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Mochalski P, King J, Unterkofler K, Mayhew CA. Unravelling the origin of isoprene in the human body-a forty year Odyssey. J Breath Res 2024; 18:032001. [PMID: 38663377 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In the breath research community's search for volatile organic compounds that can act as non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases, hundreds of endogenous volatiles have been discovered. Whilst these systemic chemicals result from normal and abnormal metabolic activities or pathological disorders, to date very few are of any use for the development of clinical breath tests that could be used for disease diagnosis or to monitor therapeutic treatments. The reasons for this lack of application are manifold and complex, and these complications either limit or ultimately inhibit the analytical application of endogenous volatiles for use in the medical sciences. One such complication is a lack of knowledge on the biological origins of the endogenous volatiles. A major exception to this is isoprene. Since 1984, i.e. for 40 years, it has been generally accepted that the pathway to the production of human isoprene, and hence the origin of isoprene in exhaled breath, is through cholesterol biosynthesis via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway within the liver. However, various studies between 2001 and 2012 provide compelling evidence that human isoprene is produced in skeletal muscle tissue. A recent multi-omic investigation of genes and metabolites has revealed that this proposal is correct by showing that human isoprene predominantly results from muscular lipolytic cholesterol metabolism. Despite the overwhelming proof for a muscular pathway to isoprene production in the human body, breath research papers still reference the hepatic MVA pathway. The major aim of this perspective is to review the evidence that leads to a correct interpretation for the origins of human isoprene, so that the major pathway to human isoprene production is understood and appropriately disseminated. This is important, because an accurate attribution to the endogenous origins of isoprene is needed if exhaled isoprene levels are to be correctly interpreted and for assessing isoprene as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mochalski
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universität Innsbruck, Institute for Breath Research, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - J King
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universität Innsbruck, Institute for Breath Research, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Unterkofler
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universität Innsbruck, Institute for Breath Research, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C A Mayhew
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universität Innsbruck, Institute for Breath Research, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Wei S, Li Z, Murugappan K, Li Z, Lysevych M, Vora K, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Karawdeniya BI, Nolan CJ, Tricoli A, Fu L. Nanowire Array Breath Acetone Sensor for Diabetes Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309481. [PMID: 38477429 PMCID: PMC11109654 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute complication of diabetes characterized by the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Breath acetone, a ketone, directly correlates with blood ketones. Therefore, monitoring breath acetone can significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of diabetes care. In this work, the design and fabrication of an InP/Pt/chitosan nanowire array-based chemiresistive acetone sensor is reported. By incorporation of chitosan as a surface-functional layer and a Pt Schottky contact for efficient charge transfer processes and photovoltaic effect, self-powered, highly selective acetone sensing is achieved. The sensor has exhibited an ultra-wide acetone detection range from sub-ppb to >100 000 ppm level at room temperature, covering those in the exhaled breath from healthy individuals (300-800 ppb) to people at high risk of DKA (>75 ppm). The nanowire sensor has also been successfully integrated into a handheld breath testing prototype, the Ketowhistle, which can successfully detect different ranges of acetone concentrations in simulated breath samples. The Ketowhistle demonstrates the immediate potential for non-invasive ketone monitoring for people living with diabetes, in particular for DKA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wei
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Zhe Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Mineral ResourcesPrivate Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC3169Australia
- Nanotechnology Research LaboratoryResearch School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Mykhaylo Lysevych
- Australian National Fabrication FacilityThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Kaushal Vora
- Australian National Fabrication FacilityThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Buddini I Karawdeniya
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
| | - Christopher J Nolan
- School of Medicine and PsychologyCollege of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyThe Canberra HospitalGarranACT2605Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research LaboratoryResearch School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
- Nanotechnology Research LaboratoryFaculty of EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdown2006Australia
| | - Lan Fu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2600Australia
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Dubuisson C, Wortham H, Garinie T, Hossaert-McKey M, Lapeyre B, Buatois B, Temime-Roussel B, Ormeño E, Staudt M, Proffit M. Ozone alters the chemical signal required for plant - insect pollination: The case of the Mediterranean fig tree and its specific pollinator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170861. [PMID: 38354792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is likely to affect the chemical signal emitted by flowers to attract their pollinators through its effects on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and its high reactivity with these compounds in the atmosphere. We investigated these possible effects using a plant-pollinator interaction where the VOCs responsible for pollinator attraction are known and which is commonly exposed to high O3 concentration episodes: the Mediterranean fig tree (Ficus carica) and its unique pollinator, the fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes). In controlled conditions, we exposed fig trees bearing receptive figs to a high-O3 episode (5 h) of 200 ppb and analyzed VOC emission. In addition, we investigated the chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphere between O3 and pollinator-attractive VOCs using real-time monitoring. Finally, we tested the response of fig wasps to the chemical signal when exposed to increasing O3 mixing ratios (0, 40, 80, 120 and 200 ppb). The exposure of the fig tree to high O3 levels induced a significant decrease in leaf stomatal conductance, a limited change in the emission by receptive figs of VOCs not involved in pollinator attraction, but a major change in the relative abundances of the compounds among pollinator-attractive VOCs in O3-enriched atmosphere. Fig VOCs reacted with O3 in the atmosphere even at the lowest level tested (40 ppb) and the resulting changes in VOC composition significantly disrupted the attraction of the specific pollinator. These results strongly suggest that current O3 episodes are probably already affecting the interaction between the fig tree and its specific pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Dubuisson
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Henri Wortham
- LCE, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Tessie Garinie
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Martine Hossaert-McKey
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benoit Lapeyre
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Buatois
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Elena Ormeño
- IMBE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Avignon Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Staudt
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Magali Proffit
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD - 1919 route de Mende - 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Wang Y, Zhu Q, Liu S, Jiao L, Dong D. Rapid Determination of Different Ripening Stages of Occidental Pears ( Pyrus communis L.) by Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Foods 2024; 13:620. [PMID: 38397597 PMCID: PMC10887963 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Determination of Occidental pear (Pyrus communis) ripening is difficult because the appearance of Occidental pears does not change significantly during the ripening process. Occidental pears at different ripening stages release different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be used to determine fruit ripeness non-destructively and rapidly. In this study, VOCs were detected using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Notably, data were acquired within 1 min. Occidental pears harvested at five separate times were divided into three ripening stages: unripe, ripe, and overripe. The results showed that the composition of VOCs differed depending on the ripening stage. In particular, the concentrations of esters and terpenes significantly increased during the overripe stage. Three ripening stages were clearly discriminated by heatmap clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). This study provided a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate the ripening stages of Occidental pears. The result can help fruit farmers to decide the optimum harvest time and hence reduce their economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingzhen Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
| | - Songzhong Liu
- Institute of Forestry & Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Leizi Jiao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Daming Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Rajendran S, Silcock P, Bremer P. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced by Levilactobacillus brevis WLP672 Fermentation in Defined Media Supplemented with Different Amino Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:753. [PMID: 38398505 PMCID: PMC10892824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a promising approach to meet the increasing demand for meat or dairy plant-based analogues with realistic flavours. However, a detailed understanding of the impact of the substrate, fermentation conditions, and bacterial strains on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during fermentation is lacking. As a first step, the current study used a defined medium (DM) supplemented with the amino acids L-leucine (Leu), L-isoleucine (Ile), L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-threonine (Thr), L-methionine (Met), or L-glutamic acid (Glu) separately or combined to determine their impact on the VOCs produced by Levilactobacillus brevis WLP672 (LB672). VOCs were measured using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). VOCs associated with the specific amino acids added included: benzaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol with added Phe; methanethiol, methional, and dimethyl disulphide with added Met; 3-methyl butanol with added Leu; and 2-methyl butanol with added Ile. This research demonstrated that fermentation by LB672 of a DM supplemented with different amino acids separately or combined resulted in the formation of a range of dairy- and meat-related VOCs and provides information on how plant-based fermentations could be manipulated to generate desirable flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathadevi Rajendran
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Kilinochchi 44000, Sri Lanka
| | - Patrick Silcock
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Phil Bremer
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Abar T, Mestdagh H, Heninger M, Lemaire J. Analysis of VOCs in Liquids through Vaporization in a Tubular Oven Monitored by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1048. [PMID: 38400206 PMCID: PMC10891908 DOI: 10.3390/s24041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of chemical compounds present at trace levels in liquids is important not only for environmental measurements but also, for example, in the health sector. The reference technique for the analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in liquids is GC, which is difficult to use with an aqueous matrix. In this work, we present an alternative technique to GC to analyze VOCs in water. A tubular oven is used to completely vaporize the liquid sample deposited on a gauze. The oven is heated in the presence of a dinitrogen flow, and the gas is analyzed at the exit of the oven by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer developed in our laboratory. It is a low magnetic field Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) optimized for real-time analysis. The Proton Transfer Reaction (PTR) used during the Chemical Ionization event results in the selective ionization of the VOCs present in the gas phase. The optimization of the desorption conditions is described for the main operating parameters: temperature ramp, liquid quantity, and nitrogen flow. Their influence is studied using a 100 ppmv aqueous toluene solution. The analytical method is then tested on a mixture of seven VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel Heninger
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (T.A.); (H.M.); (J.L.)
