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Koob GF. Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment: Problems and Solutions. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:255-275. [PMID: 38261428 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031323-115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) afflicts over 29 million individuals and causes more than 140,000 deaths annually in the United States. A heuristic framework for AUD includes a three-stage cycle-binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation-that provides a starting point for exploring the heterogeneity of AUD with regard to treatment. Effective behavioral health treatments and US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications are available but greatly underutilized, creating a major treatment gap. This review outlines challenges that face the alcohol field in closing this treatment gap and offers solutions, including broadening end points for the approval of medications for the treatment of AUD; increasing the uptake of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment; addressing stigma; implementing a heuristic definition of recovery; engaging early treatment; and educating health-care professionals and the public about challenges that are associated with alcohol misuse. Additionally, this review focuses on broadening potential targets for the development of medications for AUD by utilizing the three-stage heuristic model of addiction that outlines domains of dysfunction in AUD and the mediating neurobiology of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
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2
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Jian J, He D, Gao S, Tao X, Dong X. Pharmacokinetics in Pharmacometabolomics: Towards Personalized Medication. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1568. [PMID: 38004434 PMCID: PMC10675232 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Indiscriminate drug administration may lead to drug therapy results with varying effects on patients, and the proposal of personalized medication can help patients to receive effective drug therapy. Conventional ways of personalized medication, such as pharmacogenomics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), can only be implemented from a single perspective. The development of pharmacometabolomics provides a research method for the realization of precise drug administration, which integrates the environmental and genetic factors, and applies metabolomics technology to study how to predict different drug therapeutic responses of organisms based on baseline metabolic levels. The published research on pharmacometabolomics has achieved satisfactory results in predicting the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the discovery of biomarkers of drugs. Among them, the pharmacokinetics related to pharmacometabolomics are used to explore individual variability in drug metabolism from the level of metabolism of the drugs in vivo and the level of endogenous metabolite changes. By searching for relevant literature with the keyword "pharmacometabolomics" on the two major literature retrieval websites, PubMed and Web of Science, from 2006 to 2023, we reviewed articles in the field of pharmacometabolomics that incorporated pharmacokinetics into their research. This review explains the therapeutic effects of drugs on the body from the perspective of endogenous metabolites and pharmacokinetic principles, and reports the latest advances in pharmacometabolomics related to pharmacokinetics to provide research ideas and methods for advancing the implementation of personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingai Jian
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.J.); (D.H.)
| | - Donglin He
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.J.); (D.H.)
| | - Songyan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.J.); (D.H.)
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3
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Blum K, Gold MS, Cadet JL, Gondre-Lewis MC, McLaughlin T, Braverman ER, Elman I, Paul Carney B, Cortese R, Abijo T, Bagchi D, Giordano J, Dennen CA, Baron D, Thanos PK, Soni D, Makale MT, Makale M, Murphy KT, Jafari N, Sunder K, Zeine F, Ceccanti M, Bowirrat A, Badgaiyan RD. Invited Expert Opinion- Bioinformatic and Limitation Directives to Help Adopt Genetic Addiction Risk Screening and Identify Preaddictive Reward Dysregulation: Required Analytic Evidence to Induce Dopamine Homeostatsis. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i8.4211. [PMID: 37885438 PMCID: PMC10601302 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i8.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Addiction, albeit some disbelievers like Mark Lewis [1], is a chronic, relapsing brain disease, resulting in unwanted loss of control over both substance and non- substance behavioral addictions leading to serious adverse consequences [2]. Addiction scientists and clinicians face an incredible challenge in combatting the current opioid and alcohol use disorder (AUD) pandemic throughout the world. Provisional data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that from July 2021-2022, over 100,000 individuals living in the United States (US) died from a drug overdose, and 77,237 of those deaths were related to opioid use [3]. This number is expected to rise, and according to the US Surgeon General it is highly conceivable that by 2025 approximately 165,000 Americans will die from an opioid overdose. Alcohol abuse, according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), results in 3 million deaths worldwide every year, which represents 5.3% of all deaths globally [4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX., USA
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise & Psychiatry, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA., USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.,USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Centre, Dayton, OH, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics Research, TranspliceGen Therapeutics, Inc., Austin, Tx., 78701, USA
- Department of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Bonita Springs, FL, USA
- Division of Personalized Medicine, Cross-Cultural Research and Educational Institute, San Clemente, CA., USA
- Sunder Foundation, Palm Springs, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO., USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Marjorie C. Gondre-Lewis
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC., USA
| | - Thomas McLaughlin
- Division of Nutrigenomics Research, TranspliceGen Therapeutics, Inc., Austin, Tx., 78701, USA
| | - Eric R Braverman
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX., USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Center for Pain and the Brain (P.A.I.N Group), Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA., USA
| | - B. Paul Carney
- Division Pediatric Neurology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO., USA
| | - Rene Cortese
- Department of Child Health – Child Health Research Institute, & Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health School of Medicine, University of Missouri, MO., USA
| | - Tomilowo Abijo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC., USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Giordano
