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George N, Xiao J. Inhibiting sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase: From efficacy to mechanism. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106585. [PMID: 38955289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a lipid metabolite regulating diverse biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, highlighting its physiological and therapeutic significance. Current S1P-based therapeutic approaches primarily focus on modulating the downstream signalling via targeting S1P receptors, however, this is challenged by incomplete receptor internalisation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is a highly conserved enzyme that "gatekeeps" the final step of S1P degradation. Cognisant of the complex ligand and receptor interaction and dynamic metabolic networks, the selective modulation of SPL activity presents a new opportunity to regulate S1P biosynthesis and reveal its role in various systems. Over the past decade, an evolving effort has been made to identify new molecules that could block SPL activity in vitro or in vivo. This review focuses on summarising the current understanding of the reported SPL inhibitors identified through various screening approaches, discussing their efficacy in diverse model systems and the possible mechanism of action. Whilst effective modulation of S1P levels via inhibiting SPL is feasible, the specificity of those inhibitors remains inconclusive, presenting a clear challenge for future implications. Yet, none of the currently available SPL inhibitors is proven effective in elevating S1P levels within the central nervous system. This review article embraces future research focusing on investigating selective SPL inhibitors with high potency and possibly blood-brain-barrier permeability, which would aid the development of new S1P-based therapeutics for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson George
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Diaz Escarcega R, Murambadoro K, Valencia R, Moruno-Manchon JF, Furr Stimming EE, Jung SY, Tsvetkov AS. Sphingosine kinase 2 regulates protein ubiquitination networks in neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 130:103948. [PMID: 38909878 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Two sphingosine kinase isoforms, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2), synthesize the lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by phosphorylating sphingosine. SPHK1 is a cytoplasmic kinase, and SPHK2 is localized to the nucleus and other organelles. In the cytoplasm, the SPHK1/S1P pathway modulates autophagy and protein ubiquitination, among other processes. In the nucleus, the SPHK2/S1P pathway regulates transcription. Here, we hypothesized that the SPHK2/S1P pathway governs protein ubiquitination in neurons. We found that ectopic expression of SPHK2 increases ubiquitinated substrate levels in cultured neurons and pharmacologically inhibiting SPHK2 decreases protein ubiquitination. With mass spectrometry, we discovered that inhibiting SPHK2 affects lipid and synaptic protein networks as well as a ubiquitin-dependent protein network. Several ubiquitin-conjugating and hydrolyzing proteins, such as the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases HUWE1 and TRIP12, the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2Z, and the ubiquitin-specific proteases USP15 and USP30, were downregulated by SPHK2 inhibition. Using RNA sequencing, we found that inhibiting SPHK2 altered lipid and neuron-specific gene networks, among others. Genes that encode the corresponding proteins from the ubiquitin-dependent protein network that we discovered with mass spectrometry were not affected by inhibiting SPHK2, indicating that the SPHK2/S1P pathway regulates ubiquitination at the protein level. We also show that both SPHK2 and HUWE1 were upregulated in the striatum of a mouse model of Huntington's disease, the BACHD mice, indicating that our findings are relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Our results identify SPHK2/S1P as a novel regulator of protein ubiquitination networks in neurons and provide a new target for developing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Diaz Escarcega
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Karen Murambadoro
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Valencia
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Erin E Furr Stimming
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Andrey S Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; UTHealth Consortium on Aging, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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3
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Xiao J. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase in the Developing and Injured Nervous System: a Dichotomy? Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6869-6882. [PMID: 37507574 PMCID: PMC10657793 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is the terminal enzyme that controls the degradation of the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) within an interconnected sphingolipid metabolic network. The unique metabolic position of SPL in maintaining S1P levels implies SPL could be an emerging new therapeutic target. Over the past decade, an evolving effort has been made to unravel the role of SPL in the nervous system; however, to what extent SPL influences the developing and mature nervous system through altering S1P biosynthesis remains opaque. While congenital SPL deletion is associated with deficits in the developing nervous system, the loss of SPL activity in adults appears to be neuroprotective in acquired neurological disorders. The controversial findings concerning SPL's role in the nervous system are further constrained by the current genetic and pharmacological tools. This review attempts to focus on the multi-faceted nature of SPL function in the mammalian nervous systems, implying its dichotomy in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). This article also highlights SPL is emerging as a therapeutic molecule that can be selectively targeted to modulate S1P for the treatment of acquired neurodegenerative diseases, raising new questions for future investigation. The development of cell-specific inducible conditional SPL mutants and selective pharmacological tools will allow the precise understanding of SPL's function in the adult CNS, which will aid the development of a new strategy focusing on S1P-based therapies for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xiao
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3022, Australia.
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4
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Xiao S, Peng K, Li C, Long Y, Yu Q. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in autophagy and related disorders. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:380. [PMID: 37852968 PMCID: PMC10584985 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
S1P, also referred to as sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a lipid molecule with bioactive properties involved in numerous cellular processes such as cell growth, movement, programmed cell death, self-degradation, cell specialization, aging, and immune system reactions. Autophagy is a meticulously controlled mechanism in which cells repurpose their elements to maintain cellular balance. There are five stages in autophagy: initiation, nucleation, elongation and maturation, fusion, and degradation. New research has provided insight into the complex connection between S1P and autophagy, uncovering their interaction in both normal and abnormal circumstances. Gaining knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of S1P signaling on autophagy can offer a valuable understanding of its function in well-being and illness, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic concepts for diverse ailments. Hence, this review analyzes the essential stages in mammalian autophagy, with a specific emphasis on recent research exploring the control of each stage by S1P. Additionally, it sheds light on the roles of S1P-induced autophagy in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kaixin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Congxin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China.