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7
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Sandström H, Rissanen M, Rousu J, Rinke P. Data-Driven Compound Identification in Atmospheric Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306235. [PMID: 38095508 PMCID: PMC10885664 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol particles found in the atmosphere affect the climate and worsen air quality. To mitigate these adverse impacts, aerosol particle formation and aerosol chemistry in the atmosphere need to be better mapped out and understood. Currently, mass spectrometry is the single most important analytical technique in atmospheric chemistry and is used to track and identify compounds and processes. Large amounts of data are collected in each measurement of current time-of-flight and orbitrap mass spectrometers using modern rapid data acquisition practices. However, compound identification remains a major bottleneck during data analysis due to lacking reference libraries and analysis tools. Data-driven compound identification approaches could alleviate the problem, yet remain rare to non-existent in atmospheric science. In this perspective, the authors review the current state of data-driven compound identification with mass spectrometry in atmospheric science and discuss current challenges and possible future steps toward a digital era for atmospheric mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Sandström
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Rousu
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Hondo T, Miyake Y, Toyoda M. A Method for High Throughput Free Fatty Acids Determination in a Small Section of Bovine Liver Tissue Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction Combined with Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Medium Vacuum Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0141. [PMID: 38274031 PMCID: PMC10806282 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel ionization technique named medium vacuum chemical ionization (MVCI) mass spectrometry (MS), which is a chemical ionization using oxonium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) formed from water, has excellent compatibility with the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). We have studied a method to determine free fatty acids (FFAs) in a small section of bovine liver tissue using SFE/SFC-MVCI MS analysis without further sample preparation. A series of FFA molecules interact with the C18 stationary phase, exhibiting broad chromatographic peaks when using a non-modified CO2 as the mobile phase. It can be optimized by adding a small content of methanol to the mobile phase as a modifier; however, it may dampen the ionization efficiency of MVCI since the proton affinity of methanol is slightly higher than water. We have carefully evaluated the modifier content on the ion detection and column efficiencies. The obtained result showed that an optimized performance was in the range of 1 to 2% methanol-modified CO2 mobile phase for both column efficiency and peak intensity. Higher methanol content than 2% degrades both peak intensity and column efficiency. Using optimized SFC conditions, a section of bovine liver tissue sliced for 14 µm thickness by 1 mm square, which is roughly estimated as about 3300 hepatocytes, was applied to determine 18 FFAs amounts for carbon chains of C12-C24. An amount of each tested FFA was estimated as in the range of 0.07 to 2.6 fmol per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Hondo
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
- MS-Cheminformatics LLC, 2–13–21 Sasao-nishi, Toin, Inabe, Mie 511–0231, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyake
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
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Raio A, Brilli F, Neri L, Baraldi R, Orlando F, Pugliesi C, Chen X, Baccelli I. Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Ep2.2 inhibits growth of Botrytis cinerea through the emission of volatile organic compounds, restricts leaf infection and primes defense genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1235669. [PMID: 37849842 PMCID: PMC10577304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila is known to be beneficial for plants and has been frequently isolated from the rhizosphere of crops. In the present work, we isolated from the phyllosphere of an ornamental plant an epiphytic strain of S. rhizophila that we named Ep2.2 and investigated its possible application in crop protection. Compared to S. maltophilia LMG 958, a well-known plant beneficial species which behaves as opportunistic human pathogen, S. rhizophila Ep2.2 showed distinctive features, such as different motility, a generally reduced capacity to use carbon sources, a greater sensitivity to fusidic acid and potassium tellurite, and the inability to grow at the human body temperature. S. rhizophila Ep2.2 was able to inhibit in vitro growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea through the emission of volatile compounds. Simultaneous PTR-MS and GC-MS analyses revealed the emission, by S. rhizophila Ep2.2, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with well-documented antifungal activity, such as furans, sulphur-containing compounds and terpenes. When sprayed on tomato leaves and plants, S. rhizophila Ep2.2 was able to restrict B. cinerea infection and to prime the expression of Pti5, GluA and PR1 plant defense genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Orlando
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
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Reinecke T, Leiminger M, Jordan A, Wisthaler A, Müller M. Ultrahigh Sensitivity PTR-MS Instrument with a Well-Defined Ion Chemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11879-11884. [PMID: 37528801 PMCID: PMC10433242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is widely used for measuring organic trace gases in air. In traditional PTR-MS, both nonpolar and polar analytes are ionized with unit efficiency, as predicted from ion-molecule collision theories. This well-defined ion chemistry allows for direct quantification of analytes without prior calibration and therefore is an important characteristic of PTR-MS. In an effort to further increase the sensitivity, recently developed ultrahigh sensitivity chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) analyzers have, however, been reported to have sacrificed unit ionization efficiency for selected analytes or classes of analytes. We herein report on the development of a novel ultrasensitive PTR-MS instrument, the FUSION PTR-TOF 10k, which exhibits the same universal unit response as conventional PTR-MS analyzers. The core component of this analyzer is the newly designed FUSION ion-molecule reactor, which is a stack of concentric ring electrodes generating a static longitudinal electric field superimposed by a focusing transversal radiofrequency (RF) field. The FUSION PTR-TOF 10k instrument is equipped with an improved ion source, capable of switching between different reagent ions (H3O+, O2+, NO+, NH4+) in less than one second. The improved time-of-flight mass spectrometer analyzes m/z signals with a mass resolution in the 10000-15000 range. FUSION PTR-TOF 10k achieves sensitivities up to 80000 cps ppbV-1 and detection limits down to 0.5 pptV for a 1 s measurement time. We show time-series of naphthalene and 13C-napthalene as measured in ambient air in Innsbruck for demonstrating the sub-pptV detection capability of this novel FUSION PTR-TOF 10k.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reinecke
- IONICON
Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Leiminger
- IONICON
Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alfons Jordan
- IONICON
Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- IONICON
Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang X, Frankevich V, Ding J, Ma Y, Chingin K, Chen H. Direct mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled human breath in real-time. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 37565588 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular composition of exhaled human breath can reflect various physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable progress has been achieved over the past decade in real-time analysis of exhaled human breath using direct mass spectrometry methods, including selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, acetone-assisted negative photoionization mass spectrometry, atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Here, recent developments in direct mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled human breath are reviewed with regard to analytical performance (chemical sensitivity, selectivity, quantitative capabilities) and applications of the developed methods in disease diagnosis, targeted molecular detection, and real-time metabolic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Vladimir Frankevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of GCP, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Berndt T, Hoffmann EH, Tilgner A, Stratmann F, Herrmann H. Direct sulfuric acid formation from the gas-phase oxidation of reduced-sulfur compounds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4849. [PMID: 37563153 PMCID: PMC10415363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfuric acid represents a fundamental precursor for new nanometre-sized atmospheric aerosol particles. These particles, after subsequent growth, may influence Earth´s radiative forcing directly, or indirectly through affecting the microphysical and radiative properties of clouds. Currently considered formation routes yielding sulfuric acid in the atmosphere are the gas-phase oxidation of SO2 initiated by OH radicals and by Criegee intermediates, the latter being of little relevance. Here we report the observation of immediate sulfuric acid production from the OH reaction of emitted organic reduced-sulfur compounds, which was speculated about in the literature for decades. Key intermediates are the methylsulfonyl radical, CH3SO2, and, even more interestingly, its corresponding peroxy compound, CH3SO2OO. Results of modelling for pristine marine conditions show that oxidation of reduced-sulfur compounds could be responsible for up to ∼50% of formed gas-phase sulfuric acid in these areas. Our findings provide a more complete understanding of the atmospheric reduced-sulfur oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Erik H Hoffmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Atmospheric Microphysics Department (AMP), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Schlottmann F, Schaefer C, Kirk AT, Bohnhorst A, Zimmermann S. A High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Operation at Higher Pressures of up to 60 mbar. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:893-904. [PMID: 36999893 PMCID: PMC10161227 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometers (HiKE-IMS) are usually operated at absolute pressures around 20 mbar in order to reach high reduced electric field strengths of up to 120 Td for influencing reaction kinetics in the reaction region. Such operating points significantly increase the linear range and limit chemical cross sensitivities. Furthermore, HiKE-IMS enables ionization of compounds normally not detectable in ambient pressure IMS, such as benzene, due to additional reaction pathways and fewer clustering reactions. However, operation at higher pressures promises increased sensitivity and smaller instrument size. In this work, we therefore study the theoretical requirements to prevent dielectric breakdown while maintaining high reduced electric field strengths at higher pressures. Furthermore, we experimentally investigate influences of the pressure, discharge currents and applied voltages on the corona ionization source. Based on these results, we present a HiKE-IMS that operates at a pressure of 60 mbar and reduced electric field strengths of up to 105 Td. The corona experiments show shark fin shaped curves for the total charge at the detector with a distinct optimum operating point in the glow discharge region at a corona discharge current of 5 μA. Here, the available charge is maximized while the generation of less-reactive ion species like NOx+ is minimized. With these settings, the reactant ion population, H3O+ and O2+, for ionizing and detecting nonpolar substances like n-hexane is still available even at 60 mbar, achieving a limit of detection of just 5 ppbV for n-hexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schlottmann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaefer
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar T Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Bohnhorst
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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14
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Laguerre A, Brennan DL, Starry O, Rosenstiel TN, Gall ET. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions and CO 2 Uptake from Eco-roof Plants. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2023; 234:110158. [PMID: 37065504 PMCID: PMC10104446 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation plays an important role in biosphere-atmosphere exchange, including emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) that influence the formation of secondary pollutants. Gaps exist in our knowledge of BVOC emissions from succulent plants, which are often selected for urban greening on building roofs and walls. In this study, we characterize the CO2 uptake and BVOC emission of eight succulents and one moss using proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometry in controlled laboratory experiments. CO2 uptake ranged 0 to 0.16 μmol [g DW (leaf dry weight)]-1 s-1 and net BVOC emission ranges -0.10 to 3.11 μg [g DW]-1 h-1. Specific BVOCs emitted or removed varied across plants studied; methanol was the dominant BVOC emitted, and acetaldehyde had the largest removal. Isoprene and monoterpene emissions of studied plants were generally low compared to other urban trees and shrubs, ranging 0 to 0.092 μg [g DW]-1 h-1 and 0 to 0.44 μg [g DW]-1 h-1, respectively. Calculated ozone formation potentials (OFP) of the succulents and moss range 4×10-7 - 4×10-4 g O3 [g DW]-1 d-1. Results of this study can inform selection of plants used in urban greening. For example, on a per leaf mass basis, Phedimus takesimensis and Crassula ovata have OFP lower than many plants presently classified as low OFP and may be promising candidates for greening in urban areas with ozone exceedances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Laguerre
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Danlyn L. Brennan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Olyssa Starry
- Portland State University Honors College, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Elliott T. Gall
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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15
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Park SJ, Moon YK, Park SW, Lee SM, Kim TH, Kim SY, Lee JH, Jo YM. Highly Sensitive and Selective Real-Time Breath Isoprene Detection using the Gas Reforming Reaction of MOF-Derived Nanoreactors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7102-7111. [PMID: 36700612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Real-time breath isoprene sensing provides noninvasive methods for monitoring human metabolism and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the stable alkene structure and high humidity of the breath hinder sensitive and selective isoprene detection. In this work, we derived well-defined Co3O4@polyoxometalate yolk-shell structures using a metal-organic framework template. The inner space, including highly catalytic Co3O4 yolks surrounded by a semipermeable polyoxometalate shell, enables stable isoprene to be reformed to reactive intermediate species by increasing the gas residence time and the reaction with the inner catalyst. This sensor exhibited selective isoprene detection with an extremely high chemiresistive response (180.6) and low detection limit (0.58 ppb). The high sensing performance can be attributed to electronic sensitization and catalytic promotion effects. In addition, the reforming reaction of isoprene is further confirmed by the proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis. The practical feasibility of this sensor in smart healthcare applications is exhibited by monitoring muscle activity during the workout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ju Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kook Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Moo Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Münst MG, Barwa E, Beyer MK. Energy release and product ion fragmentation in proton transfer reactions of N 2H + and ArH + with acetone*. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian G. Münst
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erik Barwa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Mass spectrometry for breath analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Liu WT, Liao WC, Griffith SM, Chang CC, Wu YC, Wang CH, Wang JL. Characterization of odorous industrial plumes by coupling fast and slow mass spectrometry techniques for volatile organic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135304. [PMID: 35697108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a technique to chemically characterize odor issues in neighborhoods of designated industrial zones with pronounced emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Due to the elusive nature of odor plumes, speedy detection with sufficient sensitivity is required to capture the plumes. In this demonstration, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used as the front-line detection tool in an industrial zone to guide sampling canisters for in-laboratory analysis of 106 VOCs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The fast but less accurate PTR-MS coupled with the slow but accurate GC-MS/FID method effectively eliminates the drawbacks of each instrument and fortifies the strength of both when combined. A 10-day PTR-MS field screening period was conducted to determine suitable trigger VOC species with exceedingly high mixing ratios that were likely the culprits of foul odors. Twenty canister samples were then collected, triggered by m/z 43, 61 (ethyl acetate, fragments, EA), m/z 73 (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK), or m/z 88 (morpholine) in all cases. Internal consistency was confirmed by the high correlation of critical species in the PTR-MS and trigger samples. Several long-lived halocarbons were exploited as the intrinsic internal reference for quality assurance. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) accounted for 15%-75% of the total VOC mixing ratios in the triggered samples. However, EA and MEK, the most prominent OVOC species, did not appear to have common sources with morpholine, which presented with PTR-MS peaks incoherent with the other OVOCs. Nevertheless, these distinctive OVOC plumes were consistent with the multiple types of odor reported by the local residents. In contrast with the triggered sampling, random samples in the same industrial zone and roadside samples in a major metropolitan area were collected. The pronounced OVOC content in the triggered samples highlighted the advantage over random grab sampling to address odor issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tzu Liu
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Yue-Chuen Wu
- Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan 320217, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Heng Wang
- Center for Environmental Studies, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan.
