1
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Mili M, Bachu V, Kuri PR, Singh NK, Goswami P. Improving synthesis and binding affinities of nucleic acid aptamers and their therapeutics and diagnostic applications. Biophys Chem 2024; 309:107218. [PMID: 38547671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers have captivated the attention of analytical and medicinal scientists globally due to their several advantages as recognition molecules over conventional antibodies because of their small size, simple and inexpensive synthesis, broad target range, and high stability in varied environmental conditions. These recognition molecules can be chemically modified to make them resistant to nuclease action in blood serum, reduce rapid renel clearance, improve the target affinity and selectivity, and make them amenable to chemically conjugate with a support system that facilitates their selective applications. This review focuses on the development of efficient aptamer candidates and their application in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Significant advances have been made in aptamer-based diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Collaterally, the progress made in therapeutic applications of aptamers is encouraging, as evident from their use in diagnosing cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infection, and in imaging. This review also updates the progress on clinical trials of many aptamer-based products of commercial interests. The key development and critical issues on the subject have been summarized in the concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaya Mili
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vinay Bachu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pooja Rani Kuri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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2
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Brunet Cabré M, Okumu F, McKelvey K. Electrochemical Detection of Tenofovir through Quenching of Chloride Ion-Mediated Gold Electrodissolution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4314-4320. [PMID: 38353065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TNF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used as an antiviral medication to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus infections. The extensive use of TNF can result in its release into the environment, and there is growing interest in developing simple and cost-effective methods for detecting TNF. We report that the electrochemical dissolution of gold in a chloride ion-containing electrolyte is suppressed in the presence of TNF. The quenching of the gold electrodissolution response is the result of the adsorption of TNF onto the gold surface. A simple analysis shows that we can relate the degree of TNF surface coverage to the relative size of the quenching of the gold electrodissolution response and follow the time-dependent absorption of TNF onto the gold electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brunet Cabré
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN4, Ireland
| | - Fredrick Okumu
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 201, Bondo 40601, Kenya
| | - Kim McKelvey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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3
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Draz MU, Zia Ul Haq M, Hayat A, Ajab H. An ALP enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor coated with signal-amplifying BaTiO 3 nanoparticles for the detection of an antiviral drug in human blood serum. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:534-547. [PMID: 38235091 PMCID: PMC10790964 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00839h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV) is an antiviral drug used to treat the co-infections of HIV/HBV viruses. Accurate monitoring of TFV drug levels is essential for evaluating patient adherence, optimizing dosage, and assessing treatment efficacy. Herein, we propose an innovative electrochemical sensing approach by using the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme with the support of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. An attractive sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor towards TFV detection were achieved. First, the nanoparticles were synthesized by following a single-step sol-gel method and characterized through various analytical techniques, including SEM, EDX, FT-IR, BET, zeta potential, XRD, and UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy. The suggested mechanism demonstrated the formation of a strong bond between TFV and the ALP enzyme, primarily through the phosphate group, resulting in enzyme inhibition. Various parameters like nanoparticle amount, electrode modification time with enzyme and BaTiO3 nanoparticles, and drug incubation time were optimized. The biosensor demonstrated an outstanding limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 nM and recovery percentages of 98.6-106% in human blood serum, indicating adequate repeatability and selectivity. The proposed biosensor can be converted into a portable device for measuring small sample volumes and observing patients for immediate medical care or personalized therapies. It achieved better sensitivity compared to existing methods, making it suitable for precise drug detection in microdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Draz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad Lahore Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Huma Ajab
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
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4
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Zhong Y, Wu J, Pan X, Liu B, Wang L. Aptamer-functionalized polydiacetylene biosensor for the detection of three foodborne pathogens. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:199-211. [PMID: 37856010 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, simple and sensitive screening of foodborne pathogens is of great significance to ensure food safety. In this study, an aptamer-functionalized polydiacetylene (Apta-PDA) biosensor was developed for the detection of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium or V. parahaemolyticus. First, aptamers responding to the target bacteria were modified on the surface of magnetic beads by covalent binding to form MBs-oligonucleotide conjugates for bacterial enrichment. Then, an Apta-PDA biosensor was obtained by connecting the aptamers to the PDA nanovesicles using the carbodiimide method. Molecular recognition occurred in the presence of the target bacteria, whereby the aptamer folded into a sequence-defined unique structure, resulting in an MBs-Apta/bacteria/Apta-PDA sandwich structure. Due to the optical properties of PDA, the blue-red transition of the detection system could be observed by the naked eye and quantified by the colorimetric response percentage (CR%). Under optimized conditions, the detection limits of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium and V. parahaemolyticus were 39, 60 and 60 CFU/ml, respectively, with a selectivity of 100% and a reaction time of 30 min. Compared with the gold standard method, the accuracy of the three target bacteria detection reached 98%, 97.5% and 97%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were both greater than 90%. The entire detection process was rapid and easy to execute without any special equipment, making this technology particularly suitable for resource-poor laboratories or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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5
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Diacci C, Burtscher B, Berto M, Ruoko TP, Lienemann S, Greco P, Berggren M, Borsari M, Simon DT, Bortolotti CA, Biscarini F. Organic Electrochemical Transistor Aptasensor for Interleukin-6 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38141020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) biosensor for the detection of interleukin 6 (IL6), an important biomarker associated with various pathological processes, including chronic inflammation, inflammaging, cancer, and severe COVID-19 infection. The biosensor is functionalized with oligonucleotide aptamers engineered to bind specifically IL6. We developed an easy functionalization strategy based on gold nanoparticles deposited onto a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) gate electrode for the subsequent electrodeposition of thiolated aptamers. During this functionalization step, the reduction of sulfide bonds allows for simultaneous deposition of a blocking agent. A detection range from picomolar to nanomolar concentrations for IL6 was achieved, and the selectivity of the device was assessed against Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), another cytokine involved in the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marcello Berto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Lienemann
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Fossato di Mortara 17-193, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Borsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Fossato di Mortara 17-193, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Lafi Z, Gharaibeh L, Nsairat H, Asha N, Alshaer W. Aptasensors: employing molecular probes for precise medical diagnostics and drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1439-1460. [PMID: 37847048 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection and monitoring of therapeutic drug levels are vital for effective patient care and treatment management. Aptamers, composed of single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, are integral components of biosensors designed for both qualitative and quantitative detection of biological samples. Aptasensors play crucial roles in target identification, validation, detection of drug-target interactions and screening potential of drug candidates. This review focuses on the pivotal role of aptasensors in early disease detection, particularly in identifying biomarkers associated with various diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Aptasensors have demonstrated exceptional potential in enhancing disease diagnostics and monitoring therapeutic drug levels. Aptamer-based biosensors represent a transformative technology in the field of healthcare, enabling precise diagnostics, drug monitoring and disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Asha
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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7
