1
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de Taeye SW, Schriek AI, Umotoy JC, Grobben M, Burger JA, Sanders RW, Vidarsson G, Wuhrer M, Falck D, Kootstra NA, van Gils MJ. Afucosylated broadly neutralizing antibodies enhance clearance of HIV-1 infected cells through cell-mediated killing. Commun Biol 2024; 7:964. [PMID: 39122901 PMCID: PMC11316088 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have the capacity to delay viral rebound when administered to people with HIV-1 (PWH) during anti-retroviral therapy (ART) interruption. To further enhance the performance of bNAbs through their Fc effector functions, in particular NK cell-mediated killing of HIV-1 infected cells, we have produced a panel of glyco-engineered (afucosylated) bNAbs with enhanced affinity for Fc gamma receptor IIIa. These afucosylated anti-HIV-1 bNAbs enhance NK cell activation and degranulation compared to fucosylated counterparts even at low antigen density. NK cells from PWH expressing exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIGIT are activated in a similar fashion by afucosylated bNAbs as NK cell from HIV-1 negative individuals. Killing of HIV-1 infected cells is most effective with afucosylated bNAbs 2G12, N6, PGT151 and PGDM1400, whereas afucosylated PGT121 and non-neutralizing antibody A32 only induce minor NK cell-mediated killing. These data indicate that the approach angle and affinity of Abs influence the capacity to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Thus, afucosylated bNAbs have the capacity to induce NK cell-mediated killing of infected cells, which warrants further investigation of afucosylated bNAb administration in vivo, aiming for reduction of the viral reservoir and ART free durable control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W de Taeye
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Angela I Schriek
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Umotoy
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Makrydaki E, Donini R, Krueger A, Royle K, Moya Ramirez I, Kuntz DA, Rose DR, Haslam SM, Polizzi KM, Kontoravdi C. Immobilized enzyme cascade for targeted glycosylation. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:732-741. [PMID: 38321209 PMCID: PMC11142912 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational protein modification that affects folding, half-life and functionality. Glycosylation is a non-templated and heterogeneous process because of the promiscuity of the enzymes involved. We describe a platform for sequential glycosylation reactions for tailored sugar structures (SUGAR-TARGET) that allows bespoke, controlled N-linked glycosylation in vitro enabled by immobilized enzymes produced with a one-step immobilization/purification method. We reconstruct a reaction cascade mimicking a glycosylation pathway where promiscuity naturally exists to humanize a range of proteins derived from different cellular systems, yielding near-homogeneous glycoforms. Immobilized β-1,4-galactosyltransferase is used to enhance the galactosylation profile of three IgGs, yielding 80.2-96.3% terminal galactosylation. Enzyme recycling is demonstrated for a reaction time greater than 80 h. The platform is easy to implement, modular and reusable and can therefore produce homogeneous glycan structures derived from various hosts for functional and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Makrydaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Donini
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Krueger
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Royle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Moya Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Douglas A Kuntz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Rose
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Szittner Z, Bentlage AEH, Temming AR, Schmidt DE, Visser R, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Sonneveld ME, de Graaf EL, Wuhrer M, Porcelijn L, de Haas M, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Cellular surface plasmon resonance-based detection of anti-HPA-1a antibody glycosylation in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225603. [PMID: 37868955 PMCID: PMC10585714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) can occur due to maternal IgG antibodies targeting platelet antigens, causing life-threatening bleeding in the neonate. However, the disease manifests itself in only a fraction of pregnancies, most commonly with anti-HPA-1a antibodies. We found that in particular, the core fucosylation in the IgG-Fc tail is highly variable in anti-HPA-1a IgG, which strongly influences the binding to leukocyte IgG-Fc receptors IIIa/b (FcγRIIIa/b). Currently, gold-standard IgG-glycoanalytics rely on complicated methods (e.g., mass spectrometry (MS)) that are not suited for diagnostic purposes. Our aim was to provide a simplified method to quantify the biological activity of IgG antibodies targeting cells. We developed a cellular surface plasmon resonance imaging (cSPRi) technique based on FcγRIII-binding to IgG-opsonized cells and compared the results with MS. The strength of platelet binding to FcγR was monitored under flow using both WT FcγRIIIa (sensitive to Fc glycosylation status) and mutant FcγRIIIa-N162A (insensitive to Fc glycosylation status). The quality of the anti-HPA-1a glycosylation was monitored as the ratio of binding signals from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A, using glycoengineered recombinant anti-platelet HPA-1a as a standard. The method was validated with 143 plasma samples with anti-HPA-1a antibodies analyzed by MS with known clinical outcomes and tested for validation of the method. The ratio of patient signal from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A correlated with the fucosylation of the HPA-1a antibodies measured by MS (r=-0.52). Significantly, FNAIT disease severity based on Buchanan bleeding score was similarly discriminated against by MS and cSPRi. In conclusion, the use of IgG receptors, in this case, FcγRIIIa, on SPR chips can yield quantitative and qualitative information on platelet-bound anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Using opsonized cells in this manner circumvents the need for purification of specific antibodies and laborious MS analysis to obtain qualitative antibody traits such as IgG fucosylation, for which no clinical test is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szittner
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Robin Temming
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E. Schmidt
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Myrthe E. Sonneveld
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik L. de Graaf
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Translational Immunohematology, Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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García-Alija M, van Moer B, Sastre DE, Azzam T, Du JJ, Trastoy B, Callewaert N, Sundberg EJ, Guerin ME. Modulating antibody effector functions by Fc glycoengineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108201. [PMID: 37336296 PMCID: PMC11027751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibody based drugs, including IgG monoclonal antibodies, are an expanding class of therapeutics widely employed to treat cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. IgG antibodies have a conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn297 that bears complex type N-glycans which, along with other less conserved N- and O-glycosylation sites, fine-tune effector functions, complement activation, and half-life of antibodies. Fucosylation, galactosylation, sialylation, bisection and mannosylation all generate glycoforms that interact in a specific manner with different cellular antibody receptors and are linked to a distinct functional profile. Antibodies, including those employed in clinical settings, are generated with a mixture of glycoforms attached to them, which has an impact on their efficacy, stability and effector functions. It is therefore of great interest to produce antibodies containing only tailored glycoforms with specific effects associated with them. To this end, several antibody engineering strategies have been developed, including the usage of engineered mammalian cell lines, in vitro and in vivo glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Alija
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Berre van Moer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - Diego E Sastre
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tala Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan J Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycoimmunology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium.
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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5
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Lukšić F, Mijakovac A, Josipović G, Vičić Bočkor V, Krištić J, Cindrić A, Vinicki M, Rokić F, Vugrek O, Lauc G, Zoldoš V. Long-Term Culturing of FreeStyle 293-F Cells Affects Immunoglobulin G Glycome Composition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1245. [PMID: 37627310 PMCID: PMC10452533 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG regulates the effector function of this antibody in the immune response. Glycosylated IgG is a potent therapeutic used for both research and clinical purposes. While there is ample research on how different cell culture conditions affect IgG glycosylation, the data are missing on the stability of IgG glycome during long cell passaging, i.e., cell "aging". To test this, we performed three independent time course experiments in FreeStyle 293-F cells, which secrete IgG with a human-like glycosylation pattern and are frequently used to generate defined IgG glycoforms. During long-term cell culturing, IgG glycome stayed fairly stable except for galactosylation, which appeared extremely variable. Cell transcriptome analysis revealed no correlation in galactosyltransferase B4GALT1 expression with galactosylation change, but with expression of EEF1A1 and SLC38A10, genes previously associated with IgG galactosylation through GWAS. The FreeStyle 293-F cell-based system for IgG production is a good model for studies of mechanisms underlying IgG glycosylation, but results from the present study point to the utmost importance of the need to control IgG galactosylation in both in vitro and in vivo systems. This is especially important for improving the production of precisely glycosylated IgG for therapeutic purposes, since IgG galactosylation affects the inflammatory potential of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lukšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Josipović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Vičić Bočkor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Cindrić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Vinicki
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Rokić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Yamin R, Kao KS, MacDonald MR, Cantaert T, Rice CM, Ravetch JV, Bournazos S. Human FcγRIIIa activation on splenic macrophages drives dengue pathogenesis in mice. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1468-1479. [PMID: 37429907 PMCID: PMC10753935 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Although dengue virus (DENV) infection typically causes asymptomatic disease, DENV-infected patients can experience severe complications. A risk factor for symptomatic disease is pre-existing anti-DENV IgG antibodies. Cellular assays suggested that these antibodies can enhance viral infection of Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-expressing myeloid cells. Recent studies, however, revealed more complex interactions between anti-DENV antibodies and specific FcγRs by demonstrating that modulation of the IgG Fc glycan correlates with disease severity. To investigate the in vivo mechanisms of antibody-mediated dengue pathogenesis, we developed a mouse model for dengue disease that recapitulates the unique complexity of human FcγRs. In in vivo mouse models of dengue disease, we discovered that the pathogenic activity of anti-DENV antibodies is exclusively mediated through engagement of FcγRIIIa on splenic macrophages, resulting in inflammatory sequelae and mortality. These findings highlight the importance of IgG-FcγRIIIa interactions in dengue, with important implications for the design of safer vaccination approaches and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yamin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin S Kao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Crowley AR, Richardson SI, Tuyishime M, Jennewein M, Bailey MJ, Lee J, Alter G, Ferrari G, Morris L, Ackerman ME. Functional consequences of allotypic polymorphisms in human immunoglobulin G subclasses. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:1-16. [PMID: 35904629 PMCID: PMC9845132 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heritable polymorphisms within the human IgG locus, collectively termed allotypes, have often been linked by statistical associations, but rarely mechanistically, to a wide range of disease states. One potential explanation for these associations is that IgG allotype alters host cell receptors' affinity for IgG, dampening or enhancing an immune response depending on the nature of the change and the receptors. In this work, a panel of allotypic antibody variants were evaluated using multiplexed, label-free biophysical methods and cell-based functional assays to determine what effect, if any, human IgG polymorphisms have on antibody function. While we observed several differences in FcγR affinity among allotypes, there was little evidence of dramatically altered FcγR-based effector function or antigen recognition activity associated with this aspect of genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Simone I Richardson
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, Gauteng, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Meredith J Bailey
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, Gauteng, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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8
