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Huang JY, Feng W, Sang GX, McDonald S, He TF, Lin Y. Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of hospital visits for acute upper respiratory tract infections among adults: a time-series study in Ningbo, China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1555. [PMID: 38858655 PMCID: PMC11163729 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are prevalent in the general population. However, studies on the association of short-term exposure to air pollution with the risk of hospital visits for AURTIs in adults are limited. This study aimed to explore the short-term exposure to air pollutants among Chinese adults living in Ningbo. METHODS Quasi-Poisson time serious regressions with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were applied to explore the association between ambient air pollution and AURTIs cases. Patients ≥ 18 years who visit three hospitals, being representative for urban, urban-rural junction and rural were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS In total, 104,441 cases with AURTIs were enrolled in hospital during 2015-2019. The main results showed that particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen dioxide (SO2), were positively associated to hospital visits for AURTIs, except for nitrogen dioxide (O3), which was not statistically significant. The largest single-lag effect for PM2.5 at lag 8 days (RR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.08-1.40), for NO2 at lag 13 days (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 1.00-1.06) and for SO2 at lag 5 days (RR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.08-1.48), respectively. In the stratified analysis, females, and young adults (18-60 years) were more vulnerable to PM2.5 and SO2 and the effect was greater in rural areas and urban-rural junction. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ambient air pollution was significantly associated with hospital visits for AURTIs. This study provides epidemiological evidence for policymakers to control better air quality and establish an enhanced system of air pollution alerts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Huang
- Nottingham Ningbo GRADE Centre, School of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Fenghua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Guo-Xin Sang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1166, Fanjiangan Road, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Stuart McDonald
- Nottingham Ningbo GRADE Centre, School of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
| | - Tian-Feng He
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1166, Fanjiangan Road, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- Nottingham Ningbo GRADE Centre, School of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China.
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Jiang S, Tang L, Lou Z, Wang H, Huang L, Zhao W, Wang Q, Li R, Ding Z. The changing health effects of air pollution exposure for respiratory diseases: a multicity study during 2017-2022. Environ Health 2024; 23:36. [PMID: 38609898 PMCID: PMC11015632 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifaceted SARS-CoV-2 interventions have modified exposure to air pollution and dynamics of respiratory diseases. Identifying the most vulnerable individuals requires effort to build a complete picture of the dynamic health effects of air pollution exposure, accounting for disparities across population subgroups. METHODS We use generalized additive model to assess the likely changes in the hospitalisation and mortality rate as a result of exposure to PM2.5 and O3 over the course of COVID-19 pandemic. We further disaggregate the population into detailed age categories and illustrate a shifting age profile of high-risk population groups. Additionally, we apply multivariable logistic regression to integrate demographic, socioeconomic and climatic characteristics with the pollution-related excess risk. RESULTS Overall, a total of 1,051,893 hospital admissions and 34,954 mortality for respiratory disease are recorded. The findings demonstrate a transition in the association between air pollutants and hospitalisation rates over time. For every 10 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5, the rate of hospital admission increased by 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.7%) and 1.4% (1.0-1.7%) in the pre-pandemic and dynamic zero-COVID stage, respectively. Conversely, O3-related hospitalization rate would be increased by 0.7% (0.5-0.9%) in the pre-pandemic stage but lowered to 1.7% (1.5-1.9%) in the dynamic zero-COVID stage. Further assessment indicates a shift of high-risk people from children and young adolescents to the old, primarily the elevated hospitalization rates among the old people in Lianyungang (RR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.46, 1.60) and Nantong (RR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.57, 1.72) relative to those for children and young adolescents. Over the course of our study period, people with underlying diseases would have 26.5% (22.8-30.3%) and 12.7% (10.8-14.6%) higher odds of having longer hospitalisation and over 6 times higher odds of deaths after hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS Our estimates provide the first comprehensive evidence on the dynamic pollution-health associations throughout the pandemic. The results suggest that age and underlying diseases collectively determines the disparities of pollution-related health effect across population subgroups, underscoring the urgency to identifying the most vulnerable individuals to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian AV, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longjuan Tang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian AV, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Lou
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian AV, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ling Huang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian AV, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 172 Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian AV, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 172 Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhuang Z, Li D, Zhang S, Hu Z, Deng W, Lin H. Short-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 Chemical Components and Depression Outpatient Visits: A Case-Crossover Analysis in Three Chinese Cities. TOXICS 2024; 12:136. [PMID: 38393231 PMCID: PMC10892610 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between specific chemical components of PM2.5 and depression remains largely unknown. METHODS We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to evaluate the relationship of PM2.5 and its chemical components, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+), with the depression incidence. Daily depression outpatients were enrolled from Huizhou, Shenzhen, and Zhaoqing. RESULTS Among 247,281 outpatients, we found the strongest cumulative effects of PM2.5 and its chemical components with the odd ratios (ORs) of 1.607 (95% CI: 1.321, 1.956) and 1.417 (95% CI: 1.245, 1.612) at the 50th percentile of PM2.5 and OM at lag 21, respectively. Furthermore, the ORs with SO42- and NH4+ at the 75th percentile on the same lag day were 1.418 (95% CI: 1.247, 1.613) and 1.025 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.140). Relatively stronger associations were observed among females and the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PM2.5 and its chemical components might be important risk factors for depression. Reducing PM2.5 emissions, with a particular focus on the major sources of SO42- and OM, might potentially alleviate the burden of depression in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhuang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenfeng Deng
- Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 10 Jiangbei Fumin Road, Huizhou 516003, China;
| | - Hualiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Chen C, Wang Y, Song J, Yan J. The impact of air pollution on hospitalization for COPD patients in China. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:150-155. [PMID: 37968236 PMCID: PMC10843963 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid development of the global economy and the acceleration of urbanization, air pollution has become a major environmental problem threatening human health. There is limited evidence on the acute effects of air pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS From 2014 to 2019, we collected data on daily admissions for COPD patients from a city in China. We used the generalized additive model together with distributed lag models to fit the associations of air pollutants with hospital admissions. RESULTS We observed significant increments in the number of daily admissions (0.086-0.109%) for COPD for a unit range increase in air quality index, PM2.5 and PM10 over four lag days. The impact of air pollution on the number of daily admissions was mainly reflected in the COPD patients who were hospitalized through outpatient departments and tertiary hospitals. DISCUSSION Short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution may induce the occurrence or exacerbation of COPD patients; therefore, government departments should strengthen the management of air pollution, improve supervision and control mechanisms, pay attention to the quality of medical services, and reduce the adverse effects of air pollution on patients' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Public Finance & Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Public Finance & Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinglin Song
- Post-Doctoral Research Center, Bank of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- School of Health Services and Management, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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Go TH, Kim MH, Choi YY, Han J, Kim C, Kang DR. The short-term effect of ambient particulate matter on suicide death. Environ Health 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38169380 PMCID: PMC10763266 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution can cause various respiratory and neurological diseases and continuous exposure can lead to death. Previous studies have reported that particulate matter (PM) exposure increases the risk of depression, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal death; however, the results are inconsistent and limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between short-term PM exposure and suicide deaths, as well as investigate the short-term effects of PM on suicide death within vulnerable groups based on factors such as sex, age group, suicide-related information (note, method, and cause), psychiatric disorders, and physical diseases. METHODS Data on a total of 28,670 suicide deaths from 2013 to 2017, provided by the Korea Foundation for Suicide Prevention, were analyzed. The study design employed a time-series analysis with a two-stage approach. In the first step, a generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to estimate the short-term effect of PM exposure on suicide risk specific to each city. In the second step, the estimated results from each city were pooled through a meta-analysis to derive the overall effect. We determined the effects of single lag, cumulative lag, and moving average PM concentrations from days 0-7 before suicide. RESULTS We confirmed an association between exposure to PM10 (≤ 10 μm in diameter) and deaths due to suicide. In particular, among individuals with psychiatric disorders and those who employed non-violent suicide methods, increased exposure to PM10 was associated with a higher risk of death by suicide, with percentage changes of 5.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95-7.92) and 11.47 (95% CI: 7.95-15.11), respectively. Furthermore, in the group with psychiatric disorders, there was an observed tendency of increasing suicide risk as PM10 levels increased up to 120 µg/m3, whereas in the group with non-violent suicide deaths, there was a pronounced trend of rapid increase in suicide risk with an increase in PM10 up to 100 µg/m3. CONCLUSIONS These results show an association between short-term exposure to PM and suicide. Our study adds evidence for the benefits of reducing PM in preventing diseases and improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwa Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Choi