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19
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Bao X, Zhang Q, Liang Q, Sun Q, Xu W, Lu Y, Xia L, Liu Y, Zou X, Huang C, Shen C, Chu Y. Increased Sensitivity in Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry by Using a Novel Focusing Quadrupole Ion Funnel. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13368-13376. [PMID: 36150177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity enhancement in proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is an important development direction. We developed a novel drift tube called a focusing quadrupole ion funnel (FQ-IF) for use in PTR-MS to improve the sensitivity. The FQ-IF consists of 20 layers of stainless steel electrodes, and each layer has 4 quarter rings. The first 6 layers have a constant inner hole diameter of 22 mm; the latter 14 layers taper the inner diameter down to 8 mm. The FQ-IF drift tube can also operate in the direct current (DC) mode (similar to a conventional drift tube) and ion funnel (IF) mode (similar to a conventional ion funnel drift tube) by changing the voltage loading method. The simulation results show that the transmission efficiency of the FQ-IF is significantly improved compared to that of the other two modes. Further experiments show that the product ions of limonene tend to convert into smaller m/z fragment ions at higher voltages for the DC and IF modes. However, unlike the DC and IF modes, the distribution of product ions is stable at higher voltages for the FQ-IF. In other words, a higher RF voltage for the FQ-IF will not increase the collision energy of ions. In addition, the improvements in sensitivity for the FQ-IF range from 13.8 to 87.9 times compared to the DC mode and from 1.7 to 4.8 times compared to the IF mode for the 12 test compounds. The improvements in the limit of detection (LOD) for the FQ-IF range from 2.7 to 35.7 times compared to the DC mode. The FQ-IF provides a valuable reference for improving the sensitivity of PTR-MS and other mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Bao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiangling Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Qu Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
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20
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Hondo T, Ota C, Miyake Y, Furutani H, Toyoda M. Microscale supercritical fluid extraction combined with supercritical fluid chromatography and proton-transfer-reaction ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for a magnitude lower limit of quantitation of lipophilic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463495. [PMID: 36126560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of proton transfer ionization reaction mass spectrometry (PTR MS) combined with microscale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) aiming to quantitate single-cell fatty acid analysis levels was investigated. Using a microscale extraction vessel, the obtained low limits of quantitation (LLOQs) of arachidonic acid and arachidic acid were 1.2 and 2.7 fmol, respectively, by using less than 1 µL of sample on stainless steel frit. A series of phthalate, vitamin K1, and α-tocopherol were also tested, and the LLOQ was less than one femtomole for phthalate and 35 and 13 fmol for vitamin K1 and α-tocopherol, respectively. A microliter portion of SFE extracts was introduced into the SFC column by split injection, improving the reproducibility of the chromatography and separation efficiency. The method in the present study has great potential to quantitate lipophilic molecules on the nanogram scale of a sample without complex preparation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Hondo
- MS-Cheminformatics LLC, Sasao-nishi 2-13-21, Toin, Inabe, Mie 511-0231, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Ota
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyake
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Center for Scientific Instrument Renovation and Manufacturing Support, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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21
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Zannoni N, Lakey PSJ, Won Y, Shiraiwa M, Rim D, Weschler CJ, Wang N, Ernle L, Li M, Bekö G, Wargocki P, Williams J. The human oxidation field. Science 2022; 377:1071-1077. [PMID: 36048928 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl (OH) radicals are highly reactive species that can oxidize most pollutant gases. In this study, high concentrations of OH radicals were found when people were exposed to ozone in a climate-controlled chamber. OH concentrations calculated by two methods using measurements of total OH reactivity, speciated alkenes, and oxidation products were consistent with those obtained from a chemically explicit model. Key to establishing this human-induced oxidation field is 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), which forms when ozone reacts with the skin-oil squalene and subsequently generates OH efficiently through gas-phase reaction with ozone. A dynamic model was used to show the spatial extent of the human-generated OH oxidation field and its dependency on ozone influx through ventilation. This finding has implications for the oxidation, lifetime, and perception of chemicals indoors and, ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zannoni
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Youngbo Won
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Donghyun Rim
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Charles J Weschler
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Environmental and Resource Engineering, DTU Sustain, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nijing Wang
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernle
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengze Li
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Environmental and Resource Engineering, DTU Sustain, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Environmental and Resource Engineering, DTU Sustain, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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22
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Meurs J, Sakkoula E, Cristescu SM. Real-Time Non-Invasive Monitoring of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Exhaled Breath. Front Chem 2022; 10:853541. [PMID: 35844640 PMCID: PMC9285658 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.853541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites produced by the gut microbiome as a result of the fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides. The most abundant SCFAs are acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid which make up 95% of this group of metabolites in the gut. Whilst conventional analysis SCFAs is done using either blood or fecal samples, SCFAs can also be detected in exhaled breath using proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight- mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) using H3O+ for ionization. However, no investigation has been performed to characterize the reactions of SCFAs with H3O+ and with other reagent ions, such as O2 + and NO+. Gas-phase samples of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were analyzed with SRI/PTR-ToF-MS under dry and humid conditions. The ions generated and their distribution was determined for each reagent ion. It was found the humidity did not influence the product ion distribution for each SCFA. Using H3O+ as a reagent ion, SRI/PTR-ToF-MS analysis of an exhaled breath sample was performed in real-time to demonstrate the methodology. The presence of SCFAs in exhaled breath was confirmed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath sampling repeatability was within acceptable limits (<15%) for an analytical methodology for each investigated SCFA. Nutritional intervention studies could potentially benefit from real-time monitoring of exhaled SCFAs as an alternative to measuring SCFAs invasively in blood or fecal samples since it is non-invasive, and requires minimal time investment from participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Meurs
- Exhaled Biomarkers and Exposure Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry & Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Sakkoula
- Exhaled Biomarkers and Exposure Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry & Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simona M Cristescu
- Exhaled Biomarkers and Exposure Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry & Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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23
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Pollok CH, Göbel C, Gómez JIS, Schlögl R, Ruland H. A Gas Generating System for Complex Gas Mixtures – Multifunctional Application in PTR Method Optimization and Downstream Methanol Synthesis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Helene Pollok
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion Stiftsstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christoph Göbel
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion Stiftsstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jorge Iván Salazar Gómez
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion Stiftsstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion Stiftsstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Holger Ruland
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion Stiftsstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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24
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Qualitative and quantitative determination of butanol in latex paint by fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463210. [PMID: 35700573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Butanol is a common organic solvent used in latex paint, and one of its isomers, tert-butanol, is toxic and can cause potential harm to the human body. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a qualitative and quantitative detection method for butanol isomers. In this study, we combined the advantages of rapid detection of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) with the separation and qualitative capabilities of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to achieve the detection of isomers, building a fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FastGC-PTR-MS) equipment. Firstly, the developed technology was optimized using standard samples of several common volatile organic compounds. The retention times of acetonitrile, acetone, and alcohols were less than 50 s, and the retention times of the benzene series were less than 110 s, on the premise that these isomers could be basically separated (resolution R > 1.0). Compared with a commercial GC-MS equipment, the detection times were shortened by 5-6 times and 2-4 times, respectively. Then the FastGC-PTR-MS was applied to detect the isomers of butanol in latex paint. The results showed that the headspace of brand D latex paint mainly contained five substances: tert-butanol, n-butanol, acetaldehyde, methanol, and acetone. Tert-butanol and n-butanol could be completely separated (R > 1.5). The concentration of tert-butanol was 4.41 ppmv, far below the 100 ppmv maximum allowable workplace concentration. The developed FastGC-PTR-MS can be used for rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of butanol isomers in latex paint. The new equipment has the potential to play an important role in indoor environmental safety applications.
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Monteiro S, Bundaleski N, Malheiro A, Cabral M, Teodoro OMND. Cross Contamination of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole in Cork Stoppers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6747-6754. [PMID: 35612600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cork stoppers are the preferred choice for sealing bottled wines around the world. However, the quality of cork stoppers is also defined by the presence of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which gives the wine an unpleasant moldy/musty taste. It is a matter of concern for both cork stopper manufacturers and wine producers whether TCA can be transported between stoppers. As little is known about cross contamination between stoppers, this work provides enough experimental data to discuss the extent of TCA transfer in naturally contaminated stoppers in the liquid and gas phase that can be useful to the cork industry and the wine industry. We found that when a clean stopper is soaked together with a contaminated one in hydro-alcoholic solution, 12% of the TCA can be transferred. In gas-phase contamination, only stoppers with 12 ng/L, or more, contaminate clean stoppers when enclosed together for several days. In a second experiment, where clean corks were exposed to a controlled contaminated environment, it was found that TCA contamination was not confined to the outermost layer of the stoppers. Based on these findings, some recommendations are given to prevent TCA cross contamination between stoppers during the cork stopper manufacturing, storage, wine making, and bottling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Monteiro
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica P-2829-516, Portugal
- Amorim Cork, S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 850, Santa Maria de Lamas 4536-904, Portugal
| | - Nenad Bundaleski
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica P-2829-516, Portugal
| | - Ana Malheiro
- Amorim Cork, S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 850, Santa Maria de Lamas 4536-904, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cabral
- Amorim Cork, S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 850, Santa Maria de Lamas 4536-904, Portugal
| | - Orlando M N D Teodoro
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica P-2829-516, Portugal
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Berndt T, Chen J, Kjærgaard ER, Møller KH, Tilgner A, Hoffmann EH, Herrmann H, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Kjaergaard HG. Hydrotrioxide (ROOOH) formation in the atmosphere. Science 2022; 376:979-982. [PMID: 35617402 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic hydrotrioxides (ROOOH) are known to be strong oxidants used in organic synthesis. Previously, it has been speculated that they are formed in the atmosphere through the gas-phase reaction of organic peroxy radicals (RO2) with hydroxyl radicals (OH). Here, we report direct observation of ROOOH formation from several atmospherically relevant RO2 radicals. Kinetic analysis confirmed rapid RO2 + OH reactions forming ROOOH, with rate coefficients close to the collision limit. For the OH-initiated degradation of isoprene, global modeling predicts molar hydrotrioxide formation yields of up to 1%, which represents an annual ROOOH formation of about 10 million metric tons. The atmospheric lifetime of ROOOH is estimated to be minutes to hours. Hydrotrioxides represent a previously omitted substance class in the atmosphere, the impact of which needs to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Eva R Kjærgaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik H Hoffmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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27
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Taiti C, Marone E, Fiorino P, Mancuso S. The olive oil dilemma: To be or not to be EVOO? chemometric analysis to grade virgin olive oils using 792 fingerprints from PTR-ToF-MS. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The chemical composition of exhaled breath was examined for volatile organic compound (VOC) indicators of sexual arousal in human beings. Participants (12-male, 12-female) were shown a randomized series of three emotion-inducing 10-min film clips interspersed with 3-min neutral film clips. The films caused different arousals: sports film (positive-nonsexual); horror film (negative-nonsexual); and erotic (sexual) that were monitored with physiological measurements including genital response and temperature. Simultaneously the breath was monitored for VOC and CO2. While some breath compounds (methanol and acetone) changed uniformly irrespective of the film order, several compounds did show significant arousal associated changes. For both genders CO2 and isoprene decreased in the sex clip. Some male individuals showed particularly strong increases of indole, phenol and cresol coincident with sexual arousal that decreased rapidly afterwards. These VOCs are degradation products of tyrosine and tryptophan, precursors for dopamine, noradrenalin, and serotonin, and therefore represent potential breath markers of sexual arousal.