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An J, Park H, Kim J, Park H, Kim TH, Park C, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee T. Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Consisted of a CD9 Aptamer and MXene for Exosome Detection in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3174-3186. [PMID: 37585601 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progresses silently to the terminal stage of the impossible operable condition. There are many limitations in the treatment options of cancer, but diagnosis in an early stage can improve survival rates and low recurrence. Exosomes are the biomolecules released from cancer cells and are promising candidates for clinical diagnosis. Among them, the cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) protein is an important exosomal biomarker that can be used for exosome determination. Therefore, here, a CD9 aptamer was first synthesized and applied to an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET)-type biosensor containing a disposable sensing membrane to suggest the possibility of detecting exosomes in a clinical environment. Systematically evaluating ligands using the exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique was performed to select nucleic acid sequences that can specifically target the CD9 protein. Exosomes were detected according to the electrical signal changes on a membrane, which is an extended gate using an Au microelectrode. The fabricated biosensor showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.64 pM for CD9 proteins, and the detection range was determined from 10 pM to 1 μM in the buffer. In the case of the clinical test, the LOD and detection ranges of exosomes in human serum samples were 6.41 × 102 exosomes/mL and 1 × 103 to 1 × 107 exosomes/mL, respectively, showing highly reliable results with low error rates. These findings suggest that the proposed aptasensor can be a powerful tool for a simple and early diagnosis of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyun An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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8
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Purwidyantri A, Azinheiro S, García Roldán A, Jaegerova T, Vilaça A, Machado R, Cerqueira MF, Borme J, Domingues T, Martins M, Alpuim P, Prado M. Integrated Approach from Sample-to-Answer for Grapevine Varietal Identification on a Portable Graphene Sensor Chip. ACS Sens 2023; 8:640-654. [PMID: 36657739 PMCID: PMC9973367 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying grape varieties in wine, related products, and raw materials is of great interest for enology and to ensure its authenticity. However, these matrices' complexity and low DNA content make this analysis particularly challenging. Integrating DNA analysis with 2D materials, such as graphene, offers an advantageous pathway toward ultrasensitive DNA detection. Here, we show that monolayer graphene provides an optimal test bed for nucleic acid detection with single-base resolution. Graphene's ultrathinness creates a large surface area with quantum confinement in the perpendicular direction that, upon functionalization, provides multiple sites for DNA immobilization and efficient detection. Its highly conjugated electronic structure, high carrier mobility, zero-energy band gap with the associated gating effect, and chemical inertness explain graphene's superior performance. For the first time, we present a DNA-based analytic tool for grapevine varietal discrimination using an integrated portable biosensor based on a monolayer graphene field-effect transistor array. The system comprises a wafer-scale fabricated graphene chip operated under liquid gating and connected to a miniaturized electronic readout. The platform can distinguish closely related grapevine varieties, thanks to specific DNA probes immobilized on the sensor, demonstrating high specificity even for discriminating single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which is hard to achieve with a classical end-point polymerase chain reaction or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensor was operated in ultralow DNA concentrations, with a dynamic range of 1 aM to 0.1 nM and an attomolar detection limit of ∼0.19 aM. The reported biosensor provides a promising way toward developing decentralized analytical tools for tracking wine authenticity at different points of the food value chain, enabling data transmission and contributing to the digitalization of the agro-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Purwidyantri
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary
Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus of Lugo, Lugo27002, Spain
| | - Aitor García Roldán
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary
Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus of Lugo, Lugo27002, Spain
| | - Tereza Jaegerova
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Prague166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Vilaça
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Rofer Machado
- Centre
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima Cerqueira
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Borme
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Telma Domingues
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marco Martins
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alpuim
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
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Froehlich CE, He J, Haynes CL. Investigation of Charged Small Molecule-Aptamer Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2639-2644. [PMID: 36704862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the interactions between small, charged molecules and aptamers using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is limited by the inherent low response of small molecules and difficulties with nonspecific electrostatic interactions between the aptamer, analyte, and sensor surface. However, aptamers are increasingly being used in sensors for small molecule detection in critical areas like healthcare and environmental safety. The ability to probe these interactions through simple, direct SPR assays would be greatly beneficial and allow for the development of improved sensors without the need for complicated signal enhancement. However, these assays are nearly nonexistent in the current literature and are instead surpassed by sandwich or competitive binding techniques, which require additional sample preparation and reagents. In this work, we develop a method to characterize the interaction between the charged small molecule serotonin (176 Da) and an aptamer with SPR using streptavidin-biotin capture and a high-ionic-strength buffer. Additionally, other methods, such as serotonin immobilization and thiol-coupling of the aptamer, were investigated for comparison. These techniques give insight into working with small molecules and allow for quickly adapting a binding affinity assay into a direct SPR sensor.
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10
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Mehmandoust M, Soylak M, Erk N. Innovative molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the nanomolar detection of Tenofovir as an anti-HIV drug. Talanta 2023; 253:123991. [PMID: 36228557 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TNF) is an antiviral medicine that is utilized to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, its level must be controlled in the human body and environment at the risk of causing kidney and liver problems. Therefore, determining TNF concentration in real samples with more advanced, inexpensive, and accurate sensing systems is essential. In this work, a novel electrochemical nanosensor for TNF determination based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on the screen-printed electrode modified with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite carbon nitride, and platinum nanoparticles (MIP-Pt@g-C3N4/F-MWCNT/SPE) was constructed through the electro-polymerization approach. The molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared on the electrode surface with TNF as the template molecule and 2-aminophenol (2-AP) as the functional monomer. Moreover, factors that affect sensor response were optimized. Pt@g-C3N4/F-MWCNT nanocomposite had an excellent synergistic effect on MIP, allowing rapid and specific identification of the test substance. The results demonstrated that the electro-polymerization of 2-AP supplies large amounts of functional groups for the binding of the template molecules, which remarkably enhances the sensitivity and specific surface area of the MIP sensor. This surface enlargement increased the analyte accessibility to imprinted molecular cavities. Under optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current had a linear relationship with TNF concentration ranging from 0.005 to 0.69 μM with a low detection limit of 0.0030 μM (S/N = 3). The results demonstrated that the designed MIP sensor possesses acceptable sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility toward TNF determination. Moreover, the developed sensor was applied to biological and water samples to determine TNF, and satisfactory recovery results of 95.6-104.8% were obtained (RSD less than 10.0%). We confirm that combining as-synthesized nanocomposite Pt@g-C3N4/F-MWCNT with MIP improves the limitations of MIP-based nanosensors. The proposed electrode is also compatible with portable potentiostats, allowing on-site measurements and showing tremendous promise as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehmandoust
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Erk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Chen S, Liu TL, Dong Y, Li J. A Wireless, Regeneratable Cocaine Sensing Scheme Enabled by Allosteric Regulation of pH Sensitive Aptamers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20922-20936. [PMID: 36468646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for achieving continuous biosensing with existing technologies is the poor reusability of the biorecognition interface due to the difficulty in the dissociation of analytes from the bioreceptors upon surface saturation. In this work, we introduce a regeneratable biosensing scheme enabled by allosteric regulation of a re-engineered pH sensitive anti-cocaine aptamer. The aptamer can regain its affinity with target analytes due to proton-promoted duplex-to-triplex transition in DNA configuration followed by the release of adsorbed analytes. A Pd/PdHx electrode placed next to the sensor can enable the pH regulation of the local chemical environment via electrochemical reactions. Demonstration of a "flower-shaped", stretchable, and inductively coupled electronic system with sensing and energy harvesting capabilities provides a promising route to designing wireless devices in biointegrated forms. These advances have the potential for future development of electronic sensing platforms with on-chip regeneration capability for continuous, quantitative, and real-time monitoring of chemical and biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Tzu-Li Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
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12
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Facile One-Step Synthesis of Nickel Sulphide Nanoparticles Decorated Poly (Acrylic Acid) Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for Detection of Tenofovir in Human Urine. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Tang T, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Recent Progress on Highly Selective and Sensitive Electrochemical Aptamer-based Sensors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022; 38:866-878. [PMID: 35530120 PMCID: PMC9069955 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective, sensitive, and stable biosensors are essential for the molecular level understanding of many physiological activities and diseases. Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor is an appealing platform for measurement in biological system, attributing to the combined advantages of high selectivity of the aptamer and high sensitivity of electrochemical analysis. This review summarizes the latest development of E-AB sensors, focuses on the modification strategies used in the fabrication of sensors and the sensing strategies for analytes of different sizes in biological system, and then looks forward to the challenges and prospects of the future development of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Tang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yinghuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