- Artificial Intelligence BigData Medical Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Han
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Precision Medicine and Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Tang Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Dai J, Zhang J. Province-level distribution and drivers of infant mortality in mainland China: a Geodetector-based analysis of data from 2020. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070444. [PMID: 37827731 PMCID: PMC10583042 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the province-level distribution and drivers of infant mortality rate (IMR) in mainland China. DESIGN Ecological analysis based on publicly available data for all 31 provinces in mainland China. DATA SOURCES Data on province-level IMRs in 2020 were obtained from the official websites of the healthcare commissions within each province and from the China Health Statistics Yearbook 2021. Data on potential IMR drivers were retrieved from the China Statistical Yearbook 2021. DATA ANALYSIS GeoDa V.1.12.1 and ArcMap V.10.2 software were used to examine province-level distribution of IMR. Global and local spatial autocorrelations were performed, and Getis-ord G* hotspots and coldspots were identified. Geodetector was used to analyse the individual and joint influence of drivers on IMR. RESULTS IMRs in 2020 varied from 1.91 to 7.60 per 1000 live births across provinces. The following statistically significant drivers with q values >0.5 were identified: health literacy of the population (0.6673), male illiteracy rate (0.6433), proportion of the population older than >65 years (0.6369), per capita government health expenditure (0.6216), forest coverage rate (0.5820), per capita disposable income (0.5785), per capita number of hospitals (0.5592), per capita gross regional product (0.5410) and sulfur dioxide concentration in the atmosphere (0.5158). The following three interactions among these drivers emerged as strongest influences on province-level IMR: proportion of population >65 years ∩ per capita gross regional product (q=0.9653), forest coverage rate ∩ per capita gross regional product (0.9610) and per capita government health expenditure ∩ sulfur dioxide (0.9295). CONCLUSION IMR in mainland China varies substantially across the country, being generally high-west and low-east. Several factors, on their own and interacting together, contribute to IMR. Policies and programmes to reduce IMR should be formulated according to local conditions and should focus on western provinces of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwen Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifeng Dai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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7
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Lu J, Yao L. Observational evidence for detrimental impact of inhaled ozone on human respiratory system. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:929. [PMID: 37221507 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental influence of inhaled ozone on human respiratory system is ambiguous due to the complexity of dose response relationship between ozone and human respiratory system. This study collects inhaled ozone concentration and respiratory disease data from Shenzhen City to reveal the impact of ozone on respiratory diseases using the Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) method at the 95% confidence level. The result of GAM exhibits a partially significant lag effect on acute respiratory diseases in cumulative mode. Since the traditional correlation analysis is incapable of capturing causality, the CCM method is applied to examine whether the inhaled ozone affects human respiratory system. The results demonstrate that the inhaled ozone has a significant causative impact on hospitalization rates of both upper and lower respiratory diseases. Furthermore, the harmful causative effects of ozone to the human health are varied with gender and age. Females are more susceptible to inhaled ozone than males, probably because of the estrogen levels and the differential regulation of lung immune response. Adults are more sensitive to ozone exposure than children, potentially due to the fact that children need longer time to react to ozone stress than adults, and the elderly are more tolerant than adults and children, which may be related to pulmonary hypofunction of the elderly while has little correlation with ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Jia H, Xu J, Ning L, Feng T, Cao P, Gao S, Shang P, Yu X. Ambient air pollution, temperature and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in a cold, industrial city. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04085. [PMID: 36243957 PMCID: PMC9569423 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influences of air pollution exposure and temperature on respiratory diseases have become major global health concerns. This study investigated the relationship between ambient air pollutant concentrations and temperature in cold industrial cities that have the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases. Methods A time-series study was conducted in Changchun, China, from 2015 to 2019 to analyse the number of daily admissions for respiratory diseases, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors. Time-series decomposition was applied to analyse the trend and characteristics of the number of admissions. Generalized additive models and distributed lag nonlinear models were constructed to explore the effects of air pollutant concentrations and temperature on the number of admissions. Results The number of daily admissions showed an increasing trend, and the seasonal fluctuation was obvious, with more daily admissions in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. There were positive and gradually decreasing lag effects of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and CO concentrations on the number of admissions, whereas O3 showed a J-shaped trend. The results showed that within the 7-day lag period, 0.5°C was the temperature associated with the lowest relative risk of admission due to respiratory disease, and extremely low and high temperatures (<-18°C, >27°C, respectively) increased the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases by 8.3% and 12.1%, respectively. Conclusions From 2015 to 2019, respiratory diseases in Changchun showed an increasing trend with obvious seasonality. The increased concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, PM2.5, O3 and PM10 lead to an increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases, with a significant lag effect. Both extreme heat and cold could lead to increases in the risk of admission due to respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jia
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liangwen Ning
- School of Public Administration, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tianyu Feng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng Cao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shang Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Panpan Shang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xihe Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
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Li Y, Luo X, Wu Y, Yan S, Liang Y, Jin X, Sun X, Mei L, Tang C, Liu X, He Y, Yi W, Wei Q, Pan R, Cheng J, Su H. Is higher ambient temperature associated with acute appendicitis hospitalizations? A case-crossover study in Tongling, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2083-2090. [PMID: 35913519 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing studies suggested that ambient temperature may affect the attack of acute appendicitis. However, the identification of the quantitative effect and vulnerable populations are still unknown. The purposes of this study were to quantify the impact of daily mean temperature on the hospitalization of acute appendicitis and clarify vulnerable groups, further guide targeted prevention of acute appendicitis in Tongling. Daily data of cases and meteorological factors were collected in Tongling, China, during 2015-2019. Time stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression model were used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of ambient temperature on hospitalizations for acute appendicitis. Stratified analyses were performed by sex, age, and marital status. The odds ratio (OR) of hospitalizations for acute appendicitis increased by 1.6% for per 1 ℃ rise in mean temperature at lag3[OR = 1.016, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004-1.028]. In addition, our results suggest it is in the women that increased ambient temperature is more likely to contribute to acute appendicitis hospitalizations; we also found that the married are more susceptible to acute appendicitis hospitalizations due to increased ambient temperature than the unmarried; people in the 21-40 years old are more sensitive to ambient temperature than other age groups. The significant results of the differences between the subgroups indicate that the differences between the groups are all statistically significant. The elevated ambient temperatures increased the risk of hospitalizations for acute appendicitis. The females, married people, and patients aged 21-40 years old were more susceptible to ambient temperature. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the impact of high ambient temperature on acute appendicitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuelian Luo
- Department of Medicine, Tongling Vocational and Technical College, Tongling, 244000, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yunfeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274444. [PMID: 36126064 PMCID: PMC9488831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity for polluted cities to install a strategic air quality management system. This study critically assessed the air pollution of Delhi for 2016–18 to found out the role of air pollutants in respiratory morbidity under the ICD-10, J00-J99. The critical assessment of Delhi air pollution was done using various approaches. The mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the measurement period exceeded both national and international standards by a wide margin. Time series charts indicated the interdependence of PM2.5 and PM10 and connection with hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Violin plots showed that daily respiratory disease hospital visits increased during the winter and autumn seasons. The winter season was the worst from the city’s air pollution point of view, as revealed by frequency analyses. The single and multi-pollutant GAM models indicated that short-term exposure to PM10 and SO2 led to increased hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Per 10 units increase in concentrations of PM10 brought the highest increase in hospital visits of 0.21% (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.002) at lag0-6 days. This study found the robust effect of SO2 persisted in Delhi from lag0 to lag4 days and lag01 to lag06 days for single and cumulative lag day effects, respectively. While every 10 μg m-3 increase of SO2 concentrations on the same day (lag0) led to 32.59% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61) rise of hospital visits, the cumulative concentration of lag0-1 led to 37.21% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI:1.11, 1.70) rise in hospital visits which further increased to even 83.33% (RR: 1.83, 95% CI:1.35, 2.49) rise at a lag0-6 cumulative concentration in Delhi. The role of SO2 in inducing respiratory diseases is worrying as India is now the largest anthropogenic SO2 emitter in the world.
