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Leach BI, Lister D, Adams SR, Bykowski J, Schwartz AB, McConville P, Dimant H, Ahrens ET. Cryo-Fluorescence Tomography as a Tool for Visualizing Whole-Body Inflammation Using Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2024:10.1007/s11307-024-01926-w. [PMID: 39023693 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explore the use of intravenously delivered fluorescent perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsion tracers and multi-spectral cryo-fluorescence tomography (CFT) for whole-body tracer imaging in murine inflammation models. CFT is an emerging technique that provides high-resolution, three-dimensional mapping of probe localization in intact animals and tissue samples, enabling unbiased validation of probe biodistribution and minimizes reliance on laborious histological methods employing discrete tissue panels, where disseminated populations of PFC-labeled cells may be overlooked. This methodology can be used to streamline the development of new generations of non-invasive, cellular-molecular imaging probes for in vivo imaging. PROCEDURES Mixtures of nanoemulsions with different fluorescent emission wavelengths were administered intravenously to naïve mice and models of acute inflammation, colitis, and solid tumor. Mice were euthanized 24 h post-injection, frozen en bloc, and imaged at high resolution (~ 50 µm voxels) using CFT at multiple wavelengths. RESULTS PFC nanoemulsions were visualized using CFT within tissues of the reticuloendothelial system and inflammatory lesions, consistent with immune cell (macrophage) labeling, as previously reported in in vivo magnetic resonance and nuclear imaging studies. The CFT signals show pronounced differences among fluorescence wavelengths and tissues, presumably due to autofluorescence, differential fluorescence quenching, and scattering of incident and emitted light. CONCLUSIONS CFT is an effective and complementary methodology to in vivo imaging for validating PFC nanoemulsion biodistribution at high spatial localization, bridging the resolution gap between in vivo imaging and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Leach
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Julie Bykowski
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amy B Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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2
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Toomajian V, Tundo A, Ural EE, Greeson EM, Contag CH, Makela AV. Magnetic Particle Imaging Reveals that Iron-Labeled Extracellular Vesicles Accumulate in Brains of Mice with Metastases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30860-30873. [PMID: 38860682 PMCID: PMC11194773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer remains high worldwide and is associated with a significant risk of metastasis to the brain that can be fatal; this is due, in part, to the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to cross the BBB and further have been used to deliver drugs to tumors. EVs from different cell types appear to have different patterns of accumulation and retention as well as the efficiency of bioactive cargo delivery to recipient cells in the body. Engineering EVs as delivery tools to treat brain metastases, therefore, will require an understanding of the timing of EV accumulation and their localization relative to metastatic sites. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a sensitive and quantitative imaging method that directly detects superparamagnetic iron. Here, we demonstrate MPI as a novel tool to characterize EV biodistribution in metastatic disease after labeling EVs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Iron-labeled EVs (FeEVs) were collected from iron-labeled parental primary 4T1 tumor cells and brain-seeking 4T1BR5 cells, followed by injection into the mice with orthotopic tumors or brain metastases. MPI quantification revealed that FeEVs were retained for longer in orthotopic mammary carcinomas compared to SPIOs. MPI signal due to iron could only be detected in brains of mice bearing brain metastases after injection of FeEVs, but not SPIOs, or FeEVs when mice did not have brain metastases. These findings indicate the potential use of EVs as a therapeutic delivery tool in primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria
A. Toomajian
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Anthony Tundo
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Evran E. Ural
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Emily M. Greeson
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Christopher H. Contag
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ashley V. Makela
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Yang H, Howerton B, Brown L, Izumi T, Cheek D, Brandon JA, Marti F, Gedaly R, Adatorwovor R, Chapelin F. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Macrophage Response to Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5874. [PMID: 38136418 PMCID: PMC10742077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality which, in conjunction with biopsies, provide a qualitative assessment of tumor response to treatment. Intravenous injection of contrast agents such as fluorine (19F) nanoemulsions labels systemic macrophages, which can, then, be tracked in real time with MRI. This method can provide quantifiable insights into the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment and macrophage recruitment during therapy. METHODS Female mice received mammary fat pad injections of murine breast or colon cancer cell lines. The mice then received an intravenous 19F nanoemulsion injection, followed by a baseline 19F MRI. For each cancer model, half of the mice then received 8 Gy of localized radiation therapy (RT), while others remained untreated. The mice were monitored for two weeks for tumor growth and 9F signal using MRI. RESULTS Across both cohorts, the RT-treated groups presented significant tumor growth reduction or arrest, contrary to the untreated groups. Similarly, the fluorine signal in treated groups increased significantly as early as four days post therapy. The fluorine signal change correlated to tumor volumes irrespective of time. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential of 19F MRI to non-invasively track macrophages during radiation therapy and its prognostic value with regard to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Yang
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Brock Howerton
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Logan Brown
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (T.I.); (F.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dennis Cheek
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - J. Anthony Brandon
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Francesc Marti
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (T.I.); (F.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (T.I.); (F.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Reuben Adatorwovor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Fanny Chapelin
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Wu LL, Yuan SF, Lin QY, Chen GM, Zhang W, Zheng WE, Lin HL. Construction and validation of risk model of EMT-related prognostic genes for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3549. [PMID: 37271571 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a prevalent type of urological malignancy. The present study aimed to predict biomarkers for KIRC. METHODS We collected transcriptomic and clinical information for KIRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE22541 cohorts. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering of 35 epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related differentially expressed gene profiles divided samples into two clusters with distinct immune characteristics. Six genes (IL20RB, DDC, ANKRD36BP2, F2RL1, TEK, and AMN) were found to construct a prognostic risk model using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested the better prognosis of the KIRC patients in the low-risk group than that in the high-risk group. Immune infiltration analyses was conducted using xCell and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, indicating that the risk score was associated with the immune microenvironment of the KIRC. Prognostic marker gene-targeted medications with high drug sensitivity were predicted in KIRC patients. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the present study identified IL20RB, DDC, ANKRD36BP2, F2RL1, TEK, and AMN as prognostic biomarkers, providing insight into immunotherapy and gene-targeted drugs of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shao-Fei Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Rui'an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei-E Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiation and Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Long Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Maxouri O, Bodalal Z, Daal M, Rostami S, Rodriguez I, Akkari L, Srinivas M, Bernards R, Beets-Tan R. How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started. BJR Open 2023; 5:20230019. [PMID: 37953866 PMCID: PMC10636348 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in the routine imaging workflow, providing both anatomical and functional information. 19F MRI is an evolving imaging modality where instead of 1H, 19F nuclei are excited. As the signal from endogenous 19F in the body is negligible, exogenous 19F signals obtained by 19F radiofrequency coils are exceptionally specific. Highly fluorinated agents targeting particular biological processes (i.e., the presence of immune cells) have been visualised using 19F MRI, highlighting its potential for non-invasive and longitudinal molecular imaging. This article aims to provide both a broad overview of the various applications of 19F MRI, with cancer imaging as a focus, as well as a practical guide to 19F imaging. We will discuss the essential elements of a 19F system and address common pitfalls during acquisition. Last but not least, we will highlight future perspectives that will enhance the role of this modality. While not an exhaustive exploration of all 19F literature, we endeavour to encapsulate the broad themes of the field and introduce the world of 19F molecular imaging to newcomers. 19F MRI bridges several domains, imaging, physics, chemistry, and biology, necessitating multidisciplinary teams to be able to harness this technology effectively. As further technical developments allow for greater sensitivity, we envision that 19F MRI can help unlock insight into biological processes non-invasively and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Xia W, Singh N, Goel S, Shi S. Molecular Imaging of Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114865. [PMID: 37182699 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a key role as the first line of defense in various human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In contrast to tissue biopsies and blood biopsies, in vivo imaging of the innate immune system can provide whole body measurements of immune cell location and function and changes in response to disease progression and therapy. Rationally developed molecular imaging strategies can be used in evaluating the status and spatio-temporal distributions of the innate immune cells in near real-time, mapping the biodistribution of novel innate immunotherapies, monitoring their efficacy and potential toxicities, and eventually for stratifying patients that are likely to benefit from these immunotherapies. In this review, we will highlight the current state-of-the-art in noninvasive imaging techniques for preclinical imaging of the innate immune system particularly focusing on cell trafficking, biodistribution, as well as pharmacokinetics and dynamics of promising immunotherapies in cancer and other diseases; discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in integrating imaging modalities and immunology and suggest potential solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Xia
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Shreya Goel
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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7
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Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages for Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010144. [PMID: 36678773 PMCID: PMC9866064 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) occupy a significant niche in tumor margin aggregation and respond to changes in the TIME. Thus, targeting TAMs is important for tumor monitoring, surgical guidance and efficacy evaluation. Continuously developing nanoprobes and imaging agents paves the way toward targeting TAMs for precise imaging and diagnosis. This review summarizes the commonly used nanomaterials for TAM targeting imaging probes, including metal-based nanoprobes (iron, manganese, gold, silver), fluorine-19-based nanoprobes, radiolabeled agents, near-infrared fluorescence dyes and ultrasonic nanobubbles. Additionally, the prospects and challenges of designing nanomaterials for imaging and diagnosis (targeting efficiency, pharmacokinetics, and surgery guidance) are described in this review. Notwithstanding, TAM-targeting nanoplatforms provide great potential for imaging, diagnosis and therapy with a greater possibility of clinical transformation.
