wang Y, Yan Y, Zhang H, Shi Y, He X. The role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in skin aging: Focus on mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101917. [PMID: 36972842 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and the first line of defense against environmental hazards. Many factors, including internal factors such as natural aging and external factors such as ultraviolet radiation and air pollution, can lead to skin aging. Mitochondria provide sufficient energy to maintain the high-speed turnover capacity of the skin, so the quality control of mitochondria plays an indispensable role in this process. Mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are the key steps in mitochondrial quality surveillance. They are coordinated to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and restore damaged mitochondrial function. All of the mitochondrial quality control processes are related to skin aging caused by various factors. Therefore, fine-tuning regulation of the above process is of great significance to the skin aging problem that needs to be solved urgently. This article mainly reviews the physiological and environmental factors causing skin aging, the effects of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy on skin aging, as well as their specific regulatory mechanisms. Finally, mitochondrial biomarkers for diagnosis of skin aging, and therapeutic approaches of skin aging via mitochondrial quality control were illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Minghe Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fanke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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10
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Xie L, Song Y, Petersen K, Solhaug KA, Lind OC, Brede DA, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Ultraviolet B modulates gamma radiation-induced stress responses in Lemna minor at multiple levels of biological organisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157457. [PMID: 35868377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation may co-occur and pose cumulative hazards to biota. However, the combined effects and underlying toxicity mechanisms of different types of radiation in aquatic plants remain poorly understood. The present study aims to demonstrate how different combined toxicity prediction approaches can collectively characterise how chronic (7 days) exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (0.5 W m-2) modulates gamma (γ) radiation (14.9, 19.5, 43.6 mGy h-1) induced stress responses in the macrophyte Lemna minor. A suite of bioassays was applied to quantify stress responses at multiple levels of biological organisation. The combined effects (no-enhancement, additivity, synergism, antagonism) were determined by two-way analysis of variance (2 W-ANOVA) and a modified Independent Action (IA) model. The toxicological responses and the potential causality between stressors were further visualised by a network of toxicity pathways. The results showed that γ-radiation or UVB alone induced oxidative stress and programmed cell death (PCD) as well as impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and photosystem II (PSII) activity in L. minor. γ-radiation also activated antioxidant responses, DNA damage repair and chlorophyll metabolism, and inhibited growth at higher dose rates (≥20 mGy h-1). When co-exposed, UVB predominantly caused non-interaction (no-enhancement or additive) effects on γ-radiation-induced antioxidant gene expression, energy quenching in PSII and growth for all dose rates, whereas antagonistic effects were observed for lipid peroxidation, OXPHOS, PCD, oxidative stress, chlorophyll metabolism and genes involved in DNA damage responses. Synergistic effects were observed for changes in photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme genes (GST) at one or more dose rates, while synergistic reproductive inhibition occurred at all three γ-radiation dose rates. The present study provides mechanistic knowledge, quantitative understanding and novel analytical strategies to decipher combined effects across levels of biological organisation, which should facilitate future cumulative hazard assessments of multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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11
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Gupta D, Archoo S, Naikoo SH, Abdullah ST. Rosmarinic Acid: A Naturally Occurring Plant Based Agent Prevents Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics and Apoptosis in Ultraviolet-B-Irradiated Human Skin Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:925-934. [PMID: 34608633 DOI: 10.1111/php.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the leading cause of premature skin aging and skin cancer. UVB mediated mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as one of the causative factors of UVB induced oxidative imbalance and apoptosis. Here, we report that UVB leads to mitochondrial fragmentation by causing imbalance in the markers regulating mitochondrial dynamics, which further contributes to ROS imbalance and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signals. Several studies have demonstrated natural products as inhibitors of mitochondrial fission. However, to our knowledge, not much evidence has been gathered regarding utilization of Rosmarinic acid (RA) against UVB orchestrated mitochondrial fragmentation responses. Thus, in our study, we present the evidence of the efficacy of RA as a modulator of mitochondrial dynamics in UVB irradiated skin cells to prevent oxidative imbalance and apoptosis thereby preventing UVB induced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sajida Archoo
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shahid Hussain Naikoo
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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12
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He H, Xiong L, Jian L, Li L, Wu Y, Qiao S. Role of mitochondria on UV-induced skin damage and molecular mechanisms of active chemical compounds targeting mitochondria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 232:112464. [PMID: 35597147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the principal place of energy metabolism and ROS production, leading to mtDNA being especially sensitive to the impacts of oxidative stress. Our review aims to elucidate and update the mechanisms of mitochondria in UV-induced skin damage. The mitochondrial deteriorative response to UV manifests morphological and functional alterations, including mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitophagy. Additionally, we conclude the effect and molecular mechanisms of active chemical components to protect skin from UV-induced damage via mitochondrial protection which have been described in the last five years, showing prospective prospects in cosmetics as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Linge Jian