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11
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Association between Ambient Air Pollutants and Pneumonia in Wuhan, China, 2014–2017. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess associations between short-time air pollution exposure and outpatient visits for pneumonia by the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Methods: Daily outpatient visits for pneumonia and air pollutant data were collected from Wuhan Basic Medical Insurance Database in China and 10 national air quality monitoring stations in Wuhan from 2014 to 2017, respectively. Taking the first percentile of the concentration as the reference, DLNM was used to estimate the impact of moderate (50th) and high levels (99th) of pollutants on pneumonia. Results: A total of 133,882 outpatient visits were identified during the period of the study. Moderate-level (P50) fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or sulfur dioxide (SO2) and high-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (P99) can increase the risk of pneumonia. The maximum RR was 1.198 (95% CI: 1.094–1.311) at lag0-11, 1.304 (95% CI: 1.166–1.458) at lag0-13, and 1.286 (95% CI: 1.060–1.561) at lag0-14, respectively. Females and children had greater risks. Conclusions: Short-time PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 exposure were associated with outpatient visits for pneumonia in Wuhan, China.
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12
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Zhou X, Wang C, Chen P, Chen Y, Yin L, Du W, Pu Y. Time series analysis of short-term effects of particulate matter pollution on the circulatory system disease mortality risk in Lishui District, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17520-17529. [PMID: 34665418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown a significant association between short-term exposure to air pollution and mortality risk for circulatory system diseases (CSD). However, informative insights on the significance and magnitude of its relationship in the process of government interventions on abating air pollution are still lacking, particularly in a burgeoning Chinese city. In this study, we conducted a time series study in Lishui District, Nanjing, to examine the effect of ambient particulate matter (PM), e.g., PM2.5 and PM10, on daily death counts of CSD which included cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular disease (CEVD), and arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) mortality from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. The results revealed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentration at lag0 day was associated with an increase of 1.33% (95% confidence interval, 0.08%, 2.60%) and 1.12% (0.43%, 1.82%) in CSD mortality; 2.42% (0.44%, 4.43%) and 1.43% (0.32%, 2.55%) in CVD mortality; 1.20% (- 0.31%, 2.73%) and 1.21% (0.38%, 2.05%) in CEVD mortality; and 2.78% (0.00%, 5.62%) and 1.66% (0.14%, 3.21%) in ASHD mortality, respectively. For cumulative risk, the corresponding increase in daily mortality for the same change in PM2.5 concentration at lag03 day was significantly associated with 1.94% (0.23%, 3.68%), 3.17% (0.58%, 5.84%), 2.38% (0.17%, 4.63%), and 4.92% (1.18%, 8.81%) for CSD, CVD, CEVD, and ASHD, respectively. The exposure-response curves were approximately nonlinear over the entire exposure range of the PM concentrations. We also analyzed the effect modifications by season (warm or cold), age group (0-64 years, 65-74 years, or ≥ 75 years), and sex (male or female). Although not statistically significant, stratified analysis showed greater vulnerability to PM exposure for cold season, population over 65 years of age, and female group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ce Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- The Lishui Smart City Operating Command Center, Nanjing, 211200, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Li G, Wu H, Zhong Q, He J, Yang W, Zhu J, Zhao H, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Huang F. Six air pollutants and cause-specific mortality: a multi-area study in nine counties or districts of Anhui Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:468-482. [PMID: 34331645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and its negative effects on health of people have been a global concern. Many studies had found a strong association between air pollutants and risk of death, but few had focused on the effects of six pollutants and rural areas. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of six air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2) on non-accidental and respiratory deaths in rural areas of Anhui Province by adjusting for confounding factors, and to further clarify which populations were susceptible to death associated with air pollution. In the first phase of the analysis, the generalized additive models were combined with the distributed lag non-linear models to evaluate the individual effects of air pollution on death in each area. In the second stage, random-effects models were used to aggregate the associations between air pollutants and mortality risk in nine areas. Overall, six pollutants had the strongest effects on the risk of death on the lag 07 days. The associations between PM2.5 and NO2 and daily non-accidental deaths were strongest, with maximum RR (lag 07): 1.63 (1.37-1.88) and 1.67 (1.37-1.96). The maximum pooled effects of association between six air pollutants and RD were PM2.5, with RR (lag 07): 1.89 (1.45-2.34). PM2.5 and PM10 had significant differences between the elderly and the non-elderly with respectively, RRR: 1.22 (1.04-1.41) and 1.26 (1.11-1.42). In general, we found that six air pollutants were the important risk factors for deaths (deaths from respiratory disease and non-accidental) in rural areas of Anhui Province. PM10 and PM2.5 had a considerable impact on the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huabing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jialiu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jinliang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hanshuang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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14
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Olschewski P, Kaspar-Ott I, Koller S, Schenkirsch G, Trepel M, Hertig E. Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211737. [PMID: 34831496 PMCID: PMC8617977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
While many authors have described the adverse health effects of poor air quality and meteorological extremes, there remain inconsistencies on a regional scale as well as uncertainty about the single and joint effects of atmospheric predictors. In this context, we investigated the short-term impacts of weather and air quality on moderate extreme cancer-related mortality events for the urban area of Augsburg, Southern Germany, during the period 2000–2017. First, single effects were uncovered by applying a case-crossover routine. The overall impact was assessed by performing a Mann–Whitney U testing scheme. We then compared the results of this procedure to extreme noncancer-related mortality events. In a second step, we found periods with contemporaneous significant predictors and carried out an in-depth analysis of these joint-effect periods. We were interested in the atmospheric processes leading to the emergence of significant conditions. Hence, we applied the Principal Component Analysis to large-scale synoptic conditions during these periods. The results demonstrate a strong linkage between high-mortality events in cancer patients and significantly above-average levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5) during the late winter through spring period. These were mainly linked to northerly to easterly weak airflow under stable, high-pressure conditions. Especially in winter and spring, this can result in low temperatures and a ground-level increase and the accumulation of air pollution from heating and traffic as well as eastern lateral advection of polluted air. Additionally, above-average temperatures were shown to occur on the days before mortality events from mid-summer through fall, which was also caused by high-pressure conditions with weak wind flow and intense solar radiation. Our approach can be used to analyse medical data with epidemiological as well as climatological methods while providing a more vivid representation of the underlying atmospheric processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Olschewski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (I.K.-O.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Irena Kaspar-Ott
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (I.K.-O.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (E.H.)