- Division of Personalized Mental Illness Treatment & Research, Ketamine Infusion Clinics of South Florida, Pompano Beach, Fl., USA
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Baron
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Diwanshu Soni
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA., USA
| | - Milan T. Makale
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA
| | - Miles Makale
- Department of Psychology, UC San Diego, Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Nicole Jafari
- Department of Human Development, California State University at long Beach, Long Beach, CA., USA
- Division of Personalized Medicine, Cross-Cultural Research and Educational Institute, San Clemente, CA., USA
| | - Keerthy Sunder
- Department of Psychiatry, Menifee Global Medical Center, Palm Desert, CA., USA
- Sunder Foundation, Palm Springs, CA, USA
| | - Foojan Zeine
- Awareness Integration Institute, San Clemente, CA., USA
- Department of Health Science, California State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, CA., USA
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell’Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze (SITAC), ASL Roma1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX., USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mt Sinai University School of Medicine, New York, NY., USA
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Mason BJ. Looking Back, Looking Forward: Current Medications and Innovative Potential Medications to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Res 2022; 42:11. [PMID: 36320345 PMCID: PMC9595448 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Mason's presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Mason
- Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Skime M, Choi DS, Croarkin PE, Frye MA, Ngo Q, Skillon C, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Plasma TNFSF10 levels associated with acamprosate treatment response in patients with alcohol use disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986238. [PMID: 36120372 PMCID: PMC9475292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acamprosate is an anti-craving drug used in alcohol use disorder (AUD) pharmacotherapy. However, only a subset of patients achieves optimal treatment outcomes. The identification of predictive biomarkers of acamprosate treatment response in patients with AUD would be a substantial advance in addiction medicine. We designed this study to use proteomics data as a quantitative biological trait as a step toward identifying inflammatory modulators that might be associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. The NIAAA-funded Mayo Clinic Center for the Individualized Treatment of Alcoholism study had previously recruited 442 AUD patients who received 3 months of acamprosate treatment. However, only 267 subjects returned for the 3-month follow-up visit and, as a result, had treatment outcome information available. Baseline alcohol craving intensity was the most significant predictor of acamprosate treatment outcomes. We performed plasma proteomics using the Olink target 96 inflammation panel and identified that baseline plasma TNF superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10) concentration was associated with alcohol craving intensity and variation in acamprosate treatment outcomes among AUD patients. We also performed RNA sequencing using baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with known acamprosate treatment outcomes which revealed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with relapse to alcohol use during the 3 months of acamprosate treatment. These observations represent an important step toward advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of AUD and molecular mechanisms associated with acamprosate treatment response. In conclusion, applying omics-based approaches may be a practical approach for identifying biologic markers that could potentially predict alcohol craving intensity and acamprosate treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Quyen Ngo
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Cedric Skillon
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Tyler S. Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard M. Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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6
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Histopathological evidence that diethylene glycol produces kidney and nervous system damage in rats. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Wei L, Coombes B, Biernacka J, Skime M, Choi DS, Frye M, Schmidt K, Gliske K, Braughton J, Ngo Q, Skillon C, Seppala M, Oesterle T, Karpyak V, Li H, Weinshilboum R. Genome-wide association study for circulating FGF21 in patients with alcohol use disorder: Molecular links between the SNHG16 locus and catecholamine metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101534. [PMID: 35752286 PMCID: PMC9270258 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alcohol consumption can increase circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). The effects of FGF21 in the central nervous system are associated with the regulation of catecholamines, neurotransmitters that play a crucial role in reward pathways. This study aims to identify genetic variants associated with FGF21 levels and evaluate their functional role in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using DNA samples from 442 AUD subjects recruited from the Mayo Clinic Center for the Individualized Treatment of Alcoholism Study. Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using Olink proximity extension immunoassays. Alcohol consumption at time of entry into the study was measured using the self-reported timeline followback method. Functional genomic studies were performed using HepG2 cells and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids. Results Plasma FGF21 levels were positively correlated with recent alcohol consumption and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels, a commonly used marker for heavy alcohol use. One variant, rs9914222, located 5’ of SNHG16 on chromosome 17 was associated with plasma FGF21 levels (p = 4.60E-09). This variant was also associated with AUD risk (β: −3.23; p:0.0004). The rs9914222 SNP is an eQTL for SNHG16 in several brain regions, i.e., the variant genotype was associated with decreased expression of SNHG16. The variant genotype for the rs9914222 SNP was also associated with higher plasma FGF21 levels. Knockdown of SNHG16 in HepG2 cells resulted in increased FGF21 concentrations and decreased expression and enzyme activity for COMT, an enzyme that plays a key role in catecholamine metabolism. Finally, we demonstrated that ethanol significantly induced FGF21, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine concentrations in iPSC-derived brain organoids. Conclusions GWAS for FGF21 revealed a SNHG16 genetic variant associated with FGF21 levels which are associated with recent alcohol consumption. Our data suggest that SNHG16 can regulate FGF21 concentrations and decrease COMT expression and enzyme activity which, in turn, have implications for the regulation of catecholamines. (The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00662571) Plasma FGF21 levels are positively associated with recent alcohol use. GWAS for FGF21 revealed a SNHG16 genetic variant which might be associated with AUD. The rs9914222 SNP was an eQTL for SNHG16 in several brain regions. Ethanol could regulate SNHG16 expression, FGF21 levels and catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brandon Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristen Schmidt
