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Zhang J, Mao Z, Zhang D, Guo L, Zhao H, Miao M. Mass spectrometry imaging as a promising analytical technique for herbal medicines: an updated review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442870. [PMID: 39148546 PMCID: PMC11324582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have long played a pivotal role in preventing and treating various human diseases and have been studied widely. However, the complexities present in HM metabolites and their unclear mechanisms of action have posed significant challenges in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Over the past two decades, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has garnered increasing attention as a robust analytical technique that enables the simultaneous execution of qualitative, quantitative, and localization analyses without complex sample pretreatment. With advances in technical solutions, MSI has been extensively applied in the field of HMs. MSI, a label-free ion imaging technique can comprehensively map the spatial distribution of HM metabolites in plant native tissues, thereby facilitating the effective quality control of HMs. Furthermore, the spatial dimension information of small molecule endogenous metabolites within animal tissues provided by MSI can also serve as a supplement to uncover pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of HMs. In the review, we provide an overview of the three most common MSI techniques. In addition, representative applications in HM are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose several potential solutions. We hope that the summary of recent findings will contribute to the application of MSI in exploring metabolites and mechanisms of action of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
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Barrera-Adame DA, Schuster S, Niedermeyer THJ. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Coniine and Other Hemlock Alkaloids after On-Tissue Derivatization Reveals Distinct Alkaloid Distributions in the Plant. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38904441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites play important roles in plants and can, for example, protect plants from predators or pathogens. Alkaloids, due to their pronounced biological activity on higher animals, are one of the most intriguing groups of specialized metabolites, and many of them are known as plant defense compounds. Poison hemlock, Conium maculatum, is well-known for its high content of piperidine alkaloids, of which coniine is the most famous. The distribution, localization, and diversity of these compounds in C. maculatum tissues have not yet been studied in detail. The hemlock alkaloids are low molecular weight compounds with relatively high volatility. They are thus difficult to analyze on-tissue by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging due to delocalization, which occurs even when using an atmospheric pressure ion source. In this manuscript, we describe an on-tissue derivatization method that allows the subsequent determination of the spatial distribution of hemlock alkaloids in different plant tissues by mass spectrometry imaging. Coniferyl aldehyde was found to be a suitable reagent for derivatization of the secondary amine alkaloids. The imaging analysis revealed that even chemically closely related hemlock alkaloids are discretely distributed in different plant tissues. Additionally, we detected a yet undescribed hemlock alkaloid in Conium maculatum seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Barrera-Adame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Steven RT, Burton A, Taylor AJ, Robinson KN, Dexter A, Nikula CJ, Bunch J. Evaluation of Inlet Temperature with Three Sprayer Designs for Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Tissue Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:224-233. [PMID: 38181191 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows for the spatially resolved detection of endogenous and exogenous molecules and atoms in biological samples, typically prepared as thin tissue sections. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is one of the most commonly utilized MSI modalities in preclinical research. DESI ion source technology is still rapidly evolving, with new sprayer designs and heated inlet capillaries having recently been incorporated in commercially available systems. In this study, three iterations of DESI sprayer designs are evaluated: (1) the first, and until recently only, commercially available Waters sprayer; (2) a developmental desorption electro-flow focusing ionization (DEFFI)-type sprayer; and (3) a prototype of the newly released Waters commercial sprayer. A heated inlet capillary is also employed, allowing for controlled inlet temperatures up to 500 °C. These three sprayers are evaluated by comparative tissue imaging analyses of murine testes across this temperature range. Single ion intensity versus temperature trends are evaluated as exemplar cases for putatively identified species of interest, such as lactate and glutamine. A range of trends are observed, where intensities follow either increasing, decreasing, bell-shaped, or other trends with temperature. Data for all sprayers show approximately similar trends for the ions studied, with the commercial prototype sprayer (sprayer version 3) matching or outperforming the other sprayers for the ions investigated. Finally, the mass spectra acquired using sprayer version 3 are evaluated by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and k-means clustering. This approach is shown to provide valuable insight that is complementary to the presented univariate evaluation for reviewing the parameter space in this study. Full spectral temperature optimization data are provided as supporting data to enable other researchers to design experiments that are optimal for specific ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory T Steven
