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Jing L, Kakati LN, Ao B, Kiewhuo P. Augmentation of plant biomass productivity using epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia fetida as soil nutrient facilitators. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18648. [PMID: 37903848 PMCID: PMC10616193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for organic food production, the earthworm is used as a soil nutrient facilitator. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of epigeic earthworms Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia. fetida on soil nutrients and the consequent improvement of biomass productivity and yield of Capsicum chinense Jacq and Zea mays L. The experiment was conducted in 5 L and 15 L capacity plastic pots for C. chinense and Z. mays with 150 g and 300 g of half-decomposed cow dung, respectively. It was observed that the weekly harvest rate of ripened chili was 17.59 g, 13.91 g, and 9.24 g in P. excavatus, control, and E. fetida pot showing 26.49% higher in P. excavatus. Also, the total kernel count per corn was significantly different (F(2, 9) = 37.78, p < 0.05), with the highest kernel present in P. excavatus(333.5 ± 13.5), followed by E. fetida(261.5 ± 16.5) and control (235 ± 22). The impact of P. excavatus was more perceptible in C. chinense, indicated by higher leaf biomass (69.16%), root length (30.14%), and fruit harvest (71.03%). However, the effect of E. fetida was noticed more in Z. mays (stem length, 19.24%, stem biomass, 14.39%, root biomass, 20.9%, kernel count, 41.91%, and kernel weight, 95.07%). Enhanced plant productivity was also supported by an increasing soil nutrient turnover in organic carbon (OC) (25.76% and 23.4%), Phosphorus (P) (31.03% and 25.67%), and Potassium (K) (41.67% and 12.26) in P. excavatus and E. fetida worked soil respectively. The findings indicate that earthworms have a notable impact on plant biomass productivity by promoting the mineralization of soil nutrients and imply on possibility of organic cultivation of seasonal vegetables without using synthetic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirikum Jing
- Department of Zoology, Don Bosco College, Kohima, Nagaland, India
- Department of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, Nagaland, India
| | - Lakhmi Nandan Kakati
- Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Bendang Ao
- Department of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, Nagaland, India
| | - Patricia Kiewhuo
- Department of Zoology, Don Bosco College, Kohima, Nagaland, India
- Department of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, Nagaland, India
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Zhang P, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Wen T, Wang H, Qu C, Tan W, Xi B, Hui K, Tang J. Specific response of soil properties to microplastics pollution: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116427. [PMID: 37327841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The soil environment is a critical component of the global ecosystem and is essential for nutrient cycling and energy flow. Various physical, chemical, and biological processes occur in the soil and are affected by environmental factors. Soil is vulnerable to pollutants, especially emerging pollutants, such as microplastics (MPs). MPs pollution has become a significant environmental problem, and its harm to human health and the environment cannot be underestimated. However, most studies on MPs pollution have focused on marine ecosystems, estuaries, lakes, rivers, and other aquatic environments, whereas few considered the effects and hazards of MPs pollution of the soil, especially the responses of different environmental factors to MPs. In addition, when many MPs pollutants produced by agricultural activities (mulching film, organic fertilizer) and atmospheric sedimentation enter the soil environment, it will cause changes in soil pH, organic matter composition, microbial community, enzyme activity, animals and plants and other environmental factors. However, due to the complex and changeable soil environment, the heterogeneity is very strong. The changes of environmental factors may react on the migration, transformation and degradation of MPs, and there are synergistic or antagonistic interactions among different factors. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the specific effects of MPs pollution on soil properties to clarify the environmental behavior and effects of MPs. This review focuses on the source, formation, and influencing factors of MPs pollution in soil and summarizes its effect and influence degree on various soil environmental factors. The results provide research suggestions and theoretical support for preventing or controlling MPs soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Taoyi Wen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chengtun Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kunlong Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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GILLANDERS STEPHENM, PODGAISKI LUCIANAR, OVERBECK GERHARDE, SANTOS ALESSANDRA, WINCK BRUNA, BROWN GEORGEG, BARTZ MARIEL. Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa. Zootaxa 2023; 5255:377-388. [PMID: 37045248 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sampled grazed natural grassland and agropastoral systems in two regions (Alegrete and Aceguá) in the highly diverse Brazilian Pampa region which is undergoing significant change in land use cover. By hand sorting the soil, a total of five species were found, belonging to the families Glossoscolecidae (Glossoscolex sp.50 and Glossoscolex sp.51), Ocnerodrilidae (Kerriona sp.6 and Eukerria sp.3), and Lumbricidae (Aporrectodea trapezoides). The former four were identified as native—new to science—and the latter as exotic. Differences were observed in both earthworm species richness and abundance between regions and land-use systems, likely due to environmental conditions and agricultural practices, respectively. Agropastoral systems had higher abundance and species richness than natural grasslands, though these differences varied by location. This suggests that conversion from natural grassland to agropastoral systems can maintain native earthworms and, possibly, enhance ecosystem services. However, an exotic species was found in high abundance at one agropastoral site. These results highlight the need for additional biodiversity studies on earthworms in the Brazilian Pampa and for research on the impacts of land use changes in this region.