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangman Li
- Orthopedics Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
| | - Shuai Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Valerio HP, Ravagnani FG, Yaya Candela AP, Dias Carvalho da Costa B, Ronsein GE, Di Mascio P. Spatial proteomics reveals subcellular reorganization in human keratinocytes exposed to UVA light. iScience 2022; 25:104093. [PMID: 35372811 PMCID: PMC8971936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of UV light on the skin have been extensively investigated. However, systematic information about how the exposure to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light, the least energetic but the most abundant UV radiation reaching the Earth, shapes the subcellular organization of proteins is lacking. Using subcellular fractionation, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, machine learning algorithms, immunofluorescence, and functional assays, we mapped the subcellular reorganization of the proteome of human keratinocytes in response to UVA light. Our workflow quantified and assigned subcellular localization for over 1,600 proteins, of which about 200 were found to redistribute upon UVA exposure. Reorganization of the proteome affected modulators of signaling pathways, cellular metabolism, and DNA damage response. Strikingly, mitochondria were identified as one of the main targets of UVA-induced stress. Further investigation demonstrated that UVA induces mitochondrial fragmentation, up-regulates redox-responsive proteins, and attenuates respiratory rates. These observations emphasize the role of this radiation as a potent metabolic stressor in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Paula Valerio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gustavo Ravagnani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Angela Paola Yaya Candela
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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14
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Wikramanayake TC, Chéret J, Sevilla A, Birch-Machin M, Paus R. Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: Beyond oxidative damage and skin aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:233-259. [PMID: 35249436 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2049756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of the role of the mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is a significant aspect of dermatological research. Mitochondria generate most reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, excessive ROS are cytotoxic and DNA-damaging and promote (photo-)aging. ROS also possesses key physiological and regulatory functions and mitochondrial dysfunction is prominent in several skin diseases including skin cancers. Although many standard dermatotherapeutics modulate mitochondrial function, dermatological therapy rarely targets the mitochondria. Accordingly, there is a rationale for "mitochondrial dermatology"-based approaches to be applied to therapeutic research. AREAS COVERED This paper examines the functions of mitochondria in cutaneous physiology beyond energy (ATP) and ROS production. Keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier maintenance, appendage morphogenesis and homeostasis, photoaging and skin cancer are considered. Based on related PubMed search results, the paper evaluates thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D3 derivatives, retinoids, cannabinoid receptor agonists, PPARγ agonists, thyrotropin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone as instructive lead compounds. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein MPZL3 as a promising new drug target for future "mitochondrial dermatology" is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Future dermatological therapeutic research should have a mitochondrial medicine emphasis. Focusing on selected lead agents, protein targets, in silico drug design, and model diseases will fertilize a mito-centric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and The UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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15
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Frye RE, Lionnard L, Singh I, Karim MA, Chajra H, Frechet M, Kissa K, Racine V, Ammanamanchi A, McCarty PJ, Delhey L, Tippett M, Rose S, Aouacheria A. Mitochondrial morphology is associated with respiratory chain uncoupling in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:527. [PMID: 34645790 PMCID: PMC8514530 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with unique changes in mitochondrial metabolism, including elevated respiration rates and morphological alterations. We examined electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity in fibroblasts derived from 18 children with ASD as well as mitochondrial morphology measurements in fibroblasts derived from the ASD participants and four typically developing controls. In ASD participants, symptoms severity was measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale and Aberrant Behavior Checklist. Mixed-model regression demonstrated that alterations in mitochondrial morphology were associated with both ETC Complex I+III and IV activity as well as the difference between ETC Complex I+III and IV activity. The subgroup of ASD participants with relative elevation in Complex IV activity demonstrated more typical mitochondrial morphology and milder ASD related symptoms. This study is limited by sample size given the invasive nature of obtaining fibroblasts from children. Furthermore, since mitochondrial function is heterogenous across tissues, the result may be specific to fibroblast respiration. Previous studies have separately described elevated ETC Complex IV activity and changes in mitochondrial morphology in cells derived from children with ASD but this is the first study to link these two findings in mitochondrial metabolism. The association between a difference in ETC complex I+III and IV activity and normal morphology suggests that mitochondrial in individuals with ASD may require ETC uncoupling to function optimally. Further studies should assess the molecular mechanisms behind these unique metabolic changes.Trial registration: Protocols used in this study were registered in clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02000284 and NCT02003170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Loïc Lionnard