| | - Stephanie Koller
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (I.K.-O.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (E.H.)
| | - Gerhard Schenkirsch
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Augsburg University Medical Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (I.K.-O.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (E.H.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Augsburg University Medical Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Augsburg University Medical Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hertig
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (I.K.-O.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (E.H.)
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15
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Phytoremediation: The Sustainable Strategy for Improving Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the world’s population is exposed to highly polluted air conditions exceeding the WHO limits, causing various human diseases that lead towards increased morbidity as well as mortality. Expenditures on air purification and costs spent on the related health issues are rapidly increasing. To overcome this burden, plants are potential candidates to remove pollutants through diverse biological mechanisms involving accumulation, immobilization, volatilization, and degradation. This eco-friendly, cost-effective, and non-invasive method is considered as a complementary or alternative tool compared to engineering-based remediation techniques. Various plant species remove indoor and outdoor air pollutants, depending on their morphology, growth condition, and microbial communities. Hence, appropriate plant selection with optimized growth conditions can enhance the remediation capacity significantly. Furthermore, suitable supplementary treatments, or finding the best combination junction with other methods, can optimize the phytoremediation process.
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16
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Wang M, Li H, Huang S, Qian Y, Steenland K, Xie Y, Papatheodorou S, Shi L. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111766. [PMID: 34331919 PMCID: PMC8578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been characterized as a leading cause of mortality worldwide and has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. There is increasing evidence that short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is related to adverse health effects and mortality. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of short-term NO2 and daily mortality, which were indexed in PubMed and Embase up to June 2021. We calculated random-effects estimates by different continents and globally, and tested for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS We included 87 articles in our quantitative analysis. NO2 and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis. For all-cause mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.58% (95%CI 1.28%-1.88%, I2 = 96.3%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 57) increase in the risk of death. For cause-specific mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.72% (95%CI 1.41%-2.04%, I2 = 87.4%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 42) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 2.05% (95%CI 1.52%-2.59%, I2 = 78.5%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 38) increase in respiratory mortality. In the sensitivity analysis, the meta-estimates for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were nearly identical. The heterogeneity would decline to varying degrees through regional and study-design stratification. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between short-term exposure to NO2, a proxy for traffic-sourced air pollutants, and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Zangari Del Balzo G. Methodological notes on pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 research. Theory Biosci 2021; 140:279-294. [PMID: 34494181 PMCID: PMC8423596 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-021-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, many brilliant results have been achieved, but the thermodynamics of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been completely neglected. This is a serious systematic error, which can compromise the results of the entire pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 research. In the present work, we therefore study the thermodynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in its environment, from air to endosome and endosome-independent cell entry pathways. In the study of the thermodynamics of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in air, the presence of pollen, bacteria, other viruses, spores, dust, but more particularly, that of nanoparticles of health interest at the same scale threshold as the spike proteins of the pandemic virus, such as particulate matter, cannot be neglected. This work therefore starts from a comparative study of the air environments in China and Italy, the first countries affected by the infection. Currently, a correlation between the spread of infection and pollution is still very controversial. But our paper is not concerned with this. We propose some methodological notes which lead us to the formulation of a general mathematical apparatus (an energy landscape theory), suitable to explain at the molecular level the energetic configurations of the quasi-species of the pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 in its environment. We focus on complexes between the viral particle and other objects in its environment at the scale threshold of the spikes of the viral particle. Then, we wondered if such complexes can lead to the generation of more aggressive viral variants and how to predict their populations and energy configurations, in order to plan an adequate prophylaxis.
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18
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Yan Y, Chen X, Guo Y, Wu C, Zhao Y, Yang N, Dai J, Gong J, Xiang H. Ambient air pollution and cerebrovascular disease mortality: an ecological time-series study based on 7-year death records in central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27299-27307. [PMID: 33511535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cerebrovascular diseases focused on specific stroke-related outcomes, and results were inconsistent due to data unavailability and limited sample size. It is unclear yet how ambient air pollution contributes to the total cardiovascular mortality in central China. Daily deaths from cerebrovascular diseases were obtained from the Disease Surveillance Point System (DSPs) of Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention during the period from 2013 to 2019. Air pollution data were obtained from Wuhan Ecology and Environment Institute from 10 national air quality monitoring stations, including average daily PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3. Average daily temperature and relative humidity were obtained from Wuhan Meteorological Bureau. We performed a Poisson regression in generalized additive models (GAM) to examine the association between ambient air pollution and cerebrovascular disease mortality. We observed a total of 84,811 deaths from cerebrovascular diseases from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019 in Wuhan. Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 was positively associated with daily deaths from cerebrovascular diseases, and no significant association was found for O3. The largest effect on cerebrovascular disease mortality was found at lag0 for PM2.5 (ERR: 0.927, 95% CI: 0.749-1.105 per 10 μg/m3) and lag1 for PM10 (ERR: 0.627, 95% CI: 0.493-0.761 per 10 μg/m3), SO2 (ERR: 2.518, 95% CI: 1.914, 3.122 per 10 μg/m3), and NO2 (ERR: 1.090, 95% CI: 0.822-1.358 per 10 μg/m3). The trends across lags were statistically significant. The stratified analysis demonstrated that females were more susceptible to SO2 and NO2, while elder individuals aged above 65 years old, compared with younger people, suffered more from air pollution, especially from SO2. Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 were significantly associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease mortality, and elder females seemed to suffer more from air pollution. Further research is required to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Yan
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuangxin Wu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Niannian Yang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Dai
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zhou YM, Fan YN, Yao CY, Xu C, Liu XL, Li X, Xie WJ, Chen Z, Jia XY, Xia TT, Li YF, Ji AL, Cai TJ. Association between short-term ambient air pollution and outpatient visits of anxiety: A hospital-based study in northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111071. [PMID: 33798515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety, a common and devastating mental disorder, has raised widespread interests. The impacts of air pollution on physical health are well known, whereas few studies have explored the association of atmospheric pollution, especially short-term air pollution exposure, with the risk of anxiety disorders. In addition, there are increasing concerns in emerging evidence supporting a possible etiological link. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the relationship between short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants and anxiety outpatient visits in Xi'an, a city of northwestern China and a metropolis with relatively heavy air pollution. We collected the data of both daily outpatient visits and daily air pollution (SO2, NO2, and PM10) between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2016 (2222 days). To clarify the association between short-term ambient atmospheric pollution exposure and anxiety outpatient visits, an over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model was applied by adjusting the day of the week and weather conditions (including temperature, humidity, sunlight hours, and rainfalls). Positive association between gaseous air pollutants (SO2 and NO2) and anxiety daily outpatient visits was observed. Moreover, the largest estimated values of both SO2 and NO2 were evidence at lag 03 (4-day moving average lag), with 10 μg/m3 increase corresponded to the increase of outpatient anxiety visits at 4.11% (95% CI: 2.15%, 6.06%) for SO2 and 3.97% (95% CI: 1.90%, 6.06%) for NO2. However, there was no differences in susceptibility to air pollutants between different genders as well as different ages. Taken together, short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially gaseous air pollutants (NO2 and SO2), can be related to higher risk of anxiety outpatient visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yan-Ni Fan