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14
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Sargazi S, Er S, Mobashar A, Gelen SS, Rahdar A, Ebrahimi N, Hosseinikhah SM, Bilal M, Kyzas GZ. Aptamer-conjugated carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer and bacteria theranostics: A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109964. [PMID: 35513013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that link to various substrates with great affinity and selectivity, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells, and tissues. For this reason, they can be used as imaging agents for cancer imaging techniques. Multifunctional nanomaterials combined with imaging probes and drugs are promising cancer diagnosis and treatment candidates. On the other hand, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), including such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based quantum dots, carbon nanohorns, graphene oxide and its derivatives carbon nanodots, and nanodiamonds, are sort of smart materials that can be used in a variety of theranostic applications, including photo-triggered therapies. The remarkable physical characteristics, functionalizable chemistry, biocompatibility, and optical properties of these nanoparticles have enabled their utilization in less-invasive therapies. The theranostic agents that emerged by combining aptamers with CNMs have opened a novel alternative for personified medicine of cancer, target-specific imaging, and label-free diagnosis of a broad range of cancers, as well as pathogens. Aptamer-functionalized CNMs have been used as nanovesicles for targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents (i.e., doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil) to tumor sites. Furthermore, these CNMs conjugated with aptamers have shown great advantages over standard CNMs to sensitively detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. Regrettably, CNMs can form compounds defined as NOAA (nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates larger than 100 nm), that accumulate in the body and cause toxic effects. Surface modification and pretreatment with albumin avoid agglomeration and increase the dispersibility of CNMs, so it is needed to guarantee the desirable interactions between functionalized CNMs and blood plasma proteins. This preliminary review aimed to comprehensively discuss the features and uses of aptamer-conjugated CNMs to manage cancer and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Simge Er
- Ege University Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Sacide Gelen
- Ege University Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, 538-98615, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, 65404, Greece.
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15
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Sim D, Brothers MC, Slocik JM, Islam AE, Maruyama B, Grigsby CC, Naik RR, Kim SS. Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104426. [PMID: 35023321 PMCID: PMC8895156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human health and performance monitoring (HHPM) is imperative to provide information necessary for protecting, sustaining, evaluating, and improving personnel in various occupational sectors, such as industry, academy, sports, recreation, and military. While various commercially wearable sensors are on the market with their capability of "quantitative assessments" on human health, physical, and psychological states, their sensing is mostly based on physical traits, and thus lacks precision in HHPM. Minimally or noninvasive biomarkers detectable from the human body, such as body fluid (e.g., sweat, tear, urine, and interstitial fluid), exhaled breath, and skin surface, can provide abundant additional information to the HHPM. Detecting these biomarkers with novel or existing sensor technologies is emerging as critical human monitoring research. This review provides a broad perspective on the state of the art biosensor technologies for HHPM, including the list of biomarkers and their physiochemical/physical characteristics, fundamental sensing principles, and high-performance sensing transducers. Further, this paper expands to the additional scope on the key technical challenges in applying the current HHPM system to the real field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Research Associateship Program (RAP)the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and MedicineWashingtonDC20001USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Michael C. Brothers
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Joseph M. Slocik
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Ahmad E. Islam
- Air Force Research LaboratorySensors DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Claude C. Grigsby
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Steve S. Kim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
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16
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Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Antiviral Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Fluids: A Review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Özbek O, Isildak Ö, Isildak I. A potentiometric biosensor for the determination of valproic acid: Human blood–based study of an anti–epileptic drug. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Selective and easy detection of microcystin-LR in freshwater using a bioactivated sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes on filter paper. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113529. [PMID: 34325323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacterial toxin produced as a result of eutrophication in polluted water in warm weather conditions. The MC-LR could cause health problems in mammal organs such as the liver, heart, and muscle. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stipulated a limit of <1.0 ng/mL in drinking water. Thus, detection and quantification are vital, but current techniques require complex and expensive offsite analysis. We have developed an inexpensive, sensitive, and field-deployable sensor based on bioactivated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, diameter 20 nm) and micropore filter paper (0.45-μm pore size) for the detection of MC-LR. A specially designed DNA oligonucleotide (5-NH2-C6-AN6) was used as the MC-LR targeting aptamer (MCTA). For bioactivation, MCTA was immobilized on the carboxylated MWCNTs via the formation of amide bonds. The bioactivated MWCNTs were deposited on the micropore filter paper by suction filtering. The detection of MC-LR in freshwater was possible within 1.5 h, achieved by measuring the changes in electrical resistance caused by the selective MC-LR and MCTA interactions. Despite suffering from some matrix effects, the detection limit of the sensor was 0.19 ng/mL for low-concentration MC-LR (≤0.5 ng/mL). This method is much cheaper (biosensor price: < $2.5) than liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy analysis (ca. $50/sample) which is a standard method for MC-LR detection in a modern laboratory. Thus, this cheap and straightforward MC-LR sensor has applications for detection in remote locations.
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19
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Selcuk O, Demir Y, Erkmen C, Yıldırım S, Uslu B. Analytical Methods for Determination of Antiviral Drugs in Different Matrices: Recent Advances and Trends. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1662-1693. [PMID: 33983841 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1908111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the main pathogenic substances that cause severe diseases in humans and other living things. They are among the most common microorganisms, and consequently, antiviral drugs have emerged to prevent and treat viral infections. Antiviral drugs are an essential drug group considering their prescription and consumption rates for different diseases and indications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and precise analytical methods to detect antiviral drugs in various matrices. Chromatographic techniques are used frequently for the quantification purpose since they allow simultaneous determination of antivirals. Electrochemical methods have also gained importance since the analysis can be performed quickly without the need for pretreatment. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods are used because they are simple, inexpensive, and less time-consuming methods. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the analysis of currently used antiviral drugs from 2010 to 2021. Since studies on antiviral drugs are numerous, selected publications were reviewed in this article. The analysis of antiviral drugs was divided into three main groups: chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods which were applied to different matrices, including pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Selcuk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Erkmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Purwidyantri A, Domingues T, Borme J, Guerreiro JR, Ipatov A, Abreu CM, Martins M, Alpuim P, Prado M. Influence of the Electrolyte Salt Concentration on DNA Detection with Graphene Transistors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11010024. [PMID: 33477344 PMCID: PMC7830926 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFET) are ultrasensitive bio-detection platforms carrying out the graphene's exceptional intrinsic functionalities. Buffer and dilution factor are prevalent strategies towards the optimum performance of the GFETs. However, beyond the Debye length (λD), the role of the graphene-electrolytes' ionic species interactions on the DNA behavior at the nanoscale interface is complicated. We studied the characteristics of the GFETs under different ionic strength, pH, and electrolyte type, e.g., phosphate buffer (PB), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in an automatic portable built-in system. The electrostatic gating and charge transfer phenomena were inferred from the field-effect measurements of the Dirac point position in single-layer graphene (SLG) transistors transfer curves. Results denote that λD is not the main factor governing the effective nanoscale screening environment. We observed that the longer λD was not the determining characteristic for sensitivity increment and limit of detection (LoD) as demonstrated by different types and ionic strengths of measuring buffers. In the DNA hybridization study, our findings show the role of the additional salts present in PBS, as compared to PB, in increasing graphene electron mobility, electrostatic shielding, intermolecular forces and DNA adsorption kinetics leading to an improved sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Purwidyantri
- Food Quality and Safety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.G.); (A.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Telma Domingues
- 2D Materials and Devices Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (T.D.); (J.B.)