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, UM, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Indrapal Singh
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad A Karim
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hanane Chajra
- Clariant Active ingredients, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Mathilde Frechet
- Clariant Active ingredients, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Karima Kissa
- LPHI, CNRS, INSERM, Emergence of Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Cancer, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, 2 allée du Doyen Georges Brus, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Amrit Ammanamanchi
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick John McCarty
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marie Tippett
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, UM, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 05, France
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16
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Gupta D, Abdullah TS. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in skin: role in pathophysiology. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:541-547. [PMID: 34363608 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a dynamic interface between the external environment and internal organs. It has high turnover that allows the renewal of dead skin cells, thus maintaining a healthy skin homeostasis. Mitochondria fulfills all the energy needs for these cells. In addition, mitochondria are an active source of free radicals that have been determined as crucially important in skin health and disease. The common notion of limited role of mitochondria as merely the cellular powerhouse has drastically changed. Several extracellular stressors have proved to induce impairment in the dynamic properties of mitochondria such as fusion and fission, which further leads to an activation of selective autophagic response known as mitophagy. Altered mitochondrial dynamics have been lately associated with skin photodamage and cutaneous manifestations of several diseased states, thereby suggesting it to be an effective therapeutic target. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved with impaired mitochondrial dynamics and its potential role in skin health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tasduq S Abdullah
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Nakamura S, Hagihara S, Otomo K, Ishida H, Hidema J, Nemoto T, Izumi M. Autophagy Contributes to the Quality Control of Leaf Mitochondria. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:229-247. [PMID: 33355344 PMCID: PMC8112837 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In autophagy, cytoplasmic components of eukaryotic cells are transported to lysosomes or the vacuole for degradation. Autophagy is involved in plant tolerance to the photooxidative stress caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, but its roles in plant adaptation to UVB damage have not been fully elucidated. Here, we characterized organellar behavior in UVB-damaged Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves and observed the occurrence of autophagic elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy. Notably, Arabidopsis plants blocked in autophagy displayed increased leaf chlorosis after a 1-h UVB exposure compared to wild-type plants. We visualized autophagosomes by labeling with a fluorescent protein-tagged autophagosome marker, AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8), and found that a 1-h UVB treatment led to increased formation of autophagosomes and the active transport of mitochondria into the central vacuole. In atg mutant plants, the mitochondrial population increased in UVB-damaged leaves due to the cytoplasmic accumulation of fragmented, depolarized mitochondria. Furthermore, we observed that autophagy was involved in the removal of depolarized mitochondria when mitochondrial function was disrupted by mutation of the FRIENDLY gene, which is required for proper mitochondrial distribution. Therefore, autophagy of mitochondria functions in response to mitochondrion-specific dysfunction as well as UVB damage. Together, these results indicate that autophagy is centrally involved in mitochondrial quality control in Arabidopsis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuya Nakamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLs), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Study (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLs), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Study (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020 Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 322-0012 Japan
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18
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Nakamura S, Hagihara S, Izumi M. Mitophagy in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129916. [PMID: 33932484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in primary metabolism in plants as well as in heterotrophic eukaryotes. Plants must control the quality and number of mitochondria in response to a changing environment, across cell types and developmental stages. Mitophagy is defined as the degradation of mitochondria by autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved system for the removal and recycling of intracellular components. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of mitophagy in plant stress responses. This review article summarizes our current knowledge of plant mitophagy and discusses the underlying mechanisms. In plants, chloroplasts cooperate with mitochondria for energy production, and autophagy also targets chloroplasts through a process known as chlorophagy. Advances in plant autophagy studies now allow a comparative analysis of the autophagic turnover of mitochondria and chloroplasts, via the selective degradation of their soluble proteins, fragments, or entire organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuya Nakamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan.