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8
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Jing F, Liu X, Chen X, Wu F, Gao Q. Tailoring biomaterials and applications targeting tumor-associated macrophages in cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049164. [PMID: 36439188 PMCID: PMC9691967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in supporting tumor growth and metastasis, taming host immunosurveillance, and augmenting therapeutic resistance. As the current treatment paradigms for cancers are generally insufficient to exterminate cancer cells, anti-cancer therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs have been developed. Since TAMs are highly heterogeneous and the pro-tumoral functions are mediated by phenotypes with canonical surface markers, TAM-associated materials exert anti-tumor functions by either inhibiting polarization to the pro-tumoral phenotype or decreasing the abundance of TAMs. Furthermore, TAMs in association with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immunity have been extensively exploited in mounting evidence, and could act as carriers or accessory cells of anti-tumor biomaterials. Recently, a variety of TAM-based materials with the capacity to target and eliminate cancer cells have been increasingly developed for basic research and clinical practice. As various TAM-based biomaterials, including antibodies, nanoparticles, RNAs, etc., have been shown to have potential anti-tumor effects reversing the TME, in this review, we systematically summarize the current studies to fully interpret the specific properties and various effects of TAM-related biomaterials, highlighting the potential clinical applications of targeting the crosstalk among TAMs, tumor cells, and immune cells in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Jing
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Cell sorting microbeads as novel contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17640. [PMID: 36271098 PMCID: PMC9586996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of several cell-based therapies and prevalent use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the clinic has fueled the development of contrast agents for specific cell tracking applications. Safe and efficient labeling of non-phagocytic cell types such as T cells nonetheless remains challenging. We developed a one-stop shop approach where the T cell sorting agent also labels the cells which can subsequently be depicted using non-invasive MRI. We compared the MR signal effects of magnetic-assisted cell sorting microbeads (CD25) to the current preclinical gold standard, ferumoxytol. We investigated in vitro labeling efficiency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) with MRI and histopathologic confirmation. Thereafter, Tregs and T cells were labeled with CD25 microbeads in vitro and delivered via intravenous injection. Liver MRIs pre- and 24 h post-injection were performed to determine in vivo tracking feasibility. We show that CD25 microbeads exhibit T2 signal decay properties similar to other iron oxide contrast agents. CD25 microbeads are readily internalized by Tregs and can be detected by non-invasive MRI with dose dependent T2 signal suppression. Systemically injected labeled Tregs can be detected in the liver 24 h post-injection, contrary to T cell control. Our CD25 microbead-based labeling method is an effective tool for Treg tagging, yielding detectable MR signal change in cell phantoms and in vivo. This novel cellular tracking method will be key in tracking the fate of Tregs in inflammatory pathologies and solid organ transplantation.
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10
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Croci D, Santalla Méndez R, Temme S, Soukup K, Fournier N, Zomer A, Colotti R, Wischnewski V, Flögel U, van Heeswijk RB, Joyce JA. Multispectral fluorine-19 MRI enables longitudinal and noninvasive monitoring of tumor-associated macrophages. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo2952. [PMID: 36260692 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors, are characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the immune cells infiltrating the glioma TME, tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) constitute the major compartment. In patients with gliomas, increased TAM abundance is associated with more aggressive disease. Alterations in TAM phenotypes and functions have been reported in preclinical models of multiple cancers during tumor development and after therapeutic interventions, including radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapies. These findings indicate that it is crucial to evaluate TAM abundance and dynamics over time. Current techniques to quantify TAMs in patients rely mainly on histological staining of tumor biopsies. Although informative, these techniques require an invasive procedure to harvest the tissue sample and typically only result in a snapshot of a small region at a single point in time. Fluorine isotope 19 MRI (19F MRI) represents a powerful means to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor myeloid cells in pathological conditions by intravenously injecting perfluorocarbon-containing nanoparticles (PFC-NP). In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility and power of 19F MRI in preclinical models of gliomagenesis, breast-to-brain metastasis, and breast cancer and showed that the major cellular source of 19F signal consists of TAMs. Moreover, multispectral 19F MRI with two different PFC-NP allowed us to identify spatially and temporally distinct TAM niches in radiotherapy-recurrent murine gliomas. Together, we have imaged TAMs noninvasively and longitudinally with integrated cellular, spatial, and temporal resolution, thus revealing important biological insights into the critical functions of TAMs, including in disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Croci
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Rui Santalla Méndez
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.,Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Klara Soukup
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Anoek Zomer
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Colotti
- In Vivo Imaging Facility (IVIF), Department of Research and Training, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Wischnewski
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
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11
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Multinuclear MRI in Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196493. [PMID: 36235031 PMCID: PMC9572840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of magnetic resonance imaging broadens the range of applications to newer areas. Using MRI, we can not only visualize, but also track pharmaceutical substances and labeled cells in both in vivo and in vitro tests. 1H is widely used in the MRI method, which is determined by its high content in the human body. The potential of the MRI method makes it an excellent tool for imaging the morphology of the examined objects, and also enables registration of changes at the level of metabolism. There are several reports in the scientific publications on the use of clinical MRI for in vitro tracking. The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential for scientific research and clinical studies. Tuning MRI scanners to the Larmor frequency of a given nucleus, allows imaging without tissue background. Heavy nuclei are components of both drugs and contrast agents and molecular complexes. The implementation of hyperpolarization techniques allows for better MRI sensitivity. The aim of this review is to present the use of multinuclear MRI for investigations in drug delivery.