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation; Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kate Gliske
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation; Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jacqueline Braughton
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation; Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Quyen Ngo
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation; Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cedric Skillon
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation; Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marvin Seppala
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation; Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tyler Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Victor Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Patterson JT, Koob GF, Anderson RI. Understanding Hyperkatifeia to Inform Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: An Assessment of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Research Portfolio. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:e53-e59. [PMID: 35469669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel I Anderson
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
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Blood glutamine synthetase signaling in alcohol use disorder and racial disparity. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35194024 PMCID: PMC8863875 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As of 2018, 14.4 million adults ages 18 and older in the U.S had alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only about 8% of adults who had AUD in the past year received treatment. Surveys have also shown racial disparities regarding AUD treatments. Thus, it is imperative to identify racial disparities in AUD patients, as it may indicate a specific underlying pathophysiology in an AUD subpopulation. To identify racial disparity in AUD, we enrolled 64 cohorts, including 26 AUD participants and 38 healthy controls, from Northwest Louisiana using community-based enrollment. Then, we used psychometric scales to assess alcohol drinking patterns and measured blood metabolites change using LC-MS/MS. Alcohol-related scales from the questionnaires did not differ between the Caucasian AUD participants and African-American AUD participants. From blood metabolomics analyses, we identified that 6 amino acids were significantly different by AUD status and or race. Interestingly, Caucasian AUD participants had a higher glutamate metabolism mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS). The correlation between blood glutamate/glutamine ratio and GS activity was only significant in the Caucasian AUD group whereas no changes were observed in African-American AUD group or controls. Taken together, our findings from this sample population demonstrate that blood GS is a potential biomarker associated with Caucasian AUD, which is an important step towards the application of a new pharmacological treatment for AUD.
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Wei L, Zhang L, Moon I, Geske JR, Skime MK, Choi DS, Biernacka JM, Oesterle TS, Frye MA, Seppala MD, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Genetic Variants Associated with Acamprosate Treatment Response in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: A Multiple Omics Study. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3330-3345. [PMID: 35016259 PMCID: PMC9177536 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Acamprosate is an anti‐craving drug used for the pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only some patients achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. This study was designed to explore differences in metabolomic profiles between patients who maintained sobriety and those who relapsed, to determine whether those differences provide insight into variation in acamprosate treatment response phenotypes. Experimental Approach We previously conducted an acamprosate trial involving 442 AUD patients, and 267 of these subjects presented themselves for a 3‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was abstinence. Clinical information, genomic data and metabolomics data were collected. Baseline plasma samples were assayed using targeted metabolomics. Key Results Baseline plasma arginine, threonine, α‐aminoadipic acid and ethanolamine concentrations were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes and baseline craving intensity, a measure that has been associated with acamprosate treatment response. We next applied a pharmacometabolomics‐informed genome‐wide association study (GWAS) strategy to identify genetic variants that might contribute to variations in plasma metabolomic profiles that were associated with craving and/or acamprosate treatment outcome. Gene expression data for induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived forebrain astrocytes showed that a series of genes identified during the metabolomics‐informed GWAS were ethanol responsive. Furthermore, a large number of those genes could be regulated by acamprosate. Finally, we identified a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. Conclusion and Implications These results serve as an important step towards advancing our understanding of disease pathophysiology and drug action responsible for variation in acamprosate response and alcohol craving in AUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
| | | | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
| | | | | | | | | | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wei L, Zhou Y, Moon I, Geske JR, Choi DS, Biernacka J, Frye M, Wen Z, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum R. TSPAN5 influences serotonin and kynurenine: pharmacogenomic mechanisms related to alcohol use disorder and acamprosate treatment response. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3122-3133. [PMID: 32753686 PMCID: PMC7858703 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that SNPs near TSPAN5 were associated with plasma serotonin (5-HT) concentrations which were themselves associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). TSPAN5 SNPs were also associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. The present study was designed to explore the biological function of TSPAN5 with a focus on 5-HT and kynurenine concentrations in the tryptophan pathway. Ethanol treatment resulted in decreased 5-HT concentrations in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuron culture media, and the downregulation of gene expression of TSPAN5, DDC, MAOA, MAOB, TPH1, and TPH2 in those cells. Strikingly, similar observations were made when the cells were treated with acamprosate-an FDA approved drug for AUD therapy. These results were replicated in iPSC-derived astrocytes. Furthermore, TSPAN5 interacted physically with proteins related to clathrin and other vesicle-related proteins, raising the possibility that TSPAN5 might play a role in vesicular function in addition to regulating expression of genes associated with 5-HT biosynthesis and metabolism. Downregulation of TSPAN5 expression by ethanol or acamprosate treatment was also associated with decreased concentrations of kynurenine, a major metabolite of tryptophan that plays a role in neuroinflammation. Knockdown of TSPAN5 also influenced the expression of genes associated with interferon signaling pathways. Finally, we determined that TSPAN5 SNPs were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes in AUD patients. In conclusion, TSPAN5 can modulate the concentrations of 5-HT and kynurenine. Our data also highlight a potentially novel pharmacogenomic mechanism related to response to acamprosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mark Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The misuse of alcohol in the United States continues to take a large toll on society, resulting in the deaths of about 88,000 Americans per year. Moreover, it is estimated that nearly 14.6 million Americans currently meet diagnostic criteria for current alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, very few individuals receive treatment, with an even smaller portion receiving medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AUD, despite scientifically rigorous evidence showing the benefits of combining medication approved for treating AUD with evidence-based behavioral therapy. These benefits include higher rates of abstinence and less risk of relapse to heavy drinking, with associated improvements in medical and mental health and in quality of life. This review provides an overview of FDA-approved medications and “off-label” drugs for the treatment of AUD. The article emphasizes that AUD medical advice and prescription recommendations should come from professionals with training in the treatment of AUD and that treatment plans should consider medication in conjunction with evidence-based behavioral therapy. Finally, this review notes the limited number of medications available and the continued need for the development of new pharmacotherapies to optimize AUD recovery goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Mason
- Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California. Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Charles J Heyser
- Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California. Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Mason
- Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif
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14
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Fu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Lian X, Tang J, Zhu F. Pharmacometabonomics: data processing and statistical analysis. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6236068. [PMID: 33866355 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual variations in drug efficacy, side effects and adverse drug reactions are still challenging that cannot be ignored in drug research and development. The aim of pharmacometabonomics is to better understand the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and monitor the drug effects on specific metabolic pathways. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent technological advances in pharmacometabonomics for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases as well as the metabolic effects of drugs on bodies. First, the advantages and disadvantages of all mainstream analytical techniques were compared. Second, many data processing strategies including filtering, missing value imputation, quality control-based correction, transformation, normalization together with the methods implemented in each step were discussed. Third, various feature selection and feature extraction algorithms commonly applied in pharmacometabonomics were described. Finally, the databases that facilitate current pharmacometabonomics were collected and discussed. All in all, this review provided guidance for researchers engaged in pharmacometabonomics and metabolomics, and it would promote the wide application of metabolomics in drug research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xichen Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics in Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
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15
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Muthubharathi BC, Gowripriya T, Balamurugan K. Metabolomics: small molecules that matter more. Mol Omics 2021; 17:210-229. [PMID: 33598670 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an analytical study with high-throughput profiling, helps to understand interactions within a biological system. Small molecules, called metabolites or metabolomes with the size of <1500 Da, depict the status of a biological system in a different manner. Currently, we are in need to globally analyze the metabolome and the pathways involved in healthy, as well as diseased conditions, for possible therapeutic applications. Metabolome analysis has revealed high-abundance molecules during different conditions such as diet, environmental stress, microbiota, and disease and treatment states. As a result, it is hard to understand the complete and stable network of metabolites of a biological system. This review helps readers know the available techniques to study metabolomics in addition to other major omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This review also discusses the metabolomics in various pathological conditions and the importance of metabolomics in therapeutic applications.
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16
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Demery-Poulos C, Chambers JM. Genetic variation in alcoholism and opioid addiction susceptibility and treatment: a pharmacogenomic approach. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2021016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Alcohol and opioid abuse have pervasive and detrimental consequences from the individual to societal level. The extent of genetic contribution to alcoholism has been studied for decades, yielding speculative and often inconsistent results since the previous discovery of two pharmacokinetic variants strongly protective against alcoholism. The neurobiology of addiction involves innumerate genes with combinatorial and epistatic interactions, creating a difficult landscape for concrete conclusions. In contrast, pharmacogenomic variation in the treatment of alcoholism yields more immediate clinical utility, while also emphasizing pathways crucial to the progression of addiction. An improved understanding of genetic predisposition to alcohol abuse has inherent significance for opioid addiction and treatment, as the two drugs induce the same reward pathway. This review outlines current knowledge, treatments, and research regarding genetic predisposition to alcoholism, focusing on pharmacodynamic variation within the dopaminergic system and shared implications for opioid abuse. Multifaceted and highly polygenic, the phenotype of addiction seems to grow more complex as new research extends the scope of its impact on the brain, body, and progeny.</p>
</abstract>
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17