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Amy Burton
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Adam J Taylor
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | | | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | | | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
- Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Metabolite Fingerprinting for Identification of Panax ginseng Metabolites Using Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061152. [PMID: 36981079 PMCID: PMC10048038 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, a kind of functional food and medicine with high nutritional value, contains various pharmacological metabolites that influence human metabolic functions. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the composition and metabolites of ginseng. However, the analysis of active metabolites in ginseng samples usually involves various experimental steps, such as extraction, chromatographic separation, and characterization, which may be time-consuming and laborious. In this study, an internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) method was developed to analyze active metabolites in ginseng samples with sequential sampling and no pretreatment. A total of 44 metabolites, with 32 ginsenosides, 6 sugars, and 6 organic acids, were identified in the ginseng samples. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot showed a clear separation of ginseng samples from different origins, indicating that metabolic changes occurred under different growing conditions. This study demonstrated that different cultivation conditions of ginseng can be successfully discriminated when using iEESI-MS-based metabolite fingerprints, which provide an alternative solution for the quality identification of plant drugs.
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Walton CL, Khalid M, Bible AN, Kertesz V, Retterer ST, Morrell-Falvey J, Cahill JF. In Situ Detection of Amino Acids from Bacterial Biofilms and Plant Root Exudates by Liquid Microjunction Surface-Sampling Probe Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1615-1625. [PMID: 35904879 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant rhizosphere is a complex and dynamic chemical environment where the exchange of molecular signals between plants, microbes, and fungi drives the development of the entire biological system. Exogenous compounds in the rhizosphere are known to affect plant-microbe organization, interactions between organisms, and ultimately, growth and survivability. The function of exogenous compounds in the rhizosphere is still under much investigation, specifically with respect to their roles in plant growth and development, the assembly of the associated microbial community, and the spatiotemporal distribution of molecular components. A major challenge for spatiotemporal measurements is developing a nondisruptive and nondestructive technique capable of analyzing the exogenous compounds contained within the environment. A methodology using liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe-mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP-MS) and microfluidic devices with attached microporous membranes was developed for in situ, spatiotemporal measurement of amino acids (AAs) from bacterial biofilms and plant roots. Exuded arginine was measured from a living Pantoea YR343 biofilm, which resulted in a chemical image indicative of biofilm growth within the device. Spot sampling along the roots of Populus trichocarpa with the LMJ-SSP-MS resulted in the detection of 15 AAs. Variation in AA concentrations across the root system was observed, indicating that exudation is not homogeneous and may be linked to local rhizosphere architecture and different biological processes along the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Walton
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Muneeba Khalid
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Amber N Bible
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Jennifer Morrell-Falvey
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - John F Cahill
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