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12
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Deng H, Li Xu, Ju J, Mo X, Ge G, Zhu X. Multifunctional nanoprobes for macrophage imaging. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Makela AV, Schott MA, Sehl OC, Gevaert JJ, Foster PJ, Contag CH. Tracking the fates of iron-labeled tumor cells in vivo using magnetic particle imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3617-3623. [PMID: 36134351 PMCID: PMC9400501 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of imaging to detect and monitor the movement and accumulation of cells in living subjects can provide significant insights that can improve our understanding of metastasis and guide therapeutic development. For cell tracking using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), cells are labeled with iron oxides and the effects of the iron on water provides contrast. However, due to low specificity and difficulties in quantification with MRI, other modalities and approaches need to be developed. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging imaging technique which directly detects iron, allowing for a specific, quantitative and sensitive readout. Here, we use MPI to image iron-labeled tumor cells longitudinally, from implantation and growth at a primary site to movement to distant anatomic sites. In vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was used to localize tumor metastases and computed tomography (CT) allowed for correlation of these signals to anatomic locations. These three imaging modalities provide information on immune escape and metastasis of iron-labeled, and unlabeled, tumor cells, and the accumulation of cell-free iron contrast over time. We localized iron signals by MPI and tumor cells via BLI, and correlated these positive contrast images with CT scans to reveal the anatomic sites with cancer cells; histologic analysis confirmed the presence of iron-labeled tumor cells in the tissues, suggesting that the metastatic cells retained enough iron for MPI detection. The use of multi-modality cell tracking reveals the movement, accumulation and fates of labeled cells that will be helpful understanding cancer progression and guiding the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering East Lansing MI USA
| | - Melissa A Schott
- Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering East Lansing MI USA
| | - Olivia C Sehl
- Western University, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics London ON Canada
| | - Julia J Gevaert
- Western University, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics London ON Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Western University, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics London ON Canada
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering East Lansing MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MSU East Lansing MI USA
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14
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Makela AV, Schott MA, Madsen CS, Greeson EM, Contag CH. Magnetic Particle Imaging of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Living Contrast Agents Is Improved by Altering Magnetosome Arrangement. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4630-4639. [PMID: 35686930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can be used as imaging agents to differentiate between normal and diseased tissue or track cell movement. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) detects the magnetic properties of SPIONs, providing quantitative and sensitive image data. MPI performance depends on the size, structure, and composition of nanoparticles. Magnetotactic bacteria produce magnetosomes with properties similar to those of synthetic nanoparticles, and these can be modified by mutating biosynthetic genes. The use of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, MSR-1 with a mamJ deletion, containing clustered magnetosomes instead of typical linear chains, resulted in improved MPI signal and resolution. Bioluminescent MSR-1 with the mamJ deletion were administered into tumor-bearing and healthy mice. In vivo bioluminescence imaging revealed the viability of MSR-1, and MPI detected signals in livers and tumors. The development of living contrast agents offers opportunities for imaging and therapy with multimodality imaging guiding development of these agents by tracking the location, viability, and resulting biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Melissa A Schott
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Cody S Madsen
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Emily M Greeson
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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15
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Harvell-Smith S, Tung LD, Thanh NTK. Magnetic particle imaging: tracer development and the biomedical applications of a radiation-free, sensitive, and quantitative imaging modality. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3658-3697. [PMID: 35080544 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tracer-based modality that enables real-time three-dimensional imaging of the non-linear magnetisation produced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in the presence of an external oscillating magnetic field. As a technique, it produces highly sensitive radiation-free tomographic images with absolute quantitation. Coupled with a high contrast, as well as zero signal attenuation at-depth, there are essentially no limitations to where that can be imaged within the body. These characteristics enable various biomedical applications of clinical interest. In the opening sections of this review, the principles of image generation are introduced, along with a detailed comparison of the fundamental properties of this technique with other common imaging modalities. The main feature is a presentation on the up-to-date literature for the development of SPIONs tailored for improved imaging performance, and developments in the current and promising biomedical applications of this emerging technique, with a specific focus on theranostics, cell tracking and perfusion imaging. Finally, we will discuss recent progress in the clinical translation of MPI. As signal detection in MPI is almost entirely dependent on the properties of the SPION employed, this work emphasises the importance of tailoring the synthetic process to produce SPIONs demonstrating specific properties and how this impacts imaging in particular applications and MPI's overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Harvell-Smith
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Le Duc Tung
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
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16
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Modo M, Ghuman H, Azar R, Krafty R, Badylak SF, Hitchens TK. Mapping the acute time course of immune cell infiltration into an ECM hydrogel in a rat model of stroke using 19F MRI. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121386. [PMID: 35093825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel implantation into a stroke-induced tissue cavity invokes a robust cellular immune response. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of immune cell infiltration into peri-infarct brain tissues versus the ECM-bioscaffold remain poorly understood. We here tagged peripheral immune cells using perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions that afford their visualization by 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior to ECM hydrogel implantation, only blood vessels could be detected using 19F MRI. Using "time-lapse" 19F MRI, we established the infiltration of immune cells into the peri-infarct area occurs 5-6 h post-ECM implantation. Immune cells also infiltrated through the stump of the MCA, as well as a hydrogel bridge that formed between the tissue cavity and the burr hole in the skull. Tissue-based migration into the bioscaffold was observed between 9 and 12 h with a peak signal measured between 12 and 18 h post-implantation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of circulating immune cells revealed that 9% of cells were labeled with PFC nanoemulsions, of which the vast majority were neutrophils (40%) or monocytes (48%). Histology at 24 h post-implantation, in contrast, indicated that macrophages (35%) were more numerous in the peri-infarct area than neutrophils (11%), whereas the vast majority of immune cells within the ECM hydrogel were neutrophils (66%). Only a small fraction (12%) of immune cells did not contain PFC nanoemulsions, indicating a low type II error for 19F MRI. 19F MRI hence provides a unique tool to improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of immune cells invading bioscaffolds and effecting biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reem Azar
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Krafty
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020382. [PMID: 35214114 PMCID: PMC8874484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize, especially from studies over the last decade, the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
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18
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Thanh Nguyen TD, Marasini R, Aryal S. Re-engineered imaging agent using biomimetic approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1762. [PMID: 34698438 PMCID: PMC8758533 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in biomedical technology, the clinical bioimaging, has a greater impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, especially by early intervention and precise therapy. Varieties of organic and inorganic materials either in the form of small molecules or nano-sized materials have been engineered as a contrast agent (CA) to enhance image resolution among different tissues for the detection of abnormalities such as cancer and vascular occlusion. Among different innovative imaging agents, contrast agents coupled with biologically derived endogenous platform shows the promising application in the biomedical field, including drug delivery and bioimaging. Strategy using biocomponents such as cells or products of cells as a delivery system predominantly reduces the toxic behavior of its cargo, as these systems reduce non-specific distribution by navigating its cargo toward the targeted location. The hypothesis is that depending on the original biological role of the naïve cell, the contrast agents carried by such a system can provide corresponding natural designated behavior. Therefore, by combining properties of conventional synthetic molecules and nanomaterials with endogenous cell body, new solutions in the field of bioimaging to overcome biological barriers have been offered as innovative bioengineering. In this review, we will discuss the engineering of cell and cell-derived components as a delivery system for various contrast agents to achieve clinically relevant contrast for diagnosis and study underlining mechanism of disease progression. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ramesh Marasini