| | - Jérôme Borme
- 2D Materials and Devices Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (T.D.); (J.B.)
| | - Joana Rafaela Guerreiro
- Food Quality and Safety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.G.); (A.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrey Ipatov
- Food Quality and Safety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.G.); (A.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Catarina M. Abreu
- Nanomedicine Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Marco Martins
- Nano-ICs Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Alpuim
- 2D Materials and Devices Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (T.D.); (J.B.)
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.G.); (A.I.); (M.P.)
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21
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Bian S, Zhu B, Rong G, Sawan M. Towards wearable and implantable continuous drug monitoring: A review. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:1-14. [PMID: 32837742 PMCID: PMC7428759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous drug monitoring is a promising alternative to current therapeutic drug monitoring strategies and has a strong potential to reshape our understanding of pharmacokinetic variability and to improve individualised therapy. This review highlights recent advances in biosensing technologies that support continuous drug monitoring in real time. We focus primarily on aptamer-based biosensors, wearable and implantable devices. Emphasis is given to the approaches employed in constructing biosensors. We pay attention to sensors' biocompatibility, calibration performance, long-term characteristics stability and measurement quality. Last, we discuss the current challenges and issues to be addressed in continuous drug monitoring to make it a promising, future tool for individualised therapy. The ongoing efforts are expected to result in fully integrated implantable drug biosensing technology. Thus, we may anticipate an era of advanced healthcare in which wearable and implantable biochips will automatically adjust drug dosing in response to patient health conditions, thus enabling the management of diseases and enhancing individualised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamad Sawan
- Corresponding author. Cutting-Edge Net of Biomedical Research and Innovation (CenBRAIN), 18, Shilongshan Road, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
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22
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Bhalla N, Pan Y, Yang Z, Payam AF. Opportunities and Challenges for Biosensors and Nanoscale Analytical Tools for Pandemics: COVID-19. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7783-7807. [PMID: 32551559 PMCID: PMC7319134 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors and nanoscale analytical tools have shown huge growth in literature in the past 20 years, with a large number of reports on the topic of 'ultrasensitive', 'cost-effective', and 'early detection' tools with a potential of 'mass-production' cited on the web of science. Yet none of these tools are commercially available in the market or practically viable for mass production and use in pandemic diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this context, we review the technological challenges and opportunities of current bio/chemical sensors and analytical tools by critically analyzing the bottlenecks which have hindered the implementation of advanced sensing technologies in pandemic diseases. We also describe in brief COVID-19 by comparing it with other pandemic strains such as that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) for the identification of features that enable biosensing. Moreover, we discuss visualization and characterization tools that can potentially be used not only for sensing applications but also to assist in speeding up the drug discovery and vaccine development process. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging monitoring mechanism, namely wastewater-based epidemiology, for early warning of the outbreak, focusing on sensors for rapid and on-site analysis of SARS-CoV2 in sewage. To conclude, we provide holistic insights into challenges associated with the quick translation of sensing technologies, policies, ethical issues, technology adoption, and an overall outlook of the role of the sensing technologies in pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37
0QB Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Healthcare
Technology Hub, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Cranfield
Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield
Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37
0QB Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Healthcare
Technology Hub, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
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23
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Kammer M, Kussrow AK, Olmsted IR, Jackson GW, Bornhop DJ. Free Solution Assay Signal Modulation in Variable-Stem-Length Hairpin Aptamers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11308-11313. [PMID: 32478218 PMCID: PMC7254501 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric measurements of free solution assays (FSAs) quantify changes in molecular conformation and hydration upon binding. Here, we demonstrate that aptamer probes designed to undergo varying levels of conformational change upon binding produce corresponding variations in FSA signals. A series of hairpin aptamers were synthesized for the small molecule (tenofovir) with identical loop regions that contain the binding pocket, with between 2 and 10 self-associating base pairings in the stem region. Aptamers selected for tenofovir showed a decrease in the FSA signal and binding affinity (increase in K D) with increasing stem length. Thermodynamic calculations of the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) reported a decrease in ΔG with respect to a corresponding increase in the aptamer stem length. Collectively, these observations provide an expanded understanding of FSA and demonstrate the potential for the rational design of label-free aptamer beacons using FSA as readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
N. Kammer
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Amanda K. Kussrow
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ian R. Olmsted
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - George W. Jackson
- Base
Pair Biotechnologies, Inc., Pearland, Texas 77584, United States
| | - Darryl J. Bornhop
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6304, United States
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24
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Brief Report: Urine Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Concentrations Provide Markers of Recent Antiretroviral Drug Exposure Among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 82:252-256. [PMID: 31335590 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine provides a minimally invasive specimen that may allow for development of rapid tests to detect antiretroviral drugs and provide opportunities to improve individual adherence. This study sought to determine whether urine could provide a biomarker of adherence for currently approved pre-exposure prophylaxis and HIV treatment regimens. METHODS Urine and blood were collected from 34 HIV-negative men who have sex with men aged 18-49 years, enrolled in a clinical trial comparing 2 antiretroviral regimens. Specimens were collected 4 and 24 hours after a single oral dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) (n = 10) or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC/cobicistat (COBI)/elvitegravir (EVG) (n = 8), or after 4 and 10 days of daily oral TDF/FTC (n = 9) or TAF/FTC/COBI/EVG (n = 7). Tenofovir (TFV), FTC, and EVG were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Median urine FTC concentrations at 4 and 24 hours were similar between men receiving TDF/FTC (4 hours 147 µg/mL; 24 hours 10 µg/mL) and men receiving TAF/FTC/COBI/EVG (4 hours 333 µg/mL, P = 0.173; 24 hours 13 µg/mL, P = 0.681). Median urine TFV concentrations were lower among men receiving TAF/FTC/COBI/EVG (4 hours 1.2 µg/mL; 24 hours 0.8 µg/mL) compared with men receiving TDF/FTC (4 hours 17 µg/mL, P < 0.001; 24 hours 7 µg/mL, P = 0.001). Urine TFV concentrations remained reduced among men receiving TAF/FTC/COBI/EVG compared with men receiving TDF/FTC after daily dosing. EVG was not consistently measurable in urine. CONCLUSIONS High urine FTC and TFV concentrations could provide an indication of adherence to daily oral dosing with TDF or TAF-based regimens used for treatment and prevention.