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Noviana E, Indrayanto G, Rohman A. Advances in Fingerprint Analysis for Standardization and Quality Control of Herbal Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853023. [PMID: 35721184 PMCID: PMC9201489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs or herbal medicines (HMs) have a long-standing history as natural remedies for preventing and curing diseases. HMs have garnered greater interest during the past decades due to their broad, synergistic actions on the physiological systems and relatively lower incidence of adverse events, compared to synthetic drugs. However, assuring reproducible quality, efficacy, and safety from herbal drugs remains a challenging task. HMs typically consist of many constituents whose presence and quantity may vary among different sources of materials. Fingerprint analysis has emerged as a very useful technique to assess the quality of herbal drug materials and formulations for establishing standardized herbal products. Rather than using a single or two marker(s), fingerprinting techniques take great consideration of the complexity of herbal drugs by evaluating the whole chemical profile and extracting a common pattern to be set as a criterion for assessing the individual material or formulation. In this review, we described and assessed various fingerprinting techniques reported to date, which are applicable to the standardization and quality control of HMs. We also evaluated the application of multivariate data analysis or chemometrics in assisting the analysis of the complex datasets from the determination of HMs. To ensure that these methods yield reliable results, we reviewed the validation status of the methods and provided perspectives on those. Finally, we concluded by highlighting major accomplishments and presenting a gap analysis between the existing techniques and what is needed to continue moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Rohman
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Huang L, Nie L, Dai Z, Dong J, Jia X, Yang X, Yao L, Ma SC. The application of mass spectrometry imaging in traditional Chinese medicine: a review. Chin Med 2022; 17:35. [PMID: 35248086 PMCID: PMC8898510 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMass spectrometry imaging is a frontier technique which connects classical mass spectrometry with ion imaging. Various types of chemicals could be visualized in their native tissues using mass spectrometry imaging. Up to now, the most commonly applied mass spectrometry imaging techniques are matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. This review gives an introduction to the principles, development and applications of commonly applied mass spectrometry imaging techniques, and then illustrates the application of mass spectrometry imaging in the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, mass spectrometry imaging has been adopted to explore the spatial distribution of endogenous metabolites in traditional Chinese medicine. Data collected from mass spectrometry imaging can be further utilized to search for marker components of traditional Chinese medicine, discover new compounds from traditional herbs, and differentiate between medicinal plants that are similar in botanical features. Moreover, mass spectrometry imaging also plays a role in revealing the pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang X, He J, Jin H. Advanced applications of mass spectrometry imaging technology in quality control and safety assessments of traditional Chinese medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114760. [PMID: 34678417 PMCID: PMC9715987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of human diseases in China, and especially in cases of COVID-19. However, due to quality problems, the lack of standards, and the diversity of dosage forms, adverse reactions to TCMs often occur. Moreover, the composition of TCMs makes them extremely challenging to extract and isolate, complicating studies of toxicity mechanisms. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this paper is therefore to summarize the advanced applications of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technology in the quality control, safety evaluations, and determination of toxicity mechanisms of TCMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant studies from the literature have been collected from scientific databases, such as "PubMed", "Scifinder", "Elsevier", "Google Scholar" using the keywords "MSI", "traditional Chinese medicines", "quality control", "metabolomics", and "mechanism". RESULTS MSI is a new analytical imaging technology that can detect and image the metabolic changes of multiple components of TCMs in plants and animals in a high throughput manner. Compared to other chemical analysis methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), this method does not require the complex extraction and separation of TCMs, and is fast, has high sensitivity, is label-free, and can be performed in high-throughput. Combined with chemometrics methods, MSI can be quickly and easily used for quality screening of TCMs. In addition, this technology can be used to further focus on potential biomarkers and explore the therapeutic/toxic mechanisms of TCMs. CONCLUSIONS As a new type of analysis method, MSI has unique advantages to metabolic analysis, quality control, and mechanisms of action explorations of TCMs, and contributes to the establishment of quality standards to explore the safety and toxicology of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jiang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 100050, China.
