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Xiao Y, Zhou H, Cui Y, Zhu X, Li S, Yu C, Jiang N, Liu L, Liu F. Schisandrin A enhances pathogens resistance by targeting a conserved p38 MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111472. [PMID: 38176342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Schizandrin A (SA), also known as deoxyschizandrin, is one of the most biologically active lignans isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Fructus schisandrae chinensis. Schisandrin A has proven benefits for anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-diabetes. But the influence of Schisandrin A to the innate immune response and its molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we found that Schisandrin A increased resistance to not only the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica but also the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Meanwhile, Schisandrin A protected the animals from the infection by enhancing the tolerance to the pathogens infection rather than by reducing the bacterial burden. Through the screening of the conserved immune pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that Schisandrin A enhanced innate immunity via p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, Schisandrin A increased the expression of antibacterial peptide genes, such as K08D8.5, lys-2, F35E12.5, T24B8.5, and C32H11.12 by activation PMK-1/p38 MAPK. Importantly, Schisandrin A-treated mice also enhanced resistance to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection and significantly increased the levels of active PMK-1. Thus, promoted PMK-1/p38 MAPK-mediated innate immunity by Schisandrin A is conserved from worms to mammals. Our work provides a conserved mechanism by which Schisandrin A enhances innate immune response and boosts its therapeutic application in the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yingwen Cui
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L. Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-79. [PMID: 37359711 PMCID: PMC10008214 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on investigating potential antiviral molecules from plants. Natural resources indeed offer a variety of specialized therapeutic metabolites that have been demonstrated to inhibit viral entry into the host cells and replication through the regulation of viral absorption, cell receptor binding, and competition for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Many active phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, etc., have been identified as potential candidates for preventing and treating viral infections. Using a systematic approach, this review summarises the knowledge obtained to date on the in vivo antiviral activity of specialized metabolites extracted from plant matrices by focusing on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sileo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Freer
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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The Current Landscape of Bioactive Molecules against DENV: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2236210. [PMID: 36818227 PMCID: PMC9937760 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2236210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
With a 30-fold increase in incidence over the previous 50 years, dengue fever is now the most widespread viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes in the world. The intricate interaction of the human defense system, hereditary predisposition, and specific bitterness elements is more likely to be the pathogenesis of dengue. There are presently no viable treatments for dengue. Synthetic drugs which are used against this ailment also show major side effects. There must be a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism generating severe symptoms to develop auguring markers, cutting-edge diagnostics, and treatments and finally a well-rounded and secure antiserum. Hence, the aim is to search for safer and more potent drugs derived from plants. Plants or herbs are mainly targeting replication or its enzyme or specific stereotypes, though an exact mechanism of phytoconstituents interfering with the viral replication is still undiscovered. The present attempt provided the update with the objective to bringing up forward pathophysiological eventualities involved in dengue virus along with the naturally derived treatment relevant to provide the impregnable therapy by evading the noxious symptoms for dengue fever. Governor's plum, Cryptocarya chartacea, magnolia berry, and Chinese ginger are such plants exhibiting many effective phytoconstituents against DENV and can be further explored for novel drug discovery by medicinal scientists.
