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Kirdat K, Tiwarekar B, Manjula KN, Padma S, Sathe S, Sundararaj R, Yadav A. Draft genome sequence of ' Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris,' strain SW86 associated with sandal spike disease (SSD). 3 Biotech 2024; 14:109. [PMID: 38481824 PMCID: PMC10928027 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The sandal spike disease (SSD), related to 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' (Aster Yellows group), poses a significant threat to Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.), making it the second most expensive wood globally due to declining population density. The epidemiology of SSD and the nature of the pathogen remain poorly understood. The SW86 isolate, collected from the Marayoor Sandalwood Reserve, was chosen for genome sequencing subsequent to confirming its titer and enriching phytoplasma DNA. Genome sequencing, utilizing Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology platforms, enabled a targeted hybrid metagenomic assembly resulting in 20 scaffolds totaling 554,025 bp, housing 436 protein-coding genes, 27 tRNA, and 1 rRNA operon. The genome analysis highlighted specific gene distributions, emphasizing translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis, with 352 genes assigned to 18 functional categories. Additionally, 322 proteins received functional assignments in the KEGG database, emphasizing 'Genetic Information Processing' and 'Environmental Information Processing'. Key potential pathogenicity factors, including signal peptide proteins and virulence proteins, were identified. Noteworthy findings include homologs of effectors genes like SAP11 and SAP05 and pathogenesis-related proteins, such as hemolysin III and SodA genes, in the SW86 genome. The duplicated cation-transporting P-type ATPase in the SW86 genome suggests a role in enhancing adaptability and contributing to the severity of SSD symptoms. This genome analysis provides crucial insights into the genomic features and potential virulence factors of 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' strain SW86, advancing our understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms and offering avenues for future disease management strategies in Indian sandalwood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03952-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kirdat
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India
- Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra 413102 India
| | - Bhavesh Tiwarekar
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India
| | - K. N. Manjula
- Forest Protection Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 18th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore, 560003 India
| | - S. Padma
- Forest Protection Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 18th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore, 560003 India
| | - Shivaji Sathe
- Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra 413102 India
| | - R. Sundararaj
- Forest Protection Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 18th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore, 560003 India
| | - Amit Yadav
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India
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Bhagat N, Mansotra R, Patel K, Ambardar S, Vakhlu J. Molecular warfare between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum R1 and host Crocus sativus L. unraveled by dual transcriptomics. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:42. [PMID: 38246927 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways in saffron and cell wall degrading enzymes in Fusarium oxysporum R1 are key players involved in the interaction. Fusarium oxysporum causes corm rot in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is one of the most devastating fungal diseases impacting saffron yield globally. Though the corm rot agent and its symptoms are known widely, little is known about the defense mechanism of saffron in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection at molecular level. Therefore, the current study reports saffron-Fusarium oxysporum R1 (Fox R1) interaction at the molecular level using dual a transcriptomics approach. The results indicated the activation of various defense related pathways such as the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), plant-hormone signaling pathways, plant-pathogen interaction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and PR protein synthesis in the host during the interaction. The activation of pathways is involved in the hypersensitive response, production of various secondary metabolites, strengthening of the host cell wall, systemic acquired resistance etc. Concurrently, in the pathogen, 60 genes reported to be linked to pathogenicity and virulence has been identified during the invasion. The expression of genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes, various transcription factors and effector proteins indicated the strong pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum R1. Based on the results obtained, the putative molecular mechanism of the saffron-Fox R1 interaction was identified. As saffron is a male sterile plant, and can only be improved by genetic manipulation, this work will serve as a foundation for identifying genes that can be used to create saffron varieties, resistant to Fusarium oxysporum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bhagat
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Ritika Mansotra
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Karan Patel
- DNA Xperts Private Limited, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Jyoti Vakhlu