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Lam SC, Rodriguez ES, Innis PC, Paull B. Thread-based isotachophoresis coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for clean-up, preconcentration, and determination of alkaloids in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:338810. [PMID: 35058003 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A thread-based isotachophoresis method coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (TB-ITP-DESI-MS) was developed and applied for clean-up, preconcentration, and determination of alkaloids in biological fluids. This simple approach enables the focusing and rapid analysis of analytes of interest in complex matrices that are otherwise challenging using direct ambient mass spectrometry. The TB-ITP platform components were rapidly and reproducibly fabricated at low-cost using 3D printing. A single string of nylon 6 thread was used as the electrophoresis substrate and a cotton knot, tied to the nylon thread, was used as the trapping zone of the ITP focused model analytes (coptisine, berberine and palmatine). The trapping efficiency was evaluated upon different commercially available threads with different chemical properties and cotton was selected as the best material due to its highest trapping efficiency and subsequent DESI-MS ionization efficiency. Up to 11.6-fold increase in signal to noise ratio (S/N) was obtained using the proposed method compared to direct DESI-MS detection, due to the reduced matrix interference and focusing. The results demonstrated that the TB-ITP-DESI-MS approach is a viable solution for the analysis of complicated biological fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Shing Chung Lam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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Zhang X, Chen ZY, Qiu ZD, Liu M, Xu J, Lai CJS, Frankevich V, Chingin K. Molecular differentiation of Panax notoginseng grown under different conditions by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113030. [PMID: 34839132 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is a highly valuable and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. The quality and efficacy of Panax notoginseng grown under different conditions can greatly vary due to the differences in chemical composition. The analysis of chemical composition in Panax notoginseng typically involves various experimental steps including extraction, chromatographic separation and characterization, which can be time- and labor-consuming. Therefore, the efficient quality assessment and control of Panax notoginseng requires the development of more rapid methods for the chemical characterization and classification of Panax notoginseng. In this study, a method based on internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) was developed to characterize chemical components of Panax notoginseng samples under different growth conditions (e.g., place of origin, soil quality, growth season) at the speed of 0.5 min per sample, without sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation. A total of 35 chemical components, including sugars, saponins, organic acids, etc., were identified in Panax notoginseng samples. Clear separation was observed in the multivariate analysis of the iEESI-MS data from Panax notoginseng samples grown under different conditions. The difference in the content of sucrose, fructose, Rg1, Rf, Rb1, Noto-R1, malonyl-Rb1, malonyl-Rg1, malonyl-Rf, Rd, Re, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and malic acid can be used as key characteristic indicators to discriminate origin, commercial specifications, and cultivation conditions of Panax notoginseng samples. The results of our study indicate the high power of iEESI-MS for the rapid molecular characterization and classification of Panax notoginseng under different growth conditions, which can be used for the quality assessment of traditional herbal medicines as well as in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Ze-Yan Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Vladimir Frankevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I.Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
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Cinelli MA, Jones AD. Alkaloids of the Genus Datura: Review of a Rich Resource for Natural Product Discovery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092629. [PMID: 33946338 PMCID: PMC8124590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Datura (Solanaceae) contains nine species of medicinal plants that have held both curative utility and cultural significance throughout history. This genus’ particular bioactivity results from the enormous diversity of alkaloids it contains, making it a valuable study organism for many disciplines. Although Datura contains mostly tropane alkaloids (such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine), indole, beta-carboline, and pyrrolidine alkaloids have also been identified. The tools available to explore specialized metabolism in plants have undergone remarkable advances over the past couple of decades and provide renewed opportunities for discoveries of new compounds and the genetic basis for their biosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies on the alkaloids of Datura that focuses on three questions: How do we find and identify alkaloids? Where do alkaloids come from? What factors affect their presence and abundance? We also address pitfalls and relevant questions applicable to natural products and metabolomics researchers. With both careful perspectives and new advances in instrumentation, the pace of alkaloid discovery—from not just Datura—has the potential to accelerate dramatically in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A. Cinelli
- Correspondence: or (M.A.C.); (A.D.J.); Tel.: +1-906-360-8177 (M.A.C.); +1-517-432-7126 (A.D.J.)
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Correspondence: or (M.A.C.); (A.D.J.); Tel.: +1-906-360-8177 (M.A.C.); +1-517-432-7126 (A.D.J.)