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Alcohol. Alcohol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816793-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Poolakkandy RR, Menamparambath MM. Transition metal oxide based non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensors: An arising approach for the meticulous detection of neurotransmitter biomarkers. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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19
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Kärkkäinen O, Klåvus A, Voutilainen A, Virtanen J, Lehtonen M, Auriola S, Kauhanen J, Rysä J. Changes in Circulating Metabolome Precede Alcohol-Related Diseases in Middle-Aged Men: A Prospective Population-Based Study With a 30-Year Follow-Up. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2457-2467. [PMID: 33067815 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use has been associated with altered circulating metabolome. We investigated whether changes in the circulating metabolome precede incident diagnoses of alcohol-related diseases. METHODS This is a prospective population-based cohort study where the participants were 42- to 60-year-old males at baseline (years 1984 to 1989). Subjects who received a diagnosis for an alcohol-related disease during the follow-up were defined as cases (n = 92, mean follow-up of 13.6 years before diagnosis). Diagnoses were obtained through linkage with national health registries. We used 2 control groups: controls who self-reported similar levels of alcohol use as compared to cases at baseline (alcohol-controls, n = 92), and controls who self-reported only light drinking at baseline (control-controls, n = 90). A nontargeted metabolomics analysis of baseline serum samples was performed. RESULTS There were significant differences between the study groups in the baseline serum levels of 64 metabolites: in amino acids (e.g., glutamine [FDR-corrected q-value = 0.0012]), glycerophospholipids (e.g., lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 [q = 0.0008]), steroids (e.g., cortisone [q = 0.00001]), and fatty acids (e.g., palmitoleic acid [q = 0.0031]). The main finding was that after controlling for baseline levels of self-reported alcohol use and the biomarker of alcohol use, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and when compared to both alcohol-control and control-control group, the alcohol-case group had lower serum levels of asparagine (Cohen's d = -0.48 [95% CI -0.78 to -0.19] and d = -0.49 [-0.78 to -0.19], respectively) and serotonin (d = -0.45 [-0.74 to -0.15], and d = -0.46 [-0.75 to -0.16], respectively), with no difference between the two control groups (asparagine d = 0.00 [-0.29 to 0.29] and serotonin d = -0.01 [-0.30 to 0.29]). CONCLUSIONS Changes in the circulating metabolome, especially lower serum levels of asparagine and serotonin, are associated with later diagnoses of alcohol-related diseases, even after adjustment for the baseline level of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kärkkäinen
- From the, School of Pharmacy, (OK, ML, SA, JR), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, (AK, AV, JV, JK), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, (AK, AV, JV, JK), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, (AK, AV, JV, JK), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- From the, School of Pharmacy, (OK, ML, SA, JR), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- From the, School of Pharmacy, (OK, ML, SA, JR), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, (AK, AV, JV, JK), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- From the, School of Pharmacy, (OK, ML, SA, JR), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Voutilainen T, Kärkkäinen O. Changes in the Human Metabolome Associated With Alcohol Use: A Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:225-234. [PMID: 31087088 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The metabolome refers to the functional status of the cell, organ or the whole body. Metabolomic methods measure the metabolome (metabolite profile) which can be used to examine disease progression and treatment responses. Here, our aim was to review metabolomics studies examining effects of alcohol use in humans. METHODS We performed a literature search using PubMed and Web of Science for reports on changes in the human metabolite profile associated with alcohol use; we found a total of 23 articles published before end of 2018. RESULTS Most studies had investigated plasma, serum or urine samples; only four studies had examined other sample types (liver, faeces and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid). Levels of 51 metabolites were altered in two or more of the reviewed studies. Alcohol use was associated with changes in the levels of lipids and amino acids. In general, levels of fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine diacyls and steroid metabolites tended to increase, whereas those of phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyls and hydroxysphingomyelins declined. Common alterations in circulatory levels of amino acids included decreased levels of glutamine, and increased levels of tyrosine and alanine. CONCLUSIONS More studies, especially with a longitudinal study design, or using more varied sample materials (e.g. organs or saliva), are needed to clarify alcohol-induced diseases and alterations at a target organ level. Hopefully, this will lead to the discovery of new treatments, improved recognition of individuals at high risk and identification of those subjects who would benefit most from certain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Voutilainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Panin F, Peana AT. Sleep and the Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorder: Unfortunate Bedfellows. A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1164. [PMID: 31680952 PMCID: PMC6811753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep disorders are commonly associated with acute and chronic use of alcohol and with abstinence. To date, there are four approved drugs to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD): disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, and nalmefene. These AUD therapies reduce the craving and risk of relapse into heavy drinking, but little is known about their effect on sleep. As recent evidences indicate a crucial role of sleep disorders in AUD, claiming that sleep problems may trigger alcohol abuse and relapses, it is fundamental to clarify the impact of those drugs on the sleep quality of AUD patients. This systematic review aims to answer the question: how does the pharmacotherapy for AUD affect sleep? Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, and Scopus using sleep- and AUD pharmacotherapy-related keywords. The articles included were appraised using the CASP checklists, and the risk of bias was assessed following the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Finally, we pooled sleep outcomes in a meta-analysis to measure the overall effect. Results and Conclusion: We included 26 studies: only three studies focused on sleep as a main outcome, two with polysomnography (objective measurement), and one with subjective self-reported sleep, while all the other studies reported sleep problems among the adverse effects (subjective report). The only study available on disulfiram showed reduced REM sleep. Acamprosate showed no/little effect on self-reported sleep but improved sleep continuity and architecture measured by polysomnography. The two opioidergic drugs naltrexone and nalmefene had mainly detrimental effect on sleep, giving increased insomnia and/or somnolence compared with placebo, although not always significant. The meta-analysis confirmed significantly increased somnolence and insomnia in the naltrexone group, compared with the placebo. Overall, the currently available evidences show more sleep problems with the opioidergic drugs (especially naltrexone), while acamprosate seems to be well tolerated or even beneficial. Acamprosate might be a more suitable choice when patients with AUD report sleep problems. Due to the paucity of information available, and with the majority of results being subjective, more research on this topic is needed to further inform the clinical practice, ideally with more objective measurements such as polysomnography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Panin