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State Univeristy, Manhattan, KS
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, USA
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19
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Lechuga LM, Forsberg MH, Walker KL, Ludwig KD, Capitini CM, Fain SB. Detection and viability of murine NK cells in vivo in a lymphoma model using fluorine-19 MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4600. [PMID: 34409665 PMCID: PMC8635739 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell therapies are being increasingly used as an adoptive cell therapy for cancer because they can recognize tumor cells in an antigen-independent manner. While promising, the understanding of NK cell persistence, particularly within a harsh tumor microenvironment, is limited. Fluorine-19 (19 F) MRI is a noninvasive imaging modality that has shown promise in longitudinally tracking cell populations in vivo; however, it has not been studied on murine NK cells. In this study, the impact of 19 F labeling on murine NK cell viability and function was assessed in vitro and then used to quantify NK cell persistence in vivo. While there was no noticeable impact on viability, labeling NK cells with 19 F did attenuate cytotoxicity against lymphoma cells in vitro. Fluorescent microscopy verified 19 F labeling in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of NK cells. Lymphoma-bearing mice were given intratumoral injections of 19 F-labeled NK cells in which signal was detectable across the 6 day observation period via 19 F MRI. Quantification from the composite images detected 78-94% of the initially injected NK cells across 6 days, with a significant decrease between Days 3 and 6. Postmortem flow cytometry demonstrated retention of 19 F intracellularly within adoptively transferred NK cells with less than 1% of 19 F-containing cells identified as tumor-associated macrophages that presumably ingested nonviable NK cells. This work demonstrates that 19 F MRI offers a specific imaging platform to track and quantify murine NK cells within tumors noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Lechuga
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew H Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kirsti L Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kai D Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Tay ZW, Chandrasekharan P, Fellows BD, Arrizabalaga IR, Yu E, Olivo M, Conolly SM. Magnetic Particle Imaging: An Emerging Modality with Prospects in Diagnosis, Targeting and Therapy of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5285. [PMID: 34771448 PMCID: PMC8582440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging imaging modality for quantitative direct imaging of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION or SPIO). With different physics from MRI, MPI benefits from ideal image contrast with zero background tissue signal. This enables clear visualization of cancer with image characteristics similar to PET or SPECT, but using radiation-free magnetic nanoparticles instead, with infinite-duration reporter persistence in vivo. MPI for cancer imaging: demonstrated months of quantitative imaging of the cancer-related immune response with in situ SPION-labelling of immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, CAR T-cells). Because MPI suffers absolutely no susceptibility artifacts in the lung, immuno-MPI could soon provide completely noninvasive early-stage diagnosis and treatment monitoring of lung cancers. MPI for magnetic steering: MPI gradients are ~150 × stronger than MRI, enabling remote magnetic steering of magneto-aerosol, nanoparticles, and catheter tips, enhancing therapeutic delivery by magnetic means. MPI for precision therapy: gradients enable focusing of magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic-actuated drug release with up to 2 mm precision. The extent of drug release from the magnetic nanocarrier can be quantitatively monitored by MPI of SPION's MPS spectral changes within the nanocarrier. CONCLUSION MPI is a promising new magnetic modality spanning cancer imaging to guided-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Building, Singapore 138667, Singapore;
| | - Prashant Chandrasekharan
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; (P.C.); (B.D.F.); (I.R.A.); (E.Y.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin D. Fellows
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; (P.C.); (B.D.F.); (I.R.A.); (E.Y.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Irati Rodrigo Arrizabalaga
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; (P.C.); (B.D.F.); (I.R.A.); (E.Y.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Elaine Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; (P.C.); (B.D.F.); (I.R.A.); (E.Y.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Building, Singapore 138667, Singapore;
| | - Steven M. Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; (P.C.); (B.D.F.); (I.R.A.); (E.Y.); (S.M.C.)
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21
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Zhang P, He B, Cai Q, Tu G, Peng X, Zhao Z, Peng W, Yu F, Wang M, Tao Y, Wang X. Decreased IL-6 and NK Cells in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground-Glass Opacity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705888. [PMID: 34568032 PMCID: PMC8457009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ground-glass opacities (GGOs) are an early manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma. It is of great value to study the changes in the immune microenvironment of GGO to elucidate the occurrence and evolution of early lung adenocarcinoma. Although the changes of IL-6 and NK cells in lung adenocarcinoma have caught global attention, we have little appreciation for how IL-6 and NK cells in the lung GGO affect the progression of early lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We analyzed the RNA sequencing data of surgical specimens from 21 patients with GGO-featured primary lung adenocarcinoma and verified the changes in the expression of IL-6 and other important immune molecules in the TCGA and GEO databases. Next, we used flow cytometry to detect the protein expression levels of important Th1/Th2 cytokines in GGO and normal lung tissues and the changes in the composition ratio of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Then, we analyzed the effect of IL-6 on NK cells through organoid culture and immunofluorescence. Finally, we explored the changes of related molecules and pathway might be involved. Results IL-6 may play an important role in the tumor microenvironment of early lung adenocarcinoma. Further research confirmed that the decrease of IL-6 in GGO tissue is consistent with the changes in NK cells, and there seems to be a correlation between these two phenomena. Conclusion The IL-6 expression status and NK cell levels of early lung adenocarcinoma as GGO are significantly reduced, and the stimulation of IL-6 can up-regulate or activate NK cells in GGO, providing new insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of early lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxu Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Zambito G, Deng S, Haeck J, Gaspar N, Himmelreich U, Censi R, Löwik C, Di Martino P, Mezzanotte L. Fluorinated PLGA-PEG-Mannose Nanoparticles for Tumor-Associated Macrophage Detection by Optical Imaging and MRI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:712367. [PMID: 34513879 PMCID: PMC8429784 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer growth and metastasis, but their role in tumor development needs to be fully understood due to the dynamic changes of tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we report an approach to visualize TAMs by optical imaging and by Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is largely applied to track immune cells in vivo. TAMs are targeted with PLGA-PEG-mannose nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE) as MRI contrast agent. These particles are preferentially recognized and phagocytized by TAMs that overexpress the mannose receptor (MRC1/CD206). The PLGA-PEG-mannose NPs are not toxic and they were up-taken by macrophages as confirmed by in vitro confocal microscopy. At 48 h after intravenous injection of PLGA-PEG-mannose NPs, 4T1 xenograft mice were imaged and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed nanoparticle retention at the tumor site. Because of the lack of 19F background in the body, observed 19F signals are robust and exhibit an excellent degree of specificity. In vivo imaging of TAMs in the TME by 19F MRI opens the possibility for detection of cancer at earlier stage and for prompt therapeutic interventions in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medres Medical Research GmBH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joost Haeck
- Applied Molecular Imaging Facility of Erasmus MC (AMIE) Core Facility, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasa Gaspar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Percuros B.V., Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MR Unit, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Wang C, Leach BI, Lister D, Adams SR, Xu H, Hoh C, McConville P, Zhang J, Messer K, Ahrens ET. Metallofluorocarbon Nanoemulsion for Inflammatory Macrophage Detection via PET and MRI. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1146-1153. [PMID: 33277399 PMCID: PMC8833871 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.255273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a range of serious human conditions, including autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The ability to image active inflammatory processes greatly enhances our ability to diagnose and treat these diseases at an early stage. We describe molecular compositions enabling sensitive and precise imaging of inflammatory hotspots in vivo. Methods: A functionalized nanoemulsion with a fluorocarbon-encapsulated radiometal chelate (FERM) was developed to serve as a platform for multimodal imaging probe development. The 19F-containing FERM nanoemulsion encapsulates 89Zr in the fluorous oil via a fluorinated hydroxamic acid chelate. Simple mixing of the radiometal with the preformed aqueous nanoemulsion before use yields FERM, a stable in vivo cell tracer, enabling whole-body 89Zr PET and 19F MRI after a single intravenous injection. Results: The FERM nanoemulsion was intrinsically taken up by phagocytic immune cells, particularly macrophages, with high specificity. FERM stability was demonstrated by a high correlation between the 19F and 89Zr content in the blood (correlation coefficient > 0.99). Image sensitivity at a low dose (37 kBq) was observed in a rodent model of acute infection. The versatility of FERM was further demonstrated in models of inflammatory bowel disease and 4T1 tumor. Conclusion: Multimodal detection using FERM yields robust whole-body lesion detection and leverages the strengths of combined PET and 19F MRI. The FERM nanoemulsion has scalable production and is potentially useful for precise diagnosis, stratification, and treatment monitoring of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Benjamin I Leach