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Oskam N, Damelang T, Streutker M, Ooijevaar-de Heer P, Nouta J, Koeleman C, Van Coillie J, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. Factors affecting IgG4-mediated complement activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087532. [PMID: 36776883 PMCID: PMC9910309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the four human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses, IgG4 is considered the least inflammatory, in part because it poorly activates the complement system. Regardless, in IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD) and in autoimmune disorders with high levels of IgG4 autoantibodies, the presence of these antibodies has been linked to consumption and deposition of complement components. This apparent paradox suggests that conditions may exist, potentially reminiscent of in vivo deposits, that allow for complement activation by IgG4. Furthermore, it is currently unclear how variable glycosylation and Fab arm exchange may influence the ability of IgG4 to activate complement. Here, we used well-defined, glyco-engineered monoclonal preparations of IgG4 and determined their ability to activate complement in a controlled system. We show that IgG4 can activate complement only at high antigen and antibody concentrations, via the classical pathway. Moreover, elevated or reduced Fc galactosylation enhanced or diminished complement activation, respectively, with no apparent contribution from the lectin pathway. Fab glycans slightly reduced complement activation. Lastly, we show that bispecific, monovalent IgG4 resulting from Fab arm exchange is a less potent activator of complement than monospecific IgG4. Taken together, these results imply that involvement of IgG4-mediated complement activation in pathology is possible but unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Oskam
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology Experimental, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marij Streutker
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar-de Heer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carolien Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Department of Immunohematology Experimental, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Immunohematology Experimental, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Reinders LMH, Klassen MD, Endres P, Krumm A, Jaeger M, Schmidt TC, Teutenberg T. Development of a Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for the Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies in Cell-Free Culture Supernatant via FcR Affinity Chromatography. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Zhong X, Schenk J, Sakorafas P, Chamberland J, Tam A, Thomas LM, Yan G, D' Antona AM, Lin L, Nocula-Lugowska M, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Gu L, Abel M, Donahue J, Lim S, Meade C, Zhou J, Riegel L, Birch A, Fennell BJ, Franklin E, Gomes JM, Tzvetkova B, Scarcelli JJ. Impacts of fast production of afucosylated antibodies and Fc mutants in ExpiCHO-S™ for enhancing FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:79-91. [PMID: 36341973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study has employed mammalian transient expression systems to generate afucosylated antibodies and antibody Fc mutants for rapid candidate screening in discovery and early development. While chemical treatment with the fucose analogue 2-fluoro-peracetyl-fucose during transient expression only partially produced antibodies with afucosylated N-glycans, the genetic inactivation of the FUT8 gene in ExpiCHO-S™ by CRISPR/Cas9 enabled the transient production of fully afucosylated antibodies. Human IgG1 and murine IgG2a generated by the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line possessed a 8-to-11-fold enhanced FcγRIIIa binding activity in comparison with those produced by ExpiCHO-S™. The Fc mutant S239D/S298A/I332E produced by ExpiCHO-S™ had an approximate 2-fold higher FcγRIIIa affinity than that of the afucosylated wildtype molecule, although it displayed significantly lower thermal-stability. When the Fc mutant was produced in the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line, the resulting afucosylated Fc mutant antibody had an additional approximate 6-fold increase in FcγRIIIa binding affinity. This synergistic effect between afucosylation and the Fc mutations was further verified by a natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Together, these results have not only established an efficient large-scale transient CHO system for rapid production of afucosylated antibodies, but also confirmed a cooperative impact between afucosylation and Fc mutations on FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schenk
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John Chamberland
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - L Michael Thomas
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Yan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M D' Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Gu
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Molica Abel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Donahue
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Lim
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Riegel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex Birch
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Fennell
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Franklin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
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11
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Mao L, Schneider JW, Robinson AS. Progress toward rapid, at-line N-glycosylation detection and control for recombinant protein expression. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102788. [PMID: 36126382 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteins continue to represent a large fraction of the therapeutics market, reaching over a hundred billion dollars in market size globally. One key feature of protein modification that can affect both structure and function is the addition of glycosylation following protein folding, leading to regulatory requirements for the accurate assessment of protein attributes, including glycan structures. The non-template-driven, innately heterogeneous N-glycosylation process thus requires accurate detection to robustly generate protein therapies. A challenge exists in the timely detection of protein glycosylation without labor-intensive manipulation. In this article, we discuss progress toward N-glycoprotein control, focusing on novel control strategies and the advancement of rapid, high-throughput analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - James W Schneider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anne S Robinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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12
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Grace PS, Gunn BM, Lu LL. Engineering the supernatural: monoclonal antibodies for challenging infectious diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102818. [PMID: 36242952 PMCID: PMC9612313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed faster than antimicrobials and vaccines. However, the majority of mAbs treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas a minority treat infection. This is in part because targeting a single antigen by the antibody Fab domain is insufficient to stop the dynamic microbial life cycle. Thus, finding the 'right' antigens remains the focus of intense investigations. Equally important is the antibody-Fc domain that has the capacity to induce immune responses that enhance neutralization, and limit pathology and transmission. While Fc-effector functions have been less deeply studied, conceptual and technical advances reveal previously underappreciated antibody potential to combat diseases from microbes difficult to address with current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum, and M. tuberculosis. What is learned about engineering antibodies for these challenging organisms will enhance our approach to new and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Grace
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Parkland Health & Hospital System, United States.
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13
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Kao KS, Gupta A, Zong G, Li C, Kerschbaumer I, Borghi S, Achkar JM, Bournazos S, Wang LX, Ravetch JV. Synthetic nanobodies as tools to distinguish IgG Fc glycoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212658119. [PMID: 36409896 PMCID: PMC9860306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212658119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a crucial mediator of biological functions and is tightly regulated in health and disease. However, interrogating complex protein glycoforms is challenging, as current lectin tools are limited by cross-reactivity while mass spectrometry typically requires biochemical purification and isolation of the target protein. Here, we describe a method to identify and characterize a class of nanobodies that can distinguish glycoforms without reactivity to off-target glycoproteins or glycans. We apply this technology to immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc glycoforms and define nanobodies that specifically recognize either IgG lacking its core-fucose or IgG bearing terminal sialic acid residues. By adapting these tools to standard biochemical methods, we can clinically stratify dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals based on their IgG glycan profile, selectively disrupt IgG-Fcγ receptor binding both in vitro and in vivo, and interrogate the B cell receptor (BCR) glycan structure on living cells. Ultimately, we provide a strategy for the development of reagents to identify and manipulate IgG Fc glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Kao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Aaron Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Isabell Kerschbaumer
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Sara Borghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Jeffrey V. Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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14
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Bharadwaj P, Shrestha S, Pongracz T, Concetta C, Sharma S, Le Moine A, de Haan N, Murakami N, Riella LV, Holovska V, Wuhrer M, Marchant A, Ackerman ME. Afucosylation of HLA-specific IgG1 as a potential predictor of antibody pathogenicity in kidney transplantation. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100818. [PMID: 36384101 PMCID: PMC9729883 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the leading cause of graft failure. While donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are associated with a higher risk of AMR, not all patients with DSAs develop rejection, suggesting that the characteristics of alloantibodies determining their pathogenicity remain undefined. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-specific antibodies as a model, we apply systems serology tools to investigate qualitative features of immunoglobulin G (IgG) alloantibodies including Fc-glycosylation patterns and FcγR-binding properties. Levels of afucosylated anti-A2 antibodies are elevated in seropositive patients, especially those with AMR, suggesting potential cytotoxicity via FcγRIII-mediated mechanisms. Afucosylation of both glycoengineered monoclonal and naturally glycovariant polyclonal serum IgG specific to HLA-A2 drives potentiated binding to, slower dissociation from, and enhanced signaling through FcγRIII, a receptor widely expressed on innate effector cells, and greater cytotoxicity against HLA-A2+ cells mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Collectively, these results suggest that afucosylated DSA may be a biomarker of AMR and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catalano Concetta
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alain Le Moine
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanda Holovska
- HLA Laboratory, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB), Hôpital Erasme ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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15
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Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-null effector developed using mammalian and plant GlycoDelete platform. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19030. [PMID: 36347901 PMCID: PMC9643331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies has markedly shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. However, methods completely eliminating the effector function of these signal-regulating antibodies is urgently required. The heterogeneity of glycan chains in antibodies limits their use as therapeutic agents due to their variability; thus, the development of uniform glycan chains is necessary. Here, we subjected the anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 antibody nivolumab, a representative immune checkpoint inhibitor, to GlycoDelete (GD) engineering to remove the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of the antibody, leaving only one glycan in the Fc. Glyco-engineered CHO cells were prepared by overexpressing endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (Endo T) in CHO cells, in which N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-transferase I was knocked out using Cas9. GD IgG1 nivolumab and GD IgG4 nivolumab were produced using GD CHO cells, and glycan removal was confirmed using mass spectrometry. Target binding and PD-1 inhibition was not altered; however, ADCC decreased. Furthermore, the IgG4 form, determined to be the most suitable form of GD nivolumab, was produced in a plant GD system. The plant GD nivolumab also reduced ADCC without affecting PD-1 inhibitory function. Thus, CHO and plant GD platforms can be used to improve signal-regulating antibodies by reducing their effector function.