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25
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Impact of Self-Assembled Monolayer Design and Electrochemical Factors on Impedance-Based Biosensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20082246. [PMID: 32316211 PMCID: PMC7218866 DOI: 10.3390/s20082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Real-time sensing of proteins, especially in wearable devices, remains a substantial challenge due to the need to convert a binding event into a measurable signal that is compatible with the chosen analytical instrumentation. Impedance spectroscopy enables real-time detection via either measuring electrostatic interactions or electron transfer reactions while simultaneously being amenable to miniaturization for integration into wearable form-factors. To create a more robust methodology for optimizing impedance-based sensors, additional fundamental studies exploring components influencing the design and implementation of these sensors are needed. This investigation addresses a sub-set of these issues by combining optical and electrochemical characterization to validate impedance-based sensor performance as a function of (1) biorecognition element density, (2) self-assembled monolayer chain length, (3) self-assembled monolayer charge density, (4) the electrochemical sensing mechanism and (5) the redox reporter selection. Using a pre-existing lysozyme aptamer and lysozyme analyte combination, we demonstrate a number of design criteria to advance the state-of-the-art in protein sensing. For this model system we demonstrated the following: First, denser self-assembled monolayers yielded substantially improved sensing results. Second, self-assembled monolayer composition, including both thickness and charge density, changed the observed peak position and peak current. Third, single frequency measurements, while less informative, can be optimized to replace multi-frequency measurements and in some cases (such as that with zwitterionic self-assembled monolayers) are preferred. Finally, various redox reporters traditionally not used in impedance sensing should be further explored. Collectively, these results can help limit bottlenecks associated with device development, enabling realization of next-generation impedance-based biosensing with customize sensor design for the specific application.
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Della Ventura B, Banchelli M, Funari R, Illiano A, De Angelis M, Taroni P, Amoresano A, Matteini P, Velotta R. Biosensor surface functionalization by a simple photochemical immobilization of antibodies: experimental characterization by mass spectrometry and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2020; 144:6871-6880. [PMID: 31686068 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is a key step in biosensing since it is the basis of an effective analyte recognition. Among all the bioreceptors, antibodies (Abs) play a key role thanks to their superior specificity, although the available immobilization strategies suffer from several drawbacks. When gold is the interacting surface, the recently introduced Photochemical Immobilization Technique (PIT) has been shown to be a quick, easy-to-use and very effective method to tether Abs oriented upright by means of thiols produced via tryptophan mediated disulphide bridge reduction. Although the molecular mechanism of this process is quite well identified, the detailed morphology of the immobilized antibodies is still elusive due to inherent difficulties related to the microscopy imaging of Abs. The combination of Mass Spectrometry, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Ellman's assay demonstrates that Abs irradiated under the conditions in which PIT is realized show only two effective disulphide bridges available for binding. They are located in the constant region of the immunoglobulin light chain so that the most likely position Ab assumes is side-on, i.e. with one Fab (i.e. the antigen binding portion of the antibody) exposed to the solution. This is not a limitation of the recognition efficiency in view of the intrinsic flexibility of the Ab structure, which makes the free Fab able to sway in the solution, a feature of great importance in many biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 - Milano, Italy
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Kwon J, Lee Y, Lee T, Ahn JH. Aptamer-Based Field-Effect Transistor for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus in Chicken Serum. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5524-5531. [PMID: 32148026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) is significant for preventing and controlling a global pandemic. However, there is no existing electrical biosensor for detecting biomarkers for AIV in clinically relevant samples such as chicken serum. Herein, we report the first use of an aptamer-functionalized field-effect transistor (FET) as a label-free sensor for AIV detection in chicken serum. A DNA aptamer is employed as a sensitive and selective receptor for hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which is a biomarker for AIVs. This aptamer is immobilized on a gold microelectrode that is connected to the gate of a reusable FET transducer. The specific binding of the target protein results in a change in the surface potential, which generates a signal response of the FET transducer. We hypothesize that a conformational change in the DNA aptamer upon specific binding of HA protein may alter the surface potential. The signal of the aptamer-based FET biosensor increased linearly with the increase in the logarithm of HA protein concentration in a dynamic range of 10 pM to 10 nM with a detection limit of 5.9 pM. The selectivity of the biosensor for HA protein was confirmed by employing relevant interfering proteins. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to the selective detection of HA protein in a chicken serum sample. Owing to its simple and low-cost architecture, portability, and sensitivity, the aptamer-based FET biosensor has potential as a point-of-care diagnosis of H5N1 AIVs in clinical samples.
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Tran PHL, Xiang D, Nguyen TNG, Tran TTD, Chen Q, Yin W, Zhang Y, Kong L, Duan A, Chen K, Sun M, Li Y, Hou Y, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Jiang G, Duan W. Aptamer-guided extracellular vesicle theranostics in oncology. Theranostics 2020; 10:3849-3866. [PMID: 32226524 PMCID: PMC7086349 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of exosomes, nanosized vesicles (50-150 nm) released into the extracellular space via the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, has burgeoned with impressive achievements in theranostics applications. These nanosized vesicles have emerged as key players in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of diseases owing to the variety of the cargos they can carry, the nature of the molecules packaged inside the vesicles, and the robust interactions between exosomes and target cells or tissues. Accordingly, the development of exosome-based liquid biopsy techniques for early disease detection and for monitoring disease progression marks a new era of precision medicine in the 21st century. Moreover, exosomes possess intrinsic properties - a nanosized structure and unique "homing effects" - that make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles. In addition, targeted exosome-based drug delivery systems can be further optimized using active targeting ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers. Indeed, the aptamers themselves can function as therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools based on their attributes of unique target-binding and non-immunogenicity. This review aims to provide readers with a current picture of the research on exosomes and aptamers and their applications in cancer theranostics, highlighting recent advances in their transition from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H-L Tran
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louise Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tuong N-G Nguyen
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thao T-D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Qian Chen
- Translational Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Wang Yin
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yumei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27 Rainforest Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Miomio Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, and St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- Clinical School, Luohe Medical College, 148, Daxue Road, Luohe City, Henan Province, 462000, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215004
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- GenePharma-Deakin Joint Laboratory of Aptamer Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China and Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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Park S, Kim M, Kim D, Kang SH, Lee KH, Jeong Y. Interfacial charge regulation of protein blocking layers in transistor biosensor for direct measurement in serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 147:111737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dorfman KD, Adrahtas DZ, Thomas MS, Frisbie CD. Microfluidic opportunities in printed electrolyte-gated transistor biosensors. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:011301. [PMID: 32002104 PMCID: PMC6984978 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Printed electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) are an emerging biosensor platform that leverage the facile fabrication engendered by printed electronics with the low voltage operation enabled by ion gel dielectrics. The resulting label-free, nonoptical sensors have high gain and provide sensing operations that can be challenging for conventional chemical field effect transistor architectures. After providing an overview of EGT device fabrication and operation, we highlight opportunities for microfluidic enhancement of EGT sensor performance via multiplexing, sample preconcentration, and improved transport to the sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Demetra Z Adrahtas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Mathew S Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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31