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Deanne Lister
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carl Hoh
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patrick McConville
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Invicro, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jing Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen Messer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
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24
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Makela AV, Gaudet JM, Schott MA, Sehl OC, Contag CH, Foster PJ. Magnetic Particle Imaging of Macrophages Associated with Cancer: Filling the Voids Left by Iron-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:958-968. [PMID: 31933022 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging molecular imaging technique that directly detects iron nanoparticles distributed in living subjects. Compared with imaging iron with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MPI signal can be measured to determine iron content in specific regions. In this paper, the detection of iron-labeled macrophages associated with cancer by MRI and MPI was compared. PROCEDURES Imaging was performed on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice 16-21 days post-cancer cell implantation, 24 h after intravenous injection of Ferucarbotran, a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) or Ferumoxytol, an ultra-small SPIO. Images of living mice were acquired on a 3T clinical MRI (General Electric, n = 6) or MPI (Magnetic Insight, n = 10) system. After imaging, tumors and lungs were removed, imaged by MPI and examined by histology. RESULTS MRI signal voids were observed within all tumors. In vivo, MPI signals were observed in the tumors of 4 of 5 mice after the administration of each contrast agent and in all excised tumors. Signal voids visualized by MRI were more apparent in tumors of mice injected with Ferumoxytol than those that received Ferucarbotran; this was consistent with iron content measured by MPI. Signal voids relating to macrophage uptake of iron were not detected in lungs by MRI, since air also appears hypointense. In vivo, MPI could not differentiate between iron in the lungs vs the high signal from iron in the liver. However, once the lungs were excised, MPI signal was detectable and quantifiable. Histologic examination confirmed iron within macrophages present in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS MPI provides quantitative information on in vivo iron labeling of macrophages that is not attainable with MRI. The optimal iron nanoparticle for MPI in general is still under investigation; however, for MPI imaging of macrophages labeled in vivo by intravenous administration, Ferumoxytol nanoparticles were superior to Ferucarbotran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Gaudet
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Magnetic Insight Inc, Alameda, CA, USA
| | - Melissa A Schott
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Olivia C Sehl
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher H Contag
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Van Tilbeurgh M, Lemdani K, Beignon AS, Chapon C, Tchitchek N, Cheraitia L, Marcos Lopez E, Pascal Q, Le Grand R, Maisonnasse P, Manet C. Predictive Markers of Immunogenicity and Efficacy for Human Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:579. [PMID: 34205932 PMCID: PMC8226531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the major advances of modern medicine. Despite the many successes of vaccination, continuous efforts to design new vaccines are needed to fight "old" pandemics, such as tuberculosis and malaria, as well as emerging pathogens, such as Zika virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination aims at reaching sterilizing immunity, however assessing vaccine efficacy is still challenging and underscores the need for a better understanding of immune protective responses. Identifying reliable predictive markers of immunogenicity can help to select and develop promising vaccine candidates during early preclinical studies and can lead to improved, personalized, vaccination strategies. A systems biology approach is increasingly being adopted to address these major challenges using multiple high-dimensional technologies combined with in silico models. Although the goal is to develop predictive models of vaccine efficacy in humans, applying this approach to animal models empowers basic and translational vaccine research. In this review, we provide an overview of vaccine immune signatures in preclinical models, as well as in target human populations. We also discuss high-throughput technologies used to probe vaccine-induced responses, along with data analysis and computational methodologies applied to the predictive modeling of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Katia Lemdani
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Unité de Recherche i3, Inserm UMR-S 959, Bâtiment CERVI, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Lina Cheraitia
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Ernesto Marcos Lopez
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Caroline Manet
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
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26
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Isolation and separation of murine tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) subpopulations from orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100481. [PMID: 33982015 PMCID: PMC8082159 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly heterogenous regarding their intratumoral localization, surface marker expression, and molecular properties. This protocol describes the complete procedure for isolation and digestion of murine breast cancer samples and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of TAMs from murine orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors. This includes steps to separate PoEMs (podoplanin-expressing macrophages) and non-PoEMs (podoplanin-negative macrophages). Our FACS separation approach could also be used for other tumor types with TAM infiltration. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bieniasz-Krzywiec et al. (2019).
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27
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Serkova NJ, Glunde K, Haney CR, Farhoud M, De Lille A, Redente EF, Simberg D, Westerly DC, Griffin L, Mason RP. Preclinical Applications of Multi-Platform Imaging in Animal Models of Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1189-1200. [PMID: 33262127 PMCID: PMC8026542 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, and the Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chad R Haney
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David C Westerly
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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28
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Helfer BM, Bulte JW. Cell Surveillance Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Tremblay ML, O’Brien-Moran Z, Rioux JA, Nuschke A, Davis C, Kast WM, Weir G, Stanford M, Brewer KD. Quantitative MRI cell tracking of immune cell recruitment to tumors and draining lymph nodes in response to anti-PD-1 and a DPX-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1851539. [PMID: 33299663 PMCID: PMC7714509 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1851539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DPX is a unique T cell activating formulation that generates robust immune responses (both clinically and preclinically) which can be tailored to various cancers via the use of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants. While DPX-based immunotherapies may act complementary with checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapy is not always easily predictable based on individual therapeutic responses. Optimizing these combinations can be improved by understanding the mechanism of action underlying the individual therapies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows tracking of cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), which can yield valuable information about the localization of crucial immune cell subsets. In this work, we evaluated the use of a multi-echo, single point MRI pulse sequence, TurboSPI, for tracking and quantifying cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and myeloid lineage cells (MLCs). In a subcutaneous cervical cancer model (C3) we compared untreated mice to mice treated with either a single therapy (anti-PD-1 or DPX-R9F) or a combination of both therapies. We were able to detect, using TurboSPI, significant increases in CTL recruitment dynamics in response to combination therapy. We also observed differences in MLC recruitment to therapy-draining (DPX-R9F) lymph nodes in response to treatment with DPX-R9F (alone or in combination with anti-PD-1). We demonstrated that the therapies presented herein induced time-varying changes in cell recruitment. This work establishes that these quantitative molecular MRI techniques can be expanded to study a number of cancer and immunotherapy combinations to improve our understanding of longitudinal immunological changes and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laurence Tremblay
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IMV Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zoe O’Brien-Moran
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - James A. Rioux
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Nuschke
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christa Davis
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Marianne Stanford