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Tonev D, Momchilova A. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7749-7774. [PMID: 37886933 PMCID: PMC10605592 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is predominantly an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology with a possible genetic predisposition and effect of certain environmental factors. It is generally accepted that the disease begins with an autoimmune inflammatory reaction targeting oligodendrocytes followed by a rapid depletion of their regenerative capacity with subsequent permanent neurodegenerative changes and disability. Recent research highlights the central role of B lymphocytes and the corresponding IgG and IgM autoantibodies in newly forming MS lesions. Thus, their removal along with the modulation of certain bioactive molecules to improve neuroprotection using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) becomes of utmost importance. Recently, it has been proposed to determine the levels and precise effects of both beneficial and harmful components in the serum of MS patients undergoing TPE to serve as markers for appropriate TPE protocols. In this review we discuss some relevant examples, focusing on the removal of pathogenic circulating factors and altering the plasma levels of nerve growth factor and sphingosine-1-phosphate by TPE. Altered plasma levels of the reviewed molecular compounds in response to TPE reflect a successful reduction of the pro-inflammatory burden at the expense of an increase in anti-inflammatory potential in the circulatory and CNS compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Alam S, Afsar SY, Wolter MA, Volk LM, Mitroi DN, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, van Echten-Deckert G. S1P Lyase Deficiency in the Brain Promotes Astrogliosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Purinergic Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37508508 PMCID: PMC10378183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical players in brain health and disease. Brain pathologies and lesions are usually accompanied by astroglial alterations known as reactive astrogliosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) catalysis, the final step in sphingolipid catabolism, irreversibly cleaves its substrate sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). We have shown that neural ablation of SGPL1 causes accumulation of S1P and hence neuronal damage, cognitive deficits, as well as microglial activation. Moreover, the S1P/S1P-receptor signaling axis enhances ATP production in SGPL1-deficient astrocytes. Using immunohistochemical methods as well as RNA Seq and CUT&Tag we show how S1P signaling causes activation of the astrocytic purinoreceptor P2Y1 (P2Y1R). With specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, we uncover the P2Y1R as the key player in S1P-induced astrogliosis, and DDX3X mediated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including caspase-1 and henceforward generation of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and of other proinflammatory cytokines. Our results provide a novel route connecting S1P metabolism and signaling with astrogliosis and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a central player in neuroinflammation, known to be crucial for the pathogenesis of numerous brain illnesses. Thus, our study opens the door for new therapeutic strategies surrounding S1P metabolism and signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sumaiya Yasmeen Afsar
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maya Anik Wolter
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Michelle Volk
- Institute for General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Nicolae Mitroi
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute for General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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7
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Pournasiri Z, Madani A, Nazarpack F, Sayer JA, Chavoshzadeh Z, Nili F, Tran P, Saba JD, Jamee M. Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome: a systematic review. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:425-437. [PMID: 36371483 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) or nephrotic syndrome type-14 is caused by biallelic mutations in SGPL1. Here, we conducted a systematic review to delineate the characteristics of SPLIS patients. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and eligible studies were included. For all patients, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and molecular data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-five SPLIS patients (54.9% male, 45.1% female) were identified in 19 articles. Parental consanguinity and positive family history were reported in 70.9% and 52.7% of patients, respectively. Most patients (54.9%) primarily manifested within the first year of life, nearly half of whom survived, while all patients with a prenatal diagnosis of SPLIS (27.5%) died at a median [interquartile (IQR)] age of 2 (1.4-5.3) months (P = 0.003). The most prevalent clinical feature was endocrinopathies, including primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) (71.2%) and hypothyroidism (32.7%). Kidney disorders (42, 80.8%) were mainly in the form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 19 (36.5%) patients at a median (IQR) age of 6 (1.4-42.6) months. Among 30 different mutations in SGPL1, the most common was c.665G > A (p.Arg222Gln) in 11 (20%) patients. Twenty-six (49.1%) patients with available outcome were deceased at a median (IQR) age of 5 (1.5-30.5) months, mostly following ESKD (23%) or sepsis/septic shock (23%). CONCLUSION In patients with PAI and/or SRNS, SGPL1 should be added to diagnostic genetic panels, which can provide an earlier diagnosis of SPLIS and prevention of ESKD and other life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pournasiri
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Madani
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nazarpack
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE45PL, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Zahra Chavoshzadeh
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 15514-15468, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paulina Tran
- Allergy Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mahnaz Jamee
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 15514-15468, Iran.
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Wieczorek I, Strosznajder RP. Recent Insight into the Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076180. [PMID: 37047151 PMCID: PMC10093903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in the irreversible degradation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-a bioactive sphingolipid that modulates a broad range of biological processes (cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival; mitochondrial functioning; and gene expression). Although SPL activity leads to a decrease in the available pool of S1P in the cell, at the same time, hexadecenal and phosphoethanolamine, compounds with potential biological activity, are generated. The increased expression and/or activity of SPL, and hence the imbalance between S1P and the end products of its cleavage, were demonstrated in several pathological states. On the other hand, loss-of-function mutations in the SPL encoding gene are a cause of severe developmental impairments. Recently, special attention has been paid to neurodegenerative diseases as the most common pathologies of the nervous system. This review summarizes the current findings concerning the role of SPL in the nervous system with an emphasis on neurodegeneration. Moreover, it briefly discusses pharmacological compounds directed to inhibit its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Wieczorek
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Piotr Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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van Echten-Deckert G. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in brain health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108381. [PMID: 36907249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential structural and functional components of the central nervous system (CNS). Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components which were discovered in the brain in the late 19th century. In mammals, the brain contains the highest concentration of sphingolipids in the body. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) derived from membrane sphingolipids evokes multiple cellular responses which, depending on its concentration and localization, make S1P a double-edged sword in the brain. In the present review we highlight the role of S1P in brain development and focus on the often contrasting findings regarding its contributions to the initiation, progression and potential recovery of different brain pathologies, including neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain cancers, and psychiatric illnesses. A detailed understanding of the critical implications of S1P in brain health and disease may open the door for new therapeutic options. Thus, targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes and/or signaling pathways might help overcome, or at least ameliorate, several brain illnesses.
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10
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Alam S, Afsar SY, Van Echten-Deckert G. S1P Released by SGPL1-Deficient Astrocytes Enhances Astrocytic ATP Production via S1PR 2,4, Thus Keeping Autophagy in Check: Potential Consequences for Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054581. [PMID: 36902011 PMCID: PMC10003137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical players in brain health and disease. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive signaling lipid, is involved in several vital processes, including cellular proliferation, survival, and migration. It was shown to be crucial for brain development. Its absence is embryonically lethal, affecting, inter alia, the anterior neural tube closure. However, an excess of S1P due to mutations in S1P-lyase (SGPL1), the enzyme responsible for its constitutive removal, is also harmful. Of note, the gene SGPL1 maps to a region prone to mutations in several human cancers and also in S1P-lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) characterized by several symptoms, including peripheral and central neurological defects. Here, we investigated the impact of S1P on astrocytes in a mouse model with the neural-targeted ablation of SGPL1. We found that SGPL1 deficiency, and hence the accumulation of its substrate, S1P, causes the elevated expression of glycolytic enzymes and preferentially directs pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle through its receptors (S1PR2,4). In addition, the activity of TCA regulatory enzymes was increased, and consequently, so was the cellular ATP content. The high energy load activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thus keeping astrocytic autophagy in check. Possible consequences for the viability of neurons are discussed.
