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Singh P, Srivastava A, Guin D, Thakran S, Yadav J, Chandna P, Sood M, Chadda RK, Kukreti R. Genetic Landscape of Major Depressive Disorder: Assessment of Potential Diagnostic and Antidepressant Response Markers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:692-738. [PMID: 36655406 PMCID: PMC10586057 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical heterogeneity in major depressive disorder (MDD), variable treatment response, and conflicting findings limit the ability of genomics toward the discovery of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment regimen. This study attempts to curate all genetic association findings to evaluate potential variants for clinical translation. METHODS We systematically reviewed all candidates and genome-wide association studies for both MDD susceptibility and antidepressant response, independently, using MEDLINE, particularly to identify replicated findings. These variants were evaluated for functional consequences using different in silico tools and further estimated their diagnostic predictability by calculating positive predictive values. RESULTS A total of 217 significantly associated studies comprising 1200 variants across 545 genes and 128 studies including 921 variants across 412 genes were included with MDD susceptibility and antidepressant response, respectively. Although the majority of associations were confirmed by a single study, we identified 31 and 18 replicated variants (in at least 2 studies) for MDD and antidepressant response. Functional annotation of these 31 variants predicted 20% coding variants as deleterious/damaging and 80.6% variants with regulatory effect. Similarly, the response-related 18 variants revealed 25% coding variant as damaging and 88.2% with substantial regulatory potential. Finally, we could calculate the diagnostic predictability of 19 and 5 variants whose positive predictive values ranges from 0.49 to 0.66 for MDD and 0.36 to 0.66 for response. CONCLUSIONS The replicated variants presented in our data are promising for disease diagnosis and improved response outcomes. Although these quantitative assessment measures are solely directive of available observational evidence, robust homogenous validation studies are required to strengthen these variants for molecular diagnostic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Chandna
- Indian Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ISCCP), Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ancelin M, Jaussent I, Ritchie K, Besset A, Ryan J, Dauvilliers Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants and promoter I methylation are associated with prolonged nocturnal awakenings in older adults. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13838. [PMID: 36737401 PMCID: PMC10909562 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for sleep physiology. This study investigates whether BDNF variants and promoter I methylation may be implicated in sleep disturbances in older adults. Genotyping was performed for seven BDNF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 355 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) and BDNF exon 1 promoter methylation was measured in blood samples at baseline (n = 153). Self-reported daytime sleepiness and insomnia, ambulatory polysomnography measures of sleep continuity and architecture, and psychotropic drug intake were assayed during follow-up. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, body mass index, and psychotropic drug intake. Associations were found specifically between wake time after sleep onset (WASO) and four SNPs in the participants not taking psychotropic drugs, whereas in those taking drugs, the associations were either not significant (rs6265 and rs7103411) or in the reverse direction (rs11030101 and rs28722151). Higher BDNF methylation levels were found at most CpG units in those with long WASO and this varied according to psychotropic drug use. The reference group with short WASO not taking drugs showed the lowest methylation levels and the group with long WASO taking treatment, the highest levels. Some SNPs also modified the associations, the participants carrying the low-risk genotype having the lower methylation levels. This genetic and epigenetic study demonstrated blood BDNF promoter methylation to be a potential biomarker of prolonged nocturnal awakenings in older people. Our results suggest the modifying effect of psychotropic drugs and BDNF genetic variants in the associations between methylation and WASO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Ritchie
- INM, INSERMUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut du Cerveau TrocadéroParisFrance
| | | | - Joanne Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- INM, INSERMUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Sleep‐Wake Disorders UnitDepartment of Neurology, Gui‐de‐Chauliac HospitalCHU MontpellierFrance
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3
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Wang SC, Yokoyama JS, Tzeng NS, Tsai CF, Liu MN. Treatment resistant depression in elderly. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 281:25-53. [PMID: 37806715 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment refractory depression (TRD) in the elderly is a common psychiatric disorder with high comorbidity and mortality. Older adults with TRD often have complicated comorbidities and several predisposing risk factors, which may lead to neuropsychiatric dysfunction and poor response to treatment. Several hypotheses suggest the underlying mechanisms, including vascular, immunological, senescence, or abnormal protein deposition. Treatment strategies for TRD include optimization of current medication dose, augmentation, switching to an alternative agent or class, and combination of different antidepressant classes, as well as nonpharmacological adjuvant interventions such as biophysical stimulation and psychotherapy. In summary, treatment recommendations for TRD in the elderly favor a multimodal approach, combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chiang Wang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Gong S, Deng F. Renin-angiotensin system: The underlying mechanisms and promising therapeutical target for depression and anxiety. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1053136. [PMID: 36761172 PMCID: PMC9902382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional disorders, including depression and anxiety, contribute considerably to morbidity across the world. Depression is a serious condition and is projected to be the top contributor to the global burden of disease by 2030. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in hypertension and emotional disorders is well established. Evidence points to an association between elevated RAS activity and depression and anxiety, partly through the induction of neuroinflammation, stress, and oxidative stress. Therefore, blocking the RAS provides a theoretical basis for future treatment of anxiety and depression. The evidence for the positive effects of RAS blockers on depression and anxiety is reviewed, aiming to provide a promising target for novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for improving the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression, which independent of blood pressure management.
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Sapsford TP, Johnson SR, Headrick JP, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Sarfaraz M, Stapelberg NJC. Forgetful, sad and old: Do vascular cognitive impairment and depression share a common pre-disease network and how is it impacted by ageing? J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:611-627. [PMID: 36372004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and depression frequently coexist in geriatric populations and reciprocally increase disease risks. We assert that a shared pre-disease state of the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network model mechanistically explains bidirectional associations between VCI and depression. Five pathophysiological sub-networks are identified that are shared by VCI and depression: neuroinflammation, kynurenine pathway imbalance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity, impaired neurotrophic support and cerebrovascular dysfunction. These do not act independently, and their complex interactions necessitate a systems biology approach to better define disease pathogenesis. The PINE network is already established in the context of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as depression, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We build on previous literature to specifically explore mechanistic links between MDD and VCI in the context of PINE pathways and discuss key mechanistic commonalities linking these comorbid conditions and identify a common pre-disease state which precedes transition to VCI and MDD. We expand the model to incorporate bidirectional interactions with biological ageing. Diathesis factors for both VCI and depression feed into this network and the culmination of shared mechanisms (on an ageing substrate) lead to a critical network transition to one or both disease states. A common pre-disease state underlying VCI and depression can provide clinicians a unique opportunity for early risk assessment and intervention in disease development. Establishing the mechanistic elements and systems biology of this network can reveal early warning or predictive biomarkers together with novel therapeutic targets. Integrative studies are recommended to elucidate the dynamic networked biology of VCI and depression over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Sapsford
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susannah R Johnson
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Muhammad Sarfaraz