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Fang Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Wang R, Liang S. Potential protective benefits of Schisandrin B against severe acute hepatitis in children during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a network pharmacology analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969709. [PMID: 36034788 PMCID: PMC9403136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Reports of hepatitis in children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic garnered worldwide attention. The most probable culprits are adenovirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, the optimal symptomatic treatment consists of a combination of anti-COVID-19 and hepatitis symptom alleviators. Schisandrin B (SchB) has been known to have liver-protective properties for a long time, whereas anti-COVID-19 properties only recently have been discovered. In the case of COVID-19 with hepatitis of unknown origin, we used network pharmacology to explore the symptomatic therapy and protective effects of SchB. Main methods: The most probable protein targets of SchB were predicted in the SwissTargetPrediction database. The GeneCards, National Center for Biotechnology Information, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases were used to compile information on the diseases hepatitis, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. Following the use of a Venn diagram viewer to identify intersection genes, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network and identified the core genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment, as well as molecular docking, were employed to highlight the mechanisms of SchB on hepatitis. Key findings: SchB contains 27 targets on adenovirus_hepatitis and 16 targets on SARS-CoV-2_hepatitis, with 12 shared genes. Both target populations clustered in viral infection and cancer pathways, as well as in processes such as kinase activity phosphatase, cell adhesion, and ATPase binding. These genes might be closely related to liver damage and membrane binding from adenovirus or SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, epidermal growth factor receptor, HSP90AA1, and MAPK1 were among the top five targets of both SchB SARS-CoV-2 hepatitis and SchB adenovirus hepatitis. Significance: SchB may target common protective targets and mechanisms against acute hepatitis caused by adenovirus or by SARS-CoV-2 in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings indicate SchB's potential as a treatment for hepatitis of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Ruoyu Wang, ; Shanshan Liang,
| | - Shanshan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Ruoyu Wang, ; Shanshan Liang,
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Altamish M, Khan M, Baig MS, Pathak B, Rani V, Akhtar J, Khan AA, Ahmad S, Krishnan A. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants against Dengue Infection: A Mechanistic Viewpoint. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24048-24065. [PMID: 35874231 PMCID: PMC9301714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a tropical disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV), a positive-sense, single stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The occurrence of dengue has grown dramatically around the globe in recent decades, and it is rapidly becoming a global burden. Furthermore, all four DENV serotypes cocirculate and create a problematic hyperendemic situation. Characteristic symptoms range from being asymptomatic, dengue fever to life-threatening complications such as hemorrhagic fever and shock. Apart from the inherent virulence of the virus strain, a dysregulated host immune response makes the condition worse. Currently, there is no highly recommended vaccine or therapeutic agent against dengue. With the advent of virus strains resistant to antiviral agents, there is a constant need for new therapies to be developed. Since time immemorial, human civilization has utilized plants in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including infectious viral diseases. With the advancement in molecular biology, cell biology techniques, and bioinformatics, recent studies have tried to provide scientific evidence and determine the mechanism of anti-dengue activity of various plant extracts and plant-derived agents. The current Review consolidates the studies on the last 20 years of in vitro and in vivo experiments on the ethnomedicinal plants used against the dengue virus. Several active phytoconstituents like quercetin, castanospermine, α-mangostin, schisandrin-A, hirsutin have been found to be promising to inhibition of all the four DENV serotypes. However, novel therapeutics need to be reassessed in relevant cells using high-throughput techniques. Further, in vivo dose optimization for the immunomodulatory and antiviral activity should be examined on a vast sample size. Such a Review should help take the knowledge forward, validate it, and use medicinal plants in different combinations targeting multiple stages of virus infection for more effective multipronged therapy against dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Altamish
- Department
of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Muzayyana Khan
- Bioactive
Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mirza Sarwar Baig
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences &
Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 India
| | - Bharti Pathak
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences &
Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 India
| | - Veena Rani
- Department
of SciencesIndira Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU), New Delhi, 110068, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Central
Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government
of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - A. Ali Khan
- Central
Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government
of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive
Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences &
Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 India
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6