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Pepe G, Capocci L, Marracino F, Realini N, Lenzi P, Martinello K, Bovier TF, Bichell TJ, Scarselli P, Di Cicco C, Bowman AB, Digilio FA, Fucile S, Fornai F, Armirotti A, Parlato R, Di Pardo A, Maglione V. Treatment with THI, an inhibitor of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase, modulates glycosphingolipid metabolism and results therapeutically effective in experimental models of Huntington's disease. Mol Ther 2023; 31:282-299. [PMID: 36116006 PMCID: PMC9840122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no effective cure currently available. Over the past few years our research has shown that alterations in sphingolipid metabolism represent a critical determinant in HD pathogenesis. In particular, aberrant metabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been reported in multiple disease settings, including human postmortem brains from HD patients. In this study, we investigate the potential therapeutic effect of the inhibition of S1P degradative enzyme SGPL1, by the chronic administration of the 2-acetyl-5-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) inhibitor. We show that THI mitigated motor dysfunctions in both mouse and fly models of HD. The compound evoked the activation of pro-survival pathways, normalized levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, preserved white matter integrity, and stimulated synaptic functions in HD mice. Metabolically, THI restored normal levels of hexosylceramides and stimulated the autophagic and lysosomal machinery, facilitating the reduction of nuclear inclusions of both wild-type and mutant huntingtin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia Realini
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Francesca Bovier
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), UOS Naples-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Terry Jo Bichell
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Filomena A Digilio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), UOS Naples-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Rome University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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12
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Atreya KB, Saba JD. Neurological Consequences of Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:938693. [PMID: 36187293 PMCID: PMC9519528 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.938693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, an inborn error of metabolism caused by recessive mutations in SGPL1 was discovered. The disease features steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and neurological defects. The latter can include sensorineural hearing loss, cranial nerve defects, peripheral neuropathy, abnormal brain development, seizures and/or neurodegeneration. SGPL1 encodes the pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL), and the condition is now referred to as SPL insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS). SPL catalyzes the final step in the degradative pathway of sphingolipids in which the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is irreversibly degraded to a long chain aldehyde and phosphoethanolamine (PE). SPL guards the only exit point for sphingolipid metabolism, and its inactivation leads to accumulation of various types of sphingolipids which have biophysical roles in plasma membrane rafts and myelin, and signaling roles in cell cycle progression, vesicular trafficking, cell migration, and programmed cell death. In addition, the products of the SPL reaction have biological functions including regulation of autophagic flux, which is important in axonal and neuronal integrity. In this review, the neurological manifestations of SPLIS will be described, and insights regarding the neurological consequences of SPL insufficiency from the study of brain-specific SPL knockout mice and Drosophila SPL mutants will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan B. Atreya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Julie D. Saba
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13
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Yang W, Zhou B, Liu Q, Liu T, Wang H, Zhang P, Lu L, Zhang L, Zhang F, Huang R, Zhou J, Chao T, Gu Y, Lee S, Wang H, Liang Y, He L. A Murine Point Mutation of Sgpl1 Skin Is Enriched With Vγ6 IL17-Producing Cell and Revealed With Hyperpigmentation After Imiquimod Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:728455. [PMID: 35769463 PMCID: PMC9234551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.728455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase is encoded by the Sgpl1 gene, degrades S1P, and is crucial for S1P homeostasis in animal models and humans. S1P lyase deficient patients suffer from adrenal insufficiency, severe lymphopenia, and skin disorders. In this study, we used random mutagenesis screening to identify a mouse line carrying a missense mutation of Sgpl1 (M467K). This mutation caused similar pathologies as Sgpl1 knock-out mice in multiple organs, but greatly preserved its lifespan, which M467K mutation mice look normal under SPF conditions for over 40 weeks, in contrast, the knock-out mice live no more than 6 weeks. When treated with Imiquimod, Sgpl1M467K mice experienced exacerbated skin inflammation, as revealed by aggravated acanthosis and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. We also demonstrated that the IL17a producing Vγ6+ cell was enriched in Sgpl1M467K skin and caused severe pathology after imiquimod treatment. Interestingly, hyperchromic plaque occurred in the mutant mice one month after Imiquimod treatment but not in the controls, which resembled the skin disorder found in Sgpl1 deficient patients. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Sgpl1M467K point mutation mice successfully modeled a human disease after being treated with Imiquimod. We also revealed a major subset of γδT cells in the skin, IL17 secreting Vγ6 T cells were augmented by Sgpl1 deficiency and led to skin pathology. Therefore, we have, for the first time, linked the IL17a and γδT cells to SPL insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Taozhen Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fanghui Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- CeleScreen SAS, Paris, France
| | - Rong Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jitong Zhou
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang, ; Yinming Liang, ; Le He,
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang, ; Yinming Liang, ; Le He,
| | - Le He
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang, ; Yinming Liang, ; Le He,
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14
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Wolf JJ, Saba JD, Hahm B. Analyzing Opposing Interactions Between Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase and Influenza A Virus. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:331-335. [PMID: 35325556 PMCID: PMC9063141 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is a critical component of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) metabolism. SPL has been associated with several crucial cellular functions due to its role in S1P metabolism, but its role in viral infections is poorly understood. Studies show that SPL has an antiviral function against influenza A virus (IAV) by interacting with IKKɛ, promoting the type I interferon (IFN) innate immune response to IAV infection. However, a more recent study has revealed that IAV NS1 protein hampers this by triggering ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of SPL, which reduces the type I IFN innate immune response. In this study, we describe SPL, the type I IFN response, and known interactions between SPL and IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Wolf
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Address correspondence to: Bumsuk Hahm, PhD, Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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15
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Tanaka Y, Okabe S, Ohyashiki K, Gotoh A. Potential of a sphingosine 1‑phosphate receptor antagonist and sphingosine kinase inhibitors as targets for multiple myeloma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:111. [PMID: 35251342 PMCID: PMC8850960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid involved in cancer progression through its binding to S1P receptors (S1PRs). However, the association between multiple myeloma (MM) and S1P is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the potential anti-cancer effects of fingolimod and sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitors in myeloma cells and the effects of S1P-induced chemoresistance and neovascularization on MM cell proliferation. MM cell lines were treated with the S1PR1 antagonist fingolimod and the SK inhibitors ABC294640 and SK1-I, after which cell proliferation was measured. Protein expression was also assessed under each condition using immunoblotting. Serum S1P levels in patients with MM, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and healthy volunteers were assessed. Human umbilical vessel cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured with anti-S1P agents to assess the effect on cell migration. All treatments suppressed myeloma cell proliferation and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis by suppressing S1P activity. These findings suggest that S1P activation is associated with proliferation and survival for MM cells. S1P attenuated the proteosome inhibitor (PI) effect, while the anti-S1P agents recovered the effect. In addition, S1P promoted the migration and proliferation of HUVECs, whereas the S1P inhibitors reduced the influence of S1P. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of anti-S1P agents for MM treatment. Inhibition of S1P function may overcome resistance to PI developed by myeloma cells and inhibit the changes to the bone marrow microenvironment via neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tanaka