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Garzón V, Pinacho DG, Bustos RH, Garzón G, Bustamante S. Optical Biosensors for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E132. [PMID: 31718050 PMCID: PMC6955905 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a fundamental tool when administering drugs that have a limited dosage or high toxicity, which could endanger the lives of patients. To carry out this monitoring, one can use different biological fluids, including blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. The help of specialized methodologies for TDM will allow for the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of drugs and help adjust the dose before or during their administration. Techniques that are more versatile and label free for the rapid quantification of drugs employ biosensors, devices that consist of one element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer. Among biosensors are those of the optical biosensor type, which have been used for the quantification of different molecules of clinical interest, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, anti-cancer drugs, and heart failure. This review presents an overview of TDM at the global level considering various aspects and clinical applications. In addition, we review the contributions of optical biosensors to TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Garzón
- Doctoral Programme of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
- Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Daniel G. Pinacho
- Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Rosa-Helena Bustos
- Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Garzón
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Sandra Bustamante
- Physics Department, the Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Vedas, Corporación de Investigación e Innovación, Medellín 050001, Colombia
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32
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Safarpour H, Dehghani S, Nosrati R, Zebardast N, Alibolandi M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Ramezani M. Optical and electrochemical-based nano-aptasensing approaches for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 148:111833. [PMID: 31733465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More recently, detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been considered as an appealing prognostic and diagnostic approach for cancer patients. CTCs as a type of tumor-derived cells are secreted by the tumor and released into the blood circulation. Since the migration of CTCs is an early event in cancer progression, patients who still have tumor-free lymph nodes have to be well examined for the CTCs presence in their blood circulation. Nowadays, there is a broad range of detection methods available to identify CTCs. As artificial RNA oligonucleotides or single-stranded DNA with receptor and catalytic characteristics, aptamers have been standing out, owing to their target-induced conformational modifications, elevated stability, and target specificity to be implemented in biosensing techniques. To date, several sensitivity-enhancement methods alongside smart nanomaterials have been used for the creation of new aptasensors to address the limit of detection (LOD), and improve the sensitivity of numerous analyte identification methods. The present review article supports a focused overview of the recent studies in the identification and quantitative determination of CTCs by aptamer-based biosensors and nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nozhat Zebardast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu L, Wen Y, Pandit S, Mokkapati VRSS, Mijakovic I, Li Y, Ding M, Ren S, Li W, Liu G. Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of prostate cancer protein biomarkers: a review. BMC Chem 2019; 13:112. [PMID: 31508598 PMCID: PMC6720397 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, which causes approximately 10% of total cancer fatalities. The detection of protein biomarkers in body fluids is the key topic for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. Highly sensitive screening of PC is the most effective approach for reducing mortality. Thus, there are a growing number of literature that recognizes the importance of new technologies for early diagnosis of PC. Graphene is playing an important role in the biosensor field with remarkable physical, optical, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Many recent studies demonstrated the potential of graphene materials for sensitive detection of protein biomarkers. In this review, the graphene-based biosensors toward PC analysis are mainly discussed in two groups: Firstly, novel biosensor interfaces were constructed through the modification of graphene materials onto sensor surfaces. Secondly, ingenious signal amplification strategies were developed using graphene materials as catalysts or carriers. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide detection ranges, and long-term stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China.,2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanli Wen
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Santosh Pandit
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Venkata R S S Mokkapati
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden.,3The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yan Li
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ding
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Ren
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
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Lobry M, Lahem D, Loyez M, Debliquy M, Chah K, David M, Caucheteur C. Non-enzymatic D-glucose plasmonic optical fiber grating biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111506. [PMID: 31325674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Saccharide sensors represent a broad research area in the scope of sensing devices and their involvement in the medical diagnosis field is particularly relevant for cancer detection at early stage. In that context, we present a non-enzymatic optical fiber-based sensor that makes use of plasmon-assisted tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) functionalized for D-glucose biosensing through polydopamine (PDA)-immobilized concanavalin A (Con A). Our probe allows a live and accurate monitoring of the PDA layer deposition leading improved surface biochemistry. The SPR shift observed was assessed to 3.83 ± 0.05 nm within 20 min for a 2 mg/mL dopamine solution. Tests performed in different D-Glucose solutions have revealed a limit of detection close to 10-7 M with the highest sensitivity in the 10-6 to 10-4 M range. This configuration has the capability to overcome the limitations of current enzyme-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lobry
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, 31 Bld Dolez, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Driss Lahem
- Materia Nova ASBL, Materials R&D Centre, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Médéric Loyez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, 6 Av. du Champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marc Debliquy
- Materials Science Department, University of Mons, 56 Rue de l'Epargne, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Karima Chah
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, 31 Bld Dolez, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mariel David
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, 31 Bld Dolez, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Christophe Caucheteur
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, 31 Bld Dolez, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Neumaier M. Diagnostics 4.0: the medical laboratory in digital health. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:343-348. [PMID: 30530888 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, the digital revolution has changed the face of societies including industrial production, economies and peoples' social lives. From these changes we may extrapolate the developments that digitization of health care will bring to medicine in general and laboratory medicine in particular. Disruptive technologies will fundamentally change the way laboratory tests are going to be ordered, carried out and interpreted in the future, and test results from various sources need to be curated to be of added value for the patient's condition. Wearables and implantables will quantify the concentrations for an unknown number of laboratory parameters, and the data will be stored in cloud services at the fingertips of the patient as the sovereign of his/her health care data. A 24/7 online availability of health services will strengthen predictive medicine and may enable a vastly improved preventive health care that is supported by deep-learning algorithms for clinical decision-making not only on behalf of the physician, but also the empowered patient (e.g. health bots). This will likely shift the current role of Laboratory Medicine as a central provider of diagnostic information from a "hidden champion" towards a higher visibility redefining the patient-physician-laboratory relationship. For example, accessing digital health data will allow Laboratory Medicine to more efficiently contribute to the medical dialog than is often the case today. From this perspective, this will require major readjustments in the way we execute our profession, and it will also need new concepts of education and continuous professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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Ghobaei Namhil Z, Kemp C, Verrelli E, Iles A, Pamme N, Adawi AM, Kemp NT. A label-free aptamer-based nanogap capacitive biosensor with greatly diminished electrode polarization effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:681-691. [PMID: 30543220 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A significant impediment to the use of impedance spectroscopy in bio-sensing is the electrode polarization effect that arises from the movement of free ions to the electrode-solution interface, forming an electrical double layer (EDL). The EDL screens the dielectric response of the bulk and its large capacitance dominates the signal response at low frequency, masking information particularly relevant for biological samples, such as molecular conformation changes and DNA hybridization. The fabrication of nanogap capacitors with electrode separation less than the EDL thickness can significantly reduce electrode polarization effects and provide enormous improvement in sensitivity due to better matching of the sensing volume with the size of the target entities. We report on the fabrication of a horizontal thin-film nanogap capacitive sensor with electrode separation of 40 nm that shows almost no electrode polarization effects when measured with water and ionic buffer solutions, thereby allowing direct quantification of their relative permittivity at low frequencies. Surface modification of the electrodes with thiol-functionalized single strand DNA aptamers transforms the device into a label-free biosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of a specific protein. Using this approach, we have developed a biosensor for the detection of human alpha thrombin. In addition, we also examine frequency dependent permittivity measurements on high ionic strength solutions contained within the nanogap and discuss how these support recent experimental observations of large Debye lengths. A large shift in the Debye relaxation frequency to lower frequency is also found, which is consistent with water molecules being in a rigid-like state, possibly indicating the formation of an ordered "ice-like" phase. Altogether, this work highlights the need for better understanding of fluids in confined, nanoscale geometries, from which important new applications in sensing may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghobaei Namhil