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16
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Liu S, Liu Y, Lin J, Wang Y, Li D, Xie GY, Guo AY, Liu BF, Cheng L, Liu X. Three Major Gastrointestinal Cancers Could Be Distinguished through Subclass-Specific IgG Glycosylation. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2771-2782. [PMID: 36268885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) are three major digestive tract tumors with higher morbidity and mortality due to significant molecular heterogeneity. Altered IgG glycosylation has been observed in inflammatory activities and disease progression, and the IgG glycome profile could be used for disease stratification. However, IgG N-glycome profiles in these three cancers have not been systematically investigated. Herein, subclass-specific IgG glycosylation in CRC, GC, and EC was comprehensively characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that IgG1 sialylation was decreased in all three cancers, and the alterations in CRC and EC may be subclass-specific. IgG4 mono-galactosylation was increased in all three cancers, which was a subclass-specific change in all of them. Additionally, glycopeptides of IgG1-H5N5, IgG2-H4N3F1, and IgG4-H4N4F1 could distinguish all three cancer groups from controls with fair diagnostic performance. Furthermore, bioinformatics verified the differential expression of relevant glycosyltransferase genes in cancer progression. Significantly, those three gastrointestinal cancers could be distinguished from each other using subclass-specific IgG glycans. These findings demonstrated the spatial and temporal diversity of IgG N-glycome among digestive cancers, increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EC, GC, and CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiajing Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gui-Yan Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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van Osch TLJ, Steuten J, Nouta J, Koeleman CAM, Bentlage AEH, Heidt S, Mulder A, Voorberg J, van Ham SM, Wuhrer M, Ten Brinke A, Vidarsson G. Phagocytosis of platelets opsonized with differently glycosylated anti-HLA hIgG1 by monocyte-derived macrophages. Platelets 2022; 34:2129604. [PMID: 36185007 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2129604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated platelet refractoriness (PR) remains a significant problem in the setting of platelet transfusion and is predominantly caused by the presence of alloantibodies directed against class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Opsonization of donor platelets with these alloantibodies can result in rapid clearance after transfusion via multiple mechanisms, including antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Interestingly, not all alloimmunized patients develop PR to unmatched platelet transfusions, suggesting variation in HLA-specific IgG responses between patients. Previously, we observed that the glycosylation profile of anti-HLA antibodies was highly variable between PR patients, especially with respect to Fc galactosylation, sialylation and fucosylation. In the current study, we investigated the effect of different Fc glycosylation patterns, with known effects on complement deposition and FcγR binding, on phagocytosis of opsonized platelets by monocyte-derived human macrophages. We found that the phagocytosis of antibody- and complement-opsonized platelets, by monocyte derived M1 macrophages, was unaffected by these qualitative IgG-glycan differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L J van Osch
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juulke Steuten
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Engineering nucleotide sugar synthesis pathways for independent and simultaneous modulation of N-glycan galactosylation and fucosylation in CHO cells. Metab Eng 2022; 74:61-71. [PMID: 36152932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of recombinant therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a critical quality attribute. N-glycans in mAbs are known to affect various effector functions, and thereby therapeutic use of such glycoproteins can depend on a particular glycoform profile to achieve desired efficacy. However, there are currently limited options for modulating the glycoform profile, which depend mainly on over-expression or knock-out of glycosyltransferase enzymes that can introduce or eliminate specific glycans but do not allow predictable glycoform modulation over a range of values. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to predictably modulate the glycoform profile of recombinant IgG. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we have engineered nucleotide sugar synthesis pathways in CHO cells expressing recombinant IgG for combinatorial modulation of galactosylation and fucosylation. Knocking out the enzymes UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (Gale) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (Fx) resulted in ablation of de novo synthesis of UDP-Gal and GDP-Fuc. With Gale knock-out, the array of N-glycans on recombinantly expressed IgG is narrowed to agalactosylated glycans, mainly A2F glycan (89%). In the Gale and Fx double knock-out cell line, agalactosylated and afucosylated A2 glycan is predominant (88%). In the double knock-out cell line, galactosylation and fucosylation was entirely dependent on the salvage pathway, which allowed for modulation of UDP-Gal and GDP-Fuc synthesis and intracellular nucleotide sugar availability by controlling the availability of extracellular galactose and fucose. We demonstrate that the glycoform profile of recombinant IgG can be modulated from containing predominantly agalactosylated and afucosylated glycans to up to 42% and 96% galactosylation and fucosylation, respectively, by extracellular feeding of sugars in a dose-dependent manner. By simply varying the availability of extracellular galactose and/or fucose, galactosylation and fucosylation levels can be simultaneously and independently modulated. In addition to achieving the production of tailored glycoforms, this engineered CHO host platform can cater to the rapid synthesis of variably glycoengineered proteins for evaluation of biological activity.
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19
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Van Coillie J, Schulz MA, Bentlage AEH, de Haan N, Ye Z, Geerdes DM, van Esch WJE, Hafkenscheid L, Miller RL, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Vidarsson G, Clausen H. Role of N-Glycosylation in FcγRIIIa interaction with IgG. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987151. [PMID: 36189205 PMCID: PMC9524020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins G (IgG) and their Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) play important roles in our immune system. The conserved N-glycan in the Fc region of IgG1 impacts interaction of IgG with FcγRs and the resulting effector functions, which has led to the design of antibody therapeutics with greatly improved antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities. Studies have suggested that also N-glycosylation of the FcγRIII affects receptor interactions with IgG, but detailed studies of the interaction of IgG1 and FcγRIIIa with distinct N-glycans have been hindered by the natural heterogeneity in N-glycosylation. In this study, we employed comprehensive genetic engineering of the N-glycosylation capacities in mammalian cell lines to express IgG1 and FcγRIIIa with different N-glycan structures to more generally explore the role of N-glycosylation in IgG1:FcγRIIIa binding interactions. We included FcγRIIIa variants of both the 158F and 158V allotypes and investigated the key N-glycan features that affected binding affinity. Our study confirms that afucosylated IgG1 has the highest binding affinity to oligomannose FcγRIIIa, a glycan structure commonly found on Asn162 on FcγRIIIa expressed by NK cells but not monocytes or recombinantly expressed FcγRIIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Morten A. Schulz
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Haslund-Gourley BS, Grauzam S, Mehta AS, Wigdahl B, Comunale MA. Acute lyme disease IgG N-linked glycans contrast the canonical inflammatory signature. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949118. [PMID: 35990620 PMCID: PMC9389449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) infection is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb). Due to the limited presence of this pathogen in the bloodstream in humans, diagnosis of LD relies on seroconversion. Immunoglobulins produced in response to infection are differentially glycosylated to promote or inhibit downstream inflammatory responses by the immune system. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan responses to LD have not been characterized. In this study, we analyzed IgG N-glycans from cohorts of healthy controls, acute LD patient serum, and serum collected after acute LD patients completed a 2- to 3-week course of antibiotics and convalesced for 70-90 days. Results indicate that during the acute phase of Bb infection, IgG shifts its glycosylation profile to include structures that are not associated with the classic proinflammatory IgG N-glycan signature. This unexpected result is in direct contrast to what is reported for other inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, IgG N-glycans detected during acute LD infection discriminated between control, acute, and treated cohorts with a sensitivity of 75-100% and specificity of 94.7-100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Samuel Haslund-Gourley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stéphane Grauzam
- GlycoPath, LLC Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- GlycoPath, LLC Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Comunale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mary Ann Comunale,
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21
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Adjobimey T, Hoerauf A. Distinct N-Linked Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Patterns Are Associated With Chronic Pathology and Asymptomatic Infections in Human Lymphatic Filariasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:790895. [PMID: 35401511 PMCID: PMC8992374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.790895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis presents a complex spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic microfilariaemic (MF+) to chronic pathology (CP), including lymphedema and elephantiasis. Emerging evidence suggests a link between the physiopathology of filarial infections and antibody properties. Post-translational glycosylation has been shown to play a key role in the modulation of antibodies’ effector functions. Here, we investigated the link between total IgG-N-glycosylation patterns and the physiopathology of human lymphatic filariasis using UPLC-FLD/ESI-MS comparison of N-glycan profiles of total IgG purified from endemic normals (EN), MF+, and CP patients. We detected a total of 19 glycans released from all IgG samples. Strikingly, agalactosylated glycan residues were more prominent in EN, whereas sialylation and bisecting GlcNac correlated with asymptomatic infections. While IgG from all three clinical groups expressed high levels of fucosylated residues, significantly lower expressions of afucosylated IgG were seen in MF+ individuals compared to EN and CP. Our data reveal distinct N-linked IgG glycan profiles in EN, MF+, and CP and suggest that IgG galactosylation and sialylation are associated with chronic pathology, whereas agalactosylation correlates with putative immunity. The results also indicate a role for sialylation, fucosylation, and bisecting GlcNac in immune tolerance to the parasite. These findings highlight the link between N-glycosylation and the physiopathology of lymphatic filariasis and open new research avenues for next-generation therapeutic formulations against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomabu Adjobimey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Institut for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d'Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Institut for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Bonn-Cologne Site, German Center for Infectious Disease Research Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