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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Rana A, Malik AA, Tripathi SB, Kumar A. Novel SNP based analysis of genetic diversity in Polygonatum verticillatum Linn . across Indian Himalayas. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:242. [PMID: 37346388 PMCID: PMC10279605 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum verticillatum Linn. is an endangered medicinal herb from Himalayas whose rhizomes have recently been used to curate symptoms of COVID-19. During present investigation, a gene bank of P. verticillatum was established at High Altitude Herbal Garden of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun at Chakrata, at 2600 m amsl with germplasm collected from different states and union territory of India including Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir covering a wide range of geographical locations from an altitude of 1800 to 3600 m amsl. Genotyping by sequencing was applied to a set of 66 accessions of P. verticillatum to identify genome-wide high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for analysis of genetic diversity. Neighbour-joining tree created from the distance matrix data grouped the genotypes into five distinct clusters. The results of principal coordinate analysis and Cluster analysis overlapped to identify Narkanda, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) and Sunil village, Chamoli (Uttarakhand) as the regions with undisturbed, highly diverse natural populations of P. verticillatum. The species displayed little congruence in terms of genetic similarities with altitudinal range. This investigation is first of its kind on generation and utilization of SNPs to analyse genetic diversity in P. verticillatum with a very vivid sample collection across the entire Himalayan range in India. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03654-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Rana
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 195 India
| | - Anoop Anand Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070 India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 195 India
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Altamish M, Khan M, Baig MS, Pathak B, Rani V, Akhtar J, Khan AA, Ahmad S, Krishnan A. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants against Dengue Infection: A Mechanistic Viewpoint. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24048-24065. [PMID: 35874231 PMCID: PMC9301714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a tropical disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV), a positive-sense, single stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The occurrence of dengue has grown dramatically around the globe in recent decades, and it is rapidly becoming a global burden. Furthermore, all four DENV serotypes cocirculate and create a problematic hyperendemic situation. Characteristic symptoms range from being asymptomatic, dengue fever to life-threatening complications such as hemorrhagic fever and shock. Apart from the inherent virulence of the virus strain, a dysregulated host immune response makes the condition worse. Currently, there is no highly recommended vaccine or therapeutic agent against dengue. With the advent of virus strains resistant to antiviral agents, there is a constant need for new therapies to be developed. Since time immemorial, human civilization has utilized plants in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including infectious viral diseases. With the advancement in molecular biology, cell biology techniques, and bioinformatics, recent studies have tried to provide scientific evidence and determine the mechanism of anti-dengue activity of various plant extracts and plant-derived agents. The current Review consolidates the studies on the last 20 years of in vitro and in vivo experiments on the ethnomedicinal plants used against the dengue virus. Several active phytoconstituents like quercetin, castanospermine, α-mangostin, schisandrin-A, hirsutin have been found to be promising to inhibition of all the four DENV serotypes. However, novel therapeutics need to be reassessed in relevant cells using high-throughput techniques. Further, in vivo dose optimization for the immunomodulatory and antiviral activity should be examined on a vast sample size. Such a Review should help take the knowledge forward, validate it, and use medicinal plants in different combinations targeting multiple stages of virus infection for more effective multipronged therapy against dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Altamish
- Department
of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Muzayyana Khan
- Bioactive
Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mirza Sarwar Baig
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences &
Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 India
| | - Bharti Pathak
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences &
Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 India
| | - Veena Rani
- Department
of SciencesIndira Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU), New Delhi, 110068, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Central
Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government
of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - A. Ali Khan
- Central
Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government
of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive
Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences &
Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 India
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Borah N, Kalita AJ, Guha AK, Das MR, Tamuly C. Dual colorimetric sensing of ascorbic acid and thyroxine using Ag-EGCG-CTAB via a DFT approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36698-36706. [PMID: 35494345 PMCID: PMC9043532 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a colorimetric approach for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and thyroxine (TH) was developed by synthesizing cost-effective silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and CTAB. EGCG is the major bioactive chemical constituent that played a significant role in this study. The environment around the nanoparticle (NP) was controlled by adding CTAB surfactants. The synthesized NPs were characterized by different advanced techniques including XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM. UV-visible spectra were thoroughly analyzed for sensing of AA and TH and the colour change of the solution can be visually monitored. The change in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties was used as an asset for the detection of AA and TH. A good linear relationship was obtained in both the sensing schemes with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.67 μM and 0.33 μM for AA and TH respectively. Furthermore, the nanoparticles (NP) were implemented for real-sample analysis (pharmaceutical tablets). A cost-effective filter paper strip-based method coupled with smartphone scanning sensing was developed for the detection of AA. The interaction of AA and TH with the probe was depicted by a density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The synthesized NPs show tremendous selectivity towards AA and TH and excellent potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirangkush Borah