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Fu K, Zhou H, Wang C, Gong L, Ma C, Zhang Y, Li Y. A review: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of Schisandrin A. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2375-2393. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Dhiman M, Sharma L, Dadhich A, Dhawan P, Sharma MM. Traditional Knowledge to Contemporary Medication in the Treatment of Infectious Disease Dengue: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:750494. [PMID: 35359838 PMCID: PMC8963989 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.750494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has become a worldwide affliction despite incessant efforts to search for a cure for this long-lived disease. Optimistic consequences for dengue vaccine are implausible as the efficiency is tied to previous dengue virus (DENV) exposure and a very high cost is required for large-scale production of vaccine. Medicinal plants are idyllic substitutes to fight DENV infection since they constitute important components of traditional medicine and show antiviral properties, although the mechanism behind the action of bioactive compounds to obstruct viral replication is less explored and yet to be discovered. This review includes the existing traditional knowledge on how DENV infects and multiplies in the host cells, conscripting different medicinal plants that obtained bioactive compounds with anti-dengue properties, and the probable mechanism on how bioactive compounds modulate the host immune system during DENV infection. Moreover, different plant species having such bioactive compounds reported for anti-DENV efficiency should be validated scientifically via different in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Dhiman
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Lakshika Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Abhishek Dadhich
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | | | - M. M. Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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8
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Byrne AB, García CC, Damonte EB, Talarico LB. Murine models of dengue virus infection for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:397-412. [PMID: 35098849 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2033205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of the most prevalent human disease transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. At present, no antiviral drug is available and the difficulties to develop highly protective vaccines against the four DENV serotypes maintain the requirement of effective options for dengue chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED The availability of animal models that reproduce human disease is a very valuable tool for the preclinical evaluation of potential antivirals. Here, the main murine models of dengue infection are described, including immunocompetent wild-type mice, immunocompromised mice deficient in diverse components of the interferon (IFN) pathway and humanized mice. The main findings in antiviral testing of DENV inhibitory compounds in murine models are also presented. EXPERT OPINION At present, there is no murine model that fully recapitulates human disease. However, immunocompromised mice deficient in IFN-α/β and -γ receptors, with their limitations, have shown to be the most suitable system for antiviral preclinical testing. In fact, the AG129 mouse model allowed the identification of celgosivir, an inhibitor of cellular glucosidases, as a promising option for DENV therapy. However, clinical trials still were not successful, emphasizing the difficulties in the transition from preclinical testing to human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B Byrne
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele C García
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Wu YH, Chen WC, Tseng CK, Chen YH, Lin CK, Lee JC. Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and serves as a potential target against dengue hemorrhagic fever. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22110. [PMID: 34918393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100688rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a cause of vascular endothelial dysfunction and vascular leakage, which are characterized as hallmarks of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which become a severe global health emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are still no promising therapeutics to alleviate the dengue-associated vascular hemorrhage in a clinical setting. In the present study, we first observed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression level was highly suppressed in severe DENV-infected patients. In contrast, the overexpression of HO-1 could attenuate DENV-induced pathogenesis, including plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia, in an AG129 mouse model. Our data indicate that overexpression of HO-1 or its metabolite biliverdin can maintain endothelial integrity upon DENV infection in vitro and in vivo. We further characterized the positive regulatory effect of HO-1 on the endothelial adhesion factor vascular endothelial-cadherin to decrease DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Subsequently, we confirmed that two medicinal plant-derived compounds, andrographolide, and celastrol, widely used as a nutritional or medicinal supplement are useful to attenuate DENV-induced plasma leakage through induction of the HO-1 expression in DENV-infected AG129 mice. In conclusion, our findings reveal that induction of the HO-1 signal pathway is a promising option for the treatment of DENV-induced vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine in College of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Natural Products in College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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INMI1 Zika Virus NS4B Antagonizes the Interferon Signaling by Suppressing STAT1 Phosphorylation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122448. [PMID: 34960717 PMCID: PMC8705506 DOI: 10.3390/v13122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evasion of the Interferon response has important implications in Zika virus (ZIKV) disease. Mutations in ZIKV viral protein NS4B, associated with modulation of the interferon (IFN) system, have been linked to increased pathogenicity in animal models. In this study, we unravel ZIKV NS4B as antagonist of the IFN signaling cascade. Firstly, we reported the genomic characterization of NS4B isolated from a strain of the 2016 outbreak, ZIKV Brazil/2016/INMI1, and we predicted its membrane topology. Secondly, we analyzed its phylogenetic correlation with other flaviviruses, finding a high similarity with dengue virus 2 (DEN2) strains; in particular, the highest conservation was found when NS4B was aligned with the IFN inhibitory domain of DEN2 NS4B. Hence, we asked whether ZIKV NS4B was also able to inhibit the IFN signaling cascade, as reported for DEN2 NS4B. Our results showed that ZIKV NS4B was able to strongly inhibit the IFN stimulated response element and the IFN-γ-activated site transcription, blocking IFN-I/-II responses. mRNA expression levels of the IFN stimulated genes ISG15 and OAS1 were also strongly reduced in presence of NS4B. We found that the viral protein was acting by suppressing the STAT1 phosphorylation and consequently blocking the nuclear transport of both STAT1 and STAT2.