- Medical Record Room of Information Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Chun-Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Wei-Jia Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiao-Yue Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ai-Ling Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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20
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Hswen Y, Zhang A, Ventelou B. Estimation of Asthma Symptom Onset Using Internet Search Queries: Lag-Time Series Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e18593. [PMID: 33970108 PMCID: PMC8145078 DOI: 10.2196/18593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma affects over 330 million people worldwide. Timing of an asthma event is extremely important and lack of identification of asthma increases the risk of death. A major challenge for health systems is the length of time between symptom onset and care seeking, which could result in delayed treatment initiation and worsening of symptoms. Objective This study evaluates the utility of the internet search query data for the identification of the onset of asthma symptoms. Methods Pearson correlation coefficients between the time series of hospital admissions and Google searches were computed at lag times from 4 weeks before hospital admission to 4 weeks after hospital admission. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMAX) model with an autoregressive process at lags of 1 and 2 and Google searches at weeks –1 and –2 as exogenous variables were conducted to validate our correlation results. Results Google search volume for asthma had the highest correlation at 2 weeks before hospital admission. The ARIMAX model using an autoregressive process showed that the relative searches from Google about asthma were significant at lags 1 (P<.001) and 2 (P=.04). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that internet search queries may provide a real-time signal for asthma events and may be useful to measure the timing of symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hswen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France
| | - Amanda Zhang
- Mathematics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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21
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Association between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and ischemic heart disease and non-accidental death in Changsha city, China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251108. [PMID: 33939751 PMCID: PMC8092655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central and southern China areas on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-accidental deaths. Method We investigated the associations between short-term exposure to SO2 and CO in a city in south-central China and IHD and non-accidental death using a time-series design and generalized additive models with up to a 5-day lag adjusting for day of the week, temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity. The relative risks of IHD and non-accidental death per 10-unit increase in SO2 and CO were derived from zero to five days in single-pollutant models. Results Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 10,507 IHD and 44,070 non-accidental deaths were identified. The largest significant relative risk for IHD death was lag 02 for both SO2 (1.080; 95% confidence interval: 1.075–1.084) and CO (5.297; 95% confidence interval: 5.177–5.418) in single-pollutants models. A significant association was shown at all lag multiple-day moving averages. Two-pollutant models identified an association between SO2 and mortality when adjusting for CO. In stratified analyses, SO2 exhibited a stronger association with death during the cold season, while CO exhibited a stronger association with mortality from IHD during the warm season. The risk of death was more robust in the elderly for both pollutants, but was greater in men for CO and in women for SO2. Conclusions Overall, we found an association between short-term exposure to low-level SO2 and CO and the risk of IHD and non-accidental death.
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22
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Islam N, Bukhari Q, Jameel Y, Shabnam S, Erzurumluoglu AM, Siddique MA, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB. COVID-19 and climatic factors: A global analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110355. [PMID: 33127399 PMCID: PMC7591297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown if COVID-19 will exhibit seasonal pattern as other diseases e.g., seasonal influenza. Similarly, some environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity) have been shown to be associated with transmission of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but global data on their association with COVID-19 are scarce. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between climatic factors and COVID-19. METHODS We used multilevel mixed-effects (two-level random-intercepts) negative binomial regression models to examine the association between 7- and 14-day-lagged temperature, humidity (relative and absolute), wind speed and UV index and COVID-19 cases, adjusting for Gross Domestic Products, Global Health Security Index, cloud cover (%), precipitation (mm), sea-level air-pressure (mb), and daytime length. The effects estimates are reported as adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Data from 206 countries/regions (until April 20, 2020) with ≥100 reported cases showed no association between COVID-19 cases and 7-day-lagged temperature, relative humidity, UV index, and wind speed, after adjusting for potential confounders, but a positive association with 14-day-lagged temperature and a negative association with 14-day-lagged wind speed. Compared to an absolute humidity of <5 g/m3, an absolute humidity of 5-10 g/m3 was associated with a 23% (95% CI: 6-42%) higher rate of COVID-19 cases, while absolute humidity >10 g/m3 did not have a significant effect. These findings were robust in the 14-day-lagged analysis. CONCLUSION Our results of higher COVID-19 cases (through April 20) at absolute humidity of 5-10 g/m3 may be suggestive of a 'sweet point' for viral transmission, however only controlled laboratory experiments can decisively prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Qasim Bukhari
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA
| | - Yusuf Jameel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA
| | - Sharmin Shabnam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Muhammad A Siddique
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, USA
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Zhao X, Lu M, An Z, Li J, Li H, Zhao Q, Wu Z, Wu W, Liu Y, Song J. Acute effects of ambient air pollution on hospital outpatients with chronic pharyngitis in Xinxiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1923-1931. [PMID: 32780156 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present results on a time-series study that analyzed the acute effects of six criteria air pollutants on hospital outpatient with chronic pharyngitis (CP) in Xinxiang, China. Data on the concentration of air pollutants and CP outpatient records were collected daily in Xinxiang, China, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. This study identified 62,823 outpatients with CP. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 are 75.7, 132.1, 33.2, 48.4, 1377, and 59.4 μg/m3, respectively. Further, a 10 μg/m3 increment in the concentration of PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO corresponds to an increase of 0.28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.53%), 1.10% (95% CI: 0.09-2.11%), 1.82% (95% CI: 0.84-2.80%), and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.01-0.06%) in daily CP hospital outpatients, respectively. Furthermore, results indicated that outpatients under the age of 15 are more susceptible to the air pollutants, excluding O3. Meanwhile, males might be more susceptible, and effect estimates appear slightly stronger in the cool season. Therefore, we should implement effective measures to manage air pollutants and reinforce protection of the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengxue Lu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhineng Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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Sicard P, De Marco A, Agathokleous E, Feng Z, Xu X, Paoletti E, Rodriguez JJD, Calatayud V. Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139542. [PMID: 32447070 PMCID: PMC7237366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on air pollution in four Southern European cities (Nice, Rome, Valencia and Turin) and Wuhan (China) was quantified, with a focus on ozone (O3). Compared to the same period in 2017-2019, the daily O3 mean concentrations increased at urban stations by 24% in Nice, 14% in Rome, 27% in Turin, 2.4% in Valencia and 36% in Wuhan during the lockdown in 2020. This increase in O3 concentrations is mainly explained by an unprecedented reduction in NOx emissions leading to a lower O3 titration by NO. Strong reductions in NO2 mean concentrations were observed in all European cities, ~53% at urban stations, comparable to Wuhan (57%), and ~65% at traffic stations. NO declined even further, ~63% at urban stations and ~78% at traffic stations in Europe. Reductions in PM2.5 and PM10 at urban stations were overall much smaller both in magnitude and relative change in Europe (~8%) than in Wuhan (~42%). The PM reductions due to limiting transportation and fuel combustion in institutional and commercial buildings were partly offset by increases of PM emissions from the activities at home in some of the cities. The NOx concentrations during the lockdown were on average 49% lower than those at weekends of the previous years in all cities. The lockdown effect on O3 production was ~10% higher than the weekend effect in Southern Europe and 38% higher in Wuhan, while for PM the lockdown had the same effect as weekends in Southern Europe (~6% of difference). This study highlights the challenge of reducing the formation of secondary pollutants such as O3 even with strict measures to control primary pollutant emissions. These results are relevant for designing abatement policies of urban pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, C.R. Casaccia, Italy.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agro-meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agro-meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, Parque Tecnológico, C/ Charles R. Darwin, 14, Paterna, Spain