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19
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Atalay S, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Protective Effects of Cannabidiol on the Membrane Proteome of UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:402. [PMID: 33800305 PMCID: PMC8001542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation contained in sunlight disturbs the redox state of skin cells, leading to changes in the structures and functions of macromolecules including components of biological membranes. Cannabidiol (CBD), which accumulates in biomembranes, may be a promising protective antioxidant compound. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of short-term (24 h) and long-term (48 h) CBD application on the proteomic profile of biological membranes in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. The data obtained show that UVB radiation quantitatively and qualitatively modified cell membrane proteins, with a particular research focus on adducts of proteins with the lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) or 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). CBD application reduced the UVB-enhanced level of these protein adducts. This was particularly notable amongst proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, CBD dramatically increased the UVB-induced expression of proteins involved in the regulation of protein translation and cell proliferation (S3a/L13a/L7a ribosomal proteins), the inflammatory response (S100/S100-A6 proteins), and maintenance of redox balance (peroxiredoxin-1, carbonyl reductase 1, and aldo-keto reductase family 1 members). In contrast, CBD effects on the level of 4-HNE-protein adducts involved in the antioxidant response and proteasomal degradation process indicate that CBD may protect keratinocytes in connection with protein catabolism processes or pro-apoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (S.A.); (A.G.)
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Vieyra-Garcia PA, Wolf P. A deep dive into UV-based phototherapy: Mechanisms of action and emerging molecular targets in inflammation and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107784. [PMID: 33316286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-based phototherapy (including psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), UVB and UVA1) has a long, successful history in the management of numerous cutaneous disorders. Photoresponsive diseases are etiologically diverse, but most involve disturbances in local (and occasionally systemic) inflammatory cells and/or abnormalities in keratinocytes that trigger inflammation. UV-based phototherapy works by regulating the inflammatory component and inducing apoptosis of pathogenic cells. This results in a fascinating and complex network of simultaneous events-immediate transcriptional changes in keratinocytes, immune cells, and pigment cells; the emergence of apoptotic bodies; and the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells in skin-that quickly transform the microenvironment of UV-exposed skin. Molecular elements in this system of UV recognition and response include chromophores, metabolic byproducts, innate immune receptors, neurotransmitters and mediators such as chemokines and cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like molecules that simultaneously shape the immunomodulatory effects of UV and their interplay with the microbiota of the skin and beyond. Phototherapy's key effects-proapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antipruritic, antifibrotic, propigmentary, and pro-prebiotic-promote clinical improvement in various skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), vitiligo, scleroderma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as well as prevention of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). As understanding of phototherapy improves, new therapies (UV- and non-UV-based) are being developed that will modify regulatory T-cells (Treg), interact with (resident) memory T-cells and /or utilize agonists and antagonists as well as antibodies targeting soluble molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, and a variety of membrane-associated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
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21