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Branch Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh-791110 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | | | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University Guwahati Assam-781001 India
| | - Manash R Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
- Material Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat Assam-785006 India
| | - Chandan Tamuly
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Branch Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh-791110 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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Unnikrishnan R, Sumod M, Jayaraj R, Sujanapal P, Dev SA. The efficacy of machine learning algorithm for raw drug authentication in Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. employing a DNA barcode database. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:605-617. [PMID: 33854287 PMCID: PMC7981360 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a valuable resource for traditional as well as modern medicine. Consequently huge demand has exerted a heavy strain on the existing natural resources. Due to over exploitation and unscientific collection most of the commercially traded ayurvedic plants are in the phase of depletion. Adulteration of expensive raw drugs with inferior taxa has become a common practice to meet the annual demand of the ayurvedic industry. Although there are several recommended methods for proper identification varying from the traditional taxonomic to organoleptic and physiochemical, it is difficult to authenticate ayurvedic raw drugs available in extremely dried, powdered or shredded forms. In this regard, the study addresses proper authentication and illicit trade in Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. using CBOL recommended standard barcode regions viz. nuclear ribosomal-Internally Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA- ITS), maturase K (matK), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL), and psbA-trnH spacer regions. Further, an integrated analytical approach employing Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree and Machine Learning Approach, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis was employed to prove efficacy of the method. The automated species identification technique, Artificial Intelligence uses the ability of computers to build models that can receive the input data and then conduct statistical analyses which significantly reduces the human labour. Concurrently, scientific management, restoration, cultivation and conservation measures should be given utmost priority to reduce the depletion of wild resources as well as to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the herbal industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Unnikrishnan
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala India
| | - M. Sumod
- Sustainable Forest Management Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - R. Jayaraj
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - P. Sujanapal
- Sustainable Forest Management Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
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Kumar A, Aswal S, Chauhan A, Semwal RB, Kumar A, Semwal DK. Ethnomedicinal Investigation of Medicinal Plants of Chakrata Region (Uttarakhand) Used in the Traditional Medicine for Diabetes by Jaunsari Tribe. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2019; 9:175-200. [PMID: 30968350 PMCID: PMC6538708 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Himalayan region is the treasure house of natural wealth, particularly of medicinal and aromatic plants. These plants are used by the Indian traditional healers for the past many centuries to treat various ailments such as skin disorders, asthma, diabetes, snake bite, fever, pain, eye diseases, diarrhoea, indigestion, jaundice, burn, wound, liver disorder, CNS disorders and urinary tract infection. The indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants and therapies of various local communities has been lost due to changes in traditional culture and the introduction of modern technologies. Therefore, it is essential to explore the traditional knowledge of the indigenous medicinal plants mainly in such areas where there is a severe threat to natural vegetation owing to human inhabitation. The present study aimed to explore the medicinal plants of Chakrata region (Jaunsar-Bawar Hills), Uttarakhand, India used in the folk medicine for the management of diabetes by Jaunsari Tribe. In a comprehensive field survey, the information about the medicinal plants have been mainly collected from the traditional healers and other elderly people belong to the tribal community. All the information about the medicinal plants of the study area was documented in a field book. Various tools have been used to collect the samples for identification purpose and the authentication of the plants was done with the help of taxonomists. The literature on these plants was also searched from online (PubMed and Scopus) as well as from some textbooks and Ayurvedic classical texts. The present survey-based work described a total of 54 plants belonging to 47 genera and 30 families used in the traditional medicine for the management of diabetes in Chakrata region. The information gathered from the local community revealed that the plants are effective in diabetes and one can use most of them without consulting a practitioner or traditional healer. The literature revealed that most of the surveyed plants are already used in the preparation of various antidiabetic formulations such as Chandraprabha vati, Nishamalaki chunra, Amritamehari churna and Nisakathakadi kashayam along with various patent drugs which are frequently prescribed by the Ayurvedic practitioners in India. The present study explored the traditional as well as scientific knowledge on the antidiabetic plants used by the tribal community. The documented information on these plants can be further used by the scientific community to develop new drugs/formulations with the help of modern techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sonali Aswal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249201, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar
- Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India.
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