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Braga LPP, Schumacher RI. Awaking the dormant virome in the rhizosphere. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2985-2999. [PMID: 36807953 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a vital soil compartment providing key plant-beneficial functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms driving viral diversity in the rhizosphere. Viruses can establish lytic or lysogenic interactions with their bacterial hosts. In the latter, they assume a dormant state integrated in the host genome and can be awakened by different perturbations that impact host cell physiology, triggering a viral bloom, which is potentially a fundamental mechanism driving soil viral diversity, as 22%-68% of soil bacteria are predicted to harbour dormant viruses. Here we assessed the viral bloom response in rhizospheric viromes by exposing them to three contrasting soil perturbation agents: earthworms, herbicide and antibiotic pollutant. The viromes were next screened for rhizosphere-relevant genes and also used as inoculant on microcosms incubations to test their impacts on pristine microbiomes. Our results show that while post-perturbation viromes diverged from control conditions, viral communities exposed to both herbicide and antibiotic pollutant were more similar to each other than those influenced by earthworms. The latter also favoured an increase in viral populations harbouring genes involved in plant-beneficial functions. Post-perturbation viromes inoculated on soil microcosms changed the diversity of pristine microbiomes, suggesting that viromes are important components of the soil ecological memory driving eco-evolutionary processes that determine future microbiome trajectories according to past events. Our findings demonstrate that viromes are active players in the rhizosphere and need to be considered in efforts to understand and control the microbial processes towards sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P P Braga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert I Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Verma KK, Song XP, Li DM, Singh M, Wu JM, Singh RK, Sharma A, Zhang BQ, Li YR. Silicon and soil microorganisms improve rhizospheric soil health with bacterial community, plant growth, performance and yield. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2104004. [PMID: 35943127 PMCID: PMC9364706 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of silicon and soil microorganisms stimulates crop enhancement to ensure sustainable agriculture. Silicon may potentially increase nutrient availability in rhizosphere with improved plants' growth, development as it does not produce phytotoxicity. The rhizospheric microbiome accommodates a variety of microbial species that live in a small area of soil directly associated with the hidden half plants' system. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a major role in plant development in response to adverse climatic conditions. PGPRs may enhance the growth, quality, productivity in variety of crops, and mitigate abiotic stresses by reprogramming stress-induced physiological variations in plants via different mechanisms, such as synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, exopolysaccharides, volatile organic compounds, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization. Our article eye upon interactions of silicon and plant microbes which seems to be an opportunity for sustainable agriculture for series of crops and cropping systems in years to come, essential to safeguard the food security for masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Abstract
As important ecosystem engineers in soils, earthworms strongly influence carbon cycling through their burrowing and feeding activities. Earthworms do not perform these roles in isolation, because their intestines create a special habitat favorable for complex bacterial communities. However, how the ecological functioning of these earthworm-microbe interactions regulates carbon cycling remains largely unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the bacterial community structure and carbon metabolic activities in the intestinal contents of earthworms and compared them to those of the adjacent soils in a long-term fertilization experiment. We discovered that earthworms harbored distinct bacterial communities compared to the surrounding soil under different fertilization conditions. The bacterial diversity was significantly larger in the adjacent soils than that in the earthworm gut. Three statistically identified keystone taxa in the bacterial networks, namely, Solirubrobacterales, Ktedonobacteraceae, and Jatrophihabitans, were shared across the earthworm gut and adjacent soil. Environmental factors (pH and organic matter) and keystone taxa were important determinants of the bacterial community composition in the earthworm gut. Both PICRUSt2 (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) and FAPROTAX (Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa) predicted that carbon metabolism was significantly higher in adjacent soil than in the earthworm gut, which was consistent with the average well color development obtained by the Biolog assay. Structural equation modeling combined with correlation analysis suggested that pH, organic matter, and potential keystone taxa exhibited significant relationships with carbon metabolism. This study deepens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying keystone taxa regulating carbon cycling in the earthworm gut. IMPORTANCE The intestinal microbiome of earthworms is a crucial component of the soil microbial community and nutrient cycling processes. If we could elucidate the role of this microbiome in regulating soil carbon metabolism, we would make a crucial contribution to understanding the ecological role of these gut bacterial taxa and to promoting sustainable agricultural development. However, the ecological functioning of these earthworm-microbe interactions in regulating carbon cycling has so far not been fully investigated. In this study, we revealed, first, that the bacterial groups of Solirubrobacterales, Ktedonobacteraceae, and Jatrophihabitans were core keystone taxa across the earthworm gut and adjacent soil and, second, that the environmental factors (pH and organic carbon) and keystone taxa strongly affected the bacterial community composition and exhibited close correlations with microbial carbon metabolism. Our results provide new insights into the community assembly of the earthworm gut microbiome and the ecological importance of potential keystone taxa in regulating carbon cycling dynamics.