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Dündar G, Teranishi M, Hidema J. Autophagy-deficient Arabidopsis mutant atg5, which shows ultraviolet-B sensitivity, cannot remove ultraviolet-B-induced fragmented mitochondria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1717-1729. [PMID: 33237047 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria damaged by ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm) are removed by mitophagy, a selective autophagic process. Recently, we demonstrated that autophagy-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants exhibit a UV-B-sensitive phenotype like that of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-specific photolyase (PHR1)-deficient mutants. To explore the relationship between UV-B sensitivity and autophagy in UV-B-damaged plants, we monitored mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in wild-type Arabidopsis (ecotype Columbia); an autophagy-deficient mutant, atg5; a PHR1-deficient mutant, phr1; an atg5 phr1 double mutant; and AtPHR1-overexpressing (AtPHR1ox) plants following high-dose UV-B exposure (1.5 W m-2 for 1 h). At 10 h after exposure, the number of mitochondria per mesophyll leaf cell was increased and the volumes of individual mitochondria were decreased independently of UV-B-induced CPD accumulation in all genotypes. At 24 h after exposure, the mitochondrial number had recovered or almost recovered to pre-exposure levels in plants with functional autophagy (WT, phr1, and AtPHR1ox), but had increased even further in atg5. This suggested that the high dose of UV-B led to the inactivation and fragmentation of mitochondria, which were removed by mitophagy activated by UV-B. The UV-B-sensitive phenotype of the atg5 phr1 double mutant was more severe than that of atg5 or phr1. In wild-type, phr1, and AtPHR1ox plants, autophagy-related genes were strongly expressed following UV-B exposure independently of UV-B-induced CPD accumulation. Therefore, mitophagy might be one of the important repair mechanisms for UV-B-induced damage. The severe UV-B-sensitive phenotype of atg5 phr1 is likely an additive effect of deficiencies in independent machineries for UV-B protection, autophagy, and CPD photorepair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Dündar
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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22
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Computational image analysis reveals the structural complexity of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234169. [PMID: 32810131 PMCID: PMC7444489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite infecting up to one third of the human population. The central event in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis is the conversion of tachyzoites into encysted bradyzoites. A novel approach to analyze the structure of in vivo-derived tissue cysts may be the increasingly used computational image analysis. The objective of this study was to quantify the geometrical complexity of T. gondii cysts by morphological, particle, and fractal analysis, as well as to determine if it is impacted by parasite strain, cyst age, and host type. A total of 31 images of T. gondii brain cysts of four type-2 strains (Me49, and local isolates BGD1, BGD14, and BGD26) was analyzed using ImageJ software. The parameters of interest included diameter, circularity, packing density (PD), fractal dimension (FD), and lacunarity. Although cyst diameter varied widely, its negative correlation with PD was observed. Circularity was remarkably close to 1, indicating a perfectly round shape of the cysts. PD and FD did not vary among cysts of different strains, age, and derived from mice of different genetic background. Conversely, lacunarity, which is a measure of heterogeneity, was significantly lower for BGD1 strain vs. all other strains, and higher for Me49 vs. BGD14 and BGD26, but did not differ among Me49 cysts of different age, or those derived from genetically different mice. The results indicate a highly uniform structure and occupancy of the different T. gondii tissue cysts. This study furthers the use of image analysis in describing the structural complexity of T. gondii cyst morphology, and presents the first application of fractal analysis for this purpose. The presented results show that use of a freely available software is a cost-effective approach to advance automated image scoring for T. gondii cysts.