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Hwang J, Kwon J, Yi H, Bae HJ, Jang M, Kim N. Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1402. [PMID: 32928163 PMCID: PMC7491133 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years. Methods A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19 years (2001–2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts). Results For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations. Conclusion Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Yi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Bae
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Jang
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkug Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea. .,Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine. Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Chang Q, Liu S, Chen Z, Zu B, Zhang H. Association between air pollutants and outpatient and emergency hospital visits for childhood asthma in Shenyang city of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1539-1548. [PMID: 32388688 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effects of air pollution on asthma vary in different study areas, and long-term time series research on the effects of air pollution on asthma outpatients and emergency hospital visits has not been conducted in Northeast China. We assessed the impact of air pollutants on the risk of asthma outpatients and emergency hospital visits in Shenyang, China. A distributed lag non-linear model with a Poisson regression was used to assess the short-term effects of air pollutants on asthma outpatient and emergency hospital visits between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. Confounding factors were adjusted using natural cubic splines. Ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and suspended particulates < 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) were positively associated with the number of asthma hospital visits. The largest cumulative effects of O3, CO, and PM10 on hospital visits were on lag day 2 (RR = 1.163, 95% CI 1.051-1.287) for 0-5-year-old childhood asthma, on lag day 3 (RR = 1.386, 95% CI 1.136-1.69) for asthma in winter, and on lag day 10 (RR = 1.148, 95% CI 0.942-1.399) for female asthma, respectively. The cumulative effect of air pollution represented by the air quality index (AQI) was largest on lag day 10 for 0-5-year-old childhood asthma with an increase of 28.6% (95% CI 6.5-55.4) hospital visits every IQR increment of the AQI. CO, O3, and PM10 were the main air pollutants in Shenyang city. Children with bronchitis asthma were more vulnerable to air pollution during the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Huaxiang Road, No. 39, Tiexi District, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Office, Environmental Monitoring Experiment Center of Liaoning Province, Shuang Road, No. 30 A3, Hunnan District, Shenyang, China
| | - Zongjiao Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Office, Environmental Monitoring Experiment Center of Liaoning Province, Shuang Road, No. 30 A3, Hunnan District, Shenyang, China
| | - Biao Zu
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Office, Environmental Monitoring Experiment Center of Liaoning Province, Shuang Road, No. 30 A3, Hunnan District, Shenyang, China
| | - Hehua Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Huaxiang Road, No. 39, Tiexi District, Shenyang, China.
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27
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Electron microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of airborne ultrafine particles: its effects on the cell viability. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is one of the most common air pollution sources causing various health-related conditions like cardiovascular diseases. However, among the three major PM types, UFPs have not yet been independently studied for their toxic effects on human health. In this study, we collected airborne dusts from Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea, and analyzed it to understand the structural and chemical features of UFPs by using transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TEM result showed UFP size to be within 100 nm, with some even appearing about 10 nm in size, while the X-ray spectroscopic studies implied the presence of sulfur to be a part of the UFPs chemical composition. We extended our study by carrying out in vitro cell analysis to understand the cellular response upon UFPs treatment. Our results serve as an analytical platform providing the preliminary information about the structural and compositional aspects of UFPs that can be attributed to further understanding of sulfur-induced human diseases.
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Slama A, Śliwczyński A, Woźnica-Pyzikiewicz J, Zdrolik M, Wiśnicki B, Kubajek J, Turżańska-Wieczorek O, Studnicki M, Wierzba W, Franek E. The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalizations in 5 cities in Poland: comparison of time-series and case-crossover analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24582-24590. [PMID: 32356054 PMCID: PMC7326830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Very few publications have compared different study designs investigating the short-term effects of air pollutants on healthcare visits and hospitalizations for respiratory tract diseases. This study describes, using two different study designs (a case-crossover design and a time-series analysis), the association of air pollutants and respiratory disease hospitalizations. The study has been conducted on 5 cities in Poland on a timeline of almost 4 years. DLNM and regression models were both used for the assessment of the short-term effects of air pollution peaks on respiratory hospitalizations. Both case-crossover and time-series studies equally revealed a positive association between air pollution peaks and hospitalization occurrences. Results were provided in the form of percentage increase of a respiratory visit/hospitalization, for each 10-μg/m3 increment in single pollutant level for both study designs. The most significant estimated % increases of hospitalizations linked to increase of 10 μg/m3 of pollutant have been recorded in general with particulate matter, with highest values for 24 h PM2.5 in Warsaw (6.4%, case-crossover; 4.5%, time series, respectively) and in Białystok (5.6%, case-crossover; 4.5%, time series, respectively). The case-crossover analysis results have shown a larger CI in comparison to the results of the time-series analysis, while the lag days were easier to identify with the case-crossover design. The trends and the overlap of the results occurring from both methods are good and show applicability of both study designs to air pollution effects on short-term hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Slama
- Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- University of Humanities and Economics in Łodz, Satellite Campus in Warsaw, ul. Wolność 2a, 01-018, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Zdrolik
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Wiśnicki
- Department of Business Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Al. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kubajek
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Studnicki
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wierzba
- University of Humanities and Economics in Łodz, Satellite Campus in Warsaw, ul. Wolność 2a, 01-018, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Franek
- Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
- Mossakowski Clinical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Dastoorpoor M, Riahi A, Yazdaninejhad H, Borsi SH, Khanjani N, Khodadadi N, Mohammadi MJ, Aghababaeian H. Exposure to particulate matter and carbon monoxide and cause-specific Cardiovascular-Respiratory disease mortality in Ahvaz. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1716256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Riahi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Yazdaninejhad
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Borsi