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12
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Rapid visualized characterization of phenolic taste compounds in tea extract by high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled to desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 355:129555. [PMID: 33831729 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the important taste source of tea infusion. In this paper, the phenolic compounds in tea extracts were separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and then in-situ determined by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Total 44 phenolic compounds in tea extracts were accurately confirmed by NIST library as well as reference substances. The clustering results of heat-map can better reflect the differences of phenolic compounds in different categories and subcategories of teas. Besides, the contents of hydrolyzable tannins, including galloylglucose, digalloylglucose, trigalloyglucose and strictinin, were positively correlated with the grades of green tea. The method validation and quantification results of exemplified five phenolic compounds in teas were also obtained, and LODs, LOQs and recoveries were ranging between 1.5-15.9 μg/mL, 5.1-53.1 μg/mL, and 79%-117.6%, respectively. Moreover, HPTLC-DESI-MS can save tenfold analytical time compared to HPLC-MS. Therefore, HPTLC-DESI-MS was a rapid, efficient characterization method of phenolic compounds in tea extracts.
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13
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Conceição RS, Reis IMA, Cerqueira APM, Perez CJ, Junior MCDS, Branco A, Ifa DR, Botura MB. Rapid structural characterisation of benzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids from Ocotea spixiana acaricide extract by HPTLC-DESI-MS n. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:711-721. [PMID: 32291820 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lauraceae alkaloids are a structurally diverse class of plant specialised secondary metabolites that play an important role in modern pharmacotherapy, being useful as well as model compounds for the development of synthetic analogues. However, alkaloids characterisation is challenging due to low concentrations, the complexity of plant extracts, and long processes for accurate structural determinations. OBJECTIVE The use of high-performance thin layer chromatography coupled with desorption electrospray ionisation multistage mass spectrometry (HPTLC DESI-MSn ) as a fast tool to identify alkaloids present in Ocotea spixiana extract and evaluate the extract's acaricide activity. METHODS Ocotea spixiana twigs were extracted by conventional liquid-liquid partitioning. HPTLC analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was performed to separate isobaric alkaloids prior to DESI-MSn analysis, performed from MS3 up to MS7 . The extract's acaricide activity against Rhipicephalus microplus was evaluated by in vitro (larval immersion test) and in silico tests. RESULTS HPTLC-DESI-MSn analysis was performed to identify a total of 13 aporphine and four benzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids reported for the first time in O. spixiana. In vitro evaluation of the extract and the alkaloid boldine showed significant activity against R. microplus larvae. It was established in silico that boldine had important intermolecular interactions with R. microplus acetylcholinesterase enzyme. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that HPTLC-DESI-MSn is a useful analytical tool to identify isoquinoline alkaloids in plant extracts. The acaricide activity of the O. spixiana ethyl acetate extract can be correlated to the presence of alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Conceição
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella M A Reis
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amanda P M Cerqueira
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Consuelo J Perez
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alexsandro Branco
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Demian R Ifa
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariana B Botura
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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14
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Fatigante WL, Mukta S, Lawton ZE, Bruno AM, Traub A, Gasa AJ, Stelmack AR, Wilson-Frank CR, Mulligan CC. Filter Cone Spray Ionization Coupled to a Portable MS System: Application to On-Site Forensic Evidence and Environmental Sample Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:336-346. [PMID: 32031391 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of field-borne sample matrices and the instrumental constraints of portable mass spectrometers (MS) often necessitate that preparative steps are added prior to ambient MS methods when operated on-site, but the corresponding decrease in throughput and experimental simplicity can make field operation impractical. To this end, we report a modified ambient MS method, filter cone spray ionization (FCSI), specifically designed for simple, yet robust, processing of bulk forensic evidence and environmental samples using a fieldable MS system. This paper-crafted source utilizes low-cost laboratory consumables to produce a conical structure that serves as a disposable, spray-based ionization source. Integrated extraction and filtration capabilities mitigate sample heterogeneity and carryover concerns and expedite sample processing, as characterized through the analysis of a variety of authentic forensic evidence types (e.g., abused pharma tablets, counterfeit/adulterated tablets, crystal-based drugs, synthetic marijuana, toxicological specimens) and contaminated soil samples. The data presented herein suggests that the FCSI-MS design could prove robust to the rigors of field-borne, bulk sample screening, overcoming the inefficiencies of other ambient MS methods for these sample classes. Novel applications of FCSI-MS are also examined, such as the coupling to trace evidence vacuum filtration media.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Fatigante