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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Sypabekova M, Jolly P, Estrela P, Kanayeva D. Electrochemical aptasensor using optimized surface chemistry for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted protein MPT64 in human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 123:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bosak A, Saraf N, Willenberg A, Kwan MWC, Alto BW, Jackson GW, Batchelor RH, Nguyen-Huu TD, Sankarapani V, Parks GD, Seal S, Willenberg BJ. Aptamer–gold nanoparticle conjugates for the colorimetric detection of arboviruses and vector mosquito species. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23752-23763. [PMID: 35530619 PMCID: PMC9069491 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The real-time, colorimetric detection of analytes via aptamer–gold nanoparticle technology has proven to be an important, emerging technique within the medical field. Of global health importance, the ability to detect vector mosquito species, such as the Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquito, and transmitted arboviruses, such as Zika virus, is paramount to mosquito control and surveillance efforts. Herein, we describe the detection of Ae. aegypti salivary protein for vector identification and the detection of Zika virus to assess mosquito infection status by aptamer–gold nanoparticle conjugates. Key to optimization of these diagnostics were gold nanoparticle capping agents and aptamer degree of labelling (i.e., the amount of aptamers per gold nanoparticle). In the present study, detection was achieved for as little as 10 ng Ae. aegypti salivary protein and 1.0 × 105 PFU live Zika virus. These aptamer–gold nanoparticle conjugate diagnostics could one day prove to be useful as deployable nano-based biosensors that provide easy-to-read optical read outs through a straightforward red-to-blue colour change either within a diagnostic solution or atop a card/membrane-based biosensor. Colorimetric detection of arboviruses and vector mosquito species. (A) Aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates, (B) mosquito salivary protein, (C) Zika envelope protein, (D) visible color change, (E) imbibed diagnostic and (F) diagnostic cards.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bosak
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Nileshi Saraf
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
- Nanoscience and Technology Center
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
| | - Alicia Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Michael W. C. Kwan
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
- University of Florida
- IFAS
- Vero Beach
| | | | | | | | | | - Griffith D. Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
- Nanoscience and Technology Center
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
| | - Bradley Jay Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
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Morawska K, Popławski T, Ciesielski W, Smarzewska S. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of the interaction of antiviral drug Tenofovir with single and double stranded DNA. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 123:227-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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40
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Development of an aptamer-based field effect transistor biosensor for quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase in serum samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:30-35. [PMID: 30308419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been a continuous strive to develop portable, stable, sensitive and low cost detection system for malaria to meet the demand of effective screening actions in developing countries where the disease is most endemic. Herein, we report an aptamer-based field effect transistor (aptaFET) biosensor, developed by using an extended gate field effect transistor with inter-digitated gold microelectrodes (IDµE) for the detection of the malaria biomarker Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase (PfGDH) in serum samples. A 90 mer long ssDNA aptamer (NG3) selective to PfGDH was used in the aptaFET to capture the target protein. The intrinsic surface net charge of the captured protein led to change in gate potential of the aptaFET device, which could be correlated to the concentration of the protein. This biosensor exhibited a sensitive response in broad dynamic range of 100 fM -10 nM with limits of detection of 16.7 pM and 48.6 pM in spiked buffer and serum samples, respectively. The high selectivity of the biosensor for PfGDH was verified by testing relevant analogous human and parasitic proteins on the device. Overall, the results validated the application potential of the developed aptaFET for diagnosis of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria.
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Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Rodrigues WC, Spinelli M, Koss CA, Drain PK, Baeten JM, Mugo NR, Ngure K, Benet LZ, Okochi H, Wang G, Vincent M. Development and Validation of an Immunoassay for Tenofovir in Urine as a Real-Time Metric of Antiretroviral Adherence. EClinicalMedicine 2018; 2-3:22-28. [PMID: 30906930 PMCID: PMC6428441 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic adherence measures were critical to the interpretation of the tenofovir (TFV)-disoproxil-fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) PrEP trials. These measures are being incorporated into PrEP demonstration projects, but currently-available metrics in plasma, cells, hair or urine involve expensive and time-intensive mass-spectrometry (MS)-based methods. No point-of-care method to assess PrEP adherence in real-time has yet been implemented. Antibody-based tests allow for low-cost, easy-to-perform, point-of-care drug detection. In this study, we developed an antibody-based TFV immunoassay and evaluated its test characteristics among individuals taking TDF/FTC. METHODS We synthesized possible immunogens based on TFV's molecular structure, injected rabbits with the conjugated derivatives, and bled them monthly for subsequent ELISA-testing for TFV-specific antibodies. We purified an antibody with specific TFV binding and created dose-response curves for ELISA-quantification. We then quantified TFV in urine from human participants not taking TDF/FTC and from individuals taking daily TDF/FTC 300 mg/200 mg for 7 days with a 7-day washout period using ELISA with this TFV-specific antibody. ELISA results were compared with the gold-standard test for TFV detection/quantification using liquid-chromatography-tandem-MS (LC-MS/MS). FINDINGS None of the urine samples from 115 participants not taking TDF/FTC showed ELISA- reactivity, indicating 100% specificity (95% CI 97-100%) of the immunoassay. Among participants taking TDF/FTC, 67 of 70 samples positive by LC-MS/MS were positive by the ELISA-immunoassay for an estimated diagnostic sensitivity of 96% (95% CI 88-99%). The precision of the assay was high (coefficient of variationb15%). The rank correlation between ELISA and LC-MS/MS values in the 70 quantitative urine TFV levels positive by LC-MS/MS across a wide range of concentrations among participants on TDF/FTC was high (r = 0.96). INTERPRETATION Our antibody-based immunoassay for measuring TFV in urine performed well compared to the gold-standard of LC-MS/MS among individuals taking TDF/FTC. A sensitive and specific immunoassay paves the way for real-time monitoring/feedback on recent adherence to TFV-based regimens, which should optimize interpretation and outcomes during PrEP and ART roll-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 995 Potrero Avenue, Building 80, 4th floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States of America
- Corresponding author.
| | - Peter Bacchetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Box 0560, 550 16th Street, 2538, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Warren C. Rodrigues
- Alere Rapid Diagnostics/Abbott Rapid Diagnostics Division (ARDx), 829 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA 91767, United States of America
| | - Matthew Spinelli
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 995 Potrero Avenue, Building 80, 4th floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Koss
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 995 Potrero Avenue, Building 80, 4th floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States of America
| | - Paul K. Drain
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America
| | - Jared M. Baeten
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America
| | - Nelly R. Mugo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Section 9, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Ngure
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America
- Department of Community Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leslie Z. Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - Hideaki Okochi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - Guohong Wang
- Alere Rapid Diagnostics/Abbott Rapid Diagnostics Division (ARDx), 829 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA 91767, United States of America
| | - Michael Vincent
- Alere Rapid Diagnostics/Abbott Rapid Diagnostics Division (ARDx), 829 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA 91767, United States of America
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Singh NK, Arya SK, Estrela P, Goswami P. Capacitive malaria aptasensor using Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase as target antigen in undiluted human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:246-252. [PMID: 29909195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A capacitive aptasensor for detecting the malaria biomarker, Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase (PfGDH), directly in human serum samples developed. A thiolated ssDNA aptamer (NG3) that binds specifically to PfGDH antigen with high affinity (Kd= 79 nM) was used to develop the aptasensor. The aptasensor produced capacitance response at an optimized frequency of 2 Hz in a non-Faradaic electrochemical impedance based signal transduction platform. The aptasensor exhibited a wide dynamic range of 100 fM-100 nM with a limits of detection of 0.77 pM in serum samples. The interference from other predominant malarial biomarkers, namely, Plasmodium falciparum -lactate dehydrogenase and -histidine rich protein-II on the aptasensor was negligible. This PfGDH aptasensor with highly sensitive and label free detection capability has great application potential for diagnosis of asymptotic malaria and monitoring the regression of malaria during treatment regime with antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India
| | - Sunil K Arya
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India.