- Division of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okabe
- Division of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ohyashiki
- Division of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gotoh
- Division of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
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16
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Gurgul-Convey E. To Be or Not to Be: The Divergent Action and Metabolism of Sphingosine-1 Phosphate in Pancreatic Beta-Cells in Response to Cytokines and Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031638. [PMID: 35163559 PMCID: PMC8835924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with multiple functions conveyed by the activation of cell surface receptors and/or intracellular mediators. A growing body of evidence indicates its important role in pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells that are necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The dysfunction and/or death of beta-cells lead to diabetes development. Diabetes is a serious public health burden with incidence growing rapidly in recent decades. The two major types of diabetes are the autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the metabolic stress-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Despite many differences in the development, both types of diabetes are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. The inflammatory component of diabetes remains under-characterized. Recent years have brought new insights into the possible mechanism involved in the increased inflammatory response, suggesting that environmental factors such as a westernized diet may participate in this process. Dietary lipids, particularly palmitate, are substrates for the biosynthesis of bioactive sphingolipids. Disturbed serum sphingolipid profiles were observed in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Many polymorphisms were identified in genes encoding enzymes of the sphingolipid pathway, including sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), the S1P generating enzyme which is highly expressed in beta-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of S1P-generating and S1P-catabolizing enzymes. In this review, the similarities and differences in the action of extracellular and intracellular S1P in beta-cells exposed to cytokines or free fatty acids will be identified and the outlook for future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Gutner UA, Shupik MA. The Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Neurodegenerative Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Spohner AK, Jakobi K, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Lütjohann D, El-Hindi K, Grösch S, Pfeilschifter J, Saba JD, Meyer zu Heringdorf D. Mouse Liver Compensates Loss of Sgpl1 by Secretion of Sphingolipids into Blood and Bile. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10617. [PMID: 34638955 PMCID: PMC8508615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) lyase (Sgpl1) catalyses the irreversible cleavage of S1P and thereby the last step of sphingolipid degradation. Loss of Sgpl1 in humans and mice leads to accumulation of sphingolipids and multiple organ injuries. Here, we addressed the role of hepatocyte Sgpl1 for regulation of sphingolipid homoeostasis by generating mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Sgpl1 (Sgpl1HepKO mice). Sgpl1HepKO mice had normal body weight, liver weight, liver structure and liver enzymes both at the age of 8 weeks and 8 months. S1P, sphingosine and ceramides, but not glucosylceramides or sphingomyelin, were elevated by ~1.5-2-fold in liver, and this phenotype did not progress with age. Several ceramides were elevated in plasma, while plasma S1P was normal. Interestingly, S1P and glucosylceramides, but not ceramides, were elevated in bile of Sgpl1HepKO mice. Furthermore, liver cholesterol was elevated, while LDL cholesterol decreased in 8-month-old mice. In agreement, the LDL receptor was upregulated, suggesting enhanced uptake of LDL cholesterol. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, liver X receptor and fatty acid synthase was unaltered. These data show that mouse hepatocytes largely compensate the loss of Sgpl1 by secretion of accumulating sphingolipids in a specific manner into blood and bile, so that they can be excreted or degraded elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Spohner
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Katja Jakobi
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Khadija El-Hindi
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Dagmar Meyer zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
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19
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Saba JD, Keller N, Wang JY, Tang F, Slavin A, Shen Y. Genotype/Phenotype Interactions and First Steps Toward Targeted Therapy for Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:547-559. [PMID: 34133011 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL), the final enzyme in the sphingolipid degradative pathway. Inactivating mutations of SGPL1-the gene encoding SPL-lead to a deficiency of its downstream products, and buildup of sphingolipid intermediates, including its bioactive substrate, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the latter causing lymphopenia, a hallmark of the disease. Other manifestations of SPLIS include nephrotic syndrome, neuronal defects, and adrenal insufficiency, but their pathogenesis remains unknown. In this report, we describe the correlation between SGPL1 genotypes, age at diagnosis, and patient outcome. Vitamin B6 serves as a cofactor for SPL. B6 supplementation may aid some SPLIS patients by overcoming poor binding kinetics and promoting proper folding and stability of mutant SPL proteins. However, this approach remains limited to patients with a susceptible allele. Gene therapy represents a potential targeted therapy for SPLIS patients harboring B6-unresponsive missense mutations, truncations, deletions, and splice-site mutations. When Sgpl1 knockout (SPLKO) mice that model SPLIS were treated with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated SGPL1 gene therapy, they showed profound improvement in survival and kidney and neurological function compared to untreated SPLKO mice. Thus, gene therapy appears promising as a universal, potentially curative treatment for SPLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Saba
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nancy Keller
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jen-Yeu Wang
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felicia Tang
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi Slavin
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yizhuo Shen
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Zhao P, Tassew GB, Lee JY, Oskouian B, Muñoz DP, Hodgin JB, Watson GL, Tang F, Wang JY, Luo J, Yang Y, King S, Krauss RM, Keller N, Saba JD. Efficacy of AAV9-mediated SGPL1 gene transfer in a mouse model of S1P lyase insufficiency syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145936. [PMID: 33755599 PMCID: PMC8119223 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1), which is required for the final step of sphingolipid metabolism. SPLIS features include steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and impairment of neurological, endocrine, and hematopoietic systems. Many affected individuals die within the first 2 years. No targeted therapy for SPLIS is available. We hypothesized that SGPL1 gene replacement would address the root cause of SPLIS, thereby serving as a universal treatment for the condition. As proof of concept, we evaluated the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9–mediated transfer of human SGPL1 (AAV-SPL) given to newborn Sgpl1-KO mice that model SPLIS and die in the first weeks of life. Treatment dramatically prolonged survival and prevented nephrosis, neurodevelopmental delay, anemia, and hypercholesterolemia. STAT3 pathway activation and elevated proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines observed in KO kidneys were attenuated by treatment. Plasma and tissue sphingolipids were reduced in treated compared with untreated KO pups. SGPL1 expression and activity were measurable for at least 40 weeks. In summary, early AAV-SPL treatment prevents nephrosis, lipidosis, and neurological impairment in a mouse model of SPLIS. Our results suggest that SGPL1 gene replacement holds promise as a durable and universal targeted treatment for SPLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cure Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Babak Oskouian
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Denise P Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gordon L Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Felicia Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jen-Yeu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingbao Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah King