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22
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Liu HN, Dong WH, Lin Y, Zhang ZH, Wang TY. The Effect of microRNA on the Production of Recombinant Protein in CHO Cells and its Mechanism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:832065. [PMID: 35387297 PMCID: PMC8977551 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.832065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production by mammalian cells is the initial step in the manufacture of many therapeutic proteins. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most common host system to produce recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs). However, it is still challenging to maintain high productivity ensuring the good quality of RTPs produced by CHO cells. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are short regulatory non-coding RNAs that can regulate cellular behavior and complex phenotypes. It has been found that miRNAs can enhance the expression level of recombinant proteins in CHO cells by promoting proliferation, resisting apoptosis, and regulating metabolism. miRNAs also can affect the quality of RTPs. In this review, we will discuss the effect and mechanism of miRNA on the expression level and quality of recombinant proteins in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ning Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei-Hua Dong
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Lin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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23
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Kissel T, Ge C, Hafkenscheid L, Kwekkeboom JC, Slot LM, Cavallari M, He Y, van Schie KA, Vergroesen RD, Kampstra AS, Reijm S, Stoeken-Rijsbergen G, Koeleman C, Voortman LM, Heitman LH, Xu B, Pruijn GJ, Wuhrer M, Rispens T, Huizinga TW, Scherer HU, Reth M, Holmdahl R, Toes RE. Surface Ig variable domain glycosylation affects autoantigen binding and acts as threshold for human autoreactive B cell activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1759. [PMID: 35138894 PMCID: PMC8827743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by variable domain glycans (VDGs). Their abundant occurrence results from the selective introduction of N-linked glycosylation sites during somatic hypermutation, and their presence is predictive for disease development. However, the functional consequences of VDGs on autoreactive B cells remain elusive. Combining crystallography, glycobiology, and functional B cell assays allowed us to dissect key characteristics of VDGs on human B cell biology. Crystal structures showed that VDGs are positioned in the vicinity of the antigen-binding pocket, and dynamic modeling combined with binding assays elucidated their impact on binding. We found that VDG-expressing B cell receptors stay longer on the B cell surface and that VDGs enhance B cell activation. These results provide a rationale on how the acquisition of VDGs might contribute to the breach of tolerance of autoreactive B cells in a major human autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Changrong Ge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Linda M. Slot
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marco Cavallari
- Biology III (Department of Molecular Immunology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Karin A. van Schie
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Arieke S.B. Kampstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Reijm
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lennard M. Voortman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Oncode Institute and Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bingze Xu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ger J.M. Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom W.J. Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans Ulrich Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Reth
- Biology III (Department of Molecular Immunology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), 710004 Xi’an, China
| | - Rene E.M. Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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24
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Mijakovac A, Miškec K, Krištić J, Vičić Bočkor V, Tadić V, Bošković M, Lauc G, Zoldoš V, Vojta A. A Transient Expression System with Stably Integrated CRISPR-dCas9 Fusions for Regulation of Genes Involved in Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. CRISPR J 2022; 5:237-253. [PMID: 35021898 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is functionally important in multiple human physiological and pathological states. Our understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate IgG glycosylation is vague because of the complexity of this process, which involves hundreds of genes. Several genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed a network of genes associated with IgG glycosylation that are pleiotropic for a number of diseases. Here, we report a design of a versatile system for IgG production and gene manipulations that can be used for in vitro functional follow-up of GWA hits or any gene of interest. The system is based on CRISPR-dCas9, extended by a piggyBac integrase compatible vector, and drives IgG production in HEK-293F cells. We validated our systems that stably express VPR-dCas9 and KRAB-dCas9 by manipulation of four glyco-genes with a known role in IgG glycosylation, and then functionally validated three GWAS hits for IgG glycosylation with an as-yet-unknown role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Miškec
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Krištić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Vičić Bočkor
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Tadić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Bošković
- Laboratory for Cancer research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Vojta
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Malik S, Grunert I, Roman MF, Walch H, Dams T, Thomann M, Falkenstein R. Implementation of in vitro glycoengineering of monoclonal antibodies into downstream processing of industrial production. Glycobiology 2021; 32:123-135. [PMID: 34939096 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro glycoengineering using exoenzymes for specific modification is recognized as appropriate method to tailor sugar moieties of glycan structures during the recombinant production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This report describes enhanced in vitro glycoengineering approaches using β1,4-galactosyltransferase and α2,6-sialyltransferase to improve the efficiency of galactosylation and sialylation with the aim to implement in vitro glycoengineering into common mAb purification processes. Feasibility studies tested the potential of different in vitro glycoengineering protocols (2-step vs. 1-step) to facilitate the overall procedure. Scalability of the reactions was demonstrated for mAb amounts ranging from 1 mg to 1 g. Additionally, the reactions of β1,4-galactosyltransferase and α2,6-sialyltransferase were shown to work on column during affinity chromatography using Protein A or KappaSelect, the latter providing more efficient galactosylation and sialylation of IgG1 and IgG4 mAbs. Performing in vitro glycoengineering on column enabled the use of cell culture harvest which yielded results comparable to that of purified bulk. Based thereon, an optimized 2-step mixed mode approach was found most appropriate to integrate in vitro glycoengineering of the IgG1 mAb into the overall manufacturing process. Using harvest for on-column reaction of β1,4-galactosyltransferase combined with in-solution reaction of α2,6-sialyltransferase, this approach yielded 100 percent biantennary galactosylation and 61 percent biantennary sialylation. Moreover, the enzymes applied in in vitro glycoengineering could be separated, recycled, and reused in further reactions to improve economic efficiency. Overall, the study provides a toolbox for in vitro glycoengineering and presents an optimized easy-to-handle workflow to implement this method into the downstream processing of industrial mAb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Malik
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Grunert
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Walch
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dams
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Marco Thomann
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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26
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Crowley AR, Osei-Owusu NY, Dekkers G, Gao W, Wuhrer M, Magnani DM, Reimann KA, Pincus SH, Vidarsson G, Ackerman ME. Biophysical Evaluation of Rhesus Macaque Fc Gamma Receptors Reveals Similar IgG Fc Glycoform Preferences to Human Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754710. [PMID: 34712242 PMCID: PMC8546228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques are a common non-human primate model used in the evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies, molecules whose effector functions depend on a conserved N-linked glycan in the Fc region. This carbohydrate is a target of glycoengineering efforts aimed at altering antibody effector function by modulating the affinity of Fcγ receptors. For example, a reduction in the overall core fucose content is one such strategy that can increase antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by increasing Fc-FcγRIIIa affinity. While the position of the Fc glycan is conserved in macaques, differences in the frequency of glycoforms and the use of an alternate monosaccharide in sialylated glycan species add a degree of uncertainty to the testing of glycoengineered human antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a panel of 16 human IgG1 glycovariants, we measured the affinities of macaque FcγRs for differing glycoforms via surface plasmon resonance. Our results suggest that macaques are a tractable species in which to test the effects of antibody glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nana Yaw Osei-Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keith A. Reimann
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seth H. Pincus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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27
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Afucosylated Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG is induced by infection but not by subunit vaccination. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5838. [PMID: 34611164 PMCID: PMC8492741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family members mediate receptor- and tissue-specific sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in malaria. Antibody responses are a central component of naturally acquired malaria immunity. PfEMP1-specific IgG likely protects by inhibiting IE sequestration and through IgG-Fc Receptor (FcγR) mediated phagocytosis and killing of antibody-opsonized IEs. The affinity of afucosylated IgG to FcγRIIIa is up to 40-fold higher than fucosylated IgG, resulting in enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Most IgG in plasma is fully fucosylated, but afucosylated IgG is elicited in response to enveloped viruses and to paternal alloantigens during pregnancy. Here we show that naturally acquired PfEMP1-specific IgG is strongly afucosylated in a stable and exposure-dependent manner, and efficiently induces FcγRIIIa-dependent natural killer (NK) cell degranulation. In contrast, immunization with a subunit PfEMP1 (VAR2CSA) vaccine results in fully fucosylated specific IgG. These results have implications for understanding protective natural- and vaccine-induced immunity to malaria. Here, Larsen et al. describe differences in Fc fucosylation of P. falciparum PfEMP1-specific IgG produced in response to natural infection versus VAR2CSA-type subunit vaccination, which leads to differences in the ability to induce FcγRIIIa-dependent natural killer cell degranulation.