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Laat B, Weerasekera A, Leurquin‐Sterk G, Gsell W, Bormans G, Himmelreich U, Casteels C, Van Laere K. Effects of alcohol exposure on the glutamatergic system: a combined longitudinal 18 F-FPEB and 1 H-MRS study in rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:696-706. [PMID: 29790622 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a longitudinal rat model of alcohol consumption, we showed that exposure to alcohol decreased the concentration of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex, whereas a normalization occurred during abstinence. 18F-FPEB PET scans revealed that pre-exposure mGluR5 availability in the nucleus accumbens was associated with future alcohol preference. Finally, alcohol exposure induced a decrease in mGluR5 availability in the bilateral hippocampus and amygdala compared with baseline, and in the hippocampus and striatum compared with saccharin (Figure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Laat
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven/University Hospital Leuven, Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
| | - Akila Weerasekera
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Biomedical MRI unitDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
| | - Gil Leurquin‐Sterk
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven/University Hospital Leuven, Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Biomedical MRI unitDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Laboratory for RadiopharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Biomedical MRI unitDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
| | - Cindy Casteels
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven/University Hospital Leuven, Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, MoSAICMolecular Small Animal Imaging Center Belgium
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven/University Hospital Leuven, Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Imaging and Pathology Belgium
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Germany CE, Reker AN, Hinton DJ, Oliveros A, Shen X, Andres-Beck LG, Wininger KM, Trutschl M, Cvek U, Choi DS, Nam HW. Pharmacoproteomics Profile in Response to Acamprosate Treatment of an Alcoholism Animal Model. Proteomics 2019; 18:e1700417. [PMID: 29437267 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acamprosate is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of alcoholism that is unfortunately only effective in certain patients. Although acamprosate is known to stabilize the hyper-glutamatergic state in alcoholism, pharmacological mechanisms of action in brain tissue remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism of acamprosate efficacy, the authors employ a pharmacoproteomics approach using an animal model of alcoholism, type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) null mice. The results demonstrate that acamprosate treatment significantly decreased both ethanol drinking and preference in ENT1 null mice compared to that of wild-type mice. Then, to elucidate acamprosate efficacy mechanism in ENT1 null mice, the authors utilize label-free quantification proteomics comparing both genotype and acamprosate treatment effects in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). A total of 1040 protein expression changes are identified in the NAc among 3634 total proteins detected. The proteomics and Western blot result demonstrate that acamprosate treatment decreased EAAT expression implicating stabilization of the hyper-glutamatergic condition in ENT1 null mice. Pathway analysis suggests that acamprosate treatment in ENT1 null mice seems to rescue glutamate toxicity through restoring of RTN4 and NF-κB medicated neuroimmune signaling compared to wild-type mice. Overall, pharmacoproteomics approaches suggest that neuroimmune restoration is a potential efficacy mechanism in the acamprosate treatment of certain sub-populations of alcohol dependent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ashlie N Reker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - David J Hinton
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Lindsey G Andres-Beck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katheryn M Wininger
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marjan Trutschl
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Urska Cvek
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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24
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Heikkinen N, Kärkkäinen O, Laukkanen E, Kekkonen V, Kaarre O, Kivimäki P, Könönen M, Velagapudi V, Nandania J, Lehto SM, Niskanen E, Vanninen R, Tolmunen T. Changes in the serum metabolite profile correlate with decreased brain gray matter volume in moderate-to-heavy drinking young adults. Alcohol 2019; 75:89-97. [PMID: 30513444 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze metabolite profile changes in serum associated with moderate-to-heavy consumption of alcohol in young adults and to evaluate whether these changes are connected to reduced brain gray matter volumes. These study population consisted of young adults with a 10-year history of moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption (n = 35) and light-drinking controls (n = 27). We used the targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to measure concentrations of metabolites in serum, and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain gray matter volumes. Alterations in amino acid and energy metabolism were observed in the moderate-to-heavy drinking young adults when compared to the controls. After correction for multiple testing, the group of moderate-to-heavy drinking young adults had increased serum concentrations of 1-methylhistamine (p = 0.001, d = 0.82) when compared to the controls. Furthermore, concentrations of 1-methylhistamine (r = -0.48, p = 0.004) and creatine (r = -0.52, p = 0.001) were negatively correlated with the brain gray matter volumes in the females. Overall, our results show association between moderate-to-heavy use of alcohol and altered metabolite profile in young adults as well as suggesting that some of these changes could be associated with the reduced brain gray matter volume.