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Shahnaz Mukta
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Zachary E Lawton
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Alessandra M Bruno
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Angelica Traub
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Alyssa J Gasa
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Ashley R Stelmack
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Christina R Wilson-Frank
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Christopher C Mulligan
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
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15
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Chen L, Cabot JM, Sanz Rodriguez E, Ghiasvand A, Innis PC, Paull B. Thread-based isoelectric focusing coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:6928-6936. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ‘on-thread’ isoelectric focusing of proteins, with direct on-thread detection using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Peter C. Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- AIIM Facility
- Innovation campus
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
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16
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Ogrinc N, Saudemont P, Balog J, Robin YM, Gimeno JP, Pascal Q, Tierny D, Takats Z, Salzet M, Fournier I. Water-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for minimally invasive in vivo and real-time surface analysis using SpiderMass. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:3162-3182. [PMID: 31597965 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate analysis of samples in their native in vivo environment is critical to better decipher physiological and physiopathological mechanisms. SpiderMass is an ambient mass spectrometry (MS) system designed for mobile in vivo and real-time surface analyses of biological tissues. The system uses a fibered laser, which is tuned to excite the most intense vibrational band of water, resulting in a process termed water-assisted laser desorption/ionization (WALDI). The water molecules act as an endogenous matrix in a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-like scenario, leading to the desorption/ionization of biomolecules (lipids, metabolites and proteins). The ejected material is transferred to the mass spectrometer through an atmospheric interface and a transfer line that is several meters long. Here, we formulate a three-stage procedure that includes (i) a laser system setup coupled to a Waters Q-TOF or Thermo Fisher Q Exactive mass analyzer, (ii) analysis of specimens and (iii) data processing. We also describe the optimal setup for the analysis of cell cultures, fresh-frozen tissue sections and in vivo experiments on skin. With proper optimization, the system can be used for a variety of different targets and applications. The entire procedure takes 1-2 d for complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ogrinc
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Philippe Saudemont
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- SATT-Nord, Immeuble Central Gare, Lille, France
| | - Julia Balog
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yves-Marie Robin
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Unité de Pathologie Morphologique et Moléculaire, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Gimeno
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université de Lille, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Iacobucci C, Suder P, Bodzon‐Kulakowska A, Antolak A, Silberring J, Smoluch M, Mielczarek P, Grasso G, Pawlaczyk A, Szynkowska MI, Tuccitto N, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z, Natale G. Instrumentation. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119377368.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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18
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Moreno-Pedraza A, Rosas-Román I, Garcia-Rojas NS, Guillén-Alonso H, Ovando-Vázquez C, Díaz-Ramírez D, Cuevas-Contreras J, Vergara F, Marsch-Martínez N, Molina-Torres J, Winkler R. Elucidating the Distribution of Plant Metabolites from Native Tissues with Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2734-2743. [PMID: 30636413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of plants have important biological functions, which often depend on their localization in tissues. Ideally, a fresh untreated material should be directly analyzed to obtain a realistic view of the true sample chemistry. Therefore, there is a large interest for ambient mass-spectrometry-based imaging (MSI) methods. Our aim was to simplify this technology and to find an optimal combination of desorption/ionization principles for a fast ambient MSI of macroscopic plant samples. We coupled a 405 nm continuous wave (CW) ultraviolet (UV) diode laser to a three-dimensionally (3D) printed low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe. By moving the sample with a RepRap-based sampling stage, we could perform imaging of samples up to 16 × 16 cm2. We demonstrate the system performance by mapping mescaline in a San Pedro cactus ( Echinopsis pachanoi) cross section, tropane alkaloids in jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium) fruits and seeds, and nicotine in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. In all cases, the anatomical regions of enriched compound concentrations were correctly depicted. The modular design of the laser desorption (LD)-LTP MSI platform, which is mainly assembled from commercial and 3D-printed components, facilitates its adoption by other research groups. The use of the CW-UV laser for desorption enables fast imaging measurements. A complete tobacco seedling with an image size of 9.2 × 15.0 mm2 was analyzed at a pixel size of 100 × 100 μm2 (14 043 mass scans), in less than 2 h. Natural products can be measured directly from native tissues, which inspires a broad use of LD-LTP MSI in plant chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Moreno-Pedraza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Ignacio Rosas-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Nancy Shyrley Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Héctor Guillén-Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