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IMV Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kimberly D. Brewer
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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30
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Wu L, Liu F, Liu S, Xu X, Liu Z, Sun X. Perfluorocarbons-Based 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7377-7395. [PMID: 33061385 PMCID: PMC7537992 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s255084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging is a promising noninvasive and quantitative molecular imaging approach with intensive research due to the high sensitivity and low endogenous background signal of the 19F atom in vivo. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been used as blood substitutes since 1970s. More recently, a variety of PFC nanoparticles have been designed for the detection and imaging of physiological and pathological changes. These molecular imaging probes have been developed to label cells, target specific epitopes in tumors, monitor the prognosis and therapy efficacy and quantitate characterization of tumors and changes in tumor microenvironment noninvasively, therefore, significantly improving the prognosis and therapy efficacy. Herein, we discuss the recent development and applications of 19F MR techniques with PFC nanoparticles in biomedicine, with particular emphasis on ligand-targeted and quantitative 19F MR imaging approaches for tumor detection, oxygenation measurement, smart stimulus response and therapy efficacy monitoring, et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuan Xu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxi Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
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31
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Xu T, Xu X, Yang L, Chen X, Ju S. Noninvasive Visualization of Obesity-Boosted Inflammation in Orthotopic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using an Octapod Iron Oxide Nanoparticle. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6408-6418. [PMID: 35021772 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and promote the progression of tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Obesity is a metabolic disease and a significant factor that affects tumor immunity and immunotherapy, contributing to a poorer tumor prognosis. However, TAMs as the link between obesity and poorer tumor prognosis has been less addressed and remains unclear. The current study aimed to noninvasively determine the effect of obesity on TAMs in orthotopic PDAC animal models, leptin-deficient transgenic obese (ob/ob) mice. Iron oxide nanoparticles, Octapod-30, with ultra high r2 values, were utilized for in vivo consecutive T2-weighted MR imaging. After Octapod-30 injection, the T2-weighted signal intensity of the tumor area of both lean wild-type (WT) and ob/ob mice decreased rapidly, and the signal intensity significantly decreased as early as 0.5 h after injection compared with preinjection. The signal intensity continually decreased until 2 h and sustained for 4 h. In addition, the quantified signal intensity in obese ob/ob mice bearing PDAC significantly decreased compared with that in lean WT mice. Further histopathological analysis demonstrated that CD68-marked TAMs were highly colocalized with Prussian blue-stained Octapod-30, which were significantly more infiltrated in the tumor tissue of ob/ob mice than in the WT group, in parallel with larger size of tumor, higher levels of Ki67-marked proliferation and CD31-marked angiogenesis. Our results suggested that obesity increased TAMs infiltration and Octopad-30 can rapidly noninvasively detect TAMs in vivo in orthotopic PDAC with high spatial resolution and temporal resolution. Furthermore, the application of ultra high r2 octagonal iron oxide nanoparticles with powerful clinical conversion potential could allow noninvasive and efficient quantitative analysis of TAMs in PDAC with or without obesity, providing a promising inspection approach for early detection, treatment management, and efficacy evaluation of tumors for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijiao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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32
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Li Y, Wu H, Ji B, Qian W, Xia S, Wang L, Xu Y, Chen J, Yang L, Mao H. Targeted Imaging of CD206 Expressing Tumor-Associated M2-like Macrophages Using Mannose-Conjugated Antibiofouling Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4335-4347. [PMID: 34841220 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote cancer progression, their roles in tumor development and resistance to therapy remain to be fully understood, mainly because of the lack of a good approach to evaluate the dynamic changes of heterogeneous macrophages in their residing microenvironment. Here, we report an approach of using antibiofouling PEG-b-AGE polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for targeted imaging of mannose receptor (CD206)-expressing M2-like TAMs. Antibiofouling polymer coatings block non-specific phagocytosis of IONPs by different cells but enable ligand-mediated CD206+ M2-like macrophage targeting after surface functionalizing with mannose (Man-IONP). Costaining tissue sections of the 4T1 mouse mammary tumors using an anti-CD206 antibody and fluorescent dye (TRITC)-labeled Man-IONP showed 94.7 ± 4.5% colocalization of TRITC-Man-IONPs with the anti-CD206 antibody. At 48 h after intravenous (i.v.) injection of Man-IONPs, magnetic resonance imaging of mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 mammary tumors showed a significantly larger IONP-induced decrease of the transverse relaxation time (T 2) in tumors with 29.4 ± 1.5 ms compared to 12.3 ± 3.6 ms in tumors that received non-targeted IONP probes (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence-stained tumor tissue sections collected at 6, 18, and 24 h after i.v. administration of the nanoprobes revealed that Man-IONPs specifically targeted CD206+ M2-like macrophages in various tumor areas at all time points, while nonconjugated IONPs were absent in the tumor after 18 h. Thus, antibiofouling Man-IONPs demonstrated the capability of explicitly imaging CD206+ M2-like macrophages in vivo and potentials for investigating the dynamics of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and delivering therapeutics targeting M2-like TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Weiping Qian
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States; Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
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Fu S, Cai Z, Liu L, Yang L, Jin R, Lu Z, Ai H. Controlled aggregation of amphiphilic aggregation‐induced emission polycation and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging probes. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Radiology, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
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Eftimie R. Investigation into the role of macrophages heterogeneity on solid tumour aggregations. Math Biosci 2020; 322:108325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kumar S, Ramesh A, Kulkarni A. Targeting macrophages: a novel avenue for cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:561-574. [PMID: 32141351 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1733525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) make up a significant portion of the tumor microenvironment. Emerging clinical evidence indicate that cytokines present in the tumor microenvironment influence TAMs to play an immunosuppressive role by acquiring a pro-tumoral phenotype. However, TAMs are inherently plastic cells that can be phenotypically reprogrammed to elicit an anti-tumoral response. Therapeutic strategies that focus on targeting TAMs have opened new avenues for drug discoveries.Areas covered: This review discusses recent developments in TAM targeted immunotherapy in both preclinical and clinical settings. This article highlights the potential signaling pathways that can be targeted for macrophage reprogramming and discusses the progress of current clinical trials involved in TAMs targeting. Novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies involved in macrophage-based cancer therapeutics and diagnostics are also discussed.Expert opinion: TAM targeted therapies have limited success in clinics due to reasons such as insufficient inhibition of signaling pathways, lower drug accumulation in the tumor, activation of feedback signaling pathways that induce resistance to monotherapies and systemic dose-related toxicities. Nanoparticle-based delivery platforms could overcome these challenges since they enable encapsulation of multiple drugs that target different signaling pathways and enhance intratumoral delivery and can enable delivery of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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In vivo assessment of tumour associated macrophages in murine melanoma obtained by low-field relaxometry in the presence of iron oxide particles. Biomaterials 2020; 236:119805. [PMID: 32028168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) are forced by cancer cells to adopt an anti-inflammatory phenotype and secrete factors to promote tumour invasion thus being responsible for poor patient outcome. The aim of this study is to develop a clinically applicable, non-invasive method to obtain a quantitative TAM detection in tumour tissue. The method is based on longitudinal proton relaxation rate (R1) measurements at low field (0.01-1 MHz) to assess the localization of ferumoxytol (clinical approved iron oxide particles) in TAM present in melanoma tumours, where R1 = 1/T1. R1 at low magnetic fields appears highly dependent on the intra or extra cellular localization of the nanoparticles thus allowing an unambiguous TAM quantification. R1 profiles were acquired on a Fast Field-Cycling relaxometer equipped with a 40 mm wide bore magnet and an 11 mm solenoid detection coil placed around the anatomical region of interest. The R1 values measured 3 h and 24 h after the injection were significantly different. At 24 h R1 exhibited a behavior similar to "in vitro" ferumoxytol-labelled J774A.1 macrophages whereas at 3 h, when the ferumoxytol distribution was extracellular, R1 exhibited higher values similar to that of free ferumoxytol in solution. This finding clearly indicated the intracellular localization of ferumoxytol at 24 h, as confirmed by histological analysis (Pearls and CD68 assays). This information could be hardly achievable from measurements at a single magnetic field and opens new horizons for cell tracking applications using FFC-MRI.