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11
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Fanunza E, Carletti F, Quartu M, Grandi N, Ermellino L, Milia J, Corona A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Tramontano E. Zika virus NS2A inhibits interferon signaling by degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Virulence 2021; 12:1580-1596. [PMID: 34338586 PMCID: PMC8331042 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1935613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interferon (IFN) response is crucial to restrain pathogenic infections. Investigations into flavivirus-host interactions reported that the high virulence is linked to innate immune evasion. Zika Virus (ZIKV) has developed diversified strategies to evade the innate immune system. We report that the viral protein NS2A counteracts the IFN response by strongly suppressing the IFN signaling. NS2A targets transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2, to impede their nuclear localization, thereby suppressing the transcription of ISRE promoter and IFN-stimulated genes. We found that NS2A promotes degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Treatment of NS2A transfected cells with MG132 restores the levels of both transcription factors, suggesting the involvement of the proteasome system. Given the impact that the IFN antagonism has on flavivirus virulence, the knowledge gained by characterizing the mechanism through which ZIKV evades the IFN response paves the ground for new strategies to attenuate the pathogenesis and to develop countermeasures against effective pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Nicole Grandi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Ermellino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jessica Milia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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12
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Ali SI, Sheikh WM, Rather MA, Venkatesalu V, Muzamil Bashir S, Nabi SU. Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3447-3483. [PMID: 33590931 PMCID: PMC8013762 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of viral diseases like novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) prompted the scientific world to examine antiviral bioactive compounds rather than nucleic acid analogous, protease inhibitors, or other toxic synthetic molecules. The emerging viral infections significantly associated with 2019-nCoV have challenged humanity's survival. Further, there is a constant emergence of new resistant viral strains that demand novel antiviral agents with fewer side effects and cell toxicity. Despite significant progress made in immunization and regenerative medicine, numerous viruses still lack prophylactic vaccines and specific antiviral treatments that are so often influenced by the generation of viral escape mutants. Of importance, medicinal herbs offer a wide variety of therapeutic antiviral chemotypes that can inhibit viral replication by preventing viral adsorption, adhering to cell receptors, inhibiting virus penetration in the host cell, and competing for pathways of activation of intracellular signals. The present review will comprehensively summarize the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules. Furthermore, it will elucidate their mechanism of action and possible implications in the treatment/prevention of viral diseases even when their mechanism of action is not fully understood, which could serve as the base for the future development of novel or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
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13
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Park WS, Koo KA, Bae JY, Kim HJ, Kang DM, Kwon JM, Paek SM, Lee MK, Kim CY, Ahn MJ. Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans in Plant Parts and Fermented Beverages of Schisandra chinensis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020361. [PMID: 33668581 PMCID: PMC7918357 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Schisandra chinensis, Omija, is a well-known traditional medicine used as an anti-tussive and anti-diarrhea agent, with various biological activities derived from the dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans. A high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was used to determine seven lignans (schisandrol A and B, tigloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin H, schisandrin A, B, and C) in the different plant parts and beverages of the fruit of S. chinensis grown in Korea. The contents of these lignans in the plant parts descended in the following order: seeds, flowers, leaves, pulp, and stems. The total lignan content in Omija beverages fermented with white sugar for 12 months increased by 2.6-fold. Omija was fermented for 12 months with white sugar, brown sugar, and oligosaccharide/white sugar (1:1, w/w). The total lignan content in Omija fermented with oligosaccharide/white sugar was approximately 1.2- and 1.7-fold higher than those fermented with white sugar and brown sugar, respectively. A drink prepared by immersion of the fruit in alcohol had a higher total lignan content than these fermented beverages. This is the first report documenting the quantitative changes in dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans over a fermentation period and the effects of the fermentable sugars on this eco-friendly fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Kyung Ah Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Min Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Seung-Mann Paek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.Y.K.); (M.-J.A.); Tel.: +82-31-400-5809 (C.Y.K.); +82-55-772-2425 (M.-J.A.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.K.); (M.-J.A.); Tel.: +82-31-400-5809 (C.Y.K.); +82-55-772-2425 (M.-J.A.)