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29
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Marques B, Kostenidou E, Valiente AM, Vansevenant B, Sarica T, Fine L, Temime-Roussel B, Tassel P, Perret P, Liu Y, Sartelet K, Ferronato C, D’Anna B. Detailed Speciation of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaust Emissions from Diesel and Gasoline Euro 5 Vehicles Using Online and Offline Measurements. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040184. [PMID: 35448445 PMCID: PMC9032894 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of vehicle exhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential to estimate their impact on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and, more generally, air quality. This paper revises and updates non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) tailpipe emissions of three Euro 5 vehicles during Artemis cold urban (CU) and motorway (MW) cycles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis is carried out for the first time on proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) datasets of vehicular emission. Statistical analysis helped to associate the emitted VOCs to specific driving conditions, such as the start of the vehicles, the activation of the catalysts, or to specific engine combustion regimes. Merged PTR-ToF-MS and automated thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometer (ATD-GC-MS) datasets provided an exhaustive description of the NMVOC emission factors (EFs) of the vehicles, thus helping to identify and quantify up to 147 individual compounds. In general, emissions during the CU cycle exceed those during the MW cycle. The gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle exhibits the highest EF during both CU and MW cycles (252 and 15 mg/km), followed by the port-fuel injection (PFI) vehicle (24 and 0.4 mg/km), and finally the diesel vehicle (15 and 3 mg/km). For all vehicles, emissions are dominated by unburnt fuel and incomplete combustion products. Diesel emissions are mostly represented by oxygenated compounds (65%) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (23%) up to C22, while GDI and PFI exhaust emissions are composed of monoaromatics (68%) and alkanes (15%). Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) range from 2.7 to 13% of the emissions, comprising essentially linear alkanes for the diesel vehicle, while naphthalene accounts up to 42% of the IVOC fraction for the gasoline vehicles. This work demonstrates that PMF analysis of PTR-ToF-MS datasets and GC-MS analysis of vehicular emissions provide a revised and deep characterization of vehicular emissions to enrich current emission inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Marques
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France; (E.K.); (B.T.-R.)
- French Agency for Ecological Transition, ADEME, 49000 Angers, France;
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Evangelia Kostenidou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France; (E.K.); (B.T.-R.)
| | - Alvaro Martinez Valiente
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.V.); (L.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Boris Vansevenant
- French Agency for Ecological Transition, ADEME, 49000 Angers, France;
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.V.); (L.F.); (C.F.)
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France; (P.T.); (P.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Thibaud Sarica
- CEREA, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, EdF R&D, 77455 Marne-la Vallée, France; (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Ludovic Fine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.V.); (L.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Brice Temime-Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France; (E.K.); (B.T.-R.)
| | - Patrick Tassel
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France; (P.T.); (P.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Pascal Perret
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France; (P.T.); (P.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yao Liu
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France; (P.T.); (P.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Karine Sartelet
- CEREA, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, EdF R&D, 77455 Marne-la Vallée, France; (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.V.); (L.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France; (E.K.); (B.T.-R.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (B.D.)
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30
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Stinson B, Laguerre A, Gall ET. Per-Person and Whole-Building VOC Emission Factors in an Occupied School with Gas-Phase Air Cleaning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3354-3364. [PMID: 35130699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using real-time measurements of CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air handler of an occupied middle school, we quantified source strengths for 249 VOCs and apportioned the source to the building, occupants and their activities, outdoor air, or recirculation air. For VOCs quantified in this study, there is a source to the outdoors of 8.6 ± 1.8 g/h in building exhaust air, of which 5.9 ± 1.7 g/h can be attributed to indoor sources (the building and occupants and their activities). The corresponding whole-building area emission factor from indoor sources is 1020 ± 300 μg/(m2 h), including reactive VOCs like isoprene and monoterpenes (33 ± 5.1 and 29 ± 5.7 μg/(m2 h), respectively). Per-person emission factors are calculated for compounds associated with occupants and their activities, e.g., monoterpenes are emitted at a rate of 280 ± 80 μg/(person h). The air handler included carbon scrubbing, reducing supply air concentrations of 125 compounds by 38 ± 19% (mean ± std. dev.) with a net removal of 2.4 ± 0.4 g/h of organic compounds from the building. This carbon scrubber reduces steady-state indoor concentrations of organics by 65 μg/m3 and the contribution of indoor sources of VOCs to the outdoor environment by ∼40%. These data inform the design and operation of buildings to reduce human exposure to VOCs inside buildings. These data indicate the potential for gas-phase air cleaning to improve both indoor air quality and reduce VOC emissions from buildings to the outdoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Stinson
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, 1930 Southwest 4th Avenue, Suite 400, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Aurélie Laguerre
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, 1930 Southwest 4th Avenue, Suite 400, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Elliott T Gall
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, 1930 Southwest 4th Avenue, Suite 400, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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31
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Ota C, Hondo T, Miyake Y, Furutani H, Toyoda M. Rapid Analysis of α-Tocopherol and Its Oxidation Products Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Proton Transfer Reaction Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2022; 11:A0108. [PMID: 36713809 PMCID: PMC9853115 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a rapid and sensitive analytical method for α-tocopherol and its oxidative products by combining online hyphenation of supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with proton transfer reaction (PTR) ionization mass spectrometry (MS). α-Tocopherol is a well-known antioxidant that plays a vital role in the antioxidant defense system in plant cells. However, studies on the cellular mechanisms of α-tocopherol have been limited owing to the lack of a rapid analytical method, which limits the comparison of plant cells incubated in various conditions. Additionally, complex sample preparation and long chromatography separation times are required. Moreover, the majority of the involved molecules are a combination of isomers, which must be separated before applying tandem MS. α-Tocopherol produces the α-tocopheroxyl radical in the first step of its antioxidant function; another ion with the same mass may also be generated from the source. SFC separation effectively distinguished the observed ions from their oxidative products in the sample and those produced during the ionization reaction process. This method enabled the measurement of α-tocopherol and its oxidative products such as α-tocopheroxyl radical and α-tocopheryl quinone in approximately 3 min per sample, including the time required for sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ota
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3–3–35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564–8680, Japan,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Hondo
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan,MS-Cheminformatics LLC, Sasao-nishi 2–13–21, Toin, Inabe, Mie 511–0231, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyake
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan,Center for Scientific Instrument Renovation and Manufacturing Support, Osaka University, 1–2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan,Correspondence to: Michisato Toyoda, Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan, e-mail:
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32
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Weraduwage SM, Rasulov B, Sahu A, Niinemets Ü, Sharkey TD. Isoprene measurements to assess plant hydrocarbon emissions and the methylerythritol pathway. Methods Enzymol 2022; 676:211-237. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Zannoni N, Li M, Wang N, Ernle L, Bekö G, Wargocki P, Langer S, Weschler CJ, Morrison G, Williams J. Effect of Ozone, Clothing, Temperature, and Humidity on the Total OH Reactivity Emitted from Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13614-13624. [PMID: 34591444 PMCID: PMC8529706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
People influence indoor air chemistry through their chemical emissions via breath and skin. Previous studies showed that direct measurement of total OH reactivity of human emissions matched that calculated from parallel measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath, skin, and the whole body. In this study, we determined, with direct measurements from two independent groups of four adult volunteers, the effect of indoor temperature and humidity, clothing coverage (amount of exposed skin), and indoor ozone concentration on the total OH reactivity of gaseous human emissions. The results show that the measured concentrations of VOCs and ammonia adequately account for the measured total OH reactivity. The total OH reactivity of human emissions was primarily affected by ozone reactions with organic skin-oil constituents and increased with exposed skin surface, higher temperature, and higher humidity. Humans emitted a comparable total mixing ratio of VOCs and ammonia at elevated temperature-low humidity and elevated temperature-high humidity, with relatively low diversity in chemical classes. In contrast, the total OH reactivity increased with higher temperature and higher humidity, with a larger diversity in chemical classes compared to the total mixing ratio. Ozone present, carbonyl compounds were the dominant reactive compounds in all of the reported conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zannoni
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengze Li
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nijing Wang
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernle
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International
Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International
Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarka Langer
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 41133 Göteborg, Sweden
- Division
of Building Services Engineering, Department of Architecture and Civil
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charles J. Weschler
- International
Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Environmental