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Carnovale C, Perrotta C, Baldelli S, Cattaneo D, Montrasio C, Barbieri SS, Pompilio G, Vantaggiato C, Clementi E, Pozzi M. Antihypertensive drugs and brain function: mechanisms underlying therapeutically beneficial and harmful neuropsychiatric effects. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:647-667. [PMID: 35895876 PMCID: PMC10153433 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between hypertension and psychiatric disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, and dementia/cognitive decline. Repurposing of antihypertensive drugs to treat mental disorders is thus being explored. A systematic knowledge of the mechanisms of action and clinical consequences of the use of antihypertensive agents on neuropsychiatric functions has not been achieved yet. In this article, we review the putative role of antihypertensive agents in psychiatric disorders, discuss the targets and mechanisms of action, and examine how and to what extent specific drug classes/molecules may trigger, worsen, or mitigate psychiatric symptoms. In addition, we review pharmacokinetics (brain penetration of drugs) and pharmacogenetics data that add important information to assess risks and benefits of antihypertensive drugs in neuropsychiatric settings. The scientific literature shows robust evidence of a positive effect of α1 blockers on PTSD symptoms, nightmares and sleep quality, α2 agonists on core symptoms, executive function and quality of life in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, PTSD, Tourette's syndrome, and β blockers on anxiety, aggression, working memory, and social communication. Renin-angiotensin system modulators exert protective effects on cognition, depression, and anxiety, and the loop diuretic bumetanide reduced the core symptoms of autism in a subset of patients. There is no evidence of clear benefits of calcium channel blockers in mood disorders in the scientific literature. These findings are mainly from preclinical studies; clinical data are still insufficient or of anecdotal nature, and seldom systematic. The information herewith provided can support a better therapeutic approach to hypertension, tailored to patients with, or with high susceptibility to, psychiatric illness. It may prompt clinical studies exploring the potential benefit of antihypertensive drugs in selected patients with neuropsychiatric comorbidities that include outcomes of neuropsychiatric interest and specifically assess undesirable effects or interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Cattaneo
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Montrasio
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia S Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart axis: cellular and molecular mechanisms - Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Clementi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
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7
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Akbari M, Eghtedarian R, Hussen BM, Eslami S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and risk of psychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:351. [PMID: 35606706 PMCID: PMC9128292 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as an important enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system facilitates biogenesis of the functionally active product angiotensin II from angiotensin I. ACE gene contains a number of functional polymorphisms which modulate activity of the encoded protein. In the current case-control study, we appraised the association between the rs4359 and rs1799752 polymorphisms and risk of bipolar disorder (type I and type II; BPDI and BPDII), schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The rs4359 was associated with risk of OCD, BPDI and BPDII in co-dominant and dominant models. The rs1799752 was associated with all assessed psychiatric conditions in four inheritance models except for BPDII whose association was not significant in recessive model. The I allele of rs1799752 was associated with OCD (adjusted FDR q-Value = 4.04E-04), SCZ (adjusted FDR q-Value = 6.00E-06), BPDI (adjusted FDR q-Value = 8.40E-03) and BPDII (adjusted FDR q-Value = 6.00E-06). The effective T allele of rs4359 showed a significant association with disease risk for BPDII group. The estimated haplotypes of these polymorphisms have been distributed differently among patients and controls. Taken together, ACE polymorphisms can be regarded as risk factors for a variety of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadarian Akbari
- grid.411600.2Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Eghtedarian
- grid.411600.2Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- grid.412012.40000 0004 0417 5553Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Solat Eslami
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bartakova J, Deissova T, Slezakova S, Bartova J, Petanova J, Kuklinek P, Fassmann A, Borilova Linhartova P, Dušek L, Izakovicova Holla L. Association of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the Czech population: case–control study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:80. [PMID: 35305614 PMCID: PMC8933959 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is multifactorial disease with unclear etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine distribution of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and their influence on RAS susceptibility in Czech population.
Methods The study included 230 subjects (143 healthy controls and 87 patients with RAS) with anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data. Five ACE gene polymorphisms (rs4291/rs4305/rs4311/rs4331/rs1799752 = ACE I/D) were determined by TaqMan technique.
Results The allele and genotype distributions of the studied ACE I/D polymorphisms were not significantly different between subjects with/without RAS (Pcorr > 0.05). However, carriers of II genotype were less frequent in the RAS group (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.21–1.12, P = 0.059). Stratified analysis by sex demonstrated lower frequency of II genotype in women (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.09–1.17, P < 0.035, Pcorr > 0.05, respectively) than in men with RAS (P > 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of AGTGD haplotype was significantly increased in RAS patients (OR = 13.74, 95% CI = 1.70–110.79, P = 0.0012, Pcorr < 0.05). In subanalysis, TGD haplotype was significantly more frequent in RAS patients (P < 0.00001) and CGI haplotype was less frequent in RAS patients (P < 0.01), especially in women (P = 0.016, Pcorr > 0.05). Conclusions Our study indicates that while the AGTGD and TGD haplotypes are associated with increased risk of RAS development, CGI haplotype might be one of protective factors against RAS susceptibility in Czech population.
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Alexopoulos GS. Mechanisms and Treatment of Late-Life Depression. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2021; 19:340-354. [PMID: 34690604 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.19304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
(Appeared originally in Translational Psychiatry 2019; 9:188).
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Alexopoulos
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. Steroid 21-hydroxylase gene variants and late-life depression. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:203. [PMID: 34034803 PMCID: PMC8147346 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A feature of late-life depression is alterations of the stress hormone system. The CYP21A2 gene encodes for the steroid 21-hydroxylase enzyme which is required for the biosynthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, two main components of the stress response in humans. Variants in the CYP21A2 gene could influence risk of late-life depression, but this has not been examined. This study investigated possible associations between five variants in the CYP21A2 gene and late-life depression in 1007 older community-dwelling men and women. Results In multivariate logistic regression model, significant associations were found between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs389883, rs437179, and rs630379) and depression in women specifically (OR ranging from 1.51 to 1.68, p-values 0.025 to 0.0045), and the two latter remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Variants of the CYP21A2 gene appear as susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner, independently of somatic and neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05616-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Ritchie
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Joanne Ryan
- Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Comparison of inflammatory, nutrient, and neurohormonal indicators in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:401-408. [PMID: 33765452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are severe, debilitating conditions with unknown etiology and are commonly misdiagnosed, when based solely on clinical interviews, because of overlapping symptoms and similar familial patterns. Until now, no valid and objective biomarkers have been used to diagnose and differentiate between psychiatric disorders. We compared clinically tested serum indicators in terms of inflammation (C-reactive protein, complement proteins C3 and C4, and serum Immunoglobulins A, M, and G), nutrients (homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12), and neurohormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol) in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 1659), bipolar disorder (BD, n = 1901), and major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 1521) to investigate potential biomarkers. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic potential of these analytes. We found that compared with MDD, serum levels of C-reactive protein, C3, C4, and homocysteine were higher in SCZ and BD groups, and folate and vitamin B12 were lower in SCZ and BD groups. In contrast with BD, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol increased in patients with MDD. Although ROC analysis suggested that they were not able to effectively distinguish between the three, these biological indicators showed different patterns in the three disorders. As such, more specific biomarkers should be explored in the future.