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14
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Rajput R, Sharma J, Nair MT, Khanna M, Arora P, Sood V. Regulation of Host Innate Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs During Dengue Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:588168. [PMID: 33330133 PMCID: PMC7734804 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.588168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 3.9 billion individuals in 128 nations (about 40% of global population) are at risk of acquiring dengue virus infection. About 390 million cases of dengue are reported each year with higher prevalence in the developing world. A recent modeling-based report suggested that half of the population across the globe is at risk of dengue virus infection. In any given dengue outbreak, a percentage of infected population develops severe clinical manifestations, and this remains one of the “unsolved conundrums in dengue pathogenesis”. Although, host immunity and virus serotypes are known to modulate the infection, there are still certain underlying factors that play important roles in modulating dengue pathogenesis. Advanced genomics-based technologies have led to identification of regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that viruses and their hosts employ non-coding RNAs to modulate the outcome of infection in their own favor. The foremost ones seem to be the cellular microRNAs (miRNAs). Being the post-transcriptional regulators, miRNAs can be regarded as direct switches capable of turning “on” or “off” the viral replication process. Recently, role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating viral infections via interferon dependent or independent signaling has been recognized. Hence, we attempt to identify the “under-dog”, the non-coding RNA regulators of dengue virus infection. Such essential knowledge will enhance the understanding of dengue virus infection in holistic manner, by exposing the specific molecular targets for development of novel prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Rajput
- Department of Microbiology (Virology Unit), Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Mahima T Nair
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Khanna
- Department of Microbiology (Virology Unit), Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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15
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Lignans and Their Derivatives from Plants as Antivirals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010183. [PMID: 31906391 PMCID: PMC6982783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans are widely produced by various plant species; they are a class of natural products that share structural similarity. They usually contain a core scaffold that is formed by two or more phenylpropanoid units. Lignans possess diverse pharmacological properties, including their antiviral activities that have been reported in recent years. This review discusses the distribution of lignans in nature according to their structural classification, and it provides a comprehensive summary of their antiviral activities. Among them, two types of antiviral lignans—podophyllotoxin and bicyclol, which are used to treat venereal warts and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in clinical, serve as examples of using lignans for antivirals—are discussed in some detail. Prospects of lignans in antiviral drug discovery are also discussed.
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16
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Ahammad F, Tengku Abd Rashid TR, Mohamed M, Tanbin S, Ahmad Fuad FA. Contemporary Strategies and Current Trends in Designing Antiviral Drugs against Dengue Fever via Targeting Host-Based Approaches. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E296. [PMID: 31466307 PMCID: PMC6780377 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arboviral human pathogen transmitted through mosquito bite that infects an estimated ~400 million humans (~5% of the global population) annually. To date, no specific therapeutics have been developed that can prevent or treat infections resulting from this pathogen. DENV utilizes numerous host molecules and factors for transcribing the single-stranded ~11 kb positive-sense RNA genome. For example, the glycosylation machinery of the host is required for viral particles to assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since a variety of host factors seem to be utilized by the pathogens, targeting these factors may result in DENV inhibitors, and will play an important role in attenuating the rapid emergence of other flaviviruses. Many experimental studies have yielded findings indicating that host factors facilitate infection, indicating that the focus should be given to targeting the processes contributing to pathogenesis along with many other immune responses. Here, we provide an extensive literature review in order to elucidate the progress made in the development of host-based approaches for DENV viral infections, focusing on host cellular mechanisms and factors responsible for viral replication, aiming to aid the potential development of host-dependent antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foysal Ahammad
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
| | | | - Maizan Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suriyea Tanbin
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
| | - Fazia Adyani Ahmad Fuad
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.
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17
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Dighe SN, Ekwudu O, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Katavic PL, Collet TA. Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:431-455. [PMID: 31128447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of humans, with more than half of the global population living in at-risk areas. Despite the negative impact on public health, there are no antiviral therapies available, and the only licensed vaccine, Dengvaxia®, has been contraindicated in children below nine years of age. In an effort to combat dengue, several small molecules have entered into human clinical trials. Here, we review anti-DENV molecules and their drug targets that have been published within the past five years (2014-2018). Further, we discuss their probable mechanisms of action and describe a role for classes of clinically approved drugs and also an unclassified class of anti-DENV agents. This review aims to enhance our understanding of novel agents and their cognate targets in furthering innovations in the use of small molecules for dengue drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish N Dighe
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - O'mezie Ekwudu
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Peter L Katavic
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trudi A Collet
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Potential of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in Human Health and Nutrition: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020333. [PMID: 30720717 PMCID: PMC6412213 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SCE) is a plant with high potential for beneficial health effects, confirmed by molecular studies. Its constituents exert anti-cancer effects through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of invasion and metastasis in cancer cell lines and experimental animals. SCE displays antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains. It has anti-diabetic potential, supported by hypoglycemic activity. A diet rich in SCE improves pancreatic functions, stimulates insulin secretion, and reduces complications in diabetic animals. SCE prevents lipid accumulation and differentiation of preadipocytes, indicating its anti-obesity potential. SCE exerts a protective effect against skin photoaging, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and improves physical endurance and cognitive/behavioural functions, which can be linked with its general anti-aging potency. In food technology, SCE is applied as a preservative, and as an additive to increase the flavour, taste, and nutritional value of food. In summary, SCE displays a variety of beneficial health effects, with no side effects. Further research is needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of SCE action. First, the constituents responsible for its beneficial effects should be isolated and identified, and recommended as preventative nutritional additives, or considered as therapeutics.