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nancy Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Iwama T, Kano K, Saigusa D, Ekroos K, van Echten-Deckert G, Vogt J, Aoki J. Development of an On-Tissue Derivatization Method for MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Bioactive Lipids Containing Phosphate Monoester Using Phos-tag. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3867-3875. [PMID: 33577289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is an emerging label-free method for mapping the distribution of diverse molecular species in tissue sections. Despite recent progress in MALDI-MSI analyses of lipids, it is still difficult to visualize minor bioactive lipids including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Here, we have developed a novel on-tissue derivatization method using Phos-tag, a zinc complex that specifically binds to a phosphate monoester group. MALDI-MSI with Phos-tag derivatization made it possible to image LPA and S1P in the murine brain. Furthermore, we were able to visualize other low-abundance lipids containing phosphate monoester, such as phosphatidic acid and ceramide-1-phosphate. Compared with conventional MALDI-MS, this derivatization produced LPA images with high spatial accuracy discriminating LPA artificially produced during MALDI-MS analysis. In mice with deficiencies in enzymes that degrade LPA and S1P, we observed marked S1P and/or LPA accumulation in specific regions of the brain. Thus, the present study provides a simple and optimal way to reveal the spatial localization of potent bioactive lipid phosphates such as LPA and S1P in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Iwama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- AMED-LEAP, Tokyo100-0004, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., 02230 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
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22
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Martin KW, Weaver N, Alhasan K, Gumus E, Sullivan BR, Zenker M, Hildebrandt F, Saba JD. MRI Spectrum of Brain Involvement in Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1943-1948. [PMID: 32855188 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SGPL1 encodes sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase, the final enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism. In 2017, a condition featuring steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and/or adrenal insufficiency associated with pathogenic SGPL1 variants was reported. In addition to the main features of the disease, patients often exhibit a range of neurologic deficits. In a handful of cases, brain imaging results were described. However, high-quality imaging results and a systematic analysis of brain MR imaging findings associated with the condition are lacking. In this study, MR images from 4 new patients and additional published case reports were reviewed by a pediatric neuroradiologist. Analysis reveals recurring patterns of features in affected patients, including isolated callosal dysgenesis and prominent involvement of the globus pallidus, thalamus, and dentate nucleus, with progressive atrophy and worsening of brain lesions. MR imaging findings of abnormal deep gray nuclei, microcephaly, or callosal dysgenesis in an infant or young child exhibiting other typical clinical features of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome should trigger prompt genetic testing for SGPL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Martin
- From the Department of Radiology (K.W.M.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - N Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics (N.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - K Alhasan
- Department of Pediatrics (K.A.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Gumus
- Department of Medicine (E.G.), Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - B R Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Genetics (B.R.S.), Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics (B.R.S.), University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - M Zenker
- Institute of Genetics (M.Z.), Otto von Guericke Universitat, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics (F.H.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J D Saba
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics (J.D.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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23
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Neurodegeneration Caused by S1P-Lyase Deficiency Involves Calcium-Dependent Tau Pathology and Abnormal Histone Acetylation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102189. [PMID: 32998447 PMCID: PMC7599816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) generated by sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) is toxic in neurons lacking S1P-lyase (SGPL1), the enzyme that catalyzes its irreversible cleavage. Interestingly, patients harboring mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme (SGPL1) often present with neurological pathologies. Studies in a mouse model with a developmental neural-specific ablation of SGPL1 (SGPL1fl/fl/Nes) confirmed the importance of S1P metabolism for the presynaptic architecture and neuronal autophagy, known to be essential for brain health. We now investigated in SGPL1-deficient murine brains two other factors involved in neurodegenerative processes, namely tau phosphorylation and histone acetylation. In hippocampal and cortical slices SGPL1 deficiency and hence S1P accumulation are accompanied by hyperphosphorylation of tau and an elevated acetylation of histone3 (H3) and histone4 (H4). Calcium chelation with BAPTA-AM rescued both tau hyperphosphorylation and histone acetylation, designating calcium as an essential mediator of these (patho)physiological functions of S1P in the brain. Studies in primary cultured neurons and astrocytes derived from SGPL1fl/fl/Nes mice revealed hyperphosphorylated tau only in SGPL1-deficient neurons and increased histone acetylation only in SGPL1-deficient astrocytes. Both could be reversed to control values with BAPTA-AM, indicating the close interdependence of S1P metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and brain health.
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24
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Sphingolipids in Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on Beta-Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081835. [PMID: 32759843 PMCID: PMC7465050 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease, with a strong genetic background, leading to a gradual loss of pancreatic beta-cells, which secrete insulin and control glucose homeostasis. Patients with T1DM require life-long substitution with insulin and are at high risk for development of severe secondary complications. The incidence of T1DM has been continuously growing in the last decades, indicating an important contribution of environmental factors. Accumulating data indicates that sphingolipids may be crucially involved in T1DM development. The serum lipidome of T1DM patients is characterized by significantly altered sphingolipid composition compared to nondiabetic, healthy probands. Recently, several polymorphisms in the genes encoding the enzymatic machinery for sphingolipid production have been identified in T1DM individuals. Evidence gained from studies in rodent islets and beta-cells exposed to cytokines indicates dysregulation of the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway and impaired function of several sphingolipids. Moreover, a number of glycosphingolipids have been suggested to act as beta-cell autoantigens. Studies in animal models of autoimmune diabetes, such as the Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse and the LEW.1AR1-iddm (IDDM) rat, indicate a crucial role of sphingolipids in immune cell trafficking, islet infiltration and diabetes development. In this review, the up-to-date status on the findings about sphingolipids in T1DM will be provided, the under-investigated research areas will be identified and perspectives for future studies will be given.
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25
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Cohan S, Lucassen E, Smoot K, Brink J, Chen C. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: Its Pharmacological Regulation and the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Article. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070227. [PMID: 32708516 PMCID: PMC7400006 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), via its G-protein-coupled receptors, is a signaling molecule with important regulatory properties on numerous, widely varied cell types. Five S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) have been identified, each with effects determined by their unique G-protein-driven downstream pathways. The discovery that lymphocyte egress from peripheral lymphoid organs is promoted by S1P via S1PR-1 stimulation led to the development of pharmacological agents which are S1PR antagonists. These agents promote lymphocyte sequestration and reduce lymphocyte-driven inflammatory damage of the central nervous system (CNS) in animal models, encouraging their examination of efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Preclinical research has also demonstrated direct protective effects of S1PR antagonists within the CNS, by modulation of S1PRs, particularly S1PR-1 and S1PR-5, and possibly S1PR-2, independent of effects upon lymphocytes. Three of these agents, fingolimod, siponimod and ozanimod have been approved, and ponesimod has been submitted for regulatory approval. In patients with MS, these agents reduce relapse risk, sustained disability progression, magnetic resonance imaging markers of disease activity, and whole brain and/or cortical and deep gray matter atrophy. Future opportunities in the development of more selective and intracellular S1PR-driven downstream pathway modulators may expand the breadth of agents to treat MS.