and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Glenn Morrison
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-7431, United States
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Sauer C, Lorén A, Schaefer A, Carlsson PA. On-Line Composition Analysis of Complex Hydrocarbon Streams by Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ion-Molecule Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13187-13195. [PMID: 34551243 PMCID: PMC8495676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On-line composition analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures is highly desirable to determine the composition of process streams and to study chemical reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we show how the combination of time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion-molecule-reaction mass spectrometry (IMR-MS) can be used for compositional analysis of processed plant biomass streams. The method is based on the biomass-derived model compound 2,5-dimethylfuran and its potential catalytic conversion to valuable green aromatics, for example, benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) over zeolite β. Numerous conversion products can be determined and quantified simultaneously in a temporal resolution of 4 min-1 without separation of individual compounds. The realization of this method enables us to study activity, selectivity, and changes in composition under transient reaction conditions. For example, increasing isomerization of 2,5-dimethylfuran to 2,4-dimethylfuran, 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, and 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is observed as the catalyst is exposed to the reactant, while BTX and olefin formation is decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lorén
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Yeoman AM, Shaw M, Lewis AC. Estimating person-to-person variability in VOC emissions from personal care products used during showering. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1281-1291. [PMID: 33615569 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increasing fraction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions come from the domestic use of solvents, contained within myriad commonplace consumer products. Emission rates are often poorly characterized and depend significantly on individual behavior and specific product formulation and usage. Time-concentration profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) arising from the use of a representative selection of personal care products (PCPs) during showering are generated, and person-to-person variability in emissions calculated. A panel of 18 participants used a standardized set of products, dosages, and application times during showering in a controlled indoor bathroom setting. Proton transfer mass spectrometry was used to measure the in-room VOC evolution of limonene (representing the sum of monoterpenes), benzyl alcohol, and ethanol. The release of VOCs had reproducible patterns between users, but noticeable variations in absolute peak concentrations, despite identical amounts of material being used. The amounts of VOC emitted to air for one showering activity were as follows: limonene (1.77 mg ± 42%), benzyl alcohol (1.07 mg ± 41%), and ethanol (0.33 mg ± 78%). Real-world emissions to air were between 1.3 and 11 times lower than bottom-up estimates based on dynamic headspace measurements of product emissions rates, likely a result of PCPs being washed away before VOC evaporation could occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Yeoman
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, UK
| | - Marvin Shaw
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
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36
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Živković S, Skorić M, Ristić M, Filipović B, Milutinović M, Perišić M, Puač N. Rehydration Process in Rustyback Fern ( Asplenium ceterach L.): Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070574. [PMID: 34201481 PMCID: PMC8301159 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Severe environmental changes, such as drought, can delay growth, the development of plants, and induce injury to their tissues. However, a group of land plant species, called resurrection or desiccation-tolerant plants, is able to lose 95% of their cellular water and still remain viable for long periods, resuming full metabolic activity upon rehydration. Recovery from near-complete water loss is complex and requires the coordination of physical and chemical processes in the resurrection plants. Under stress conditions plants also synthesize and release a wide variety of volatile organic compounds with diverse biological and ecological functions. The rehydration process in resurrection rustyback fern (Asplenium ceterach) resulted in complete plant recovery within 72 h, accompanied by high emission of volatiles, mainly belonging to the group of fatty acid derivatives. These findings could have significant implications from biotechnological and ecological perspectives since the rustyback fern has been recently recognized as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Abstract When exposed to stressful conditions, plants produce numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have different biological and environmental functions. VOCs emitted during the rehydration process by the fronds of desiccation tolerant fern Asplenium ceterach L. were investigated. Headspace GC–MS analysis revealed that the volatiles profile of rustyback fern is mainly composed of fatty acid derivatives: isomeric heptadienals (over 25%) and decadienals (over 20%), other linear aldehydes, alcohols, and related compounds. Aerial parts of the rustyback fern do not contain monoterpene-type, sesquiterpene-type, and diterpene-type hydrocarbons or corresponding terpenoids. Online detection of VOCs using proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR–MS) showed a significant increase in emission intensity of dominant volatiles during the first hours of the rehydration process. Twelve hours after re-watering, emission of detected volatiles had returned to the basal levels that corresponded to hydrated plants. During the early phase of rehydration malondialdehyde (MDA) content in fronds, as an indicator of membrane damage, decreased rapidly which implies that lipoxygenase activity is not stimulated during the recovery process of rustyback fern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Ž.); (M.S.)
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Ž.); (M.S.)
| | - Mihailo Ristić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Milica Milutinović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mirjana Perišić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Nevena Puač
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.P.)
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Majchrzak T, Wojnowski W, Wasik A. Revealing dynamic changes of the volatile profile of food samples using PTR-MS. Food Chem 2021; 364:130404. [PMID: 34175628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Volatile compounds carry valuable information regarding the properties of foodstuffs. Volatiles emitted from food can be used as, for example, indicators of quality, shelf-life, or authenticity. A better understanding of the multitude of transformations which occur during food processing could facilitate the optimisation of production, increase the desirability of food products, and also their wholesomeness. However, as some of these transformations are fast-paced, it is necessary to monitor them using techniques which enable real-time determination of volatiles, such as proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Recent years have seen a marked increase in its use in food analysis, since it can be used to obtain insight into the dynamics of the monitored processes and can be the basis for precise quality control methods for food processing. This review highlights recent works in which PTR-MS was used in monitoring during foodstuffs production, preparation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Majchrzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Wojnowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hondo T, Ota C, Miyake Y, Furutani H, Toyoda M. Analysis of Nonvolatile Molecules in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6589-6593. [PMID: 33891393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton-transfer-reaction (PTR) mass spectrometry (MS) is capable of detecting trace-level volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gaseous samples in real time. Therefore, PTR-MS has become a popular method in many different study areas. Most of the currently reported PTR-MS applications are designed to determine volatile compounds. However, the method might be applicable for nonvolatile organic compound detection. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has been studied in the last 5 decades. This approach has high separation efficiency and predictable retention behavior, making separation optimization easy. Atmospheric ionization techniques, such as atmospheric chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), are the most studied SFC-MS interfaces. These processes require the addition of makeup solvents to prevent precipitation or crystallization of the solute while depressurizing the mobile phase. In contrast, the PTR process is carried out in a vacuum; supercritical carbon dioxide may release solute into the PTR flow tube without a phase transition as long as it is maintained above a critical temperature. Therefore, this might constitute yet another use for the SFC-MS interface. Caffeine and a few other nonpolar compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide were successfully detected with time-of-flight MS without adding solvent by using preliminarily assembled supercritical flow injection and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)-PTR interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Hondo
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,MS-Cheminformatics LLC, 2-13-21 Sasaonishi, Toin, Mie 511-0231, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ota
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyake
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Scientific Instrument Renovation and Manufacturing Support, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Tholl D, Hossain O, Weinhold A, Röse USR, Wei Q. Trends and applications in plant volatile sampling and analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:314-325. [PMID: 33506558 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants serve as information and defense chemicals in mutualistic and antagonistic interactions and mitigate effects of abiotic stress. Passive and dynamic sampling techniques combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have become routine tools to measure emissions of VOCs and determine their various functions. More recently, knowledge of the roles of plant VOCs in the aboveground environment has led to the exploration of similar functions in the soil and rhizosphere. Moreover, VOC patterns have been recognized as sensitive and time-dependent markers of biotic and abiotic stress. This focused review addresses these developments by presenting recent progress in VOC sampling and analysis. We show advances in the use of small, inexpensive sampling devices and describe methods to monitor plant VOC emissions in the belowground environment. We further address latest trends in real-time measurements of volatilomes in plant phenotyping and most recent developments of small portable devices and VOC sensors for non-invasive VOC fingerprinting of plant disease. These technologies allow for innovative approaches to study plant VOC biology and application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Oindrila Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, Norther Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ursula S R Röse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, Norther Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Lee JH, Zhu J. Analyses of short-chain fatty acids and exhaled breath volatiles in dietary intervention trials for metabolic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:778-789. [PMID: 33327781 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220979952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to pharmacological treatment to diseases, lifestyle interventions, such as dietary changes and physical activities, can help maintain healthy metabolic conditions. Recently, the emerging analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from plasma/feces have been considered as useful tools for the diagnosis and mechanistic understanding of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, diet-induced changes of SCFAs in individuals with diagnosed metabolic abnormalities have been correlated with the composition changes of the gut microbiome. More interestingly, the analysis of exhaled breath (breathomics) has gained attention as a useful technique to measure the human VOC profile altered as a result of dietary interventions. In this mini-review, we examined recent clinical trials that performed promising dietary interventions, SCFAs analysis in plasma/feces, and VOC profile analysis in exhaling breath to understand the relationship between dietary intervention and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Hj Lee