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19
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Zhong XL, Liao XM, Shen F, Yu HJ, Yan WS, Zhang YF, Ye JJ, Lv ZP. Genome-wide profiling of mRNA and lncRNA expression in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:468-477. [PMID: 30868055 PMCID: PMC6396354 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are recurrent diseases that are widespread in the tropics. Here, we identified candidate genes associated with these diseases by performing integrated analyses of DF (GSE51808) and DHF (GSE18090) microarray datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In all, we identified 7635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DF and 8147 DEGs in DHF as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). In addition, we discovered 215 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) in DF and 225 DElncRNAs in DHF. There were 1256 common DEGs and eight common DElncRNAs in DHF vs DF, DHF vs normal control, and DF vs normal control groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that signal transduction (false discovery rate = 8.33E-10), 'toxoplasmosis', and 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' were significantly enriched pathways for common DEGs. We conclude that the MAGED1,STAT1, and IL12A genes may play crucial roles in DF and DHF, and suggest that our findings may facilitate the identification of biomarkers and the development of new drug design strategies for DF and DHF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Zhong
- Department of Quality Control Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liao
- Department of Medicine Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Fei Shen
- Clinical Laboratory Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Hai-Jian Yu
- Department of Medicine Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Wen-Sheng Yan
- Department of Medicine Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Medicine Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Jia-Jun Ye
- Department of Medicine Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangzhou Huadu District People's Hospital China
| | - Zhi-Ping Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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20
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Wu YH, Tseng CK, Wu HC, Wei CK, Lin CK, Chen IS, Chang HS, Lee JC. Avocado (Persea americana) fruit extract (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-yne inhibits dengue virus replication via upregulation of NF-κB-dependent induction of antiviral interferon responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:423. [PMID: 30674997 PMCID: PMC6344542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) caused millions of infections around the world annually. Co-infection with different serotypes of DENV is associated with dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome, leading to an estimate of 50% death rate. No approved therapies are currently available for the treatment of DENV infection. Hence, novel anti-DENV agents are urgently needed for medical therapy. Here we demonstrated that a natural product (2 R,4 R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-yne (THHY), extracted from avocado (Persea americana) fruit, can inhibit DENV-2 replication in a concentration-dependent manner and efficiently suppresses replication of all DENV serotypes (1–4). We further reveal that the NF-κB-mediated interferon antiviral response contributes to the inhibitory effect of THHY on DENV replication. Using a DENV-infected ICR suckling mouse model, we found that THHY treatment caused an increased survival rate among mice infected with DENV. Collectively, these findings support THHY as a potential agent to control DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ku Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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21
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ICR suckling mouse model of Zika virus infection for disease modeling and drug validation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006848. [PMID: 30356305 PMCID: PMC6218097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes diseases ranging from acute self-limiting febrile illness to life-threatening Guillain–Barré Syndrome and other neurological disorders in adults. Cumulative evidence suggests an association between ZIKV infection and microcephaly in newborn infants. Given the host-range restrictions of the virus, a susceptible animal model infected by ZIKV must be developed for evaluation of vaccines and antivirals. In this study, we propose a convenient mouse model for analysis of neurological disorders caused by ZIKV. Methodology Six-day-old immunocompetent ICR suckling mice were used in the experiment. Different inoculum virus concentrations, challenge routes, and challenge times were assessed. Viremic dissemination was determined in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain through Western blot assay, plaque assay, absolute quantification real-time PCR, and histological observation. Azithromycin, a well-characterized anti-ZIKV compound, was used to evaluate the ICR suckling mouse model for antiviral testing. Conclusions Signs of illness and neurological disease and high mortality rate were observed in mice injected with ZIKV intracerebrally (102 to 105) and intraperitoneally (103 to 105). Viremic dissemination was observed in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. ZIKV transmitted, rapid replicated, and induced monocyte infiltration into the brain approximately 5 to 6 days post inoculum. Azithromycin conferred protection against ZIKV-caused neurological and life-threatening diseases. The developed model of ZIKV infection and disease can be used for screening drugs against ZIKV and discovering the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis. Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging threat to human health worldwide. In 2007, a ZIKV outbreak was reported in the Yap Island of Micronesia and was the first outbreak outside Africa and Asia. In 2013 and 2014, another ZIKV outbreak was reported in French Polynesia, and more than 28,800 people were infected by ZIKV. In 2015, the first ZIKV outbreak in America was reported in Brazil; the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported a 20-fold increase in cases of neonatal microcephaly, which was geographically and temporally correlated with the ZIKV outbreak. Recent evidence demonstrated that ZIKV infection leads to severe syndromes, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly in adults and infants, respectively. Thus far, anti-ZIKV drugs and vaccines have not been developed yet. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we propose a small animal model of wild-type ZIKV infection and associated neurological disorders. In the animal model, ZIKV causes signs of illness and neurological disease, potentially emulating the hallmark of ZIKV infection in human. These features can be used to study the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis. The newly developed Zika disease model provides an immunocompetent and time saving framework for development of drugs against ZIKV and ZIKV-caused diseases.
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Uno N, Ross TM. Dengue virus and the host innate immune response. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:167. [PMID: 30301880 PMCID: PMC6177401 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that is endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical countries where the transmission vectors Aedes spp. mosquitoes resides. There are four serotypes of the virus. Each serotype is antigenically different, meaning they elicit heterologous antibodies. Infection with one serotype will create neutralizing antibodies to the serotype. Cross-protection from other serotypes is not long term, instead heterotypic infection can cause severe disease. This review will focus on the innate immune response to DENV infection and the virus evasion of the innate immune system by escaping recognition or inhibiting the production of an antiviral state. Activated innate immune pathways includes type I interferon, complement, apoptosis, and autophagy, which the virus can evade or exploit to exacerbate disease. It is important to understand out how the immune system reacts to infection and how the virus evades immune response in order to develop effective antivirals and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Uno
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Malakar S, Sreelatha L, Dechtawewat T, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Chu JJH, Limjindaporn T. Drug repurposing of quinine as antiviral against dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 255:171-178. [PMID: 30055216 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) disease outbreaks continue to develop across the globe with significant associated mortality and economic burden, yet no treatment has been approved to combat this virus. In an attempt to identify novel drug candidates as therapeutics for DENV infection, we evaluated four US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs including aminolevullic acid, azelaic acid, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, and quinine sulfate, and tested their ability to inhibit DENV replication using focus-forming unit assay to quantify virus production. Of the four investigated compounds, quinine was found to have the most pronounced anti-DENV activity. Quinine inhibited DENV production of DENV by about 80% compared to untreated controls, while the other three drugs decreased virus production by only about 50%. Moreover, quinine inhibited DENV production of all four serotypes of DENV. Reduction in virus production was documented in three different cell lines of human origin. Quinine significantly inhibited DENV replication by reducing DENV RNA and viral protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, quinine ameliorated expression of genes related to innate immune response. These findings suggest the efficacy of quinine for stimulating antiviral genes to reduce DENV replication. The antiviral activity of quinine observed in this study may have applicability in the development of new drug therapies against DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Malakar
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Liji Sreelatha
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Dechtawewat
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Cancer Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Chen HR, Lai YC, Yeh TM. Dengue virus non-structural protein 1: a pathogenic factor, therapeutic target, and vaccine candidate. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:58. [PMID: 30037331 PMCID: PMC6057007 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-transmitted viral infection. DENV infection can cause mild dengue fever or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Hemorrhage and vascular leakage are two characteristic symptoms of DHF/DSS. However, due to the limited understanding of dengue pathogenesis, no satisfactory therapies to treat nor vaccine to prevent dengue infection are available, and the mortality of DHF/DSS is still high. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which can be secreted in patients’ sera, has been used as an early diagnostic marker for dengue infection for many years. However, the roles of NS1 in dengue-induced vascular leakage were described only recently. In this article, the pathogenic roles of DENV NS1 in hemorrhage and vascular leakage are reviewed, and the possibility of using NS1 as a therapeutic target and vaccine candidate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Chen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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25