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26
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Baranowska U, Holownia A, Chabowski A, Baranowski M. Pharmacological inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase partially reverses spatial memory impairment in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103526. [PMID: 32622897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with strong neuroprotective properties that is important for normal excitability and synaptic transmission in the hippocampal neurons. Considering the above, the aim of the present study was to determine whether increasing brain S1P level is able to reverse spatial memory impairment in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The experiment was carried out on diabetic (n = 22) and nondiabetic (n = 10) male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Eleven weeks later, 11 diabetic animals received injections of THI (S1P lyase inhibitor) for seven days. During the last five days of the experiment spatial reference memory acquisition and retention were tested in the Morris water maze task. The animals were then anaesthetized and samples of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum were excised. The content of S1P and related sphingolipids was measured using a HPLC method. Diabetes induced a depletion of ceramide in the hippocampus and cerebellum that was associated with impaired spatial memory and learning. Administration of THI to the diabetic animals prevented ceramide depletion in the hippocampus and cerebellum, and induced an increase in S1P content in all examined brain structures. These effects were associated with an improvement in spatial memory. We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of S1P lyase partially reverses the impairment in spatial memory induced by chronic hyperglycemia, and that this effect may be related to the prevention of ceramide depletion in the hippocampus and cerebellum, the increase in brain S1P level, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Holownia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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27
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Alaamery M, Albesher N, Aljawini N, Alsuwailm M, Massadeh S, Wheeler MA, Chao CC, Quintana FJ. Role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2020; 158:25-35. [PMID: 32402091 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS), which shows great diversity and complexity, and has been implicated in CNS development and function. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been described in multiple diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration, evaluating its direct roles in neuron development and health, and also in the induction of neurotoxic activities in CNS-resident astrocytes and microglia in the context of neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we focus on the metabolism of gangliosides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, and its potential as a candidate target for the therapeutic modulation of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alaamery
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Albesher
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Aljawini
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneera Alsuwailm
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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28
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Zoicas I, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Reichel M, Gulbins E, Fejtova A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C. The Forebrain-Specific Overexpression of Acid Sphingomyelinase Induces Depressive-Like Symptoms in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051244. [PMID: 32443534 PMCID: PMC7290754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and murine studies identified the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) as a target for antidepressant therapy and revealed its role in the pathophysiology of major depression. In this study, we generated a mouse model with overexpression of Asm (Asm-tgfb) that is restricted to the forebrain to rule out any systemic effects of Asm overexpression on depressive-like symptoms. The increase in Asm activity was higher in male Asm-tgfb mice than in female Asm-tgfb mice due to the breeding strategy, which allows for the generation of wild-type littermates as appropriate controls. Asm overexpression in the forebrain of male mice resulted in a depressive-like phenotype, whereas in female mice, Asm overexpression resulted in a social anxiogenic-like phenotype. Ceramides in male Asm-tgfb mice were elevated specifically in the dorsal hippocampus. mRNA expression analyses indicated that the increase in Asm activity affected other ceramide-generating pathways, which might help to balance ceramide levels in cortical brain regions. This forebrain-specific mouse model offers a novel tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the pathophysiology of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-44542
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29
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Hagen-Euteneuer N, Alam S, Rindsfuesser H, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, van Echten-Deckert G. S1P-lyase deficiency uncouples ganglioside formation - Potential contribution to tumorigenic capacity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158708. [PMID: 32283310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is not only a catabolic intermediate of all sphingolipids but also an evolutionary conserved bioactive lipid with critical functions in cell survival, differentiation, and migration as well as in immunity and angiogenesis. S1P-lyase (SGPL1) irreversibly cleaves S1P in the final step of sphingolipid catabolism. As sphingoid bases and their 1-phosphates are not only metabolic intermediates but also highly bioactive lipids that modulate a wide range of physiological processes, it would be predicted that their elevation might induce adjustments in other facets of sphingolipid metabolism and/or alter cell behavior. We actually found in a previous study that in terminally differentiated neurons SGPL1 deficiency increases sphingolipid formation via recycling at the expense of de novo synthesis. We now investigated whether and how SGPL1 deficiency affects the metabolism of (glyco)sphingolipids in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). According to our previous experiments in neurons, we found a strong accumulation of S1P in SGPL1-deficient MEFs. Surprisingly, a completely different situation arose as we analyzed sphingolipid metabolism in this non-differentiated cell type. The production of biosynthetic precursors of complex glycosphingolipids including ceramide, glucosylceramide and also ganglioside GM3 via de novo synthesis and recycling pathway was substantially increased whereas the amount of more complex gangliosides dropped significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, University Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah Rindsfuesser
- LIMES Institute Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, University Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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30
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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31
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Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Cabitta L, Sonnino S, Prinetti A, Giussani P. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors and Metabolic Enzymes as Druggable Targets for Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31427962 PMCID: PMC6689979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is characterized by a high content of sphingolipids and by a high diversity in terms of different structures. Stage- and cell-specific sphingolipid metabolism and expression are crucial for brain development and maintenance toward adult age. On the other hand, deep dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, leading to altered sphingolipid pattern, is associated with the majority of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, even those totally lacking a common etiological background. Thus, sphingolipid metabolism has always been regarded as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of brain disorders. However, any therapeutic hypothesis applied to complex amphipathic sphingolipids, components of cellular membranes, has so far failed probably because of the high regional complexity and specificity of the different biological roles of these structures. Simpler sphingosine-based lipids, including ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, are important regulators of brain homeostasis, and, thanks to the relative simplicity of their metabolic network, they seem a feasible druggable target for the treatment of brain diseases. The enzymes involved in the control of the levels of bioactive sphingoids, as well as the receptors engaged by these molecules, have increasingly allured pharmacologists and clinicians, and eventually fingolimod, a functional antagonist of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors with immunomodulatory properties, was approved for the therapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Considering the importance of neuroinflammation in many other brain diseases, we would expect an extension of the use of such analogs for the treatment of other ailments in the future. Nevertheless, many aspects other than neuroinflammation are regulated by bioactive sphingoids in healthy brain and dysregulated in brain disease. In this review, we are addressing the multifaceted possibility to address the metabolism and biology of bioactive sphingosine 1-phosphate as novel targets for the development of therapeutic paradigms and the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Cabitta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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32
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Karunakaran I, Alam S, Jayagopi S, Frohberger SJ, Hansen JN, Kuehlwein J, Hölbling BV, Schumak B, Hübner MP, Gräler MH, Halle A, van Echten-Deckert G. Neural sphingosine 1-phosphate accumulation activates microglia and links impaired autophagy and inflammation. Glia 2019; 67:1859-1872. [PMID: 31231866 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia mediated responses to neuronal damage in the form of neuroinflammation is a common thread propagating neuropathology. In this study, we investigated the microglial alterations occurring as a result of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) accumulation in neural cells. We evidenced increased microglial activation in the brains of neural S1P-lyase (SGPL1) ablated mice (SGPL1fl/fl/Nes ) as shown by an activated and deramified morphology and increased activation markers on microglia. In addition, an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sorted and primary cultured microglia generated from SGPL1 deficient mice was noticed. Further, we assessed autophagy, one of the major mechanisms in the brain that keeps inflammation in check. Indeed, microglial inflammation was accompanied by defective microglial autophagy in SGPL1 ablated mice. Rescuing autophagy by treatment with rapamycin was sufficient to decrease interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion in cultured microglia. Rapamycin mediated decrease of IL-6 secretion suggests a particular mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-IL-6 link and appeared to be microglia specific. Using pharmacological inhibitors of the major receptors of S1P expressed in the microglia, we identified S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) as the mediator of both impaired autophagy and proinflammatory effects. In line with these results, the addition of exogenous S1P to BV2 microglial cells showed similar effects as those observed in the genetic knock out of SGPL1 in the neural cells. In summary, we show a novel role of the S1P-S1PR2 axis in the microglia of mice with neural-targeted SGPL1 ablation and in BV2 microglial cell line exogenously treated with S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indulekha Karunakaran