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25
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Cao B, Jin M, Brietzke E, McIntyre RS, Wang D, Rosenblat JD, Ragguett RM, Zhang C, Sun X, Rong C, Wang J. Serum metabolic profiling using small molecular water-soluble metabolites in individuals with schizophrenia: A longitudinal study using a pre-post-treatment design. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:100-108. [PMID: 30156046 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We sought to compare alterations in serum bioenergetic markers within a well-characterized sample of adults with schizophrenia at baseline and after 8 weeks of pharmacological treatment with the hypothesis that treatment would be associated with significant changes in bioenergetic markers given the role of bioenergetic dysfunction in schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited adults with schizophrenia (n = 122) who had not received pharmacological treatment for at least 1 month prior to enrollment, including drug-naïve (i.e., first-episode) participants and treatment non-adherent participants. Pre- and post-treatment serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Metabolites with the greatest change, when comparing pre- and post-treatment levels, were identified revealing 14 water-soluble metabolites of interest. The composition of these metabolites was: amino acids (n = 6), carnitines (n = 4), polar lipids (n = 3), and organic acid (n = 1). All amino acids and lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPC) were increased, while the four carnitines - oleoylcarnitine, L-palmitoylcarnitine, linoleyl carnitine, and L-acetylcarnitine - were decreased post-treatment. Of these metabolite biomarkers, six - oleoylcarnitine, linoleyl carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, LysoPC(15:0), D-glutamic acid, and L-arginine - were identified as having most consistently and predictably changed after 8 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION The current study identified several bioenergetic markers that consistently change with pharmacological treatment. These bioenergetic changes may provide further insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia along with furthering our understanding of the mechanisms subserving both the effects (e.g., antipsychotic effects) and side-effects (e.g., metabolic syndrome) of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jin
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Renee-Marie Ragguett
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Carola Rong
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
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26
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Everett JR. Pharmacometabonomics: The Prediction of Drug Effects Using Metabolic Profiling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 260:263-299. [PMID: 31823071 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabonomics, also known as metabolomics, is concerned with the study of metabolite profiles in humans, animals, plants and other systems in order to assess their health or other status and their responses to experimental interventions. Metabonomics is thus widely used in disease diagnosis and in understanding responses to therapies such as drug administration. Pharmacometabonomics, also known as pharmacometabolomics, is a related methodology but with a prognostic as opposed to diagnostic thrust. Pharmacometabonomics aims to predict drug effects including efficacy, safety, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, prior to drug administration, via an analysis of pre-dose metabolite profiles. This article will review the development of pharmacometabonomics as a new field of science that has much promise in helping to deliver more effective personalised medicine, a major goal of twenty-first century healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Everett
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK.
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Lehikoinen AI, Kärkkäinen OK, Lehtonen MA, Auriola SO, Hanhineva KJ, Heinonen ST. Alcohol and substance use are associated with altered metabolome in the first trimester serum samples of pregnant mothers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 223:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jiang L, Lee SC, Ng TC. Pharmacometabonomics Analysis Reveals Serum Formate and Acetate Potentially Associated with Varying Response to Gemcitabine-Carboplatin Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1248-1257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Limiao Jiang
- Department
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MOE Key Lab of Environment and
Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department
of Diagnostic Radiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower
Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department
of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Cancer
Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Thian C. Ng
- Department
of Diagnostic Radiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower
Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Everett JR. NMR-based pharmacometabonomics: A new paradigm for personalised or precision medicine. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 102-103:1-14. [PMID: 29157489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling by NMR spectroscopy or hyphenated mass spectrometry, known as metabonomics or metabolomics, is an important tool for systems-based approaches in biology and medicine. The experiments are typically done in a diagnostic fashion where changes in metabolite profiles are interpreted as a consequence of an intervention or event; be that a change in diet, the administration of a drug, physical exertion or the onset of a disease. By contrast, pharmacometabonomics takes a prognostic approach to metabolic profiling, in order to predict the effects of drug dosing before it occurs. Differences in pre-dose metabolite profiles between groups of subjects are used to predict post-dose differences in response to drug administration. Thus the paradigm is inverted and pharmacometabonomics is the metabolic equivalent of pharmacogenomics. Although the field is still in its infancy, it is expected that pharmacometabonomics, alongside pharmacogenomics, will assist with the delivery of personalised or precision medicine to patients, which is a critical goal of 21st century healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Everett
- Medway Metabonomics Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Mason BJ. Emerging pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:244-253. [PMID: 28454983 PMCID: PMC5643030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification of different stages within the alcohol use disorder (AUD) cycle that are linked to neurocircuitry changes in pathophysiology associated with the negative emotional states of abstinence has provided a view of medication development for AUD that emphasizes changes in the brain reward and stress systems. Alcohol use disorder can be defined as a chronic relapsing disorder that involves compulsive alcohol seeking and taking, loss of control over alcohol intake, and emergence of a negative emotional state during abstinence. The focus of early medications development was to block the motivation to seek alcohol in the binge/intoxication stage. More recent work has focused on reversing the motivational dysregulations associated with the withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation stages during protracted abstinence. Advances in our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neuropharmacological mechanisms that are involved in the development and maintenance of the withdrawal/negative affect stage using validated animal models have provided viable targets for future medications. Another major advance has been proof-of-concept testing of potential therapeutics and clinical validation of relevant pharmacological targets using human laboratory models of protracted abstinence. This review focuses on future targets for medication development associated with reversal of the loss of reward function and gain in brain stress function that drive negative reinforcement in the withdrawal/negative affect stage of addiction. Basic research has identified novel neurobiological targets associated with the withdrawal/negative affect stage and preoccupation/anticipation stage, with a focus on neuroadaptive changes within the extended amygdala that account for the transition to dependence and vulnerability to relapse. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Mason
- The Pearson Center on Alcoholism and Addiction Research, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, TPC-5 La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
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Novel Applications of Metabolomics in Personalized Medicine: A Mini-Review. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071173. [PMID: 28703775 PMCID: PMC6152045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug responses and disease susceptibility is common in the clinic. Currently, personalized medicine is highly valued, the idea being to prescribe the right medicine to the right patient. Metabolomics has been increasingly applied in evaluating the therapeutic outcomes of clinical drugs by correlating the baseline metabolic profiles of patients with their responses, i.e., pharmacometabonomics, as well as prediction of disease susceptibility among population in advance, i.e., patient stratification. The accelerated advance in metabolomics technology pinpoints the huge potential of its application in personalized medicine. In current review, we discussed the novel applications of metabolomics with typical examples in evaluating drug therapy and patient stratification, and underlined the potential of metabolomics in personalized medicine in the future.