- Department of Pulmonology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khodadadi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing and Emergency Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Xu Z, Tong S, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Wang N, Zhang Y, Hayixibayi A, Hu W. Heatwaves, hospitalizations for Alzheimer's disease, and postdischarge deaths: A population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108714. [PMID: 31520832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available data on the effects of heatwaves on hospitalizations and postdischarge status of Alzheimer's disease patients are very scarce. METHODS We used data from a retrospective cohort study which included Alzheimer's disease patients who were hospitalized from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2013 in Brisbane, Australia, and died within two months after they were discharged. A time-stratified case-crossover design using conditional logistic regression was employed to quantify the effects of heatwaves on hospitalizations and postdischarge deaths due to Alzheimer's disease. A case-only design was used to assess the modification effects of age, sex, and community-level vegetation and Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) on heatwave effects. RESULTS There were 907 hospitalizations in the study period, and 307 patients died within two months after discharge. Hospitalizations and postdischarge deaths due to Alzheimer's disease increased by 51% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2%, 126%) and 269% (95% CI: 76%, 665%), respectively, during middle-intensity heatwaves (i.e., 95th percentile & ≥2 days). The magnitude of heatwave effect on postdischarge deaths increased dramatically when heatwave intensity increased from 95th percentile to 97th percentile. People who lived in communities with low-level vegetation were more vulnerable to heatwave effect on hospitalizations for Alzheimer's disease than those who lived in communities with high-level vegetation (relative risk: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.16, 7.98). CONCLUSION Heatwaves increased the risk of hospitalizations for those living with Alzheimer's disease, and increased the risk of postdischarge deaths of Alzheimer's disease patients. Increasing urban greenness may ease heat-related Alzheimer's disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Human Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alimila Hayixibayi
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Tran BL, Chang CC, Hsu CS, Chen CC, Tseng WC, Hsu SH. Threshold Effects of PM2.5 Exposure on Particle-Related Mortality in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193549. [PMID: 31546750 PMCID: PMC6801731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution from energy use and other sources is a major environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of serious diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This study elucidates the health effects of energy consumption from air pollution in China based on multiple threshold effects of the population-weighted exposure to PM2.5 (fine particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter) on particle-related mortality rate. We firstly estimate the causal relationship between coal consumption and PM2.5 in China for 2004-2010 using a panel regression model. Panel threshold models are applied to access the non-linear relationships between PM2.5 and cause-specific mortality rates that indicate the health effects are dependent on the PM2.5 ranges. By combining these steps, we calculate the health impacts of coal consumption based on threshold effects of PM2.5. We find that a 1% coal consumption increase induces a 0.23% increase in PM2.5. A triple threshold effect is found between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality; for example, increasing PM2.5 exposure causes cardiovascular mortality rate to increase when PM2.5 lies in 17.7-21.6 μg/m3 and 21.6-34.3 μg/m3, with the estimated increments being 0.81% and 0.26%, respectively, corresponding to 1% PM2.5 increase. A single threshold effect of SO2 on respiratory mortality rate is identified and allows the estimation of the mortality effects of PM2.5 regarding the two regimes of SO2. Finally, we access the health impacts of coal consumption under specific estimated thresholds. This study provides a better understanding of sources contributing to related-air pollution mortality. The multi-threshold effect of PM2.5 could be considered for further applications in harmonizing emission standards in China and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Linh Tran
- Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chia-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Chen
- Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chun Tseng
- Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Liu G, Sun B, Yu L, Chen J, Han B, Liu B, Chen J. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease mortality in a cool climate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23603-23614. [PMID: 31203548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The associations between exposure to short-term ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) mortality in cool climate have not been established. We performed a time-series analysis in Shenyang, the largest city of Northeastern China. We identified 7659 ASHD deaths and obtained deaths, ambient air pollution levels, and meteorological data for Shenyang during 2014-2017. The impact of ambient air pollution on daily ASHD deaths was analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs). Cumulative lag effects were investigated using distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). We found ASHD deaths significantly increased during days with higher air pollution. Particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were positively associated with ASHD deaths among the total population. Both single- and multi-pollutants models indicated that PM2.5, PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were positively associated with the deaths of women with AHSD, whereas only SO2 was significant in men. This suggests significant gender-based differences in the fatal effects of ambient air pollution. Up to 28 days of single-day lag effects were observed for PM2.5 and PM10 in women. The cumulative lag effects of PM2.5 and PM10 showed increasing trends in both men and women; however, exposure to higher pollutant concentrations did not necessarily translate to greater risks. The ERRs differences between women and men were larger in cold days than in hot days, suggesting that lower temperature may exacerbate the adverse effects of air pollution on vulnerable women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 98 Quanyunsan Road, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Baijun Sun
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.37 Qishan Road, Shenyang, 110031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzheng Yu
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Prevention, Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.242 Shayang Road, Shenyang, 110005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.37 Qishan Road, Shenyang, 110031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 98 Quanyunsan Road, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Mokoena KK, Ethan CJ, Yu Y, Shale K, Liu F. Ambient air pollution and respiratory mortality in Xi'an, China: a time-series analysis. Respir Res 2019; 20:139. [PMID: 31277656 PMCID: PMC6612149 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although air pollution is a known fundamental problem in China, few studies have investigated the associations between ambient air pollution and respiratory mortality in non-metropolitan cities of China. The study aimed to investigate a potential relationship between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China. Methods Daily averages of PM2.5, SO2, O3, temperature, relative humidity and daily counts of respiratory mortality were obtained (2014–2016). Using a single and multi-pollutant approach in time-series analysis, the generalized additive model with natural splines was used for analysis. Subgroup analysis stratified by gender and age group (≤ 64 years and ≥ 65 years) was conducted. Results Seven thousand nine hundred sixty-five cases of respiratory mortality were assessed, with 62.9, 28.5, and 8.6% of mortality attributed to chronic lower respiratory diseases, influenza and pneumonia, as well as other forms of respiratory diseases, respectively. Observed pollutants were significantly associated with respiratory mortality. In the single pollutant model, 10 μg/m3 increase in a two-day moving average of PM2.5, and SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with relative risk 1.313(1.032, 1.708) and 1.4020(0.827, 2.854) of respiratory mortality, respectively. The effects of both air pollutants remained statistically significant after adjusting for collinearity in the multi-pollutant model. Ozone was only statistically associated with respiratory mortality in females at lag 0 [RR: 0.964(0.938, 0.991)]. Conclusion This study provided evidence that respiratory mortality in Xi’an was significantly associated with exposure to ambient air pollutants from 2014 to 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Katleho Mokoena
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9300, South Africa
| | - Crystal Jane Ethan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Karabo Shale
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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34
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Aliyu YA, Botai JO. An Exposure Appraisal of Outdoor Air Pollution on the Respiratory Well-being of a Developing City Population. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2019; 8:91-100. [PMID: 30859794 PMCID: PMC7325812 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zaria is the educational hub of northern Nigeria. It is a developing city with a pollution level high enough to be ranked amongst the World Health Organization’s (WHO) most polluted cities. The study appraised the influence of outdoor air pollution on the respiratory well-being of a population in a limited resource environment. With the approved ethics, the techniques utilized were: portable pollutant monitors, respiratory health records, WHO AirQ+ software, and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) questionnaire. They were utilized to acquire day-time weighted outdoor pollution levels, health respiratory cases, assumed baseline incidence (BI), and exposure respiratory symptoms among selected study participants respectively. The study revealed an average respiratory illness incidence rate of 607 per 100,000 cases. Findings showed that an average of 2648 cases could have been avoided if the theoretical WHO threshold limit for the particulate matter with diameter of <2.5/10 micron (PM2.5/PM10) were adhered to. Using the questionnaire survey, phlegm was identified as the predominant respiratory symptom. A regression analysis showed that the criteria pollutant PM2.5, was the most predominant cause of respiratory symptoms among interviewed respondents. The study logistics revealed that outdoor pollution is significantly associated with respiratory well-being of the study population in Zaria, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya A Aliyu