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12
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. 11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) gene variants and new-onset depression in later life. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E147-E153. [PMID: 33245660 PMCID: PMC7955840 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to high glucocorticoid levels is detrimental for the brain and may have particular implications in later life. A feature of late-life depression is increased cortisol secretion. Variants in the CYP11B1 gene, which codes for the enzyme responsible for cortisol synthesis, could influence risk of late-life depression, but this hypothesis has not been examined. We investigated the associations between variants in the CYP11B1 gene and late-life depression, taking into account history of depression and potential sex-specific effects. METHODS We assessed depression in 1007 community-dwellers aged 65 years or older (60% women) at baseline and over a 14-year follow-up. A clinical level of depression was defined as a score of ≥ 16 on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). We examined incident and recurrent depression in participants without or with a history of major depression, respectively. We genotyped 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning CYP11B1. We used multivariable analyses to adjust for age, body mass index, cardiovascular ischemic pathologies, hypertension, cognitive impairment and anxiety. RESULTS In women, rs6471580 and rs7016924 were associated with a 50% lower rate of incident (new-onset) late-life depression, and rs11783855 was associated with a 2.4-fold higher rate of late-life depression. These associations remained after correction for multiple testing, but we found no associations for recurrent depression in women or men. LIMITATIONS This study focused on the major gene involved in corticosteroid biosynthesis, but other genes may also be implicated in this pathway. CONCLUSION Variants of the CYP11B1 gene appear to be susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanna Norton
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Karen Ritchie
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review was to analyze COVID-19 effect on the biological features of suicidal vulnerability and its interaction with suicide-related biological pathways. We carried out a narrative review of international publications on the interactions of COVID-19 with the biological bases of suicide. RECENT FINDINGS We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 interacts with multiple biological processes that underlie suicidal behavior, such as the renin-angiotensin system, nicotinic receptors, and central and systemic inflammation. Social distancing measures may also worsen subjective or objective social disconnection, thus increasing the risk of suicide. Interestingly, the drugs used to prevent suicide could be promising options to counteract brain damage caused by this coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with multiple biological pathways involved in suicide and opens a new window for understanding the suicidal process. The development of suicide prevention treatments in the context of a pandemic may benefit from knowledge on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Conejero
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - B Nobile
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Olié
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Ph Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
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14
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Park HS, You MJ, Yang B, Jang KB, Yoo J, Choi HJ, Lee SH, Bang M, Kwon MS. Chronically infused angiotensin II induces depressive-like behavior via microglia activation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22082. [PMID: 33328497 PMCID: PMC7744531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain inflammation is one of hypotheses explaining complex pathomechanisms of depression. Angiotensin II (ANGII), which is associated with hypertension, also induces brain inflammation. However, there is no animal study showing the direct relationship between ANGII and depression. To address this issue, ANGII-containing osmotic pumps were implanted into adult male C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously for subacute (7 days) and chronic (at least 21 days) periods and behavioral and molecular analyses were conducted. Chronic infusion of ANGII into mice induced depressive-like behaviors, including the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, which were reversed by imipramine. Chronic infusion of ANGII also induced microglial activation in the hippocampus with increase of Il-1β mRNA and decrease of Arg1 mRNA. In addition, chronic ANGII infusion activated the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) and resulted in decreased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor level. However, subacute ANGII infusion did not induce significant molecular and behavioral changes in mice compared to that of control. The molecular and behavioral changes by chronic ANGII infusion were reversed by co-treatment of minocycline or telmisartan. In addition, ANGII treatment also induced the pro-inflammatory changes in BV-2 microglial cells. Our results indicate that ANGII can induce depressive-like behaviors via microglial activation in the hippocampus and HPA axis hyperactivation in mice. These might suggest possible mechanism on depressive symptom in chronic hypertensive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung You
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Beom Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Fransquet PD, Ritchie K, Januar V, Saffery R, Ancelin ML, Ryan J. Is Peripheral BDNF Promoter Methylation a Preclinical Biomarker of Dementia? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:645-655. [PMID: 31839607 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in dementia. Preliminary evidence suggests that BDNF DNA methylation may be a diagnostic biomarker of dementia, but the potential pre-clinical utility remains unclear. Participants in the ESPRIT study were assessed for cognitive function and dementia (DSM-IV criteria) over 14 years. BDNF exon 1 promoter methylation was measured in blood at baseline (n = 769) and buccal samples during follow-up (n = 1062). Genotyping was carried out for several common BDNF SNPs, including Val66Met (rs6265) and APOE ɛ4. Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the association between BDNF methylation and both prevalent and incident dementia. Adjustment for gender, age, education, APOEɛ4 genotype, body mass index, depression, and type 2 diabetes, as well as possible effect modification by gender and genetic variation were also investigated. Weak evidence of an association between lower blood methylation and dementia was observed at one of 11 sites investigated (Δ-0.5%, 95% CI:-0.9,-0.04, p = 0.03, p = 0.22 adjusted for multiple comparisons). Buccal methylation at two other sites was associated with 14-year incident dementia cases prior to adjustment for multiple comparisons only, and the effect sizes were small (Δ+0.3%, OR:1.57, SE:0.30, p = 0.02, p = 0.14 adjusted and Δ-1.5%, OR:0.85, SE:0.06, p = 0.03, p = 0.14 adjusted). Genetic variation in the BDNF gene did not modify these associations, and no gender-specific effects were observed. There was only a weak correlation between blood and buccal BDNF log-methylation at two sites (both r=-0.11). There was no strong evidence that blood or buccal BDNF exon 1 promoter DNA methylation is associated with prevalent or incident dementia, and reported associations would not remain after adjustment for multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Fransquet
- Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm U1061, Hospital La Colombiere & University Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vania Januar
- Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm U1061, Hospital La Colombiere & University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Inserm U1061, Hospital La Colombiere & University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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16
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Chrissobolis S, Luu AN, Waldschmidt RA, Yoakum ME, D'Souza MS. Targeting the renin angiotensin system for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173063. [PMID: 33115635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotional disorders like anxiety and depression are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality all over the world. Several antidepressant and anxiolytic medications are available for the treatment of anxiety and depression. However, a significant number of patients either do not respond to these medications or respond inadequately. Hence, there is a need to identify novel targets for the treatment of anxiety and depression. In this review we focus on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) as a potential target for the treatment of these disorders. We review work that has evaluated the effects of various compounds targeting the RAS on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Further, we suggest future work that must be carried out to fully exploit the RAS for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The RAS provides an attractive target for both the identification of novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for enhancing the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophocles Chrissobolis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Anh N Luu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Ryan A Waldschmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Madison E Yoakum
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America.
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17
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Canonico M, Scarabin PY, Ritchie K, Ryan J. Aromatase (CYP19A1) gene variants, sex steroid levels, and late-life depression. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:146-155. [PMID: 31730745 DOI: 10.1002/da.22974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in psychiatric disorders are common and could involve sex steroids. Aromatase, the product of the CYP19A1 gene, is the key enzyme in the conversion of androgen to estrogen. Whether CYP19A1 variants could be associated with depression differently in men and women has not been examined. METHODS This population-based study included 405 men and 602 women aged ≥65 years. A clinical level of depression (DEP) was defined as having a score ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to DSM-IV criteria. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the CYP19A1 gene were genotyped and circulating levels of estradiol and testosterone were determined. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, ischemic pathologies, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. RESULTS Five SNPs were associated with DEP in women specifically and this varied according to a history of major depression (p-values .01 to .0005). Three SNPs were associated with an increased risk of late-life DEP in women without a history of major depression, while two SNPs were associated with a decreased DEP risk in women with a history of major depression and were also associated with higher estradiol levels. CONCLUSIONS Variants of the CYP19A1 gene appear to be susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner. The polymorphisms decreasing the risk of recurrent depression in postmenopausal women also influence estradiol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Norton
- Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Canonico
- Centre for Research Epidemiology and Population Health, UVSQ, Inserm, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-South University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Scarabin
- Centre for Research Epidemiology and Population Health, UVSQ, Inserm, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-South University, Villejuif, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Expression alteration of microRNAs in Nucleus Accumbens is associated with chronic stress and antidepressant treatment in rats. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:271. [PMID: 31856805 PMCID: PMC6921443 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) is a vital brain region for the process of reward and stress, whereas microRNA plays a crucial role in depression pathology. However, the abnormality of NAc miRNA expression during the stress-induced depression and antidepressant treatment, as well as its biological significance, are still unknown. METHODS We performed the small RNA-sequencing in NAc of rats from three groups: control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and CUMS with an antidepressant, Escitalopram. We applied an integrative pipeline for analyzing the miRNA expression alternation in different model groups, including differential expression analysis, co-expression analysis, as well as a subsequent pathway/network analysis to discover both miRNA alteration pattern and its biological significance. RESULT A total of 423 miRNAs were included in analysis.18/8 differential expressing (DE) miRNA (adjusted p < 0.05, |log2FC| > 1) were observed in controls Vs. depression/depression Vs. treatment, 2 of which are overlapping. 78% (14/18) of these miRNAs showed opposite trends of alteration in stress and treatment. Two micro RNA, miR-10b-5p and miR-214-3p, appeared to be hubs in the regulation networks and also among the top findings in both differential analyses. Using co-expression analysis, we found a functional module that strongly correlated with stress (R = 0.96, P = 0.003), and another functional module with a moderate correlation with anhedonia (R = 0.89, P = 0.02). We also found that predicted targets of these miRNAs were significantly enriched in the Ras signaling pathway, which is associated with both depression, anhedonia, and antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSION Escitalopram treatment can significantly reverse NAc miRNA abnormality induced by chronic stress. However, the novel miRNA alteration that is absent in stress pathology also emerges, which means that antidepressant treatment is unlikely to bring miRNA expression back to the same level as the controls. Also, the Ras-signaling pathway may be involved in explaining the depression disease etiology, the clinical symptom, and treatment response of stress-induced depression.