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Mukherjee S, Sonanini D, Maurer A, Daldrup-Link HE. The yin and yang of imaging tumor associated macrophages with PET and MRI. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7730-7748. [PMID: 31695797 PMCID: PMC6831464 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are key players in the cancer microenvironment. Molecular imaging modalities such as MRI and PET can be used to track and monitor TAM dynamics in tumors non-invasively, based on specific uptake and quantification of MRI-detectable nanoparticles or PET-detectable radiotracers. Particular molecular signatures can be leveraged to target anti-inflammatory TAM, which support tumor growth, and pro-inflammatory TAM, which suppress tumor growth. In addition, TAM-directed imaging probes can be designed to include immune modulating properties, thereby leading to combined diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) effects. In this review, we will discuss the complementary role of TAM-directed radiotracers and iron oxide nanoparticles for monitoring cancer immunotherapies with PET and MRI technologies. In addition, we will outline how TAM-directed imaging and therapy is interdependent and can be connected towards improved clinical outcomes
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Benner B, Scarberry L, Stiff A, Duggan MC, Good L, Lapurga G, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S, Carson WE. Evidence for interaction of the NLRP3 inflammasome and Bruton's tyrosine kinase in tumor-associated macrophages: implications for myeloid cell production of interleukin-1beta. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1659704. [PMID: 31646085 PMCID: PMC6791459 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1659704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to play an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumors. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex of the innate immune system that is responsible for the production of the potent inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Tumor- associated macrophages (TAM) are an expanded population of immune cells found in the tumor microenvironment that can promote the initiation and metastasis of tumor cells. Their presence has been correlated with disease burden, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this population. However, to date clinically relevant pharmacologic strategies to target TAM remain elusive. Here, we show that in vitro generated TAM harbor NLRP3 inflammasome components and produce IL-1β. Ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), is in clinical use for the treatment of B- cell malignancies. We report that BTK is expressed by human in vitro generated TAM and murine macrophages and that it physically associates with the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, ibrutinib is able to inhibit BTK phosphorylation in TAM generated in vitro. Treatment of TAM with ibrutinib significantly impaired the ability of these cells to produce IL-1β. The present study provides evidence that BTK physically associates with the NLRP3 inflammasome and that inhibition of BTK with ibrutinib can impair the production of IL-1β by in vitro generated TAM. Thus, ibrutinib could potentially be of clinical use in abrogating inflammation-associated cancer progression and the immune-suppressive effects of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Benner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luke Scarberry
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Stiff
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan C. Duggan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Logan Good
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriella Lapurga
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - William E. Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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SoRelle ED, Yecies DW, Liba O, Bennett FC, Graef CM, Dutta R, Mitra S, Joubert LM, Cheshier S, Grant GA, de la Zerda A. Spatiotemporal Tracking of Brain-Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Vivo through Optical Coherence Tomography with Plasmonic Labeling and Speckle Modulation. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7985-7995. [PMID: 31259527 PMCID: PMC8144904 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
By their nature, tumors pose a set of profound challenges to the immune system with respect to cellular recognition and response coordination. Recent research indicates that leukocyte subpopulations, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), can exert substantial influence on the efficacy of various cancer immunotherapy treatment strategies. To better study and understand the roles of TAMs in determining immunotherapeutic outcomes, significant technical challenges associated with dynamically monitoring single cells of interest in relevant live animal models of solid tumors must be overcome. However, imaging techniques with the requisite combination of spatiotemporal resolution, cell-specific contrast, and sufficient signal-to-noise at increasing depths in tissue are exceedingly limited. Here we describe a method to enable high-resolution, wide-field, longitudinal imaging of TAMs based on speckle-modulating optical coherence tomography (SM-OCT) and spectral scattering from an optimized contrast agent. The approach's improvements to OCT detection sensitivity and noise reduction enabled high-resolution OCT-based observation of individual cells of a specific host lineage in live animals. We found that large gold nanorods (LGNRs) that exhibit a narrow-band, enhanced scattering cross-section can selectively label TAMs and activate microglia in an in vivo orthotopic murine model of glioblastoma multiforme. We demonstrated near real-time tracking of the migration of cells within these myeloid subpopulations. The intrinsic spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and contrast sensitivity reported herein may facilitate detailed studies of the fundamental behaviors of TAMs and other leukocytes at the single-cell level in vivo, including intratumoral distribution heterogeneity and roles in modulating cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Daniel SoRelle
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derek William Yecies
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Orly Liba
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Claus Moritz Graef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Dutta
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lydia-Marie Joubert
- Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Fluorinated MRI contrast agents and their versatile applications in the biomedical field. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1157-1175. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has been recognized as one of the most applied medical imaging techniques in clinical practice. However, the presence of background signal coming from water protons in surrounding tissues makes sometimes the visualization of local contrast agents difficult. To remedy this, fluorine has been introduced as a reliable perspective, thanks to its magnetic properties being relatively close to those of protons. In this review, we aim to give an overall description of fluorine incorporation in contrast agents for MRI. The different kinds of fluorinated probes such as perfluorocarbons, fluorinated dendrimers, polymers and paramagnetic probes will be described, as will their imaging applications such as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging, physico-chemical changes detection, drug delivery, cell tracking and inflammation or tumors detection.
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41
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Optimizing Advances in Nanoparticle Delivery for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:3-15. [PMID: 31330165 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is one of the fastest growing and most promising fields in clinical oncology. T-cell checkpoint inhibitors are revolutionizing the management of advanced cancers including non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. Unfortunately, many common cancers are not responsive to these drugs and resistance remains problematic. A growing number of novel cancer immunotherapies have been discovered but their clinical translation has been limited by shortcomings of conventional drug delivery. Immune signaling is tightly-regulated and often requires simultaneous or near-simultaneous activation of multiple signals in specific subpopulations of immune cells. Nucleic acid therapies, which require intact intracellular delivery, are among the most promising approaches to modulate the tumor microenvironment to a pro-immunogenic phenotype. Advanced nanomedicines can be precisely engineered to overcome many of these limitations and appear well-poised to enable the clinical translation of promising cancer immunotherapies.
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Herynek V, Martinisková M, Bobrova Y, Gálisová A, Kotek J, Hermann P, Koucký F, Jirák D, Hájek M. Low-molecular-weight paramagnetic 19F contrast agents for fluorine magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:115-122. [PMID: 30498883 PMCID: PMC6514088 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective 19F MRI requires biocompatible and non-toxic soluble contrast agents with high fluorine content and with suitable 19F relaxation times. Probes based on a DOTP chelate with 12 magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (DOTP-tfe) and a lanthanide(III) ion shortening the relaxation times were prepared and tested. Methods Complexes of DOTP-tfe with trivalent paramagnetic Ce, Dy, Ho, Tm, and Yb ions were synthetized and characterized. 19F relaxation times were determined and compared to those of the La complex and of the empty ligand. In vitro and in vivo 19F MRI was performed at 4.7 T. Results 19F relaxation times strongly depended on the chelated lanthanide(III) ion. T1 ranged from 6.5 to 287 ms, T2 from 3.9 to 124.4 ms, and T2* from 1.1 to 3.1 ms. All complexes in combination with optimized sequences provided sufficient signal in vitro under conditions mimicking experiments in vivo (concentrations 1.25 mM, 15-min scanning time). As a proof of concept, two contrast agents were injected into the rat muscle; 19F MRI in vivo confirmed the in vivo applicability of the probe. Conclusion DOTP-based 19F probes showed suitable properties for in vitro and in vivo visualization and biological applications. The lanthanide(III) ions enabled us to shorten the relaxation times and to trim the probes according to the actual needs. Similar to the clinically approved Gd3+ chelates, this customized probe design ensures consistent biochemical properties and similar safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Herynek
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague, Czech Republic.
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Martinisková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yulia Bobrova
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Gálisová
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hájek
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
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Preclinical 19F MRI cell tracking at 3 Tesla. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:123-132. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chapelin F, Capitini CM, Ahrens ET. Fluorine-19 MRI for detection and quantification of immune cell therapy for cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:105. [PMID: 30305175 PMCID: PMC6180584 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, immune cell therapy has emerged as a potent treatment for multiple cancers, first through groundbreaking leukemia therapy, and more recently, by tackling solid tumors. Developing successful therapeutic strategies using live cells could benefit from the ability to rapidly determine their in vivo biodistribution and persistence. Assaying cell biodistribution is unconventional compared to traditional small molecule drug pharmacokinetic readouts used in the pharmaceutical pipeline, yet this information is critical towards understanding putative therapeutic outcomes and modes of action. Towards this goal, efforts are underway to visualize and quantify immune cell therapy in vivo using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Cell labeling probes based on perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions, paired with fluorine-19 MRI detection, enables background-free quantification of cell localization and survival. Here, we highlight recent preclinical and clinical uses of perfluorocarbon probes and 19F MRI for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) studies employing experimental T lymphocytes, NK, PBMC, and dendritic cell therapies. We assess the forward looking potential of this emerging imaging technology to aid discovery and preclinical phases, as well as clinical trials. The limitations and barriers towards widespread adoption of this technology, as well as alternative imaging strategies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chapelin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California of San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0695, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, USA.