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Yanagi T, Kitamura S, Imafuku K, Suto A, Maeda T, Tanaka S, Sesaki H, Abe R, Shimizu H. Loss of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) does not affect epidermal development or UVB-induced apoptosis but does accelerate UVB-induced carcinogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 99:109-118. [PMID: 32636049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial morphology is controlled by fission and fusion. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, dynamin-1-like protein (Dnml1)) regulates mitochondrial fission, which is associated with cell division and apoptosis. We previously reported that DRP1 is indispensable for cell growth in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, little is known about Drp1 in normal epidermis/keratinocytes. OBJECTIVES We investigated the function of Drp1 in normal epidermis/keratinocytes. METHODS Epidermis-specific Drp1 knockout (EKO) mice were analyzed. RESULTS Epidermal development in the EKO mice were indistinguishable from those in the wild-type (WT) mice. Ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that the mitochondria of keratinocytes in the EKO mice were neither elongated nor constricted. Drp1 knockdown did not diminish the cell growth of normal human keratinocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro, UVB-induced apoptosis in the EKO epidermis and keratinocytes did not differ from that in the WT mice. In chronic UVB-irradiation, the loss of Drp1 sensitized the epidermis to the development of skin tumors. Clinically, DRP1 is expressed more highly in sun-exposed skin than in non-exposed skin in individuals under age 40, but not in those over age 60. CONCLUSION EKO mice demonstrate that Drp1 is dispensable for the development and apoptosis of the epidermis. Drp1 plays critical roles in malignant tumors; thus, the molecular machinery of mitochondrial dynamics involving Drp1 could be a novel therapeutic target for malignant keratinocytic lesions. On the other hand, the anti-tumorigenic role of Drp1 in chronic UVB-induced carcinogenesis need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Yanagi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shinya Kitamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asuka Suto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Sreedhar A, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Singh KK. Mitochondria in skin health, aging, and disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32518230 PMCID: PMC7283348 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a high turnover organ, and its constant renewal depends on the rapid proliferation of its progenitor cells. The energy requirement for these metabolically active cells is met by mitochondrial respiration, an ATP generating process driven by a series of protein complexes collectively known as the electron transport chain (ETC) that is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide, singlet oxygen, peroxides are inevitably produced during respiration and disrupt macromolecular and cellular structures if not quenched by the antioxidant system. The oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial ROS production has been established as the molecular basis of multiple pathophysiological conditions, including aging and cancer. Not surprisingly, the mitochondria are the primary organelle affected during chronological and UV-induced skin aging, the phenotypic manifestations of which are the direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Also, deletions and other aberrations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are frequent in photo-aged skin and skin cancer lesions. Recent studies have revealed a more innate role of the mitochondria in maintaining skin homeostasis and pigmentation, which are affected when the essential mitochondrial functions are impaired. Some common and rare skin disorders have a mitochondrial involvement and include dermal manifestations of primary mitochondrial diseases as well as congenital skin diseases caused by damaged mitochondria. With studies increasingly supporting the close association between mitochondria and skin health, its therapeutic targeting in the skin-either via an ATP production boost or free radical scavenging-has gained attention from clinicians and aestheticians alike. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified that improve mitochondrial functions and have proved effective against aged and diseased skin. In this review, we discuss the essential role of mitochondria in regulating normal and abnormal skin physiology and the possibility of targeting this organelle in various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Integartive Center For Aging Research and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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25
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Oláh A, Alam M, Chéret J, Kis NG, Hegyi Z, Szöllősi AG, Vidali S, Bíró T, Paus R. Mitochondrial energy metabolism is negatively regulated by cannabinoid receptor 1 in intact human epidermis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:616-622. [PMID: 32367548 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal energy metabolism is relevant to skin physiology, ageing and photodamage. While selected hormones stimulate epidermal keratinocyte mitochondrial activity, its negative regulation remains unknown. In several cell types, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 ) is expressed both on the cell membrane (cmCB1 ) and on the mitochondrial outer membrane (mtCB1 ), where its stimulation directly suppresses mitochondrial functions. In the current pilot study, we investigated if CB1 is a negative regulator of human epidermal energy metabolism under physiological conditions. Using organ-cultured full-thickness human skin specimens of healthy individuals, we showed that antagonizing the homeostatic CB1 signalling by the administration of the CB1 inverse agonist AM251 increased respiratory chain complex I and II/IV activity. The effect was CB1 -dependent, since the CB1 -selective agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide could prevent the effect. Moreover, the phenomenon was also reproduced by siRNA-mediated down-regulation of CB1 . As revealed by the unaltered expression of several relevant markers (TFAM, VDAC1, MTCO1 and NDUFS4), modulation of CB1 signalling had no effect on the epidermal mitochondrial mass. Next, by using immunoelectron microscopy, we found that human epidermal keratinocytes express both cmCB1 and mtCB1 . Finally, by using equipotent extracellularly restricted (hemopressin) as well as cell-permeable (AM251) inverse agonists, we found that mitochondrial activity is most likely exclusively regulated by mtCB1 . Thus, our data identify mtCB1 as a novel negative regulator of keratinocyte mitochondrial activity in intact human epidermis, and raise the question, whether topical therapeutic interventions capable of selectively activating mtCB1 can reduce excessive mitochondrial ROS production resulting from dysregulated mitochondrial activity during skin ageing or photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Majid Alam