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19
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Feng G, Kang C, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Xu L, Zhou F, Fan X, Yang J. Neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with untreated first episode patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:119-123. [PMID: 31125758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies that explore simultaneously the relationship of neuroendocrine hormones of the HPA, HPT and HPG axes with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of neuroendocrine pathways with affective disorders by comparing the differences in measures of neuroendocrine function between untreated first episode patients with MDD and BD. A cohort of 679 MDD and 83 BD patients was recruited. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxin (FT4), cortisol (COR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were determined by chemiluminesent immunoassay for all patients. COR and ACTH were both significantly higher in the MDD group than those in BD group. The incidences of high secretion of ACTH and COR, and low thyroid hormone secretion were significantly greater in MDD patients than in BD patients. Decreased T secretion was more common in BD than MDD patients. ACTH was significantly positively correlated with HAMD total score and negatively correlated with FT3 in MDD patients. FT3 and FT4 levels were significantly negatively correlated with the somatoform factor score of HAMD in MDD patients. Untreated first episode patients with MDD have a hyperactivity of the HPA axis, lower HPT compared with BD patients. BD patients had reduced testosterone secretion. These findings indicate that ACTH, FT3 and FT4 could be used as markers for severity and symptoms of untreated first episode patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoHua Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - ChuanYuan Kang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University (Shanghai East Hospital), 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - YuJun Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China
| | - JianZhong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650101, China.
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20
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Mofidi M, Kianmehr N, Qomi YF, Zaim SN, Moghadam PH, Rezai M, Farsi D, Abbasi S, Mahshidfar B. Daylight saving time and incidence ratio of acute myocardial infarction among Iranian people. J Med Life 2019; 12:123-127. [PMID: 31406512 PMCID: PMC6685301 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Iran is among the countries which change official time, every year according to their constitutions. Studies have shown an increase of incidence ratio (IR) of acute myocardial infarction by these time transitions. Despite annual time changes in Iran, there is no published data to prove this among the Iranian. This retrospective study examined the IR of patients with AMI, who were admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of 5 teaching hospitals during the week just after the time transitions (observed period), with two weeks before and after the time transitions (expected period), both in spring and fall. In total, 11051 patients were admitted during the ten weeks (observed and expected), in both spring and fall time transitions. The IR of AMI during both observed and expected period did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05); however, the incidence of AMI was increased during the first week after the transition in spring (p > 0.05). Although the results of the present study did not prove the relation between time transitions and incidence of AMI, a slight increase existed for IR of AMI during three days after spring shift. This increase in IR of AMI can be due to Nowrooz, the national holidays which lasts four days after turning clocks forward in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Mofidi
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Kianmehr
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sonia N Zaim
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Hafezi Moghadam
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rezai
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Farsi
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abbasi
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mahshidfar
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Alexopoulos GS. Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:188. [PMID: 31383842 PMCID: PMC6683149 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression predisposes to medical illnesses and advances biological aging indicated by shorter telomere length, accelerated brain aging and advanced epigenetic aging. Medical illnesses also increase the risk of late-life depression. The reciprocal relationships of depression with aging-related and disease-related processes have generated pathogenetic hypotheses and provided treatment targets. Targeting risk factors of vascular disease in mid-life is a logical approach in prevention of vascular depression. The depression-executive dysfunction and the vascular depression syndromes have clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings consistent with frontostriatal abnormalities. Dopamine D2/3 agonists are effective in depression of Parkinson's disease and their efficacy needs to be assessed in these two syndromes. Computerized cognitive remediation targeting functions of the cognitive control network may improve both executive functions and depressive symptoms of late-life major depression. Significant progress has been made in neurostimulation treatments in depressed younger adults. TMS targeting deep structures responsible for mood regulation is well tolerated by older adults and its efficacy in syndromes of late-life depression needs to be studied. Efficacious psychotherapies for late-life depression exist, but are underutilized in part because of their complexity. Streamlined, stepped psychotherapies targeting behaviors assumed to result from dysfunction of brain networks implicated in late-life depression can be easy to learn and have potential for dissemination. However, their effectiveness needs further investigation. Depression increases the risk of dementing disorders. Antidepressants are rather ineffective in treating depression of demented patients, but long-term use of antidepressants may reduce the risk of dementia. However, confirmation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Alexopoulos
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605 USA
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22
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Both elevated blood pressure and/or depression increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study in treated elderly hypertensive patients explored the incidence of depression, its association (pre-existing and incident) with mortality and predictors of incident depression. METHODS Data from 6,083 hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years enrolled in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study were used. Participants were followed for a median of 10.8 years (including 4.1 years in-trial) and classified into: "no depression," "pre-existing" and "incident" depression groups based on either being "diagnosed with depressive disorders" and/or "treated with an anti-depressant drug" at baseline or during in-trial period. Further, we redefined "depression" restricted to presence of both conditions for sensitivity analyses. For the current study, end-points were all-cause and any cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS 313 (5%) participants had pre-existing depression and a further 916 (15%) participants developed depression during the trial period (incidence 4% per annum). Increased (hazard-ratio, 95% confidence-interval) all-cause mortality was observed among those with either pre-existing (1.23, 1.01-1.50; p = 0.03) or incident (1.26, 1.12-1.41; p < 0.001) depression compared to those without. For cardiovascular mortality, a 24% increased risk (1.24, 1.05-1.47; p = 0.01) was observed among those with incident depression. The sensitivity analyses, using the restricted depression definition showed similar associations. Incident depression was associated with being female, aged ≥75 years, being an active smoker at study entry, and developing new diabetes during the study period. CONCLUSIONS This elderly cohort had a high incidence of depression irrespective of their randomised antihypertensive regimen. Both pre-existing and incident depression were associated with increased mortality.
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23
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Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Artero S, Maller J, Meslin C, Ritchie K, Ryan J, Chaudieu I. Lifetime major depression and grey-matter volume. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:45-53. [PMID: 30565905 PMCID: PMC6306287 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of structural brain alterations in major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about how these alterations might be affected by age at onset or genetic vulnerability. This study examines whether lifetime episodes of MDD are associated with specific alterations in grey-matter volume, and whether those alterations vary according to sex or serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotype (LL, SL or SS). METHODS We used structural MRI to acquire anatomic scans from 610 community-dwelling participants. We derived quantitative regional estimates of grey-matter volume in 16 subregions using FreeSurfer software. We diagnosed MDD according to DSM-IV criteria. We adjusted analyses for age, sex, total brain volume, education level, head injury and comorbidities. RESULTS Lifetime MDD was associated with a smaller insula, thalamus, ventral diencephalon, pallidum and nucleus accumbens and with a larger pericalcarine region in both men and women. These associations remained after adjustment for false discovery rate. Lifetime MDD was also associated with a smaller caudate nucleus and amygdala in men and with a larger rostral anterior cingulate cortex in women. Late-onset first episodes of MDD (after age 50 years) were associated with a larger rostral anterior cingulate cortex and lingual and pericalcarine regions; early-onset MDD was associated with a smaller ventral diencephalon and nucleus accumbens. Some associations differed according to 5-HTTLPR genotype: the thalamus was smaller in participants with MDD and the LL genotype; pericalcarine and lingual volumes were higher in those with the SL genotype. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Major depressive disorder was associated with persistent volume reductions in the deep nuclei and insula and with enlargements in visual cortex subregions; alterations varied according to age of onset and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Jerome Maller