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28
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Larsen MD, Lopez-Perez M, Dickson EK, Ampomah P, Tuikue Ndam N, Nouta J, Koeleman CAM, Ederveen ALH, Mordmüller B, Salanti A, Nielsen MA, Massougbodji A, van der Schoot CE, Ofori MF, Wuhrer M, Hviid L, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG is induced by infection but not by subunit vaccination. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 34611164 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.23.441082v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family members mediate receptor- and tissue-specific sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in malaria. Antibody responses are a central component of naturally acquired malaria immunity. PfEMP1-specific IgG likely protects by inhibiting IE sequestration and through IgG-Fc Receptor (FcγR) mediated phagocytosis and killing of antibody-opsonized IEs. The affinity of afucosylated IgG to FcγRIIIa is up to 40-fold higher than fucosylated IgG, resulting in enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Most IgG in plasma is fully fucosylated, but afucosylated IgG is elicited in response to enveloped viruses and to paternal alloantigens during pregnancy. Here we show that naturally acquired PfEMP1-specific IgG is strongly afucosylated in a stable and exposure-dependent manner, and efficiently induces FcγRIIIa-dependent natural killer (NK) cell degranulation. In contrast, immunization with a subunit PfEMP1 (VAR2CSA) vaccine results in fully fucosylated specific IgG. These results have implications for understanding protective natural- and vaccine-induced immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Delbo Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Lopez-Perez
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Kakra Dickson
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Paulina Ampomah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Agertoug Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Godomey, Benin
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Lemke MM, McLean MR, Lee CY, Lopez E, Bozich ER, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kratochvil S, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ, Chung AW, Arnold KB. A systems approach to elucidate personalized mechanistic complexities of antibody-Fc receptor activation post-vaccination. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100386. [PMID: 34622227 PMCID: PMC8484512 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that activate Fc-mediated immune functions have been correlated with vaccine efficacy, but it is difficult to unravel the relative roles of multiple IgG and Fc receptor (FcR) features that have the capacity to influence IgG-FcR complex formation but vary on a personalized basis. Here, we develop an ordinary differential-equation model to determine how personalized variability in IgG subclass concentrations and binding affinities influence IgG-FcγRIIIa complex formation and validate it with samples from the HIV RV144 vaccine trial. The model identifies individuals who are sensitive, insensitive, or negatively affected by increases in HIV-specific IgG1, which is validated with the addition of HIV-specific IgG1 monoclonal antibodies to vaccine samples. IgG1 affinity to FcγRIIIa is also prioritized as the most influential parameter for dictating activation broadly across a population. Overall, this work presents a quantitative tool for evaluating personalized differences underlying FcR activation, which is relevant to ongoing efforts to improve vaccine efficacy. Fc-mediated immune functions have been correlated with protection in HIV vaccine trials A model reveals personalized mechanisms that drive variation in FcγR activation The model predicts individuals who are sensitive to changes in IgG1 concentration IgG1 affinity to FcγR best dictates activation across a heterogeneous population
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Milla R McLean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily R Bozich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital, Monash University Central Clinical School, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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van Osch TLJ, Nouta J, Derksen NIL, van Mierlo G, van der Schoot CE, Wuhrer M, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Fc Galactosylation Promotes Hexamerization of Human IgG1, Leading to Enhanced Classical Complement Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1545-1554. [PMID: 34408013 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human IgG contains one evolutionarily conserved N-linked glycan in its Fc region at position 297. This glycan is crucial for Fc-mediated functions, including its induction of the classical complement cascade. This is induced after target recognition through the IgG-Fab regions, allowing neighboring IgG-Fc tails to associate through Fc:Fc interaction, ultimately leading to hexamer formation. This hexamerization seems crucial for IgG to enable efficient interaction with the globular heads of the first complement component C1q and subsequent complement activation. In this study, we show that galactose incorporated in the IgG1-Fc enhances C1q binding, C4, C3 deposition, and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes and Raji cells. IgG1-Fc sialylation slightly enhanced binding of C1q, but had little effect on downstream complement activation. Using various mutations that decrease or increase hexamerization capacity of IgG1, we show that IgG1-Fc galactosylation has no intrinsic effect on C1q binding to IgG1, but enhances IgG1 hexamerization potential and, thereby, complement activation. These data suggest that the therapeutic potential of Abs can be amplified without introducing immunogenic mutations, by relatively simple glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L J van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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31
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Dyukova I, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Yalovenko N, Yatsyna V, Bansal P, Rizzo TR. A new approach for identifying positional isomers of glycans cleaved from monoclonal antibodies. Analyst 2021; 146:4789-4795. [PMID: 34231555 PMCID: PMC8311261 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation patterns in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can vary significantly between different host cell types, and these differences may affect mAbs safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycan isomers with the terminal galactose position on either the Man α1-3 arm or the Man α1-6 arm have an impact on the effector functions and dynamic structure of mAbs. The development of a robust method to distinguish positional isomers of glycans is thus critical to guarantee mAb quality. In this work, we apply high-resolution ion mobility combined with cryogenic infrared spectroscopy to distinguish isomeric glycans with different terminal galactose positions, using G1F as an example. Selective enzymatic synthesis of the G1(α1-6)F isomer allows us to assign the peaks in the arrival-time distributions and the infrared spectra to their respective isomeric forms. Moreover, we demonstrate the impact of the host cell line (CHO and HEK-293) on the IgG G1F gycan profile at the isomer level. This work illustrates the potential of our approach for glycan analysis of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Dyukova
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Natalia Yalovenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics412 96 GothenburgSweden
| | - Priyanka Bansal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPMStation 6CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland
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32
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On the Use of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing to Understand IgG-FcγR Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126616. [PMID: 34205578 PMCID: PMC8235063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical biosensors offer real-time and label-free analysis of protein interactions, which has extensively contributed to the discovery and development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As the biopharmaceutical market for these biologics and their biosimilars is rapidly growing, the role of SPR biosensors in drug discovery and quality assessment is becoming increasingly prominent. One of the critical quality attributes of mAbs is the N-glycosylation of their Fc region. Other than providing stability to the antibody, the Fc N-glycosylation influences immunoglobulin G (IgG) interactions with the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), modulating the immune response. Over the past two decades, several studies have relied on SPR-based assays to characterize the influence of N-glycosylation upon the IgG-FcγR interactions. While these studies have unveiled key information, many conclusions are still debated in the literature. These discrepancies can be, in part, attributed to the design of the reported SPR-based assays as well as the methodology applied to SPR data analysis. In fact, the SPR biosensor best practices have evolved over the years, and several biases have been pointed out in the development of experimental SPR protocols. In parallel, newly developed algorithms and data analysis methods now allow taking into consideration complex biomolecular kinetics. In this review, we detail the use of different SPR biosensing approaches for characterizing the IgG-FcγR interactions, highlighting their merit and inherent experimental complexity. Furthermore, we review the latest SPR-derived conclusions on the influence of the N-glycosylation upon the IgG-FcγR interactions and underline the differences and similarities across the literature. Finally, we explore new avenues taking advantage of novel computational analysis of SPR results as well as the latest strategies to control the glycoprofile of mAbs during production, which could lead to a better understanding and modelling of the IgG-FcγRs interactions.