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Surendar Jayagopi
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan N Hansen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany and Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janina Kuehlwein
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt V Hölbling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany and Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), and the Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany and Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
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Jiang ZJ, Delaney TL, Zanin MP, Haberberger RV, Pitson SM, Huang J, Alford S, Cologna SM, Keating DJ, Gong LW. Extracellular and intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate distinctly regulates exocytosis in chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 2019; 149:729-746. [PMID: 30963576 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an essential bioactive sphingosine lipid involved in many neurological disorders. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a key enzyme for S1P production, is concentrated in presynaptic terminals. However, the role of S1P/SphK1 signaling in exocytosis remains elusive. By detecting catecholamine release from single vesicles in chromaffin cells, we show that a dominant negative SphK1 (SphK1DN ) reduces the number of amperometric spikes and increases the duration of foot, which reflects release through a fusion pore, implying critical roles for S1P in regulating the rate of exocytosis and fusion pore expansion. Similar phenotypes were observed in chromaffin cells obtained from SphK1 knockout mice compared to those from wild-type mice. In addition, extracellular S1P treatment increased the number of amperometric spikes, and this increase, in turn, was inhibited by a selective S1P3 receptor blocker, suggesting extracellular S1P may regulate the rate of exocytosis via activation of S1P3. Furthermore, intracellular S1P application induced a decrease in foot duration of amperometric spikes in control cells, indicating intracellular S1P may regulate fusion pore expansion during exocytosis. Taken together, our study represents the first demonstration that S1P regulates exocytosis through distinct mechanisms: extracellular S1P may modulate the rate of exocytosis via activation of S1P receptors while intracellular S1P may directly control fusion pore expansion during exocytosis. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jiao Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor L Delaney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark P Zanin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Rainer V Haberberger
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Damien J Keating
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Liang-Wei Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Saba JD. Fifty years of lyase and a moment of truth: sphingosine phosphate lyase from discovery to disease. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:456-463. [PMID: 30635364 PMCID: PMC6399507 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) is the final enzyme in the sphingolipid degradative pathway, catalyzing the irreversible cleavage of long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs) to yield a long-chain aldehyde and ethanolamine phosphate (EP). SPL guards the sole exit point of sphingolipid metabolism. Its inactivation causes product depletion and accumulation of upstream sphingolipid intermediates. The main substrate of the reaction, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a bioactive lipid that controls immune-cell trafficking, angiogenesis, cell transformation, and other fundamental processes. The products of the SPL reaction contribute to phospholipid biosynthesis and programmed cell-death activation. The main features of SPL enzyme activity were first described in detail by Stoffel et al. in 1969. The first SPL-encoding gene was cloned from budding yeast in 1997. Reverse and forward genetic strategies led to the rapid identification of other genes in the pathway and their homologs in other species. Genetic manipulation of SPL-encoding genes in model organisms has revealed the contribution of sphingolipid metabolism to development, physiology, and host-pathogen interactions. In 2017, recessive mutations in the human SPL gene SGPL1 were identified as the cause of a novel inborn error of metabolism associated with nephrosis, endocrine defects, immunodeficiency, acanthosis, and neurological problems. We refer to this condition as SPL insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS). Here, we share our perspective on the 50-year history of SPL from discovery to disease, focusing on insights provided by model organisms regarding the pathophysiology of SPLIS and how SPLIS raises the possibility of a hidden role for sphingolipids in other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Saba
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609
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Vaden JH, Tian T, Golf S, McLean JW, Wilson JA, Wilson SM. Chronic over‐expression of ubiquitin impairs learning, reduces synaptic plasticity, and enhancesGRIAreceptor turnover in mice. J Neurochem 2018; 148:386-399. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jada H. Vaden
- Department of Neurobiology Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Civitan International Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Tina Tian
- Department of Neurobiology Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Civitan International Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Samantha Golf
- Department of Neurobiology Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Civitan International Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - John W. McLean
- Department of Neurobiology Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Civitan International Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Julie A. Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Civitan International Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Scott M. Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Civitan International Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
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36
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Choi YJ, Saba JD. Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS): A novel inborn error of sphingolipid metabolism. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:128-140. [PMID: 30274713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is an intracellular enzyme that controls the final step in the sphingolipid degradative pathway, the only biochemical pathway for removal of sphingolipids. Specifically, SPL catalyzes the cleavage of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) at the C2-3 carbon bond, resulting in its irreversible degradation to phosphoethanolamine (PE) and hexadecenal. The substrate of the reaction, S1P, is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that signals through a family of five G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to mediate biological activities including cell migration, cell survival/death/proliferation and cell extrusion, thereby contributing to development, physiological functions and - when improperly regulated - the pathophysiology of disease. In 2017, several groups including ours reported a novel childhood syndrome that featured a wide range of presentations including fetal hydrops, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), rapid or insidious neurological deterioration, immunodeficiency, acanthosis and endocrine abnormalities. In all cases, the disease was attributed to recessive mutations in the human SPL gene, SGPL1. We now refer to this condition as SPL Insufficiency Syndrome, or SPLIS. Some features of this new sphingolipidosis were predicted by the reported phenotypes of Sgpl1 homozygous null mice that serve as vertebrate SPLIS disease models. However, other SPLIS features reveal previously unrecognized roles for SPL in human physiology. In this review, we briefly summarize the biochemistry, functions and regulation of SPL, the main clinical and biochemical features of SPLIS and what is known about the pathophysiology of this condition from murine and cell models. Lastly, we consider potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SPLIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jeong Choi
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA.
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Intracellular S1P Levels Dictate Fate of Different Regions of the Hippocampus following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2018; 384:188-202. [PMID: 29782904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid molecule produced by the action of sphingosine kinases (SphK) on sphingosine. It possesses various intracellular functions through its interactions with intracellular proteins or via its action on five G-protein-coupled cell membrane receptors. Following transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI), only the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus undergoes apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated S1P levels and S1P-processing enzyme expression in different hippocampal areas following tGCI in rats. We found that S1P was upregulated earlier in CA3 than in CA1. This was associated with upregulation of SphK1 in both regions; however, SphK2 was downregulated quickly in CA3. S1P lyase was also downregulated in CA3, but not in CA1. Spinster 2, the S1P exporter, was upregulated early in both regions, but was quickly downregulated in CA3. Together, these effects explain the variable levels of S1P in the CA1 and CA3 areas and indicate that S1P levels play a role in the preferential resistance of the CA3 subregion to tGCI-induced ischemia. FTY720 did not improve neuronal survival in the CA1 subregion, indicating that these effects were due to intracellular S1P accumulation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that intracellular S1P levels affect neuronal cell fate following tGCI.