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Chantal Meslin
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Karen Ritchie
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
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Wrigglesworth J, Ancelin ML, Ritchie K, Ryan J. Association between DNA methylation of the KITLG gene and cortisol levels under stress: a replication study. Stress 2019; 22:162-168. [PMID: 30298755 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1519019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported for the first time, that DNA methylation of the KITLG gene mediates the association between childhood trauma and cortisol stress reactivity. Our study aimed to provide the first independent replication of these findings. ESPRIT is a prospective study of community-dwelling participants (age ≥ 65), randomly selected from the electoral rolls of the Montpellier district, in France. Clinical depression was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI, French version 5.00), and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Experiences of childhood adversity were ascertained via a 25-item questionnaire. Morning, evening, and diurnal salivary cortisol was measured under basal and stress conditions and determined using direct radioimmunoassay analysis. DNA methylation of the KITLG gene was quantified in whole blood using the SEQUENOM MassARRAY EpiTYPER platform. A significant negative association was observed between KITLG DNA methylation and both morning cortisol (β = -1.846 ± 0.666, p = .007) and diurnal cortisol (area under curve [AUC]) (β = -19.429 ± 8.868, p = .031) under a stress condition. However, only the former association was significant after correcting for multiple testing. Further, this association remained after adjusting for age, sex, and depression status. No significant association was observed between childhood trauma and KITLG DNA methylation in this older population. This study provides support for an association between KITLG methylation and stress cortisol levels, suggesting that DNA methylation of this gene may play a role in the longer term regulation of the stress system. Lay summary The significant negative association between KITLG DNA methylation and morning cortisol, measured under a stressful condition, suggests that individuals with higher KITLG methylation will secrete lower levels of cortisol whilst under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Wrigglesworth
- a Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- b INSERM, Unit of Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research , Montpellier , France
- c University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- b INSERM, Unit of Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research , Montpellier , France
- d Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Joanne Ryan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
- b INSERM, Unit of Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research , Montpellier , France
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Heidari MM, Hadadzadeh M, Fallahzadeh H. Development of One-Step Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR for Simultaneous Detection of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D and rs4343 Gene Polymorphisms and the Correlation with CAD Patients. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2019; 11:118-123. [PMID: 30800252 PMCID: PMC6359703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Insertion/Deletion and rs-4343 gene polymorphisms could be associated with pathogenesis of essential hypertension and cardiovascular disorders and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). In the present study, a fast and novel approach of multiplex Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of two SNPs including ACE I/D (rs4340) and 2350A>G (rs4343) of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene. METHODS The present research was performed using 148 blood samples taken from patients with CAD and 135 healthy individuals. One set of inner primers (for rs4343) and one set of outer primer pairs were designed for genotyping of Insertion/Deletion and rs4343 polymorphisms in single tube T-ARMS-PCR. RESULTS Our results manifested that genotypes and alleles frequency of the ACE polymorphisms showed no statistically significant association between CAD patients and the control group. In addition, complete concordance was seen between sensitive Tetra-ARMS-PCR and sequencing method. CONCLUSION The technique is the first work for simultaneous detection of Insertion/Deletion polymorphism and rs4343 SNPs in ACE gene and the results were entirely according to those from an independent procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Mehdi Heidari, Ph.D., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran, Tel: +98 035 31233381, Fax: +98 035 38210644, E-mail:
| | - Mehdi Hadadzadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Liu X, Jiang W, Yuan Y. Aberrant Default Mode Network Underlying the Cognitive Deficits in the Patients With Late-Onset Depression. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:310. [PMID: 30337869 PMCID: PMC6178980 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset depression (LOD) is regarded as a risk factor or a prodrome of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, LOD patients with cognitive deficits have the higher risk of subsequent AD. Thus, it is necessary to understand the neural underpinnings of cognitive deficits and its pathological implications in LOD. Consistent findings show that the default mode network (DMN) is an important and potentially useful brain network for the cognitive deficits in LOD patients. In recent years, genetics has been actively researched as a possible risk factor in the pathogenesis of LOD. So, in this review, we discuss the current research progress on the cognitive deficits and DMN in LOD through a combined view of brain network and genetics. We find that different structural and functional impairments of the DMN might be involved in the etiological mechanisms of different cognitive impairments in LOD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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DNA methylation and genetic variation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:1-8. [PMID: 29132028 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and in older persons is associated with high levels of comorbidity and under-treatment. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis is consistently observed in the older population as well as depressed patients, with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) a key regulator of the stress response. Epigenetic regulation of ACE may play an important role in HPA axis (dys)regulation. OBJECTIVE To investigate ACE promoter methylation as a biomarker of late-life depression, and its association with genetic variation and cortisol secretion. METHOD The longitudinal general population ESPRIT study is aimed at investigating psychiatric disorders in older persons (n=1863, average age=73). Depression was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview according to DSM-IV criteria and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Genotype information for seven polymorphisms across the ACE gene was also available. Blood and saliva samples collected at baseline and used to extract DNA and measure cortisol, respectively. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to measure promoter DNA methylation of the ACE gene (n=552). RESULTS There was no evidence of an association between ACE promoter methylation and depression. However, there was evidence that ACE genetic variants influenced methylation, and modified the association between depression and methylation (Δ at various sites; -2.05% to 1.74%; p=0.019 to 0.039). Multivariate analyses were adjusted for participants' lifestyle, health and medical history. Independent of depression status, ACE methylation was inversely correlated with cortisol levels (r=-0.336, p=0.042). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that associations between ACE methylation and depression are genotype-dependent, suggesting that the development of reliable depression biomarkers may need to consider methylation levels in combination with underlying genetic variation. ACE methylation may also be a suitable biomarker of cortisol and/or HPA axis activity.
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Scurrah KJ, Lamantia A, Ellis JA, Harrap SB. Familial Analysis of Epistatic and Sex-Dependent Association of Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Blood Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001595. [PMID: 28506960 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes have been inconsistently associated with blood pressure, possibly because of unrecognized influences of sex-dependent genetic effects or gene-gene interactions (epistasis). METHODS AND RESULTS We tested association of systolic blood pressure with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at renin (REN), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), including sex-SNP or SNP-SNP interactions. Eighty-eight tagSNPs were tested in 2872 white individuals in 809 pedigrees from the Victorian Family Heart Study using variance components models. Three SNPs (rs8075924 and rs4277404 at ACE and rs12721297 at AGTR1) were individually associated with lower systolic blood pressure with significant (P<0.00076) effect sizes ≈1.7 to 2.5 mm Hg. Sex-specific associations were seen for 3 SNPs in men (rs2468523 and rs2478544 at AGT and rs11658531 at ACE) and 1 SNP in women (rs12451328 at ACE). SNP-SNP interaction was suggested (P<0.005) for 14 SNP pairs, none of which had shown individual association with systolic blood pressure. Four SNP pairs were at the same gene (2 for REN, 1 for AGT, and 1 for AGTR1). The SNP rs3097 at CYP11B2 was represented in 5 separate pairs. CONCLUSIONS SNPs at key renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes associate with systolic blood pressure individually in both sexes, individually in one sex only and only when combined with another SNP. Analyses that incorporate sex-dependent and epistatic effects could reconcile past inconsistencies and account for some of the missing heritability of blood pressure and are generally relevant to SNP association studies for any phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Scurrah
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Angela Lamantia
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Justine A Ellis
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Stephen B Harrap
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.).