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Cartoni Mancinelli A, Silletti E, Mattioli S, Dal Bosco A, Sebastiani B, Menchetti L, Koot A, van Ruth S, Castellini C. Fatty acid profile, oxidative status, and content of volatile organic compounds in raw and cooked meat of different chicken strains. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1273-1282. [PMID: 33518084 PMCID: PMC7858157 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, it is more susceptible to lipid oxidation and production of volatile organic compounds (VOC). In this study, we evaluated the fatty acids, antioxidants, and VOC profiles of raw and cooked meat samples derived from 4 strains of chicken differing in their growth rates, which were as follows: slow-growing (SG, Leghorn), medium-growing (MG, Hubbard and Naked Neck), and fast-growing (FG, Ross). The VOC profile of meat was measured using proton-transfer reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR–MS). The VOC were identified using PTR–time of flight-MS (PTR-ToF-MS). The data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate models. Twenty main VOC were identified, which were classified into the following chemical categories: aldehydes, alkadienes, alkenes, furans, amides, alcohols, and other compounds. Our results revealed that the chicken genotype and the method of cooking strongly influenced the VOC profile of the meat. Identifying the relationships between these traits allowed us to highlight the trade-off of the main substrates such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), protective substances (antioxidants), and degradation products (VOC) of the poultry meat produced during cooking. The extent of VOC production and n-3 loss was found to be higher for the SG genotype. Reduction of n-6 was higher in MG, whereas small losses in antioxidants and PUFA were observed in the FG genotype, consequently, resulting in the lowest production of VOC. The SG and MG are genotypes more active from a kinetic point of view respect to the FG ones. For this reason, in the FG genotypes, the antioxidants are less involved in the oxidative stress induced by the movement; thus, they were available to protect the lipid of the meat during the cooking process. These results suggested that the use of SG and MG genotypes requires a specific dietary protocol (i.e., increasing the antioxidants content) to counteract the lipid oxidations in all the phases: in vivo, postmortem, and during/after cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - E Silletti
- Department of Authenticity and Nutrients, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Koot
- Department of Authenticity and Nutrients, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S van Ruth
- Department of Authenticity and Nutrients, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Bekö G, Wargocki P, Wang N, Li M, Weschler CJ, Morrison G, Langer S, Ernle L, Licina D, Yang S, Zannoni N, Williams J. The Indoor Chemical Human Emissions and Reactivity (ICHEAR) project: Overview of experimental methodology and preliminary results. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:1213-1228. [PMID: 32424858 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual reduction of emissions from building products, emissions from human occupants become more dominant indoors. The impact of human emissions on indoor air quality is inadequately understood. The aim of the Indoor Chemical Human Emissions and Reactivity (ICHEAR) project was to examine the impact on indoor air chemistry of whole-body, exhaled, and dermally emitted human bioeffluents under different conditions comprising human factors (t-shirts/shorts vs long-sleeve shirts/pants; age: teenagers, young adults, and seniors) and a variety of environmental factors (moderate vs high air temperature; low vs high relative humidity; presence vs absence of ozone). A series of human subject experiments were performed in a well-controlled stainless steel climate chamber. State-of-the-art measurement technologies were used to quantify the volatile organic compounds emitted by humans and their total OH reactivity; ammonia, nanoparticle, fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP), and microbial emissions; and skin surface chemistry. This paper presents the design of the project, its methodologies, and preliminary results, comparing identical measurements performed with five groups, each composed of 4 volunteers (2 males and 2 females). The volunteers wore identical laundered new clothes and were asked to use the same set of fragrance-free personal care products. They occupied the ozone-free (<2 ppb) chamber for 3 hours (morning) and then left for a 10-min lunch break. Ozone (target concentration in occupied chamber ~35 ppb) was introduced 10 minutes after the volunteers returned to the chamber, and the measurements continued for another 2.5 hours. Under a given ozone condition, relatively small differences were observed in the steady-state concentrations of geranyl acetone, 6MHO, and 4OPA between the five groups. Larger variability was observed for acetone and isoprene. The absence or presence of ozone significantly influenced the steady-state concentrations of acetone, geranyl acetone, 6MHO, and 4OPA. Results of replicate experiments demonstrate the robustness of the experiments. Higher repeatability was achieved for dermally emitted compounds and their reaction products than for constituents of exhaled breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bekö
- Department of Civil Engineering, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- Department of Civil Engineering, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nijing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengze Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Charles J Weschler
- Department of Civil Engineering, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Glenn Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarka Langer
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Göteborg, Sweden
- Division of Building Services Engineering, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ernle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dusan Licina
- Human-Oriented Built Environment Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shen Yang
- Human-Oriented Built Environment Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Zannoni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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Lewis AC, Hopkins JR, Carslaw DC, Hamilton JF, Nelson BS, Stewart G, Dernie J, Passant N, Murrells T. An increasing role for solvent emissions and implications for future measurements of volatile organic compounds. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190328. [PMID: 32981432 PMCID: PMC7536026 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a broad class of air pollutants which act as precursors to tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Total UK emissions of anthropogenic VOCs peaked in 1990 at 2,840 kt yr-1 and then declined to approximately 810 kt yr-1 in 2017 with large reductions in road transport and fugitive fuel emissions. The atmospheric concentrations of many non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the UK have been observed to fall over this period in broadly similar proportions. The relative contribution to emissions from solvents and industrial processes is estimated to have increased from approximately 35% in 1990 to approximately 63% in 2017. In 1992, UK national monitoring quantified 19 of the 20 most abundant individual anthropogenic VOCs emitted (all were NMHCs), but by 2017 monitoring captured only 13 of the top 20 emitted VOCs. Ethanol is now estimated to be the most important VOC emitted by mass (in 2017 approx. 136 kt yr-1 and approx. 16.8% of total emissions) followed by n-butane (52.4 kt yr-1) and methanol (33.2 kt yr-1). Alcohols have grown in significance representing approximately 10% of emissions in 1990 rising to approximately 30% in 2017. The increased role of solvent emissions should now be reflected in European monitoring strategies to verify total VOC emission reduction obligations in the National Emissions Ceiling Directive. Adding ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone and 2-propanol to the existing NMHC measurements would provide full coverage of the 20 most significant VOCs emitted on an annual mass basis. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair C. Lewis
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jim R. Hopkins
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David C. Carslaw
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Ricardo Energy and Environment Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0QR, UK
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Beth S. Nelson
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gareth Stewart
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James Dernie
- Ricardo Energy and Environment Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0QR, UK
| | - Neil Passant
- Ricardo Energy and Environment Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0QR, UK
| | - Tim Murrells
- Ricardo Energy and Environment Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0QR, UK