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Moruno-Manchon JF, Uzor NE, Ambati CR, Shetty V, Putluri N, Jagannath C, McCullough LD, Tsvetkov AS. Sphingosine kinase 1-associated autophagy differs between neurons and astrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 29743513 PMCID: PMC5943283 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative pathway for removing aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, and parasites. Evidence indicates that autophagic pathways differ between cell types. In neurons, autophagy plays a homeostatic role, compared to a survival mechanism employed by starving non-neuronal cells. We investigated if sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)-associated autophagy differs between two symbiotic brain cell types—neurons and astrocytes. SK1 synthesizes sphingosine-1-phosphate, which regulates autophagy in non-neuronal cells and in neurons. We found that benzoxazine autophagy inducers upregulate SK1 and neuroprotective autophagy in neurons, but not in astrocytes. Starvation enhances SK1-associated autophagy in astrocytes, but not in neurons. In astrocytes, SK1 is cytoprotective and promotes the degradation of an autophagy substrate, mutant huntingtin, the protein that causes Huntington’s disease. Overexpressed SK1 is unexpectedly toxic to neurons, and its toxicity localizes to the neuronal soma, demonstrating an intricate relationship between the localization of SK1’s activity and neurotoxicity. Our results underscore the importance of cell type-specific autophagic differences in any efforts to target autophagy therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ndidi-Ese Uzor
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandrashekar R Ambati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivekananda Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrey S Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,UT Health Consortium on Aging, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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39
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Mitroi DN, Karunakaran I, Gräler M, Saba JD, Ehninger D, Ledesma MD, van Echten-Deckert G. SGPL1 (sphingosine phosphate lyase 1) modulates neuronal autophagy via phosphatidylethanolamine production. Autophagy 2018; 13:885-899. [PMID: 28521611 PMCID: PMC5446076 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1291471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy defects have been identified as critical factors underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The roles of the bioactive signaling lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its catabolic enzyme SGPL1/SPL (sphingosine phosphate lyase 1) in autophagy are increasingly recognized. Here we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a previously unidentified route through which SGPL1 modulates autophagy in neurons. SGPL1 cleaves S1P into ethanolamine phosphate, which is directed toward the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) that anchors LC3-I to phagophore membranes in the form of LC3-II. In the brains of SGPL1fl/fl/Nes mice with developmental neural specific SGPL1 ablation, we observed significantly reduced PE levels. Accordingly, alterations in basal and stimulated autophagy involving decreased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and increased BECN1/Beclin-1 and SQSTM1/p62 levels were apparent. Alterations were also noticed in downstream events of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway such as increased levels of lysosomal markers and aggregate-prone proteins such as APP (amyloid β [A4] precursor protein) and SNCA/α-synuclein. In vivo profound deficits in cognitive skills were observed. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SGPL1 in cultured neurons promoted these alterations, whereas addition of PE was sufficient to restore LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, and control levels of SQSTM1, APP and SNCA. Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy showed accumulation of unclosed phagophore-like structures, reduction of autolysosomes and altered distribution of LC3 in SGPL1fl/fl/Nes brains. Experiments using EGFP-mRFP-LC3 provided further support for blockage of the autophagic flux at initiation stages upon SGPL1 deficiency due to PE paucity. These results emphasize a formerly overlooked direct role of SGPL1 in neuronal autophagy and assume significance in the context that autophagy modulators hold an enormous therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Mitroi
- a LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Indulekha Karunakaran
- a LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Markus Gräler
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine , Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), and the Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Julie D Saba
- c Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Dan Ehninger
- d German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
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S1P Lyase Regulation of Thymic Egress and Oncogenic Inflammatory Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7685142. [PMID: 29333002 PMCID: PMC5733215 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7685142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid signaling molecule that regulates pleiotropic biological functions including cell migration, survival, angiogenesis, immune cell trafficking, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. It acts as a ligand for a family of cell surface receptors. S1P concentrations are high in blood and lymph but low in tissues, especially the thymus and lymphoid organs. S1P chemotactic gradients are essential for lymphocyte egress and other aspects of physiological cell trafficking. S1P is irreversibly degraded by S1P lyase (SPL). SPL regulates lymphocyte trafficking, inflammation and other physiological and pathological processes. For example, SPL located in thymic dendritic cells acts as a metabolic gatekeeper that controls the normal egress of mature T lymphocytes from the thymus into the circulation, whereas SPL deficiency in gut epithelial cells promotes colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC). Recently, we identified a complex syndrome comprised of nephrosis, adrenal insufficiency, and immunological defects caused by inherited mutations in human SGPL1, the gene encoding SPL. In the present article, we review current evidence supporting the role of SPL in thymic egress, inflammation, and cancer. Lastly, we summarize recent progress in understanding other SPL functions, its role in inherited disease, and SPL targeting for therapeutic purposes.
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41
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Hahn C, Tyka K, Saba JD, Lenzen S, Gurgul-Convey E. Overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase protects insulin-secreting cells against cytokine toxicity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20292-20304. [PMID: 29070677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of inflammation in cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction and death in type 1 diabetes mellitus, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a multifunctional bioactive sphingolipid involved in the development of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the role of intracellular S1P in insulin-secreting INS1E cells by genetically manipulating the S1P-metabolizing enzyme S1P lyase (SPL). The expression of spl was down-regulated by cytokines in INS1E cells and rat islets. Overexpression of SPL protected against cytokine toxicity. Interestingly, the SPL overexpression did not suppress the cytokine-induced NFκB-iNOS-NO pathway but attenuated calcium leakage from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores as manifested by lower cytosolic calcium levels, higher expression of the ER protein Sec61a, decreased dephosphorylation of Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) protein, and weaker caspase-3 activation in cytokine-treated (IL-1β, TNFα, and IFNγ) cells. This coincided with reduced cytokine-mediated ER stress, indicated by measurements of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop) and immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip) levels. Moreover, cytokine-treated SPL-overexpressing cells exhibited increased expression of prohibitin 2 (Phb2), involved in the regulation of mitochondrial assembly and respiration. SPL-overexpressing cells were partially protected against cytokine-mediated ATP reduction and inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion. siRNA-mediated spl suppression resulted in effects opposite to those observed for SPL overexpression. Knockdown of phb2 partially reversed beneficial effects of SPL overexpression. In conclusion, the relatively low endogenous Spl expression level in insulin-secreting cells contributes to their extraordinary vulnerability to proinflammatory cytokine toxicity and may therefore represent a promising target for β-cell protection in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Hahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karolina Tyka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie D Saba
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94609
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Karunakaran I, van Echten-Deckert G. Sphingosine 1-phosphate - A double edged sword in the brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1573-1582. [PMID: 28315304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its pathological roles in various diseases are increasingly being elucidated. Particularly, a growing body of literature has implicated S1P in the pathogenesis of brain related disorders. With the deciphering of more intricate aspects of S1P signalling, there is also a need to reconsider the notion of S1P only as a determinant of cell survival and proliferation. Further the concept of 'S1P-ceramide' balance as the controlling switch of cellular fate and functions needs to be refined. In this review, we focus on the brain related functions of S1P with special focus on its role in synaptic transmission, neuronal autophagy and neuroinflammation. The review also attempts to bring out the multi-faceted nature of S1P signalling aspects that makes it a 'double edged sword'. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indulekha Karunakaran
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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