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Brownstein DJ, Salagre E, Köhler C, Stubbs B, Vian J, Pereira C, Chavarria V, Karmakar C, Turner A, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF, Berk M, Fernandes BS. Blockade of the angiotensin system improves mental health domain of quality of life: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:24-38. [PMID: 28754072 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417721654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether blockade of the angiotensin system has effects on mental health. Our objective was to determine the impact of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers on mental health domain of quality of life. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis of published literature. DATA SOURCES PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases. The last search was conducted in January 2017. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials comparing any angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or AT1R blocker versus placebo or non-angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or non-AT1R blocker were selected. Study participants were adults without any major physical symptoms. We adhered to meta-analysis reporting methods as per PRISMA and the Cochrane Collaboration. DATA SYNTHESIS Eleven studies were included in the analysis. When compared with placebo or other antihypertensive medications, AT1R blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with improved overall quality of life (standard mean difference = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = [0.08, 0.14], p < 0.0001), positive wellbeing (standard mean difference = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = [0.05, 0.17], p < 0.0001), mental (standard mean difference = 0.15, 95% confidence interval = [0.06, 0.25], p < 0.0001), and anxiety (standard mean difference = 0.08, 95% confidence interval = [0.01, 0.16], p < 0.0001) domains of QoL. No significant difference was found for the depression domain (standard mean difference = 0.05, 95% confidence interval = [0.02, 0.12], p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Use of angiotensin blockers and inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension in otherwise healthy adults is associated with improved mental health domains of quality of life. Mental health quality of life was a secondary outcome in the included studies. Research specifically designed to analyse the usefulness of drugs that block the angiotensin system is necessary to properly evaluate this novel psychiatric target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brownstein
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Estela Salagre
- 2 Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristiano Köhler
- 3 Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- 4 Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.,5 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,6 Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - João Vian
- 7 Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,8 Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ciria Pereira
- 7 Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,8 Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Victor Chavarria
- 9 Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar (PSM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chandan Karmakar
- 10 Center for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics, School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- 11 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,12 Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - João Quevedo
- 13 Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,14 Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,15 Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,16 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- 3 Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- 11 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,12 Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,17 Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,18 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,19 The Florey Institute for Neuroscience Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- 11 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,12 Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,20 Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ancelin ML, Scali J, Norton J, Ritchie K, Dupuy AM, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. The effect of an adverse psychological environment on salivary cortisol levels in the elderly differs by 5-HTTLPR genotype. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 7:38-46. [PMID: 28377990 PMCID: PMC5369865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adverse psychological environment (e.g. stressful events or depression) has been shown to influence basal cortisol levels and cortisol response to stress. This differs depending on the adverse stimuli, but also varies across individuals and may be influenced by genetic predisposition. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is a strong candidate in this regard. OBJECTIVE To investigate how stressful life events and depression are associated with diurnal cortisol levels in community-dwelling elderly and determine whether this varies according to genetic variability in the 5-HTTLPR. METHODS This population-based study included 334 subjects aged 65 and older (mean (SD) = 76.5 (6.3)). Diurnal cortisol was measured on two separate days, under quiet (basal) and stressful conditions. The number of recent major stressful events experienced during the past year was assessed from a 12-item validated questionnaire as an index of cumulative recent stressful events. Lifetime trauma was evaluated using the validated Watson's PTSD inventory, which evaluates the most severe traumatic or frightening experience according to DSM criteria. Depression was defined as having a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnosis of current major depressive disorder or high levels of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale ≥16). 5-HTTLPR genotyping was performed on blood samples. RESULTS Exposure to stressful life events was associated with lower basal evening cortisol levels overall, and in the participants with the 5-HTTLPR L allele but not the SS genotype. The greatest effects (over 50% decrease, p < 0.001) were observed for the LL participants having experienced multiple recent stressful events or severe lifetime traumas. Participants with the L allele also had higher evening cortisol stress response. Conversely, depression tended to be associated with a 42% higher basal morning cortisol in the SS participants specifically, but did not modify the association between stressful events and cortisol levels. CONCLUSION An adverse psychological environment is associated with basal cortisol levels and cortisol stress response, but this differs according to 5-HTTLPR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacqueline Scali
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Norton
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Disease Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia
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Ryan J, Pilkington L, Neuhaus K, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML, Saffery R. Investigating the epigenetic profile of the inflammatory gene IL-6 in late-life depression. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:354. [PMID: 29070016 PMCID: PMC5657056 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that there is a link between inflammation and depression, with several studies reporting increased circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL6), in depressed individuals. Peripheral epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, hold promise as biomarkers for a range of complex conditions, with potential to inform diagnosis and tailor interventions. The aim of this study was to determine whether individuals with depression display differential methylation of the IL6 gene promoter compared to individuals without depression. METHODS The ESPRIT study of later life neuropsychiatric disorders used a random sampling framework to select non-institutionalised participants aged ≥65 years and over living in the Montpellier region of France. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to DSM-IV criteria. High levels of depressive symptoms were defined as a score of ≥16 on the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). IL6 promoter DNA methylation was measured on a sub-sample of 380 participants who provided buccal samples. RESULTS Individuals with depression (current MDD or high depressive symptoms) had lower IL6 methylation levels at one of the four sites investigated, however the effect size was small (∆ 2.4%, SE 0.009, p = 0.006). Interestingly, antidepressant use was independently associated with higher IL-6 methylation at the same site (∆ 4.6%, SE 0.019, p = 0.015). In multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for covariates, including sex and smoking status, these associations remained. There was no effect modification when considering IL6 genotype. CONCLUSION This study presents evidence that IL6 methylation may be a marker of depression status in older individuals, however further work is now needed to replicate these findings and to assess the association with inflammatory status of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lauren Pilkington
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Katharina Neuhaus
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Karen Ritchie
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Saffery
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
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Perez-Lloret S, Otero-Losada M, Toblli JE, Capani F. Renin-angiotensin system as a potential target for new therapeutic approaches in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1163-1173. [PMID: 28836869 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1371133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, available therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are symptomatic. Therefore, the search for neuroprotective drugs remains a top priority. Areas covered: In this review, the potential symptomatic or disease-modifying effect of drugs targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in PD will be explored. Expert opinion: The importance of nigrostriatal local RAS has only begun to be unraveled in the last decades. On one hand, there is a complex feedback cycle between RAS and dopamine (DA). On the other hand, RAS affects dopaminergic neurons vulnerability. Neuroprotective effects in animal PD models have been shown for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril and perindopril, and the AT1 receptor antagonists losartan, candesartan and telmisartan. These effects appear to be mediated by a reduction in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. In a proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind, crossover study in PD patients, perindopril enhanced the effect of levodopa without inducing dyskinesias. There has not been any clinical trial exploring the neuroprotective effect of RAS drugs, but one cohort study in hypertensive patients suggested a protective effect of ACE inhibitors on PD risk. RAS is a promising target for symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies in PD. Further studies in PD animal models and patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Perez-Lloret
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile
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Abstract
Depression remains a debilitating condition with an uncertain aetiology. Recently, attention has been given to the renin-angiotensin system. In the central nervous system, angiotensin II may be important in multiple pathways related to neurodevelopment and regulation of the stress response. Studies of drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system have yielded promising results. Here, we review the potential beneficial effects of angiotensin blockers in depression and their mechanisms of action. Drugs blocking the angiotensin system have efficacy in several animal models of depression. While no randomised clinical trials were found, case reports and observational studies showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers had positive effects on depression, whereas other antihypertensive agents did not. Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system act on inflammatory pathways implicated in depression. Both preclinical and clinical data suggest that these drugs possess antidepressant properties. In light of these results, angiotensin system-blocking agents offer new horizons in mood disorder treatment.