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43
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Juang DS, Lin CH, Huo YR, Tang CY, Cheng CR, Wu HS, Huang SF, Kalnitsky A, Lin CC. Proton-ELISA: Electrochemical immunoassay on a dual-gated ISFET array. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:175-182. [PMID: 29902633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an electrochemical immunoassay platform called Proton-ELISA (H-ELISA) for the detection of bioanalytes. H-ELISA uniquely utilizes protons as an immunoassay detection medium, generated by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) coupled with Fenton's reagent in a proton amplification reaction cascade that results in a highly amplified signal. A proton-sensitive dual-gated ion-sensitive field effect transistor (DG-ISFET) sensor was also developed for sensitive and accurate detection of the proton signal in H-ELISA. The DG-ISFET sensor comprises of a 128 × 128 array of 16,384 sensing transistors each with an individually addressable back gate to allow for a very high signal throughput and improved accuracy. We then demonstrated that the platform could detect C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin E down to concentrations of 12.5 and 125 pg/mL, respectively. We further showed that the platform is compatible with complex biological sample conditions such as human serum, suggesting that the platform is sufficiently robust for potential diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane S Juang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Lin
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Huo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ren Cheng
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shu Wu
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fen Huang
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Kalnitsky
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Xiao X, Kuang Z, Slocik JM, Tadepalli S, Brothers M, Kim S, Mirau PA, Butkus C, Farmer BL, Singamaneni S, Hall CK, Naik RR. Advancing Peptide-Based Biorecognition Elements for Biosensors Using in-Silico Evolution. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1024-1031. [PMID: 29741092 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensors for human health and performance monitoring require biological recognition elements (BREs) at device interfaces for the detection of key molecular biomarkers that are measurable biological state indicators. BREs, including peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids, bind to biomarkers in the vicinity of the sensor surface to create a signal proportional to the biomarker concentration. The discovery of BREs with the required sensitivity and selectivity to bind biomarkers at low concentrations remains a fundamental challenge. In this study, we describe an in-silico approach to evolve higher sensitivity peptide-based BREs for the detection of cardiac event marker protein troponin I (cTnI) from a previously identified BRE as the parental affinity peptide. The P2 affinity peptide, evolved using our in-silico method, was found to have ∼16-fold higher affinity compared to the parent BRE and ∼10 fM (0.23 pg/mL) limit of detection. The approach described here can be applied towards designing BREs for other biomarkers for human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqing Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | | | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Saraf N, Woods ER, Peppler M, Seal S. Highly selective aptamer based organic electrochemical biosensor with pico-level detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:40-46. [PMID: 29885578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An organic aptamer functionalized electrochemical transistor has been developed to detect the presence of epinephrine molecule which acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter. The abnormalities in the level of epinephrine are the direct symptoms of some diseases such as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and other heart related diseases. The present approach is based on immobilization of aptamers on the gate electrode which selectively binds to epinephrine with high affinity. The introduction of epinephrine in the system causes screening of negative charge of aptamers as well as the production of Faradaic current due to oxidation of epinephrine. The synergistic effect of these two events decreases the overall channel current which was seen in both transfer characteristics and current-time curve. Additional experiments against common interfering agents (dopamine, ascorbic acid, DOPAC etc) showed no decrease in the current which indicates high specificity of the sensor. Overall, the incorporation of aptamers in the transistor has allowed us to obtain a sensor exhibiting the lowest limit of detection for epinephrine (90 pM) till date which is comparable to normal physiological level. This approach provides a real-time detection of a large range of biomolecules and viral proteins in a time and cost-effective manner and has applications in point-of-care testing tool for several diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileshi Saraf
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Eric R Woods
- Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Madison Peppler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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Yang D, Liu M, Xu J, Yang C, Wang X, Lou Y, He N, Wang Z. Carbon nanosphere-based fluorescence aptasensor for targeted detection of breast cancer cell MCF-7. Talanta 2018; 185:113-117. [PMID: 29759176 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, carbon nanosphere (CNS)-based fluorescence "turn off/on" aptasensor was developed for targeted detection of breast cancer cell MCF-7 by conjugation with FAM (a dye)-labeled mucin1 (MUC1) aptamer P0 (P0-FAM), which can recognize MUC1 protein overexpressed on the surface of MCF-7. Different from other carbon based fluorescence quenching materials, CNSs prepared by the carbonization of glucose not only have the high fluorescence quenching efficiency (98.8%), but also possess negligible cytotoxicity (in the concentration range of 0-1 mg/mL, which is 10 times higher than that of traditional carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide (0-100 µg/mL)). As for the detection of the mimic of the tumor antigen MUC1, the resulting fluorescence intensity increases nearly linearly in the range of 0-6 μM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 25 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yongbing Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Nongyue He
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Ladju RB, Pascut D, Massi MN, Tiribelli C, Sukowati CHC. Aptamer: A potential oligonucleotide nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2951-2961. [PMID: 29416827 PMCID: PMC5788695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Late diagnosis and poor prognosis are still a major drawback since curative therapies such as liver resection and liver transplantation are effective only for an early stage HCC. Development of novel molecular targeting therapies against HCC may provide new options that will improve the efficiency of the diagnosis and the success of the therapy, thus ameliorating the life expectancy of the patients. The aptamer is an oligonucleotide nanomedicine that has high binding affinity and specificity to small and large target molecules in the intracellular and extracellular environment with agonist or antagonist function. Currently, several aptamers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are under development to recognize different molecules of HCC. In in vitro models, the aptamer has been shown to be able to reduce the growth of HCC cells and increase the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapies. In in vivo mouse models, aptamer could induce cell apoptosis with antitumor activity. Overall data had shown that aptamer has limited toxicity and might be safe in clinical application. This review summarizes recent information of aptamer as a potential oligonucleotide nanomedicine tool, in diagnostics, targeted therapy, and as drug delivery nano-vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusdina Bte Ladju
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Detection principles of biological and chemical FET sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:437-448. [PMID: 28711826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The seminal importance of detecting ions and molecules for point-of-care tests has driven the search for more sensitive, specific, and robust sensors. Electronic detection holds promise for future miniaturized in-situ applications and can be integrated into existing electronic manufacturing processes and technology. The resulting small devices will be inherently well suited for multiplexed and parallel detection. In this review, different field-effect transistor (FET) structures and detection principles are discussed, including label-free and indirect detection mechanisms. The fundamental detection principle governing every potentiometric sensor is introduced, and different state-of-the-art FET sensor structures are reviewed. This is followed by an analysis of electrolyte interfaces and their influence on sensor operation. Finally, the fundamentals of different detection mechanisms are reviewed and some detection schemes are discussed. In the conclusion, current commercial efforts are briefly considered.
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