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Sanchez-Mahecha O, Klink S, Heinen R, Rothballer M, Zytynska S. Impaired microbial N-acyl homoserine lactone signalling increases plant resistance to aphids across variable abiotic and biotic environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3052-3069. [PMID: 35852014 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria interact with plants using signalling molecules, such as N-acyl homoserine-lactones (AHLs). Although there is evidence that these molecules affect plant responses to pathogens, few studies have examined their effect on plant-insect and microbiome interactions, especially under variable soil conditions. We investigated the effect of the AHL-producing rhizobacterium Acidovorax radicis and its AHL-negative mutant (does not produce AHLs) on modulating barley (Hordeum vulgare) plant interactions with cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae) and earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta) across variable nutrient soils. Acidovorax radicis inoculation increased plant growth and suppressed aphids, with stronger effects by the AHL-negative mutant. However, effects varied between barley cultivars and the presence of earthworms altered interaction outcomes. Bacteria-induced plant defences differed between cultivars, and aphid exposure, with pathogenesis-related and WRKY pathways partly explaining the ecological effects in the more resistant cultivars. Additionally, we observed few but specific indirect effects via the wider root microbiome where the AHL-mutant strain influenced rare OTU abundances. We conclude that bacterial AHL-signalling disruption affects plant-microbial interactions by inducing different plant pathways, leading to increased insect resistance, also mediated by the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Understanding the mechanisms by which beneficial bacteria can reduce insect pests is a key research area for developing effective insect pest management strategies in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Sanchez-Mahecha
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Sophia Klink
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Network Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robin Heinen
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Network Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sharon Zytynska
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Zhang X, Wells M, Niazi NK, Bolan N, Shaheen S, Hou D, Gao B, Wang H, Rinklebe J, Wang Z. Nanobiochar-rhizosphere interactions: Implications for the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118810. [PMID: 35007673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal contamination has increasingly become a serious environmental issue globally, nearing crisis proportions. There is an urgent need to find environmentally friendly materials to remediate heavy-metal contaminated soils. With the continuing maturation of research on using biochar (BC) for the remediation of contaminated soil, nano-biochar (nano-BC), which is an important fraction of BC, has gradually attracted increasing attention. Compared with BC, nano-BC has unique and useful properties for soil remediation, including a high specific surface area and hydrodynamic dispersivity. The efficacy of nano-BC for immobilization of non-degradable heavy-metal contaminants in soil systems, however, is strongly affected by plant rhizosphere processes, and there is very little known about the role that nano-BC play in these processes. The rhizosphere represents a dynamically complex soil environment, which, although having a small thickness, drives potentially large materials fluxes into and out of plants, notably agricultural foodstuffs, via large diffusive gradients. This article provides a critical review of over 140 peer-reviewed papers regarding nano-BC-rhizosphere interactions and the implications for the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. We conclude that, when using nano-BC to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil, the relationship between nano-BC and rhizosphere needs to be considered. Moreover, the challenges to extending our knowledge regarding the environmental risk of using nano-BC for remediation, as well as further research needs, are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mona Wells
- Natural Sciences, Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, 07043, United States
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sabry Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deyi Hou