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Williams LJ, Pasco JA, Kessing LV, Quirk SE, Fernandes BS, Berk M. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Risk of Mood Disorders. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2017; 85:250-2. [PMID: 27230871 DOI: 10.1159/000444646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Savage JE, Sawyers C, Roberson-Nay R, Hettema JM. The genetics of anxiety-related negative valence system traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:156-177. [PMID: 27196537 PMCID: PMC5349709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domain of negative valence systems (NVS) captures constructs of negative affect such as fear and distress traditionally subsumed under the various internalizing disorders. Through its aims to capture dimensional measures that cut across diagnostic categories and are linked to underlying neurobiological systems, a large number of phenotypic constructs have been proposed as potential research targets. Since "genes" represent a central "unit of analysis" in the RDoC matrix, it is important for studies going forward to apply what is known about the genetics of these phenotypes as well as fill in the gaps of existing knowledge. This article reviews the extant genetic epidemiological data (twin studies, heritability) and molecular genetic association findings for a broad range of putative NVS phenotypic measures. We find that scant genetic epidemiological data is available for experimentally derived measures such as attentional bias, peripheral physiology, or brain-based measures of threat response. The molecular genetic basis of NVS phenotypes is in its infancy, since most studies have focused on a small number of candidate genes selected for putative association to anxiety disorders (ADs). Thus, more research is required to provide a firm understanding of the genetic aspects of anxiety-related NVS constructs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Zhang X, Norton J, Carrière I, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J, Ancelin ML. Preliminary evidence for a role of the adrenergic nervous system in generalized anxiety disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42676. [PMID: 28198454 PMCID: PMC5309880 DOI: 10.1038/srep42676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common chronic condition that is understudied compared to other psychiatric disorders. An altered adrenergic function has been reported in GAD, however direct evidence for genetic susceptibility is missing. This study evaluated the associations of gene variants in adrenergic receptors (ADRs) with GAD, with the involvement of stressful events. Data were obtained from 844 French community-dwelling elderly aged 65 or over. Anxiety disorders were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview, according to DSM-IV criteria. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved with adrenergic function were genotyped; adrenergic receptors alpha(1A) (ADRA1A), alpha(2A) (ADRA2A), and beta2 (ADRB2) and transcription factor TCF7L2. Questionnaires evaluated recent stressful life events as well as early environment during childhood and adolescence. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses four SNPs were significantly associated with GAD. A 4-fold modified risk was found with ADRA1A rs17426222 and rs573514, and ADRB2 rs1042713 which remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Certain variants may moderate the effect of adverse life events on the risk of GAD. Replication in larger samples is needed due to the small case number. This is the first study showing that ADR variants are susceptibility factors for GAD, further highlighting the critical role of the adrenergic nervous system in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Joanna Norton
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Disease Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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The ACE Gene Is Associated with Late-Life Major Depression and Age at Dementia Onset in a Population-Based Cohort. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:170-177. [PMID: 27639288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and dementia in the elderly have been suggested to share similar risk factors and pathogenetic background, and recently the authors reported that the APOEɛ4 allele is a risk factor for both disorders in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of the well-known polymorphisms rs1799752 in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and rs5186 in the angiotensin receptor II type 1 (AGTR1) on late-life depression and dementia in a population-based Swedish cohort of older individuals followed over 12 years. METHODS In 2000-2001, 900 individuals underwent neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examinations. Follow-up evaluations were performed in 2005-2006 and 2009-2010, and register data on dementia to 2012 were included. Cross-sectional associations between genotypes/alleles and depression and dementia at baseline and between genotypes/alleles and depression on at least one occasion during the study period and dementia onset to 2012 were investigated. RESULTS As previously found for rs1799752 in ACE, rs5186 in AGTR1 was associated with dementia at baseline (OR: 3.25 [CI: 1.42-7.06], z = 2.90, p = 0.004). These associations became substantially weaker, or disappeared, when dementia onset to 2012 was included. For rs1799752 this could be explained by a significant association with age at onset (mean: 79.5 [SD: 6.45] years for risk-genotype carriers and 81.7 [SD: 7.12] years for carriers of other genotypes, b = -2.43, t = -2.38, df = 192, p = 0.02). When individuals with major depression on at least one occasion were analyzed, a significant association (OR: 2.14 [95% CI: 1.13-4.20], z = 2.28, p = 0.02), remaining after exclusion of dementia, with rs1799752 in ACE was found. CONCLUSION In this population-based sample of older individuals, genetic variations in ACE seem to be important both for late-life major depression and dementia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been reported in depression. The aim was to investigate the potential association between depression and seven genes regulating or interfering with the HPA axis, including the gene encoding angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). METHODS In total, 78 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one insertion/deletion polymorphism were genotyped. The study included 408 individuals with depression and 289 controls. In a subset of cases, the interaction between genetic variants and stressful life events (SLEs) was investigated. RESULTS After quality control, 68 genetic variants were left for analyses. Four of nine variants within ACE were nominally associated with depression and a gene-wise association was likewise observed. However, none of the SNPs located within AVP, CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, FKBP5 or NC3C1 were associated with depression. One nominally significant interaction, most likely due to chance, was identified. CONCLUSION The results indicate that ACE could be a potential candidate gene for depression.
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Sanhueza JA, Zambrano T, Bahamondes-Avila C, Salazar LA. Association of Anxiety-Related Polymorphisms with Sports Performance in Chilean Long Distance Triathletes: A Pilot Study. J Sports Sci Med 2016; 15:554-561. [PMID: 27928199 PMCID: PMC5131207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Different factors affecting athletic performance are well established: intensity and type of training, anthropometric characteristics as well as an important psychological component. However, the contribution of the genetic background has been less investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of polymorphisms within genes associated with stress and anxiety (5HTT, CRH2R, ACE, NK1R, 5HT1AR and CRF-BP) on the physical capability and sports performance in triathletes. One hundred and ninety two (192) unrelated Chilean triathletes who participated in the 2014 70.3 Pucón city triathlon were divided into opposite subgroups of sports performance according to their time results. We identified significant associations for five polymorphisms (5HTT 5-HTTLPR, ACE I/D, NK1R rs6715729, 5HT1AR -1019C>G and CRF-BP CRF-BPs11) with athletic performance. Our results indicate that these polymorphisms are associated with differential sports performance in Chilean triathletes, establishing an initial background for better understanding the relationship between physical performance, genetics and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Sanhueza
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Medicine School, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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40
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Rocha NP, Scalzo PL, Barbosa IG, de Campos-Carli SM, Tavares LD, de Souza MS, Christo PP, Reis HJ, Simões E Silva AC, Teixeira AL. Peripheral levels of angiotensins are associated with depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 368:235-9. [PMID: 27538640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of PD remains elusive. The renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) has recently been implicated in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of components of the RAS of individuals with PD with controls. We also investigated the association between these circulating markers and motor, depressive and cognitive parameters. METHODS Thirty PD patients and twenty controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, including cognitive and depressive symptoms assessment. Plasma levels of Angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II, Ang- (1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS PD patients presented lower plasma levels of Ang I, Ang II and Ang- (1-7) than control individuals. Among PD patients, lower circulating levels of angiotensins were associated with increased severity of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing that peripheral levels of RAS components are changed in PD and associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Paula Luciana Scalzo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Guimarães Barbosa
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Salvina Maria de Campos-Carli
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Duarte Tavares
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Soares de Souza
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pereira Christo
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton José Reis
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Ryan J, Artero S, Carrière I, Maller JJ, Meslin C, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML. GWAS-identified risk variants for major depressive disorder: Preliminary support for an association with late-life depressive symptoms and brain structural alterations. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:113-125. [PMID: 26391493 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD), however there has been little attempt to replicate these findings in population-based studies of depressive symptoms. Variants within three genes, BICC1, PCLO and GRM7 were selected for replication in our study based on the following criteria: they were identified in a prior MDD GWAS study; a subsequent study found evidence that they influenced depression risk; and there is a solid biological basis for a role in depression. We firstly investigated whether these variants were associated with depressive symptoms in our population-based cohort of 929 elderly (238 with clinical depressive symptoms and 691 controls), and secondly to investigate associations with structural brain alterations. A number of nominally significant associations were identified, but none reached Bonferroni-corrected significance levels. Common SNPs in BICC1 and PCLO were associated with a 50% and 30% decreased risk of depression, respectively. PCLO rs2522833 was also associated with the volume of grey matter (p=1.6×10(-3)), and to a lesser extent with hippocampal volume and white matter lesions. Among depressed individuals rs9870680 (GRM7) was associated with the volume of grey and white matter (p=10(-4) and 8.3×10(-3), respectively). Our results provide some support for the involvement of BICC1 and PCLO in late-life depressive disorders and preliminary evidence that these genetic variants may also influence brain structural volumes. However effect sizes remain modest and associations did not reach corrected significance levels. Further large imaging studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier F-34093; Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34000, France; Disease Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier F-34093; Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier F-34093; Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantal Meslin
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier F-34093; Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34000, France; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier F-34093; Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34000, France
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42
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Young JJ, Silber T, Bruno D, Galatzer-Levy IR, Pomara N, Marmar CR. Is there Progress? An Overview of Selecting Biomarker Candidates for Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:72. [PMID: 27199779 PMCID: PMC4843170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) contributes to a significant worldwide disease burden, expected to be second only to heart disease by 2050. However, accurate diagnosis has been a historical weakness in clinical psychiatry. As a result, there is a demand for diagnostic modalities with greater objectivity that could improve on current psychiatric practice that relies mainly on self-reporting of symptoms and clinical interviews. Over the past two decades, literature on a growing number of putative biomarkers for MDD increasingly suggests that MDD patients have significantly different biological profiles compared to healthy controls. However, difficulty in elucidating their exact relationships within depression pathology renders individual markers inconsistent diagnostic tools. Consequently, further biomarker research could potentially improve our understanding of MDD pathophysiology as well as aid in interpreting response to treatment, narrow differential diagnoses, and help refine current MDD criteria. Representative of this, multiplex assays using multiple sources of biomarkers are reported to be more accurate options in comparison to individual markers that exhibit lower specificity and sensitivity, and are more prone to confounding factors. In the future, more sophisticated multiplex assays may hold promise for use in screening and diagnosing depression and determining clinical severity as an advance over relying solely on current subjective diagnostic criteria. A pervasive limitation in existing research is heterogeneity inherent in MDD studies, which impacts the validity of biomarker data. Additionally, small sample sizes of most studies limit statistical power. Yet, as the RDoC project evolves to decrease these limitations, and stronger studies with more generalizable data are developed, significant advances in the next decade are expected to yield important information in the development of MDD biomarkers for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Joseph Young