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33
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Hoepel W, Chen HJ, Geyer CE, Allahverdiyeva S, Manz XD, de Taeye SW, Aman J, Mes L, Steenhuis M, Griffith GR, Bonta PI, Brouwer PJM, Caniels TG, van der Straten K, Golebski K, Jonkers RE, Larsen MD, Linty F, Nouta J, van Roomen CPAA, van Baarle FEHP, van Drunen CM, Wolbink G, Vlaar APJ, de Bree GJ, Sanders RW, Willemsen L, Neele AE, van de Beek D, Rispens T, Wuhrer M, Bogaard HJ, van Gils MJ, Vidarsson G, de Winther M, den Dunnen J. High titers and low fucosylation of early human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG promote inflammation by alveolar macrophages. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf8654. [PMID: 33979301 PMCID: PMC8158960 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) become critically ill primarily around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence that antibodies play a role in the worsening of disease at the time of seroconversion. We show that early-phase severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces excessive inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for patients with severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-spike IgG from patients with severe COVID-19 is intrinsically more proinflammatory because of different glycosylation, particularly low fucosylation, of the antibody Fc tail. Low fucosylation of anti-spike IgG was normalized in a few weeks after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that the increased antibody-dependent inflammation mainly occurs at the time of seroconversion. We identified Fcγ receptor (FcγR) IIa and FcγRIII as the two primary IgG receptors that are responsible for the induction of key COVID-19-associated cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, we show that anti-spike IgG-activated human macrophages can subsequently break pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induce microvascular thrombosis in vitro. Last, we demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by anti-spike IgG can be specifically counteracted by fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small-molecule inhibitor of Syk kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara E Geyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sona Allahverdiyeva
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xue D Manz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René E Jonkers
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mads D Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 AZ Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cindy P A A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank E H P van Baarle
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Admiraal Helfrichstraat 1, 1056 AA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 AZ Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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34
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Heemskerk N, Gruijs M, Temming AR, Heineke MH, Gout DY, Hellingman T, Tuk CW, Winter PJ, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Bentlage AE, de Donatis M, Bögels M, Rösner T, Valerius T, Bakema JE, Vidarsson G, van Egmond M. Augmented antibody-based anticancer therapeutics boost neutrophil cytotoxicity. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:134680. [PMID: 33561014 DOI: 10.1172/jci134680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most clinically used anticancer mAbs are of the IgG isotype, which can eliminate tumor cells through NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent phagocytosis. IgG, however, ineffectively recruits neutrophils as effector cells. IgA mAbs induce migration and activation of neutrophils through the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI) but are unable to activate NK cells and have poorer half-life. Here, we combined the agonistic activity of IgG mAbs and FcαRI targeting in a therapeutic bispecific antibody format. The resulting TrisomAb molecules recruited NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils as effector cells for eradication of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TrisomAb had long in vivo half-life and strongly decreased B16F10gp75 tumor outgrowth in mice. Importantly, neutrophils of colorectal cancer patients effectively eliminated tumor cells in the presence of anti-EGFR TrisomAb but were less efficient in mediating killing in the presence of IgG anti-EGFR mAb (cetuximab). The clinical application of TrisomAb may provide potential alternatives for cancer patients who do not benefit from current IgG mAb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Heemskerk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Gruijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Robin Temming
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke H Heineke
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Y Gout
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Hellingman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis W Tuk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula J Winter
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur Eh Bentlage
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco de Donatis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marijn Bögels
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jantine E Bakema
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Li D, Lou Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li J, Tao J. Sialylated immunoglobulin G: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5430-5446. [PMID: 33859756 PMCID: PMC8039950 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG), especially autoantibodies, has major implications for the diagnosis and management of a wide range of autoimmune diseases. However, some healthy individuals also have autoantibodies, while a portion of patients with autoimmune diseases test negative for serologic autoantibodies. Recent advances in glycomics have shown that IgG Fc N-glycosylations are more reliable diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers than total IgG autoantibodies in a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, these N-glycosylations of IgG Fc, particularly sialylation, have been reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating inhibitory FcγRIIb on effector macrophages and reducing the affinity of IgG for either complement protein or activating Fc gamma receptors. Therefore, sialylated IgG is a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating pathogenic autoimmunity. IgG sialylation-based therapies for autoimmune diseases generated through genetic, metabolic or chemoenzymatic modifications have made some advances in both preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Mimura Y, Saldova R, Mimura-Kimura Y, Rudd PM, Jefferis R. Importance and Monitoring of Therapeutic Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:481-517. [PMID: 34687020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex diantennary-type oligosaccharides at Asn297 residues of the IgG heavy chains have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation of a mAb is an established critical quality attribute (CQA), and its oligosaccharide profile is required to be thoroughly characterized by state-of-the-art analytical methods. The Fc oligosaccharides are highly heterogeneous, and the differentially glycosylated species (glycoforms) of IgG express unique biological activities. Glycoengineering is a promising approach for the production of selected mAb glycoforms with improved effector functions, and non- and low-fucosylated mAbs exhibiting enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity have been approved or are under clinical evaluation for treatment of cancers, autoimmune/chronic inflammatory diseases, and infection. Recently, the chemoenzymatic glycoengineering method that allows for the transfer of structurally defined oligosaccharides to Asn-linked GlcNAc residues with glycosynthase has been developed for remodeling of IgG-Fc oligosaccharides with high efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, various glycoengineering methods have been developed that utilize the Fc oligosaccharides of IgG as reaction handles to conjugate cytotoxic agents by "click chemistry", providing new routes to the design of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with tightly controlled drug-antibody ratios (DARs) and homogeneity. This review focuses on current understanding of the biological relevance of individual IgG glycoforms and advances in the development of next-generation antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros, Singapore
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pleass RJ. The therapeutic potential of sialylated Fc domains of human IgG. MAbs 2021; 13:1953220. [PMID: 34288809 PMCID: PMC8296966 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1953220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens frequently use multivalent binding to sialic acid to infect cells or to modulate immunity through interactions with human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs). Molecules that interfere with these interactions could be of interest as diagnostics, anti-infectives or as immune modulators. This review describes the development of molecular scaffolds based on the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G that deliver high-avidity binding to innate immune receptors, including sialic acid-dependent receptors. The ways in which the sialylated Fc may be engineered as immune modulators that mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of intravenous polyclonal Ig or as blockers of sialic-acid-dependent infectivity by viruses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Pleass
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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38
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Larsen MD, de Graaf EL, Sonneveld ME, Plomp HR, Nouta J, Hoepel W, Chen HJ, Linty F, Visser R, Brinkhaus M, Šuštić T, de Taeye SW, Bentlage AEH, Toivonen S, Koeleman CAM, Sainio S, Kootstra NA, Brouwer PJM, Geyer CE, Derksen NIL, Wolbink G, de Winther M, Sanders RW, van Gils MJ, de Bruin S, Vlaar APJ, Rispens T, den Dunnen J, Zaaijer HL, Wuhrer M, Ellen van der Schoot C, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity. Science 2020; 371:science.abc8378. [PMID: 33361116 PMCID: PMC7919849 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are divided into several classes based on their nonvariable tail (Fc) domains. These regions interact with disparate immune cell receptors and complement proteins to help instruct distinct immune responses. The Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies contains a conserved N-linked glycan at position 297. However, the particular glycan used at this position is highly variable. IgG lacking core fucosylation at this position initiates enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by increased affinity to the Fc receptor FcRIIIa. Larsen et al. report that COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms have increased levels of anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG afucosylation compared with patients with mild disease. These findings suggest that treatment of COVID-19 patients with fucosylated anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may circumvent pathologies associated with severe COVID-19. Science, this issue p. eabc8378 INTRODUCTION Antibody function is often considered static and mostly determined by isotype and subclass. The conserved N-linked glycan at position 297 in the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is essential for an antibody’s effector functions. Moreover, this glycan is highly variable and functionally relevant, especially for the core fucose moiety. IgG lacking core fucosylation (afucosylated IgG) causes increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through highly increased IgG-Fc receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) affinity. Despite constant levels of total plasma IgG-Fc fucosylation above 90%, specific IgG responses with low core fucosylation have been sporadically reported. These are directed against alloantigens on blood cells and glycoproteins of HIV and dengue virus. In this study, we investigated the induction of afucosylated IgG to various antigens and delineated its dynamics and proinflammatory potential in COVID-19. RATIONALE Afucosylated IgG responses have only been found in various alloimmune responses against cellular blood groups and two enveloped viruses. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that foreign surface–exposed, membrane-embedded proteins induce a specific B cell response that results in afucosylated IgG. We compared immune responses to natural infections by enveloped viruses and nonenveloped viruses, protein subunit vaccination, and live attenuated virus vaccinations. We also assessed the relation to the clinical outcome of such a response in COVID-19. RESULTS Analogous to blood cell alloantigens, the response to all enveloped viruses showed clear signatures of afucosylation of the antigen-specific IgG. By contrast, IgG against the nonenveloped virus, parvovirus B19, were highly fucosylated. The extent of afucosylated IgG responses varied, both between individuals and between antigens. The viral context was essential to induce afucosylated IgG because induction did not occur after subunit vaccination against hepatitis B virus. However, afucosylated IgG responses were found in response to attenuated viruses. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific afucosylated IgG were also found in critically ill COVID-19 patients but not in individuals with mild symptoms. Over the 2 weeks after seroconversion, the amount of fucosylated anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG increased markedly, in most reaching relative levels similar to those found in total IgG. Afucosylated IgG promoted interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in macrophages cultured in vitro, which is in line with an observed association of SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG afucosylation with IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) in these patients. CONCLUSION This work suggests that providing foreign B cell antigens in the context of host cells may be required to trigger an afucosylated IgG immune response. The strength of this response is highly variable for different antigens and between individuals. An afucosylated IgG response is a potent immune response, honed for the destruction of target cells by FcγRIII-expressing natural killer (NK) and myeloid cells. This may sometimes be desirable—for example, against HIV—and can be achieved in vaccines by providing the target as a surface protein, as is the case with attenuated viral vaccines or mRNA vaccines. However, for SARS-CoV-2, this afucosylated IgG response may promote the exacerbation of COVID-19 under conditions with high viral loads at the time of seroconversion. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are crucial for protection against invading pathogens. A highly conserved N-linked glycan within the IgG-Fc tail, which is essential for IgG function, shows variable composition in humans. Afucosylated IgG variants are already used in anticancer therapeutic antibodies for their increased activity through Fc receptors (FcγRIIIa). Here, we report that afucosylated IgG (approximately 6% of total IgG in humans) are specifically formed against enveloped viruses but generally not against other antigens. This mediates stronger FcγRIIIa responses but also amplifies brewing cytokine storms and immune-mediated pathologies. Critically ill COVID-19 patients, but not those with mild symptoms, had high concentrations of afucosylated IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), amplifying proinflammatory cytokine release and acute phase responses. Thus, antibody glycosylation plays a critical role in immune responses to enveloped viruses, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Delbo Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik L de Graaf
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe E Sonneveld
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tonći Šuštić
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara Elisabeth Geyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Bruin
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sjögren J, Lood R, Nägeli A. On enzymatic remodeling of IgG glycosylation; unique tools with broad applications. Glycobiology 2020; 30:254-267. [PMID: 31616919 PMCID: PMC7109354 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of IgG glycosylation has been known for many years not only by scientists in glycobiology but also by human pathogens that have evolved specific enzymes to modify these glycans with fundamental impact on IgG function. The rise of IgG as a major therapeutic scaffold for many cancer and immunological indications combined with the availability of unique enzymes acting specifically on IgG Fc-glycans have spurred a range of applications to study this important post-translational modification on IgG. This review article introduces why the IgG glycans are of distinguished interest, gives a background on the unique enzymatic tools available to study the IgG glycans and finally presents an overview of applications utilizing these enzymes for various modifications of the IgG glycans. The applications covered include site-specific glycan transglycosylation and conjugation, analytical workflows for monoclonal antibodies and serum diagnostics. Additionally, the review looks ahead and discusses the importance of O-glycosylation for IgG3, Fc-fusion proteins and other new formats of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Lood
- Genovis AB, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
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40
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de Haan N, Falck D, Wuhrer M. Monitoring of immunoglobulin N- and O-glycosylation in health and disease. Glycobiology 2020; 30:226-240. [PMID: 31281930 PMCID: PMC7225405 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein N- and O-glycosylation are well known co- and post-translational modifications of immunoglobulins. Antibody glycosylation on the Fab and Fc portion is known to influence antigen binding and effector functions, respectively. To study associations between antibody glycosylation profiles and (patho) physiological states as well as antibody functionality, advanced technologies and methods are required. In-depth structural characterization of antibody glycosylation usually relies on the separation and tandem mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of released glycans. Protein- and site-specific information, on the other hand, may be obtained by the MS analysis of glycopeptides. With the development of high-resolution mass spectrometers, antibody glycosylation analysis at the intact or middle-up level has gained more interest, providing an integrated view of different post-translational modifications (including glycosylation). Alongside the in-depth methods, there is also great interest in robust, high-throughput techniques for routine glycosylation profiling in biopharma and clinical laboratories. With an emphasis on IgG Fc glycosylation, several highly robust separation-based techniques are employed for this purpose. In this review, we describe recent advances in MS methods, separation techniques and orthogonal approaches for the characterization of immunoglobulin glycosylation in different settings. We put emphasis on the current status and expected developments of antibody glycosylation analysis in biomedical, biopharmaceutical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Irvine EB, Alter G. Understanding the role of antibody glycosylation through the lens of severe viral and bacterial diseases. Glycobiology 2020; 30:241-253. [PMID: 32103252 PMCID: PMC7109349 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidence points to a critical role for antibodies in protection and pathology across infectious diseases. While the antibody variable domain facilitates antibody binding and the blockade of infection, the constant domain (Fc) mediates cross talk with the innate immune system. The biological activity of the Fc region is controlled genetically via class switch recombination, resulting in the selection of distinct antibody isotypes and subclasses. However, a second modification is made to all antibodies, via post-translational changes in antibody glycosylation. Studies from autoimmunity and oncology have established the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc glycosylation as a key regulator of humoral immune activity. However, a growing body of literature, exploring IgG Fc glycosylation through the lens of infectious diseases, points to the role of inflammation in shaping Fc-glycan profiles, the remarkable immune plasticity in antibody glycosylation across pathogen-exposed populations, the canonical and noncanonical functions of glycans and the existence of antigen-specific control over antibody Fc glycosylation. Ultimately, this work provides critical new insights into the functional roles for antibody glycosylation as well as lays the foundation for leveraging antibody glycosylation to drive prevention or control across diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Irvine
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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42
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Cambay F, Raymond C, Brochu D, Gilbert M, Tu TM, Cantin C, Lenferink A, Grail M, Henry O, De Crescenzo G, Durocher Y. Impact of IgG1 N-glycosylation on their interaction with Fc gamma receptors. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 1:23-37. [PMID: 35493857 PMCID: PMC9040152 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effector functions of the IgGs are modulated by the N-glycosylation of their Fc region. Particularly, the absence of core fucosylation is known to increase the affinity of IgG1s for the Fcγ receptor IIIa expressed by immune cells, in turn translating in an improvement in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, the impact of galactosylation and sialylation is still debated in the literature. In this study, we have investigated the influence of high and low levels of core fucosylation, terminal galactosylation and terminal α2,6-sialylation of the Fc N-glycans of trastuzumab on its affinity for the FcγRIIIa. A large panel of antibody glycoforms (i.e., highly α2,6-sialylated or galactosylated IgG1s, with high or low levels of core fucosylation) were generated and characterized, while their interactions with the FcγRs were analysed by a robust surface plasmon resonance-based assay as well as in a cell-based reporter bioassay. Overall, IgG1 glycoforms with reduced fucosylation display a stronger affinity for the FcγRIIIa. In addition, fucosylation, and the presence of terminal galactose and sialic acids are shown to increase the affinity for the FcγRIIIa as compared to the agalactosylated forms. These observations perfectly translate in the response observed in our reporter bioassay. Rapid production in CHO cells of IgGs bearing defined and relevant N-glycans IgG1 N-glycosylation influence upon FcγRs binding studied in a robust SPR assay Excellent correlation between the EC50 from a cell-based assay and the affinities
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43
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Zhao J, Peng W, Dong X, Mechref Y. Analysis of NIST Monoclonal Antibody Reference Material Glycosylation Using the LC-MS/MS-Based Glycoproteomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:818-830. [PMID: 33196194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics such as mAbs have become emerging drugs in modern medicine. Most of the approved therapeutic proteins are glycoproteins. Glycosylation is an essential critical quality attribute (CQA) due to the influence that glycoforms have on the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of biotherapeutics. Here, we applied an LC-MS/MS-based glycoproteomics approach to characterize Fc glycans of an NISTmAb reference material (RM) 8671 (sample B) and a β-1,4-galactosidase-treated NISTmAb (sample A). Overall, 48 glycan compositions were identified and quantified. The glycan structure with the highest abundance was FA2, with a relative abundance of 52% in sample A and 38% in sample B. Over 50% of the identified glycans presented at levels smaller than 0.1%. Important glycan attributes were further derived using the quantitative results. The galactosylation level of modified NISTmAb was found to decrease by ∼10% when compared to the galactosylation level of NISTmAb. There was no significant difference between the two samples in the levels of sialylation, fucosylation, and high mannose. Moreover, unglycosylated peptides were also observed at a level of 1-2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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44
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Temming AR, Bentlage AEH, de Taeye SW, Bosman GP, Lissenberg-Thunnissen SN, Derksen NIL, Brasser G, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Howie HL, Zimring JC, Vidarsson G. Cross-reactivity of mouse IgG subclasses to human Fc gamma receptors: Antibody deglycosylation only eliminates IgG2b binding. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:79-86. [PMID: 32947169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are important for protection against pathogens and exert effector functions through binding to IgG-Fc receptors (FcγRs) on myeloid and natural killer cells, resulting in destruction of opsonized target cells. Despite interspecies differences, IgG subclasses and FcγRs show substantial similarities and functional conservation between mammals. Accordingly, binding of human IgG (hIgG) to mouse FcγRs (mFcγRs) has been utilized to study effector functions of hIgG in mice. In other applications, such as immunostaining with mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), these cross-reactivities are undesired and prone to misinterpretation. Despite this drawback, the binding of mouse IgG (mIgG) subclasses to human FcγR (hFcγR) classes has never been fully documented. Here, we report detailed and quantifiable characterization of binding affinities for all mIgG subclasses to hFcγRs, including functional polymorphic variants. mIgG subclasses show the strongest binding to hFcγRIa, with relative affinities mIgG2a = mIgG2c > mIgG3 >> mIgG2b, and no binding by mIgG1. hFcγRIIa/b showed general low reactivities to all mIgG (mIgG1> mIgG2a/c > mIgG2b), with no reactivity to mIgG3. A particularly high affinity was observed for mIgG1 to the hFcγRIIa-R131 polymorphic variant. hFcγRIIIa showed lower binding (mIgG2a/c > mIgG3), slightly favouring binding to the hFcγRIIIa-V158 over the F158 polymorphic variant. No binding was observed of mIgG to hFcγRIIIb. Deglycosylation of mIgG1 did not abrogate binding to hFcγRIIa-R131, nor did deglycosylation of mIgG2a/c and mIgG3 prevent hFcγRIa binding. Importantly, deglycosylation of the least cross-reactive mIgG subclass, mIgG2b, abrogated reactivity to all hFcγRs. Together, these data document for the first time the full spectrum of cross-reactivities of mouse IgG to human FcγRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Robin Temming