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikolett Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegyi
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Silvia Vidali
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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PARP1 Inhibition Augments UVB-Mediated Mitochondrial Changes-Implications for UV-Induced DNA Repair and Photocarcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010005. [PMID: 31861350 PMCID: PMC7016756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes provide the first line of defense of the human body against carcinogenic ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Acute and chronic UVB-mediated cellular responses were widely studied. However, little is known about the role of mitochondrial regulation in UVB-induced DNA damage. Here, we show that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase, two tumor suppressors, are important regulators in mitochondrial alterations induced by UVB. Our study demonstrates that PARP inhibition by ABT-888 upon UVB treatment exacerbated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) accumulation, cell cycle block and cell death and reduced cell proliferation in premalignant skin keratinocytes. Furthermore, in human keratinocytes UVB enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and autophagy which were further induced upon PARP inhibition. Immunoblot analysis showed that these cellular responses to PARP inhibition upon UVB irradiation strongly alter the phosphorylation level of ATM, adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), p53, protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of ATM led to significant reduction in AMPK, p53, AKT, and mTOR activation suggesting the central role of ATM in the UVB-mediated mitochondrial changes. Our results suggest a possible link between UVB-induced DNA damage and metabolic adaptations of mitochondria and reveal the OXPHOS-regulating role of autophagy which is dependent on key metabolic and DNA damage regulators downstream of PARP1 and ATM.
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27
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Andrade MJ, Van Lonkhuyzen DR, Upton Z, Satyamoorthy K. Unravelling the insulin-like growth factor I-mediated photoprotection of the skin. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 52:45-55. [PMID: 31767341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces a range of biological reactions which may directly or indirectly lead to the development of skin cancer. In order to overcome these damaging effects of UVR and to reduce photodamage, the skin's endogenous defence system functions in concert with the various exogenous photoprotectors. Growth factors, particularly insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), produced within the body as a result of cellular interaction in response to UVR demonstrates photoprotective properties in human skin. This review summarises the impact of UVR-induced photolesions on human skin, discusses various endogenous as well as exogenous approaches of photoprotection described to date and explains how IGF-I mediates UVR photoprotective responses at the cellular and mitochondrial level. Further, we describe the current interventions using growth factors and propose how the knowledge of the IGF-I photoprotection signalling cascades may direct the development of improved UVR protection and remedial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa J Andrade
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derek R Van Lonkhuyzen
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zee Upton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Institute of Medical Biology, A⁎STAR, Singapore
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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28
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Perdiz D, Oziol L, Poüs C. Early mitochondrial fragmentation is a potential in vitro biomarker of environmental stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:577-587. [PMID: 30797167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential dynamic organelles that ordinarily balance between fragmentation and fusion. Under stress conditions, a shift toward fragmentation or hyper-fusion is observed as a pro-survival reaction. Fragmentation of mitochondria occurs within minutes or hours after the beginning of the stress and occurs in response to a large number of stress stimuli, including those triggered by environmental contaminants. In this study, we tested whether the change in the mitochondrial phenotype, from tubular to fragmented, could be used as a potential environmental stress biomarker in cells and compared this response with the standard MTT-based viability assay. Firstly, we show that mitochondrial fragmentation induced by selected stressors not only increases with concentrations, but also correlates positively with the cytotoxicity. Secondly, we found that the mitochondrial fragmentation that occurs in the first hour of stress correlated with the viability measured after a 24-h stress, allowing the establishment of a linear relation between mitochondrial fragmentation at 1 h and the predictable associated cytotoxicity of environmental contaminants alone or in mixture. In conclusion, we have succeeded in developing a model of predictable 24 h-cytotoxicity given mitochondrial fragmentation at 1 h with a set of chemicals. This model has been successful applied to three environmental toxicants and to a set of two chemical mixtures. We thus propose that mitochondrial fragmentation is a response that could be used as an early in vitro biomarker of environmental stress for toxicants alone or in mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perdiz
- Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Lucie Oziol
- Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Biochimie-Hormonologie, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Site Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
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29
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Piper retrofractum Vahl. Extract, as a PPAR δ and AMPK Activator, Suppresses UVB-Induced Photoaging through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and MMPs Inhibition in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6172954. [PMID: 29619069 PMCID: PMC5829337 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6172954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoaging occurs by UVB-irradiation and involves production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to extracellular matrix damage. Piper retrofractum Vahl. is used as a traditional medicine for antiflatulence, expectorant, sedative, and anti-irritant; however, its antiphotoaging effect has not yet been studied. The current study investigated the antiphotoaging effect of standardized Piper retrofractum extract (PRE) on UVB-damaged human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mouse skin. PRE treatment activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), consequently upregulating mitochondrial synthesis and reducing ROS production. Additionally, PRE inhibited MMPs expression via suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). PRE downregulated UVB-induced inflammatory reactions by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. PRE also enhanced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the Smad signaling pathway, thereby promoting procollagen gene transcription. Furthermore, oral administration of PRE (300 mg/kg/day) similarly regulated the signaling pathways and increased antioxidant enzyme expression, thus attenuating physiological deformations, such as wrinkle formation and erythema response. Collectively, these results suggest that PRE acts as a potent antiphotoaging agent via PPARδ and AMPK activation.
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30
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Meyer JN, Leuthner TC, Luz AL. Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicology 2017; 391:42-53. [PMID: 28789970 PMCID: PMC5681418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, regulate mitochondrial form, volume and function, and are increasingly understood to be critical components of the cellular stress response. Mitochondrial dynamics vary based on developmental stage and age, cell type, environmental factors, and genetic background. Indeed, many mitochondrial homeostasis genes are human disease genes. Emerging evidence indicates that deficiencies in these genes often sensitize to environmental exposures, yet can also be protective under certain circumstances. Inhibition of mitochondrial dynamics also affects elimination of irreparable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and transmission of mtDNA mutations. We briefly review the basic biology of mitodynamic processes with a focus on mitochondrial fusion and fission, discuss what is known and unknown regarding how these processes respond to chemical and other stressors, and review the literature on interactions between mitochondrial toxicity and genetic variation in mitochondrial fusion and fission genes. Finally, we suggest areas for future research, including elucidating the full range of mitodynamic responses from low to high-level exposures, and from acute to chronic exposures; detailed examination of the physiological consequences of mitodynamic alterations in different cell types; mechanism-based testing of mitotoxicant interactions with interindividual variability in mitodynamics processes; and incorporating other environmental variables that affect mitochondria, such as diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States.
| | - Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States.
| | - Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States.
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31
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Baek JY, Park S, Park J, Jang JY, Wang SB, Kim SR, Woo HA, Lim KM, Chang TS. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III against UVB-Induced Apoptosis of Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1333-1342. [PMID: 28202400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UVB light induces generation of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to skin cell damage. Mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species in UVB-irradiated skin cells, with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species having been implicated in keratinocyte apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and potent H2O2-removing enzyme in the mitochondria of most cell types. Here, the protective role of PrxIII against UVB-induced apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes was investigated. Mitochondrial H2O2 levels were differentiated from other types of ROS using mitochondria-specific fluorescent H2O2 indicators. Upon UVB irradiation, PrxIII-knockdown HaCaT human keratinocytes and PrxIII-deficient (PrxIII-/-) mouse primary keratinocytes exhibited enhanced accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 compared with PrxIII-expressing controls. Keratinocytes lacking PrxIII were subsequently sensitized to apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cardiolipin oxidation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Increased UVB-induced epidermal tissue damage in PrxIII-/- mice was attributable to increased caspase-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis. Our findings show that mitochondrial H2O2 is a key mediator in UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and that PrxIII plays a critical role in protecting epidermal keratinocytes against UVB-induced apoptosis through eliminating mitochondrial H2O2. These findings support the concept that reinforcing mitochondrial PrxIII defenses may help prevent UVB-induced skin damage such as inflammation, sunburn, and photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Baek
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Ri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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