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tim Silber
- Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg, NY , USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | | | - Nunzio Pomara
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Cohen Veterans Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Raymond Marmar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Cohen Veterans Center, New York, NY, USA
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Valiengo LDCL, Stella F, Forlenza OV. Mood disorders in the elderly: prevalence, functional impact, and management challenges. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2105-14. [PMID: 27601905 PMCID: PMC5003566 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s94643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lower prevalence of severe mood disorders in the elderly as compared to younger adults, late-life depression and bipolar disorder (BD) are more strongly associated with negative outcomes related to the presence of medical comorbidities, cognitive deficits, and increased suicide risk and overall mortality. The mechanisms that contribute to these associations are probably multifactorial, involving pathological factors related directly and indirectly to the disease itself, ranging from biological to psychosocial factors. Most of the accumulated knowledge on the nature of these associations derives from naturalistic and observational studies, and controlled data are still scarce. Nonetheless, there has clearly been a recent growth of the scientific interest on late-life BD and geriatric depression. In the present study, we review the most relevant studies on prevalence, clinical presentation, and cognitive/functional impact of mood disorders in elderly. Several clinical-epidemiological studies were dedicated to the study of the prevalence of mood disorders in old age in distinct settings; however, fewer studies investigated the underlying neurobiological findings and treatment specificities in late-life depression and BD. In the present study, we further discuss the implications of these findings on the management of mood disorders in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro da Costa Lane Valiengo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo
| | - Florindo Stella
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo; Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo
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Turk BR, Gschwandtner ME, Mauerhofer M, Löffler-Stastka H. Can we clinically recognize a vascular depression? The role of personality in an expanded threshold model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e743. [PMID: 25950684 PMCID: PMC4602520 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular depression (VD) hypothesis postulates that cerebrovascular disease may "predispose, precipitate, or perpetuate" a depressive syndrome in elderly patients. Clinical presentation of VD has been shown to differ to major depression in quantitative disability; however, as little research has been made toward qualitative phenomenological differences in the personality aspects of the symptom profile, clinical diagnosis remains a challenge.We attempted to identify differences in clinical presentation between depression patients (n = 50) with (n = 25) and without (n = 25) vascular disease using questionnaires to assess depression, affect regulation, object relations, aggressiveness, alexithymia, personality functioning, personality traits, and counter transference.We were able to show that patients with vascular dysfunction and depression exhibit significantly higher aggressive and auto-aggressive tendencies due to a lower tolerance threshold. These data indicate that VD is a separate clinical entity and secondly that the role of personality itself may be a component of the disease process. We propose an expanded threshold disease model incorporating personality functioning and mood changes. Such findings might also aid the development of a screening program, by serving as differential criteria, ameliorating the diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela R Turk
- From the Department for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy (BRT, MM, HLS); Department for Angiology (MEG) Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Hui L, Wu JQ, Ye MJ, Zheng K, He JC, Zhang X, Liu JH, Tian HJ, Gong BH, Chen DC, Lv MH, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and depressive symptom severity in a Chinese population. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:100-7. [PMID: 25694211 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are frequently observed in schizophrenia patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme of renin-angiotensin system, can catalyze the degradation of neuropeptides and modulate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Previous studies have revealed the association of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with depressive disorder and its treatment response but not with the depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether this polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and with its psychopathological symptoms, especially depressive symptoms in a Han Chinese population. METHODS This polymorphism was genotyped in 382 chronic patients and 538 healthy controls. Psychopathology was characterised using the positive and negative syndrome scale. RESULTS The allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism significantly differed between patients and controls (both p < 0.001). A significant difference in the positive and negative syndrome scale depressive symptom score was observed among the three genotypes (p < 0.03), with higher score in patients with insertion/insertion (I/I) than with deletion/deletion (D/D) genotypes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant linear correlation between the number of I alleles and the depressive symptom score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to schizophrenia and also in its depressive symptom severity in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Institute of Kangning Mental Health, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ryan J, Carrière I, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML. Involvement of GPR50 polymorphisms in depression: independent replication in a prospective elderly cohort. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00313. [PMID: 25798330 PMCID: PMC4356842 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the explosion in genetic association studies over the last decade, clearly identified genetic risk factors for depression remain scarce and replication studies are becoming increasingly important. G-protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) has been implicated in psychiatric disorders in a small number of studies, although not consistently. METHODS Data were obtained from 1010 elderly men and women from the prospective population-based ESPRIT study. Logistic regression and survival models were used to determine whether three common GPR50 polymorphisms were associated with depression prevalence or the incidence of depression over 12-years. The analyses were adjusted for a range of covariates such as comorbidity and cholesterol levels, to determine independent associations. RESULTS All three variants showed some evidence of an association with late-life depression in women, although these were not consistent across outcomes, the overall effect sizes were relatively small, and most would not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Women heterozygous for rs13440581, had a 1.6-fold increased risk of baseline depression, while the odds of depression comorbid with anxiety were increased fourfold for women homozygous for the minor allele of rs2072621. When depressed women at baseline were excluded from the analysis, however, neither variant was associated with the 12-year incidence of depression. In contrast, rs561077 was associated with a 1.8-fold increased risk of incident depression specifically. No significant associations were observed in men. DISCUSSION Our results thus provide only weak support for the involvement of GPR50 variants in late-life depression, which appear specific to certain subgroups of depressed individuals (i.e., women and those with more severe forms of depression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061 Montpellier, F-34093, France ; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061 Montpellier, France ; CDE, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- Inserm, U1061 Montpellier, F-34093, France ; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061 Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061 Montpellier, F-34093, France ; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061 Montpellier, France ; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061 Montpellier, F-34093, France ; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061 Montpellier, France
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C-reactive protein gene variants: independent association with late-life depression and circulating protein levels. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e499. [PMID: 25603415 PMCID: PMC4312833 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable biomarker of systemic inflammation that is commonly elevated in depressed patients. Variants in the CRP gene that influence protein levels could thus be associated with depression but this has seldom been examined, especially in the elderly. Depression was assessed in 990 people aged at least 65 years as part of the ESPRIT study. A clinical level of depression (DEP) was defined as having a score of ⩾16 on The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the CRP gene were genotyped, and circulating levels of high-sensitivity CRP were determined. Multivariable analyses adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, ischemic pathologies, cognitive impairment and inflammation-related chronic pathologies. The minor alleles of rs1130864 and rs1417938 were associated with a decreased risk of depression in women at Bonferroni-corrected significance levels (P=0.002). CRP gene variants were associated with serum levels in a gender-specific manner, but only rs1205 was found to be nominally associated with both an increased risk of DEP and lower circulating CRP levels in women. Variants of the CRP gene thus influence circulating CRP levels and appear as independent susceptibility factors for late-life depression.
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Increased risk of major depression in the three years following a femoral neck fracture--a national population-based follow-up study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89867. [PMID: 24626193 PMCID: PMC3953077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Femoral neck fracture is common in the elderly, and its impact has increased in aging societies. Comorbidities, poor levels of activity and pain may contribute to the development of depression, but these factors have not been well addressed. This study aims to investigate the frequency and risk of major depression after a femoral neck fracture using a nationwide population-based study. The Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database was used in this study. A total of 4,547 patients who were hospitalized for femoral neck fracture within 2003 to 2007 were recruited as a study group; 13,641 matched non-fracture participants were enrolled as a comparison group. Each patient was prospectively followed for 3 years to monitor the occurrence of major depression. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to compute the risk of major depression between members of the study and comparison group after adjusting for residence and socio-demographic characteristics. The most common physical comorbidities that were present after the fracture were also analyzed. The incidences of major depression were 1.2% (n = 55) and 0.7% (n = 95) in the study and comparison groups, respectively. The stratified Cox proportional analysis showed a covariate-adjusted hazard ratio of major depression among patients with femoral neck fracture that was 1.82 times greater (95% CI, 1.30–2.53) than that of the comparison group. Most major depressive episodes (34.5%) presented within the first 200 days following the fracture. In conclusion, patients with a femoral neck fracture are at an increased risk of subsequent major depression. Most importantly, major depressive episodes mainly occurred within the first 200 days following the fracture.
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