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Liang Q, Bao X, Sun Q, Zhang Q, Zou X, Huang C, Shen C, Chu Y. Imaging VOC distribution in cities and tracing VOC emission sources with a novel mobile proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114628. [PMID: 32806440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Tracing VOC pollution sources is important for controlling VOC emissions and reducing O3 and SOAs. We built a novel mobile proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (M-PTR-MS) instrument to image the distribution of VOCs and trace their emission sources in cities and industrial parks. The M-PTR-MS is composed of a vibration-resistant proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) with a global positioning system receiver, modified box vehicle, and geographic information system (GIS) software. The PTR-MS, mounted on a vehicle, sends VOC data and vehicle position information to the GIS software. These data are used to image the space distribution of VOCs in real time while the vehicle platform is in motion and the VOC sources are precisely traced using the GIS. The spatial data resolution of the M-PTR-MS is typically 0.8 m. The limits of detection, sensitivity, and repeatability of the M-PTR-MS are 43.5 ppt, 347 counts ppb-1, and 2.4% (RSD, n = 5), respectively. The intensity of reagent ions is stable over 8 h (RSD = 0.45%). Compared with commercial PTR-MS equipment, the M-PTR-MS demonstrated high consistency, with a correlation coefficient of 92.665%. Several field experiments were conducted in China using the M-PTR-MS. In one field experiment, the VOC distribution along three different routes was surveyed; the navigation monitoring lasted 1.8 h over a distance of 26.7 km at an average speed of 15 km h-1. The VOC sources in an industrial park were identified by analyzing the components near different factories. The main species from a VOC source in an underground garage was related to paint. The M-PTR-MS instrument can be used by environmental protection agencies to trace VOC pollution sources in real time, and by researchers to survey VOC emissions in regions of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xun Bao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qiangling Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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Banik GD, Mizaikoff B. Exhaled breath analysis using cavity-enhanced optical techniques: a review. J Breath Res 2020; 14:043001. [PMID: 32969348 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abaf07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopies (CEAS) have gained importance in a wide range of applications in molecular spectroscopy. The development of optical sensors based on the CEAS techniques coupled with the continuous wave or pulsed laser sources operating in the mid-infrared or near-infrared spectral regime uniquely offers molecularly selective and ultra-sensitive detection of trace species in complex matrices including exhaled human breath. In this review, we discussed recent applications of CEAS for analyzing trace constituents within the exhaled breath matrix facilitating the non-invasive assessment of human health status. Next to a brief discussion on the mechanisms of formation of trace components found in the exhaled breath matrix related to particular disease states, existing challenges in CEAS and future development towards non-invasive clinical diagnostics will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab D Banik
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Bianchi T, Guerrero L, Weesepoel Y, Argyris J, Koot A, Gratacós-Cubarsí M, Garcia-Mas J, van Ruth S, Hortós M. Linking sensory and proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry analyses for the assessment of melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) quality traits. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang Y, Luo H, Liu R, Li G, Yu Y, An T. The exposure risk of typical VOCs to the human beings via inhalation based on the respiratory deposition rates by proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometer. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110615. [PMID: 32325328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory deposition rates are the important analytical parameters for human health risk assessment related to the environmental volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In present study, the deposition rates from the linear regressions of CH2O, CH5N, C2H6O, C2H4O2, C3H8O, C6H6, C7H8, C8H8, and C8H10 of 120 healthy volunteers were obtained with significantly different from the respective calculated deposition rates. The CH2O (formaldehyde) has the highest deposition rate, indicating the highest associated exposure risk of CH2O if the persons are exposed to the same concentrations of these VOCs through inhalation. In order to explore the effects of the breathing models and sampling time on the deposition rates of VOCs, volunteers were first asked to breathe successively with nasal-in-nasal-out, oral-in-nasal-out, and oral-in-oral-out breathing models before and after three meals for three days. Sampling time variation has no effect on the deposition rates of selected VOCs, while the deposition rates of C2H4O2, C3H8O, C6H6, C7H8 and C8H10 by nasal-in-nasal-out were significantly different from oral-in-oral-out and nasal-in-oral-out models. Among all the breathing models, nasal-in-oral-out comprises the entire respiratory system. In order to further validate the results, the deposition rates of the selected VOCs were calculated in 120 healthy volunteers using nasal-in-oral-out breathing model for unlimited time after the conventional lung function examination. Difference in gender and body mass index had no effect on the deposition rates of VOCs, while the age affects the deposition rates of CH2O, CH5N and C2H4O2. Positive correlation analysis between lung function factors and deposition rates revealed that the individuals with larger lung function factors are more susceptible to deposit the VOCs. Overall, the main conclusion can be drawn that the respiratory deposition rates were influenced by the physiological factors. Therefore, the major objective for future research is to accurately calculate the deposition rates of environmental VOCs for health-risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Guo Y, Jud W, Ghirardo A, Antritter F, Benz JP, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Sniffing fungi - phenotyping of volatile chemical diversity in Trichoderma species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:244-259. [PMID: 32155672 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in the interaction of fungi with plants and other organisms. A systematic study of the global fungal VOC profiles is still lacking, though it is a prerequisite for elucidating the mechanisms of VOC-mediated interactions. Here we present a versatile system enabling a high-throughput screening of fungal VOCs under controlled temperature. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we characterized the volatile metabolic fingerprints of four Trichoderma spp. over a 48 h growth period. The developed platform allows automated and fast detection of VOCs from up to 14 simultaneously growing fungal cultures in real time. The comprehensive analysis of fungal odors is achieved by employing proton transfer reaction-time of flight-MS and GC-MS. The data-mining strategy based on multivariate data analysis and machine learning allows the volatile metabolic fingerprints to be uncovered. Our data revealed dynamic, development-dependent and extremely species-specific VOC profiles from the biocontrol genus Trichoderma. The two mass spectrometric approaches were highly complementary to each other, together revealing a novel, dynamic view to the fungal VOC release. This analytical system could be used for VOC-based chemotyping of diverse small organisms, or more generally, for any in vivo and in vitro real-time headspace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Jud
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Antritter
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Bach A, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Llusià J, Filella I, Maneja R, Penuelas J. Human Breathable Air in a Mediterranean Forest: Characterization of Monoterpene Concentrations under the Canopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124391. [PMID: 32570891 PMCID: PMC7344780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes have been identified as potential determinants of the human health effects induced by forest exposure. The present study characterizes the total monoterpene concentrations at nose height in a Mediterranean Holm oak forest located in North-East Iberian Peninsula during the annual emission peak (summer and autumn: June to November) using a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Results show a strong variability of the total monoterpene concentrations in season and daytime. The concentration peak appears during July and August. These two months displayed two average maxima in their diel cycles: One during early morning (from 6:00 to 8:00, 0.30 ppbv for July and 0.41 ppbv for August) and another one at early afternoon (from 13:00 to 15:00, 0.27 ppbv during July and 0.32 ppbv during August). Monoterpene concentrations were strongly related with the temperature (exponentially) and solar radiation (rectangular hyperbolic relationship). The concentrations registered here are similar or higher than in previous ex situ studies showcasing the effects of forests on human health. These findings provide relevant data for the scientific and healthcare community by improving the understanding of monoterpene dynamics at nose height and suggesting further research on the effects of forests on human health, particularly in the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bach
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Z Building, ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les columnes, UAB Campus, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH Lab), Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Crta. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935868654
| | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.); (I.F.); (J.P.)
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.); (I.F.); (J.P.)
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.); (I.F.); (J.P.)
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Maneja
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH Lab), Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Crta. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain;
- Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Crta. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain
- Geography Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), B Building, UAB Campus, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.); (I.F.); (J.P.)
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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PTR-ToF-MS for the Online Monitoring of Alcoholic Fermentation in Wine: Assessment of VOCs Variability Associated with Different Combinations of Saccharomyces/Non-Saccharomyces as a Case-Study. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of the alcoholic fermentation (AF) in wine is crucial to shaping product quality. Numerous variables (e.g., grape varieties, yeast species/strains, technological parameters) can affect the performances of this fermentative bioprocess. The fact that these variables are often interdependent, with a high degree of interaction, leads to a huge ‘oenological space’ associated with AF that scientists and professionals have explored to obtain the desired quality standards in wine and to promote innovation. This challenge explains the high interest in approaches tested to monitor this bioprocess including those using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as target molecules. Among direct injection mass spectrometry approaches, no study has proposed an untargeted online investigation of the diversity of volatiles associated with the wine headspace. This communication proposed the first application of proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometry coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer (PTR-ToF-MS) to follow the progress of AF and evaluate the impact of the different variables of wine quality. As a case study, the assessment of VOC variability associated with different combinations of Saccharomyces/non-Saccharomyces was selected. The different combinations of microbial resources in wine are among the main factors susceptible to influencing the content of VOCs associated with the wine headspaces. In particular, this investigation explored the effect of multiple combinations of two Saccharomyces strains and two non-Saccharomyces strains (belonging to the species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii) on the content of VOCs in wine, inoculated both in commercial grape juice and fresh grape must. The results demonstrated the possible exploitation of non-invasive PTR-ToF-MS monitoring to explore, using VOCs as biomarkers, (i) the huge number of variables influencing AF in wine, and (ii) applications of single/mixed starter cultures in wine. Reported preliminary findings underlined the presence of different behaviors on grape juice and on must, respectively, and confirmed differences among the single yeast strains ‘volatomes’. It was one of the first studies to include the simultaneous inoculation on two non-Saccharomyces species together with a S. cerevisiae strain in terms of VOC contribution. Among the other outcomes, evidence suggests that the addition of M. pulcherrima to the coupled S. cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii can modify the global release of volatiles as a function of the characteristics of the fermented matrix.
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