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Zhang RJ, Hao HY, Liu QJ, Zuo HY, Chang YN, Zhi ZJ, Guo PP, Hao YM. Protective effects of Schisandrin on high glucose-induced changes of RhoA and eNOS activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1324-1329. [PMID: 30031586 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin, derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis, has been found to confer protective effects on circulation systems. But the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high level of glucose on RhoA and eNOS activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) and how Schisandrin plays a role in mediating these effects. To find the optimal treatment time, HUVECs were cultured at a high glucose concentration (30 mM) for different lengths of time (0, 12, 24, and 48 h). Subsequently, the cells were randomized into five groups: a normal group, a high glucose group, and three high glucose groups that were given different doses (5, 10, and 20 μM) of Schisandrin. The cells were pretreated with Schisandrin for 24 h before stimulation with high glucose. The morphology of HUVECs in the various groups was assessed under a light microscope. Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect the level of p-MYPT1 expression. The levels of RhoA activity were determined using the RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit. The levels of eNOS activity were examined using a nitrate reduction test. The results showed that in the high glucose group, the activity of RhoA was increased and the activity of eNOS was reduced, thus decreasing the secretion of NO. However, after pretreatment with Schisandrin (10, 20 μM), the activity of RhoA was inhibited and the activity of eNOS increased, which led to an increase in NO production compared with the high glucose group. There was no evident difference between the 5 μM Schisandrin group and the high glucose group. Taken together, these findings indicate that Schisandrin can improve the function of endothelial cells by lowering the activity of RhoA/Rho kinase and raising both the activity of eNOS and the production of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yao Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Juan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ye Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Na Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ji Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Peng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Lee JC, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Tseng CH. Discovery of novel diarylpyrazolylquinoline derivatives as potent anti-dengue virus agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tseng CK, Hsu SP, Lin CK, Wu YH, Lee JC, Young KC. Celastrol inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by upregulating heme oxygenase-1 via the JNK MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in human hepatoma cells. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:191-200. [PMID: 28935193 PMCID: PMC7113881 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
background and purpose Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene isolated from the root extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii, can greatly induce the gene expression activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to achieve disease prevention and control. HO-1 induction was recently shown to result in anti-HCV activity by inducing type I interferon and inhibiting hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease activity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-HCV activity of celastrol and characterize its mechanism of inhibition. Methods The anti-HCV activity of celastrol was evaluated using the HCV subgenomic replicon and HCVcc infection systems. The anti-HCV mechanism of celastrol targeting HO-1 expression was clarified using specific inhibitors against several signaling pathways. The transcriptional regulation of celastrol on target gene expression was determined using promoter-based reporter activity assay. The synergistic effect of celastrol and a numbers of clinically used anti-HCV drugs was determined via a drug combination assay. Results Celastrol inhibited HCV replication in both the HCV subgenomic and HCVcc infection systems with EC50 values of 0.37 ± 0.022 and 0.43 ± 0.019 μM, respectively. Celastrol-induced heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression promoted antiviral interferon responses and inhibition of NS3/4A protease activity, thereby blocking HCV replication. These antiviral effects were abrogated by treatment with the HO-1-specific inhibitor SnMP or silencing of HO-1 expression by transfection of shRNA, which indicates that HO-1 induction contributes to the anti-HCV activity of celastrol. JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were confirmed to be involved in the inductive effect of celastrol on HO-1 expression. Celastrol exhibited synergistic effects in combination with interferon-alpha, the NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir, and the NS5B inhibitor sofosbuvir. Conclusion Celastrol can serve as a potential supplement for blocking HCV replication. Targeting the JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 axis presents a promising strategy against HCV infection. Celastrol inhibits HCV replication. Celastrol induces HO-1 production. Celastrol induces interferon-α production and inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease. Celastrol synergistically inhibits HCV replication in combination with IFN-α, sofosbuvir or daclatasvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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