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Dubreil C, Sainte Catherine O, Lalatonne Y, Journé C, Ou P, van Endert P, Motte L. Tolerogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Type 1 Diabetes: Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics Studies in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802053. [PMID: 30184337 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) administration is among the most attractive approaches to exploit the synergy of different copackaged molecules for the same target. In this work, iron oxide NPs are surface-engineered for the copackaging of the autoantigen proinsulin, a major target of adaptive immunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methylester (ITE), a small drug conditioning a tolerogenic environment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with magnetic quantification are used to investigate NP biokinetics in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and control mice in different organs. Different NP biodistribution, with in particular enhanced kidney elimination and a stronger accumulation in the pancreas for prediabetic NOD mice, is observed. This is related to preferential NP accumulation in the pancreatic inflammatory zone and to enhancement of renal elimination by diabetic nephropathy. For both mouse strains, an MRI T2 contrast enhancement at 72 h in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys, and indicating recirculating NPs, is also found. This unexpected result is confirmed by magnetic quantification at different time points as well as by histological evaluation. Besides, such NPs are potential MRI contrast agents for early diagnosis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Dubreil
- Inserm, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine, CNRS, UMR 8253, 75015, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Odile Sainte Catherine
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017, Bobigny, France
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-93009, Bobigny, France
| | - Clément Journé
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Plateforme de Recherche FRIM, Université Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CHU X Bichat, 46 rue H. Huchard, F-75877, Paris, France
| | - Phalla Ou
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Plateforme de Recherche FRIM, Université Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CHU X Bichat, 46 rue H. Huchard, F-75877, Paris, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Inserm, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine, CNRS, UMR 8253, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017, Bobigny, France
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Combes F, Mc Cafferty S, Meyer E, Sanders NN. Off-Target and Tumor-Specific Accumulation of Monocytes, Macrophages and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells after Systemic Injection. Neoplasia 2018; 20:848-856. [PMID: 30025228 PMCID: PMC6076377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors frequently coexist with a degree of local chronic inflammation. Recruited myeloid cells can therefore be considered as interesting vehicles for tumor-targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Using in vivo imaging, the short-term accumulation of systemically injected monocytes, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was compared in mice bearing fat pad mammary carcinomas. Monocytes and macrophages demonstrated almost identical in vivo and ex vivo distribution patterns with maximal tumor-associated accumulation seen 48 hours after injection that remained stable over the 4-day follow-up period. However, a substantial accumulation of both cell types was also seen in the liver, spleen and lungs albeit decreasing over time in all three locations. The MDSCs exhibited a similar distribution pattern as the monocytes and macrophages, but demonstrated a better relative on-target fraction over time. Overall, our findings highlight off-target cell accumulation as a major obstacle in the use of myeloid cells as vehicles for therapeutic tumor-targeted agents and indicate that their short-term on-target accumulation is mainly of nonspecific nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Combes
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Séan Mc Cafferty
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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Shin SH, Park SH, Kim SW, Kim M, Kim D. Fluorine MR Imaging Monitoring of Tumor Inflammation after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation. Radiology 2018; 287:476-484. [PMID: 29369752 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017171603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-induced macrophage infiltration could be longitudinally monitored with fluorine 19 (19F) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a quantitative manner. Materials and Methods BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 4T1 cells and were separated into three groups: untreated mice (control, n = 9), HIFU-treated mice (HIFU, n = 9), and HIFU- and clodronate-treated mice (HIFU+Clod, n = 9). Immediately after HIFU treatment, all mice were intravenously given perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion. MR imaging examinations were performed 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days after HIFU treatment. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in 19F signal over time and differences between groups. Histologic examinations were performed to confirm in vivo data. Results Fluorine 19 signals were detected at the rims of tumors and the peripheries of ablated lesions. Mean 19F signal in tumors was significantly higher in HIFU-treated mice than in control mice up to day 4 (0.82 ± 0.26 vs 0.42 ± 0.17, P < .001). Fluorine 19 signals were higher in the HIFU+Clod group than in the control group from day 4 (0.82 ± 0.23, P < .001) to day 14 (0.55 ± 0.16 vs 0.28 ± 0.06, P < .05). Histologic examination revealed macrophage infiltration around ablated lesions. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed PFC labeling of macrophages. Conclusion Fluorine 19 MR imaging can longitudinally capture and quantify HIFU-induced macrophage infiltration in preclinical tumor models. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Shin
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Research Building, Ilsanro-323, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Research Building, Ilsanro-323, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Research Building, Ilsanro-323, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Research Building, Ilsanro-323, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Daehong Kim
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Research Building, Ilsanro-323, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea
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Makela AV, Foster PJ. Imaging macrophage distribution and density in mammary tumors and lung metastases using fluorine-19 MRI cell tracking. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1138-1147. [PMID: 29327789 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Yang R, Sarkar S, Yong VW, Dunn JF. In Vivo MR Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: The Next Frontier in Cancer Imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2018; 11:1178623X18771974. [PMID: 29780249 PMCID: PMC5954307 DOI: 10.1177/1178623x18771974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a complex interaction between cancer and the immune system. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be subverted by the cancer to adopt a pro-tumor phenotype to aid tumor growth. These anti-inflammatory, pro-tumor TAMs have been shown to contribute to a worsened outcome in several different types of cancer. Various strategies aimed at combating the pro-tumor TAMs have been developed. Several therapies, such as oncolytic viral therapy and high-intensity focused ultrasound, have been shown to stimulate TAMs and suppress tumor growth. Targeting TAMs is a promising way to combat cancer, but sensitive imaging methods that are capable of detecting these therapeutic responses are needed. A promising idea is to use imaging contrast agents to label TAMs to determine their relative number and location within, and around the tumor. This can provide information about the efficacy of TAM depletion therapies, as well as macrophage-stimulating therapies. In this review, we describe various in vivo MRI methods capable of tracking TAMs, and conclude with a short section on tracking TAMs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Yang
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff F Dunn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Jeff F Dunn, Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, N.W. Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Tumor Metabolism. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:4896310. [PMID: 29362559 PMCID: PMC5736905 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4896310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is significantly associated with poor prognosis of tumors. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging- (MRI-) based TAM imaging methods that use nanoparticles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions are available for quantitative monitoring of TAM burden in tumors. However, whether MRI-based measurements of TAMs can be used as prognostic markers has not been evaluated yet. In this study, we used positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) as a radioactive tracer and fluorine-19- (19F-) MRI for imaging mouse breast cancer models to determine any association between TAM infiltration and tumor metabolism. Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions were intravenously administered to track and quantify TAM infiltration using a 7T MR scanner. To analyze glucose uptake in tumors, 18F-FDG-PET images were acquired immediately after 19F-MRI. Coregistered 18F-FDG-PET and 19F-MR images enabled comparison of spatial patterns of glucose uptake and TAM distribution in tumors. 19F-MR signal intensities from tumors exhibited a strong inverse correlation with 18F-FDG uptake while having a significant positive correlation with tumor growth from days 2 to 7. These results show that combination of 19F-MRI and 18F-FDG-PET can improve our understanding of the relationship between TAM and tumor microenvironment.
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