- Tsinghua University, School of Environment, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Towards sustainable agriculture: rhizosphere microbiome engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7141-7160. [PMID: 34508284 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soil microbiomes are extremely complex, with dense networks of interconnected microbial species underpinning vital functions for the ecosystem. In advanced agricultural research, rhizosphere microbiome engineering is gaining much attention, as the microbial community has been acknowledged to be a crucial partner of associated plants for their health fitness and yield. However, single or combined effects of a wide range of soil biotic and abiotic factors impact the success of engineered microbiomes, as these microbial communities exhibit uneven structural and functional networks in diverse soil conditions. Therefore, once a deep understanding of major influential factors and corresponding microbial responses is developed, the microbiome can be more effectively manipulated and optimized for cropping benefits. In this mini-review, we propose the concept of a microbiome-mediated smart agriculture system (MiMSAS). We summarize some of the advanced strategies for engineering the rhizosphere microbiome to withstand the stresses imposed by dominant abiotic and biotic factors. This work will help the scientific community gain more clarity about engineered microbiome technologies for increasing crop productivity and environmental sustainability.Key points• Individual or combined effects of soil biotic and abiotic variables hamper the implementation of engineered microbiome technologies in the field.• As a traditional approach, reduced-tillage practices coinciding with biofertilization can promote a relatively stable functional microbiome.• Increasing the complexity and efficiency of the synthetic microbiome is one way to improve its field-application success rate.• Plant genome editing/engineering is a promising approach for recruiting desired microbiomes for agricultural benefit.
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Cremonesi MV, Santos A, Rozane DE, Bartz MLC, Brown GG. Earthworm species in Musa spp. plantations in Brazil and worldwide. Zookeys 2021; 1033:1-33. [PMID: 33958918 PMCID: PMC8084856 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1033.54331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bananas and plantains are major commodity/food crops that represent an important habitat for earthworms, although so far, no review is available on earthworm communities associated with banana/plantain crops worldwide. The Vale do Ribeira region is among the largest banana producing areas in Brazil, but little is known of the earthworms living there. Hence, the present study assessed earthworm populations and species in three banana plantations and adjacent Atlantic forest fragments along the Ribeira de Iguape River using standard (hand sorting) methodologies. Furthermore, we review earthworm populations reported in banana/plantain plantations worldwide. Only two species (Pontoscolex corethrurus, Amynthas gracilis) belonging to two families (Rhinodrilidae, Megascolecidae) were found in the Ribeira River valley, occurring concurrently. Abundance was low (< 13 indiv. m-2) compared with other banana plantations worldwide, that frequently surpassed 100 indiv. m-2. More than 70 studies reported earthworms from >200 banana plantations in 28 countries, and mean species richness was 2.7 per site, ranging from 1 to 10 species. Exotics predominated in most sites and P. corethrurus was the most prevalent species encountered. Overall, more than 104 species from 10 families were reported, with around 61 native and 43 exotic widespread species, mainly of the Megascolecidae, Lumbricidae and Acanthodrilidae families. Richness was highest in India (27 spp.) and the Canary Islands (25 spp.), but native species dominated only in a few countries and sites, while exotics were prevalent especially in island countries and Brazil. Lower-input practices appear to be important for earthworm communities and banana plantations can have large earthworm populations in some cases, which may be contributing to soil processes and plant production, topics that deserve further attention. However, many important banana-producing countries have not yet been evaluated, so further work is warranted, both in terms of applied ecology and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, BrazilUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Alessandra Santos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, BrazilUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Danilo Eduardo Rozane
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430, Registro, SP, 11900-000, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRegistroBrazil
| | - Marie Luise Carolina Bartz
- University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3000-456, PortugalUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - George Gardner Brown
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, BrazilUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
- Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira, Km. 111, Colombo, PR, 83411-000, BrazilEmbrapa ForestryColomboBrazil
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Zytynska SE. Embracing the complexity of plant-microbe-insect interactions under a changing climate for sustainable agriculture. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 44:89-94. [PMID: 33887532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using beneficial soil bacteria to promote plant growth and reduce pests is a promising direction for sustainable agriculture. However, we need to understand the ecological basis of these interactions in order to identify those with the greatest potential to have an impact in the field. To do this, we need to embrace the complexity of multifactorial experiments to observe the strength of benefits across variable environments. I briefly review the recent literature on plant-microbe-insect interactions across changing environments, focusing on those using multiple factors. I finish by exploring ecological research approaches and multifactorial experimental designs that can be used to simplify the study of plant-microbe-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Zhang J, Cook J, Nearing JT, Zhang J, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Langille MGI, Cheng Z. Harnessing the plant microbiome to promote the growth of agricultural crops. Microbiol Res 2021; 245:126690. [PMID: 33460987 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere microbiome is composed of diverse microbial organisms, including archaea, viruses, fungi, bacteria as well as eukaryotic microorganisms, which occupy a narrow region of soil directly associated with plant roots. The interactions between these microorganisms and the plant can be commensal, beneficial or pathogenic. These microorganisms can also interact with each other, either competitively or synergistically. Promoting plant growth by harnessing the soil microbiome holds tremendous potential for providing an environmentally friendly solution to the increasing food demands of the world's rapidly growing population, while also helping to alleviate the associated environmental and societal issues of large-scale food production. There recently have been many studies on the disease suppression and plant growth promoting abilities of the rhizosphere microbiome; however, these findings largely have not been translated into the field. Therefore, additional research into the dynamic interactions between crop plants, the rhizosphere microbiome and the environment are necessary to better guide the harnessing of the microbiome to increase crop yield and quality. This review explores the biotic and abiotic interactions that occur within the plant's rhizosphere as well as current agricultural practices, and how these biotic and abiotic factors, as well as human practices, impact the plant microbiome. Additionally, some limitations, safety considerations, and future directions to the study of the plant microbiome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jamie Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jacob T Nearing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; CGEB-Integrated Microbiome Resource (IMR), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Metagenomic Analysis Exploring Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Sugarcane Fields Applied with Organic Fertilizer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9381506. [PMID: 33145361 PMCID: PMC7596465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9381506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic fertilizers are critically important to soil fertility, microbial communities, and sustainable agricultural strategies. We compared the effect of two fertilizer groups (organic+chemical fertilizer: OM, chemical fertilizer: CK) on sugarcane growth, by observing the difference in microbial communities and functions, soil nutrient status, and agronomic characters of sugarcane. The results showed that the sugar content and yield of sugarcane increased significantly under organic fertilizer treatment. We believe that the increased soil nutrient status and soil microorganisms are the reasons for this phenomenon. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that the soil nutrient condition has a major impact on the soil microbial community. In comparison with CK, the species richness of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes as well as the functional abundance of nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism increased significantly in the OM field. Moreover, compared with CK, genes related to the absorption and biosynthesis of sulfate were more prominent in OM. Therefore, consecutive organic fertilizer application could be an effective method in reference to sustainable production of sugarcane.
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Wang Z, Yue L, Dhankher OP, Xing B. Nano-enabled improvements of growth and nutritional quality in food plants driven by rhizosphere processes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105831. [PMID: 32540628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rising global population growth and limitation of traditional agricultural technology, global crop production could not provide enough nutrients to assure adequate intake for all people. Nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides have 20-30% higher efficacy than conventional products, which offer an effective solution to the above-mentioned problem. Rhizosphere is where plant roots, soil, and soil biota interact, and is the portal of nutrients transporting from soil into plants. The rhizosphere processes could modify the bioavailability of all nutrients and nanomaterials (NMs) before entering the food plants. However, to date, the overall rhizosphere processes regulating the behaviors and bioavailability of NMs to enhance the nutritional quality are still uncertain. In this review, a meta-analysis is conducted to quantitatively assess NMs-mediated changes in nutritional quality from food plants. Furthermore, the current knowledge and related mechanisms of the behavior and bioavailability of NMs driven by rhizosphere processes, e.g., root secretions, microbial and earthworm activities, are summarized. A series of rhizosphere processes can influence how NMs enter plants and change the biological responses, including signal transduction and nutrient absorption and transport. Moreover, future perspectives are presented to maximize the potentials of NMs applications for the enhancement of food crop production and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Om P Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Population Genetic Structure Reveals Two Lineages of Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in China, with Notes on a New Subspecies of Amynthas triastriatus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051538. [PMID: 