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Metabolomics biomarkers to predict acamprosate treatment response in alcohol-dependent subjects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2496. [PMID: 28566752 PMCID: PMC5451388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine for alcohol use disorder (AUD) allows optimal treatment of the right patient with the right drug at the right time. Here, we generated multivariable models incorporating clinical information and serum metabolite levels to predict acamprosate treatment response. The sample of 120 patients was randomly split into a training set (n = 80) and test set (n = 40) five independent times. Treatment response was defined as complete abstinence (no alcohol consumption during 3 months of acamprosate treatment) while nonresponse was defined as any alcohol consumption during this period. In each of the five training sets, we built a predictive model using a least absolute shrinkage and section operator (LASSO) penalized selection method and then evaluated the predictive performance of each model in the corresponding test set. The models predicted acamprosate treatment response with a mean sensitivity and specificity in the test sets of 0.83 and 0.31, respectively, suggesting our model performed well at predicting responders, but not non-responders (i.e. many non-responders were predicted to respond). Studies with larger sample sizes and additional biomarkers will expand the clinical utility of predictive algorithms for pharmaceutical response in AUD.
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Abstract
Although the precise drug mechanism of action of acamprosate remains unclear, its antidipsotropic effect is mediated in part through glutamatergic neurotransmission. We evaluated the effect of 4 weeks of acamprosate treatment in a cohort of 13 subjects with alcohol dependence (confirmed by a structured interview, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy glutamate levels in the midline anterior cingulate cortex (MACC). We compared levels of metabolites with a group of 16 healthy controls. The Pennsylvania Alcohol Craving Scale was used to assess craving intensity. At baseline, before treatment, the mean cerebrospinal fluid-corrected MACC glutamate (Glu) level was significantly elevated in subjects with alcohol dependence compared with controls (P = 0.004). Four weeks of acamprosate treatment reduced glutamate levels (P = 0.025), an effect that was not observed in subjects who did not take acamprosate. At baseline, there was a significant positive correlation between cravings, measured by the Pennsylvania Alcohol Craving Scale, and MACC (Glu) levels (P = 0.019). Overall, these data would suggest a normalizing effect of acamprosate on a hyperglutamatergic state observed in recently withdrawn patients with alcohol dependence and a positive association between MACC glutamate levels and craving intensity in early abstinence. Further research is needed to evaluate the use of these findings for clinical practice, including monitoring of craving intensity and individualized selection of treatment with antidipsotropic medications in subjects with alcohol dependence.
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Litten RZ. Nociceptin Receptor as a Target to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder: Challenges in Advancing Medications Development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2299-2304. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raye Z. Litten
- Division of Medications Development; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); Bethesda Maryland
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Everett JR. From Metabonomics to Pharmacometabonomics: The Role of Metabolic Profiling in Personalized Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:297. [PMID: 27660611 PMCID: PMC5014868 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable patient responses to drugs are a key issue for medicine and for drug discovery and development. Personalized medicine, that is the selection of medicines for subgroups of patients so as to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity, is a key goal of twenty-first century healthcare. Currently, most personalized medicine paradigms rely on clinical judgment based on the patient's history, and on the analysis of the patients' genome to predict drug effects i.e., pharmacogenomics. However, variability in patient responses to drugs is dependent upon many environmental factors to which human genomics is essentially blind. A new paradigm for predicting drug responses based on individual pre-dose metabolite profiles has emerged in the past decade: pharmacometabonomics, which is defined as “the prediction of the outcome (for example, efficacy or toxicity) of a drug or xenobiotic intervention in an individual based on a mathematical model of pre-intervention metabolite signatures.” The new pharmacometabonomics paradigm is complementary to pharmacogenomics but has the advantage of being sensitive to environmental as well as genomic factors. This review will chart the discovery and development of pharmacometabonomics, and provide examples of its current utility and possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Everett
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich Kent, UK
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