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Geomatics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joel O Botai
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,South African Weather Service, Erasmusrand, Pretoria, South Africa
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35
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Zhu F, Ding R, Lei R, Cheng H, Liu J, Shen C, Zhang C, Xu Y, Xiao C, Li X, Zhang J, Cao J. The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and lung cancer mortality in Hefei: A time-series analysis. Respir Med 2019; 146:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Qiu H, Yu H, Wang L, Zhu X, Chen M, Zhou L, Deng R, Zhang Y, Pu X, Pan J. The burden of overall and cause-specific respiratory morbidity due to ambient air pollution in Sichuan Basin, China: A multi-city time-series analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:428-436. [PMID: 30121467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the respiratory morbidity burden due to ambient air pollution in China, especially in a multi-city setting. This study aimed to estimate the short-term effects of ambient air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2) on hospital admissions (HAs) for overall and cause-specific respiratory diseases, as well as the associated burden in 17 cities of Sichuan Basin, China during 2015-2016. Firstly, city-specific effect estimates for each pollutant on respiratory HAs were obtained using generalized additive model with quasi-Poisson link, and then random- or fixed-effects meta-analysis was applied to pool the effect estimates at the regional level. Subgroup analyses by sex, age, season and region were also performed. A total of 757,712 respiratory HAs were collected from all the tertiary and secondary hospitals located in the 17 cities. Risks of HAs for overall and cause-specific respiratory diseases were elevated following increased PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 exposure. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 at lag01, PM2.5 at lag01, NO2 at lag0 and SO2 at lag02 was associated with a 0.43% (95% CI: 0.33%, 0.53%), 0.53% (95% CI: 0.39%, 0.68%), 2.36% (95% CI: 1.75%, 2.98%) and 2.54% (95% CI: 1.51%, 3.59%) increases in total respiratory HAs, respectively. Children (≤ 14 years) and elderly (≥ 65 years) appeared to be more vulnerable to the effects of ambient air pollutants. Comparing to the WHO's air quality guidelines, we estimated that 1.84% (95%CI: 1.42%, 2.25%), 1.73% (95%CI: 1.27%, 2.19%) and 0.34% (95%CI: 0.21%, 0.48%) of respiratory HAs were due to PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 exposure, respectively. This study suggests that air pollution might be an important trigger of respiratory admissions, and result in substantial burden of HAs for respiratory diseases in Sichuan Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Liya Wang
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengdie Chen
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren Deng
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Health Information Association, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Chengdu Shulianyikang Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Pu
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Health Information Association, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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37
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Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in Taiyuan, China: A Time-Series Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102160. [PMID: 30275384 PMCID: PMC6210308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalization in Taiyuan, China. Daily data of respiratory disease hospitalization, daily concentration of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2017 in Taiyuan were included in our study. We conducted a time-series study design and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10-μg/m³ increment of air pollutants and percent increase of respiratory disease hospitalization. A total of 127,565 respiratory disease hospitalization cases were included in this study during the present period. In single-pollutant models, the effect values in multi-day lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 at lag02 days, SO₂ at lag03 days, PM10 and NO₂ at lag05 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with respiratory disease hospitalization. No significant association was found between O₃ and respiratory disease hospitalization. SO₂ and NO₂ were still significantly associated with hospitalization after adjusting for PM2.5 or PM10 into two-pollutant models. Females and younger population for respiratory disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males and older groups. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of the ambient air pollutants, especially SO₂ and NO₂, and to enhance the protection of the high-risk population from air pollutants, thereby reducing the burden of respiratory disease caused by ambient air pollution.
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Qiu H, Tan K, Long F, Wang L, Yu H, Deng R, Long H, Zhang Y, Pan J. The Burden of COPD Morbidity Attributable to the Interaction between Ambient Air Pollution and Temperature in Chengdu, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29534476 PMCID: PMC5877037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity attributable to the interaction between ambient air pollution and temperature has been limited. This study aimed to examine the modification effect of temperature on the association of ambient air pollutants (including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) and <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3)) with risk of hospital admissions (HAs) for COPD, as well as the associated morbidity burden in urban areas of Chengdu, China, from 2015 to 2016. Based on the generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson link, bivariate response surface model and stratification parametric model were developed to investigate the potential interactions between ambient air pollution and temperature on COPD HAs. We found consistent interactions between ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and SO2) and low temperature on COPD HAs, demonstrated by the stronger associations between ambient air pollutants and COPD HAs at low temperatures than at moderate temperatures. Subgroup analyses showed that the elderly (≥80 years) and males were more vulnerable to this interaction. The joint effect of PM and low temperature had the greatest impact on COPD morbidity burden. Using WHO air quality guidelines as reference concentration, about 17.30% (95% CI: 12.39%, 22.19%) and 14.72% (95% CI: 10.38%, 19.06%) of COPD HAs were attributable to PM2.5 and PM10 exposures on low temperature days, respectively. Our findings suggested that low temperature significantly enhanced the effects of PM and SO2 on COPD HAs in urban Chengdu, resulting in increased morbidity burden. This evidence has important implications for developing interventions to reduce the risk effect of COPD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Kun Tan
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Sichuan Health Information Association, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Feiyu Long
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Health Big Data Research Institute, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- School of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China.
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-2111, USA.
| | - Ren Deng
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Sichuan Health Information Association, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hu Long
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Sichuan Health Information Association, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Chengdu Shulianyikang Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Sichuan Health Information Association, Chengdu 610041, China.
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39
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Bai L, Su X, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Zhang H, Wang S, Xie M, Su H. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and acute bronchitis in children: season and age as modifiers. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:426-433. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAcute bronchitis (AB) is one of the principal causes of childhood morbidity. Increasing number of studies has shown that air pollution is an important environmental contributor of respiratory disease. However, evidence so far is scarce regarding the effects of air pollution on childhood AB, and it also remains unclear how the risk of AB will change by season and age.MethodsData on hospital visits for AB in children, air pollution and meteorological factors from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016 were collected in Hefei, China. Time-series analysis was applied to assess the short-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on childhood AB outpatient visits. A Poisson generalised linear regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the relationships, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal patterns, meteorological factors and other possible confounders.ResultsWe found that an IQR increase in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter <2.5 µm and carbon monoxide significantly increased the daily hospital visits for childhood AB with 4-day cumulative effect estimates (relative risks: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05; 1.09, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.11; 1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.09). Notably, the risk estimates during the cold season are pronounced; however, no significant association was observed during the warm season. Interestingly, children aged 6–14 years were more vulnerable to air pollutants than children aged less than 1 year and within 1–5 years. However, no gender difference was observed.ConclusionA significant association of traffic-related air pollution and increased department visits for childhood AB was observed, notably in school-age children and during the cold season.
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