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof P Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne N Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Heather L Howie
- Department of Pathology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kallolimath S, Hackl T, Gahn R, Grünwald-Gruber C, Zich W, Kogelmann B, Lux A, Nimmerjahn F, Steinkellner H. Expression Profiling and Glycan Engineering of IgG Subclass 1-4 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:825. [PMID: 32793574 PMCID: PMC7393800 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG, the main serum immunoglobulin isotype, exists in four subclasses which selectively appear with distinctive glycosylation profiles. However, very little is known about the biological consequences mainly due to the difficulties in the generation of distinct IgG subtypes with targeted glycosylation. Here, we show a comprehensive expression and glycan modulation profiling of IgG variants in planta that are identical in their antigen binding domain but differ in their subclass appearance. While IgG1, 2, and 4 exhibit similar expression levels and purification yields, IgG3 is generated only at low levels due to the in planta degradation of the heavy chain. All IgG subtypes are produced with four distinct N-glycosylation profiles, differing in sugar residues previously shown to impact IgG activities, i.e., galactosylation, sialylation and core fucosylation. Affinity purified IgG variants are shown to be fully assembled to heterodimers but display different biochemical/physical features. All subtypes are equally well amenable to targeted glycosylation, except sialylated IgG4 which frequently accumulates substantial fractions of unusual oligo-mannosidic structures. IgG variants show significant differences in aggregate formation and endotoxin contamination which are eliminated by additional polishing steps (size exclusion chromatography, endotoxin removal treatments). Collectively we demonstrate the generation of 16 IgG variants at high purity and large glycan homogeneity which constitute an excellent toolbox to further study the biological impact of the two main Fc features, subclass and glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanath Kallolimath
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Gahn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wilhelm Zich
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kogelmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Lux
- Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Herta Steinkellner,
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Chen Q, Tan Z, Guan F, Ren Y. The Essential Functions and Detection of Bisecting GlcNAc in Cell Biology. Front Chem 2020; 8:511. [PMID: 32719771 PMCID: PMC7350706 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycans of mammalian glycoproteins vary greatly in structure, and the biological importance of these variations is mostly unknown. It is widely acknowledged that the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) structure, a β1,4-linked GlcNAc attached to the core β-mannose residue, represents a special type of N-glycosylated modification, and it has been reported to be involved in various biological processes, such as cell adhesion, fertilization and fetal development, neuritogenesis, and tumor development. In particular, the occurrence of N-glycans with a bisecting GlcNAc modification on proteins has been proven, with many implications for immune biology. Due to the essential functions of bisecting GlcNAc structures, analytical approaches to this modification are highly required. The traditional approach that has been used for bisecting GlcNAc determinations is based on the lectin recognition of Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E); however, poor binding specificity hinders the application of this method. With the development of mass spectrometry (MS) with high resolution and improved sensitivity and accuracy, MS-based glycomic analysis has provided precise characterization and quantification for glycosylation modification. In this review, we first provide an overview of the bisecting GlcNAc structure and its biological importance in neurological systems, immune tolerance, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and tumor metastasis and development and then summarize approaches to its determination by MS for performing precise functional studies. This review is valuable for those readers who are interested in the importance of bisecting GlcNAc in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zengqi Tan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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47
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Donald LJ, Spearman M, Mishra N, Komatsu E, Butler M, Perreault H. Mass spectrometric analysis of core fucosylation and sequence variation in a human-camelid monoclonal antibody. Mol Omics 2020; 16:221-230. [PMID: 32163054 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to measure the masses of an intact dimeric monoclonal antibody (Mab) and assess the fucosylation level. The Mab under study was EG2-hFc, a chimeric human-camelid antibody of about 80 kDa (A. Bell et al., Cancer Lett., 2010, 289(1), 81-90). It was obtained from cell culture with and without a fucosylation inhibitor, and treated with EndoS which cleaves between the two core N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. It is the first time that this combined approach with a unique mass spectrometer was used to measure 146 Da differences as part of a large intact dimeric antibody. Results showed that in the dimer, both heavy chains were fucosylated on the core GlcNAc of the Fc Asn site equivalent to Asn297. In the presence of the fucosylation inhibitor, fucosylation was lost on both subunits. Following reduction, monomers were analyzed and the masses obtained corroborated the dimer results. Dimeric EG2-hFc Mab treated with PNGase F, to deglycosylate the protein, was also measured by MS for mass comparison. In spite of the success of fucosylation level measurements, the experimental masses of deglycosylated dimers and GlcNAc-Fuc bearing dimers did not correspond to masses of our sequence of reference (A. Bell et al., Cancer Lett., 2010, 289(1), 81-90; ; ), which prompted experiments to determine the protein backbone sequence. Digest mixtures from trypsin, GluC, as well as trypsin + GluC proteolysis were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS and MS/MS. A few variations were found relative to the reference sequence, which are discussed in detail herein. These measurements allowed us to build a new "experimental" sequence for the EG2-hFc samples investigated in this work, although there are still ambiguities to be resolved in this new sequence. MALDI-MS/MS also confirmed the fucosylation pattern in the Fc tryptic peptide EEQYNSTYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda J Donald
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Cambay F, Forest-Nault C, Dumoulin L, Seguin A, Henry O, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Glycosylation of Fcγ receptors influences their interaction with various IgG1 glycoforms. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:144-158. [PMID: 32222585 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) family; they interact with the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) at the surface of immune cells to trigger effector functions. The IgG1-Fc N-glycans impact the interaction with FcγRs and are considered a critical quality attribute. Pioneer studies on FcγR N-glycans have unveiled an additional complexity in that the N-glycan linked on the Asn-162 of FcγRIIIa was shown to be directly involved in the strong affinity for afucosylated IgG1. The last few years have thus seen the emergence of many studies investigating the complex influence of FcγRIIIa N-glycans on the interaction with IgG1 through their glycosylation sites or their glycoprofiles. In this context, we performed site-directed mutagenesis along with glycoengineering on FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIIaH131/b and FcγRIIIaV158/F158) in an effort to elucidate the impact of FcγRs N-glycans on the interaction with IgG1. Furthermore, we assessed their binding to various trastuzumab glycoforms with an enhanced surface plasmon resonance assay. The FcγRIIIa N-glycans had the highest impact on the interaction with IgG1. More specifically, the N162 glycan positively influenced the affinity (15-fold) for afucosylated IgG1 while the N45 glycan presented a negative impact (2-fold) regardless of the IgG1 glycoforms. Interestingly, only the FcγRIIIa glycoprofile had an impact on the interaction with IgG1 with a 1.5-fold affinity increase when FcγRIIIa displays high-mannose glycans. These results provide invaluable insights into the complex and strong influence of N-glycosylation upon FcγRs/IgG1 binding and are instrumental to further understand the impact of FcγRs N-glycosylation in their natural forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cambay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Forest-Nault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lea Dumoulin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexis Seguin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Blundell PA, Lu D, Dell A, Haslam S, Pleass RJ. Choice of Host Cell Line Is Essential for the Functional Glycosylation of the Fc Region of Human IgG1 Inhibitors of Influenza B Viruses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:1022-1034. [PMID: 31907284 PMCID: PMC6994840 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abs are glycoproteins that carry a conserved N-linked carbohydrate attached to the Fc whose presence and fine structure profoundly impacts on their in vivo immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and functional attributes. The host cell line used to produce IgG plays a major role in this glycosylation, as different systems express different glycosylation enzymes and transporters that contribute to the specificity and heterogeneity of the final IgG-Fc glycosylation profile. In this study, we compare two panels of glycan-adapted IgG1-Fc mutants expressed in either the human endothelial kidney 293-F or Chinese hamster ovary-K1 systems. We show that the types of N-linked glycans between matched pairs of Fc mutants vary greatly and in particular, with respect, to sialylation. These cell line effects on glycosylation profoundly influence the ability of the engineered Fcs to interact with either human or pathogen receptors. For example, we describe Fc mutants that potently disrupted influenza B-mediated agglutination of human erythrocytes when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary-K1, but not in human endothelial kidney 293-F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Blundell
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Pleass
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
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50
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Stach CS, McCann MG, O’Brien CM, Le TS, Somia N, Chen X, Lee K, Fu HY, Daoutidis P, Zhao L, Hu WS, Smanski M. Model-Driven Engineering of N-Linked Glycosylation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2524-2535. [PMID: 31596566 PMCID: PMC7034315 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used for industrial production of protein-based therapeutics (i.e., "biologics"). Here we describe a method for combining systems-level kinetic models with a synthetic biology platform for multigene overexpression to rationally perturb N-linked glycosylation. Specifically, we sought to increase galactose incorporation on a secreted Immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein. We rationally design, build, and test a total of 23 transgenic cell pools that express single or three-gene glycoengineering cassettes comprising a total of 100 kilobases of engineered DNA sequence. Through iterative engineering and model refinement, we rationally increase the fraction of bigalactosylated glycans five-fold from 11.9% to 61.9% and simultaneously decrease the glycan heterogeneity on the secreted IgG. Our approach allows for rapid hypothesis testing and identification of synergistic behavior from genetic perturbations by bridging systems and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Stach
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute
| | | | | | - Tung S. Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nikunj Somia
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Xinning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Hsu-Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | | | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Michael Smanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute
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