32120953 PMCID: PMC7084275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaete: Megascolecidae) is a widely distributed endemic species in Southern China. To shed light on the population genetic diversity and to elucidate the population differentiation and dispersal of A. triastriatus, a population genetic structure study was undertaken based on samples from 35 locations collected from 2010 to 2016. Two exclusive lineages within A. triastriatus-lineage A and lineage B-were revealed. Lineage A was mainly distributed at high altitudes while lineage B was mainly distributed at low altitudes in Southeast China. The genetic diversity indices indicated that the populations of A. triastriatus had a strong genetic structure and distinct dispersal histories underlying the haplogroups observed in this study. Combined with morphological differences, these results indicated a new cryptic subspecies of A. triastriatus. Lineage A was almost degenerated to parthenogenesis and lineage B had a trend to parthenogenesis, which suggested that parthenogenesis could be an internal factor that influenced the differentiation and dispersal of A. triastriatus. The divergence time estimates showed that A. triastriatus originated around Guangxi and Guangdong provinces and generated into two main lineages 2.97 Ma (95%: 2.17-3.15 Ma) at the time of Quaternary glaciation (2.58 Ma), which suggested that the Quaternary glaciation may have been one of main factors that promoted the colonization of A. triastriatus.
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Zytynska SE, Eicher M, Rothballer M, Weisser WW. Microbial-Mediated Plant Growth Promotion and Pest Suppression Varies Under Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573578. [PMID: 33013998 PMCID: PMC7511531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering the dynamics of crop pests and diseases resulting in reduced crop yields. Using beneficial soil bacterial to increase crop health is a quickly developing area in sustainable agriculture, but it is unknown if climate change or interactions with other species could alter their effect. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Acidovorax radicis N35 is known to increase barley (Hordeum vulgare) plant growth under laboratory conditions, and we tested the stability of the plant-bacterial interactions when exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) levels while infesting the aboveground leaves with cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae) and the soil with beneficial earthworms. Acidovorax radicis N35 increased plant growth and reduced insect growth - with greatest effect in a high-stress elevated O3 environment, but reduced effects under elevated CO2. Earthworms promoted both plant and insect growth, but inoculation with A. radicis N35 alleviated some of the earthworm-mediated increase in pest abundance, particularly in the ambient environment. The consistency of these beneficial effects highlights the potential of exploiting local species interactions for predicting and mitigating climate change effects in managed systems. We conclude that microbial bioprotectants have high potential for benefiting agriculture via plant-growth promotion and pest suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Zytynska
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sharon E. Zytynska,
| | - Moritz Eicher
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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de Menezes AB, Prendergast-Miller MT, Macdonald LM, Toscas P, Baker G, Farrell M, Wark T, Richardson AE, Thrall PH. Earthworm-induced shifts in microbial diversity in soils with rare versus established invasive earthworm populations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4951599. [PMID: 29579181 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
European earthworms have colonised many parts of Australia, although their impact on soil microbial communities remains largely uncharacterised. An experiment was conducted to contrast the responses to Aporrectodea trapezoides introduction between soils from sites with established (Talmo, 64 A. trapezoides m-2) and rare (Glenrock, 0.6 A. trapezoides m-2) A. trapezoides populations. Our hypothesis was that earthworm introduction would lead to similar changes in bacterial communities in both soils. The effects of earthworm introduction (earthworm activity and cadaver decomposition) did not lead to a convergence of bacterial community composition between the two soils. However, in both soils, the Firmicutes decreased in abundance and a common set of bacteria responded positively to earthworms. The increase in the abundance of Flavobacterium, Chitinophagaceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Sphingobacteriales were consistent with previous studies. Evidence for possible soil resistance to earthworms was observed, with lower earthworm survival in Glenrock microcosms coinciding with A. trapezoides rarity in this site, lower soil organic matter and clay content and differences in the diversity and abundance of potential earthworm mutualist bacteria. These results suggest that while the impacts of earthworms vary between different soils, the consistent response of some bacteria may aid in predicting the impacts of earthworms on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynne M Macdonald
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Toscas
- Data61, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Geoff Baker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tim Wark
- Data61, QCAT, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, Australia
| | - Alan E Richardson
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter H Thrall
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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