- CONACYT Potosino Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, National Supercomputing Center , Camino a la Presa San José 2055 , Colonia Lomas 4ta Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí , Mexico
| | - David Díaz-Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Jessica Cuevas-Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Fredd Vergara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Deutscher Platz 5e , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
- Mass Spectrometry Group , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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John H, Rychlik M, Thiermann H, Schmidt C. Simultaneous quantification of atropine and scopolamine in infusions of herbal tea and Solanaceae plant material by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (tandem) mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1911-1921. [PMID: 30117208 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atropine (Atr) and scopolamine (Scp) are toxic secondary plant metabolites of species within the Solanaceae genus that can accidentally or intentionally reach the food store chain by inaccurate harvesting of any plant material, e.g. for herbal tea infusions. Ingestion may cause severe anticholinergic poisoning thus requiring risk-oriented determination in food and beverages. The suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (tandem) mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS(/MS), should be characterized for simultaneous analysis. METHODS We herein present the first MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) procedure for quantitative determination of both alkaloids in herbal tea infusions and Solanaceae plant material. A standard additions procedure using triply deuterated Atr as internal standard was developed and validated. RESULTS Tropane alkaloids were detected without interferences and the standard additions procedure allowed reliable quantification. Intraday and interday precision were less than 17% and corresponding accuracies were between 77% and 112%. Limits of detection in the spotting solution were found at 5 ng/mL (Atr) and 0.5 ng/mL (Scp). The assay was applied to diverse tea infusions as well as to berries and leaves of deadly nightshade and angel's trumpet. CONCLUSIONS The usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) for investigations of plant-derived samples to prove contaminations by small basic compounds was demonstrated. The elaborate procedure is reliable but quite laborious to obtain quantitative results, but MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) was also shown to be a valuable tool for rapid qualitative screening for Atr and Scp in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
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20
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Zhu MZ, Chen GL, Wu JL, Li N, Liu ZH, Guo MQ. Recent development in mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques for the analysis of medicinal plants. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:365-374. [PMID: 29687660 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are gaining increasing attention worldwide due to their empirical therapeutic efficacy and being a huge natural compound pool for new drug discovery and development. The efficacy, safety and quality of medicinal plants are the main concerns, which are highly dependent on the comprehensive analysis of chemical components in the medicinal plants. With the advances in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, comprehensive analysis and fast identification of complex phytochemical components have become feasible, and may meet the needs, for the analysis of medicinal plants. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to provide an overview on the latest developments in MS and its hyphenated technique and their applications for the comprehensive analysis of medicinal plants. METHODOLOGY Application of various MS and its hyphenated techniques for the analysis of medicinal plants, including but not limited to one-dimensional chromatography, multiple-dimensional chromatography coupled to MS, ambient ionisation MS, and mass spectral database, have been reviewed and compared in this work. RESULTS Recent advancs in MS and its hyphenated techniques have made MS one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of complex extracts from medicinal plants due to its excellent separation and identification ability, high sensitivity and resolution, and wide detection dynamic range. CONCLUSION To achieve high-throughput or multi-dimensional analysis of medicinal plants, the state-of-the-art MS and its hyphenated techniques have played, and will continue to play a great role in being the major platform for their further research in order to obtain insight into both their empirical therapeutic efficacy and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Gui-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Quan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Chao YY, Chen YL, Lin HY, Huang YL. Rapid screening of basic colorants in processed vegetables through mass spectrometry using an interchangeable thermal desorption electrospray ionization source. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1010:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Berkov S, Georgieva L, Sidjimova B, Nikolova M. Metabolite Profiling of In Vitro Plant Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54600-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Since the introduction of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS), ambient MS methods have seen increased use in a variety of fields from health to food science. Increasing its popularity in metabolomics, ambient MS offers limited sample preparation, rapid and direct analysis of liquids, solids, and gases, in situ and in vivo analysis, and imaging. The metabolome consists of a constantly changing collection of small (<1.5 kDa) molecules. These include endogenous molecules that are part of primary metabolism pathways, secondary metabolites with specific functions such as signaling, chemicals incorporated in the diet or resulting from environmental exposures, and metabolites associated with the microbiome. Characterization of the responsive changes of this molecule cohort is the principal goal of any metabolomics study. With adjustments to experimental parameters, metabolites with a range of chemical and physical properties can be selectively desorbed and ionized and subsequently analyzed with increased speed and sensitivity. This review covers the broad applications of a variety of ambient MS techniques in four primary fields in which metabolomics is commonly employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaevien S. Clendinen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience (IBB), Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW. Atlanta, GA
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience (IBB), Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW. Atlanta, GA
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Cheng S, Wu Q, Dewald HD, Chen H. Online Monitoring of Methanol Electro-Oxidation Reactions by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1005-1012. [PMID: 27562502 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Online detection of methanol electro-oxidation reaction products [e.g., formaldehyde (HCHO)] by mass spectrometry (MS) is challenging, owing to the high salt content and extreme pH of the electrolyte solution as well as the difficulty in ionizing the reaction products. Herein we present an online ambient mass spectrometric approach for analyzing HCHO generated from methanol electro-oxidation, taking the advantage of high salt tolerance of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). It was found that HCHO can be detected as PhNHNH+=CH2 (m/z 121) by DESI after online derivatization with PhNHNH2. With this approach, the analysis of HCHO from methanol electro-oxidation by MS was carried out not only in acidic condition but also in alkaline media for the first time. Efficiencies of different electrodes for methanol oxidation at different pHs were also evaluated. Our results show that Au electrode produces more HCHO than Pt-based electrodes at alkaline pH, while the latter have higher yields at acidic solution. The presented methodology would be of great value for elucidating fuel cell reaction mechanisms and for screening ideal fuel cell electrode materials. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- College of Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Howard D Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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Yuill EM, Baker LA. Electrochemical Aspects of Mass Spectrometry: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization and Ambient Ionization for Bioanalysis. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Yuill
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
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Ambient Desorption/Ionization. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Deng J. Analysis of pharmaceutical products and herbal medicines using ambient mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zheng Q, Chen H. Development and Applications of Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:411-448. [PMID: 27145689 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a recent advance in the field of analytical chemistry. This review surveys the development of liquid sample DESI-MS (LS-DESI-MS), a variant form of DESI-MS that focuses on fast analysis of liquid samples, and its novel analy-tical applications in bioanalysis, proteomics, and reaction kinetics. Due to the capability of directly ionizing liquid samples, liquid sample DESI (LS-DESI) has been successfully used to couple MS with various analytical techniques, such as microfluidics, microextraction, electrochemistry, and chromatography. This review also covers these hyphenated techniques. In addition, several closely related ionization methods, including transmission mode DESI, thermally assisted DESI, and continuous flow-extractive DESI, are briefly discussed. The capabilities of LS-DESI extend and/or complement the utilities of traditional DESI and electrospray ionization and will find extensive and valuable analytical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
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In vivo Real-Time Mass Spectrometry for Guided Surgery Application. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25919. [PMID: 27189490 PMCID: PMC4870577 DOI: 10.1038/srep25919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a new instrument (SpiderMass) designed for in vivo and real-time analysis. In this instrument ion production is performed remotely from the MS instrument and the generated ions are transported in real-time to the MS analyzer. Ion production is promoted by Resonant Infrared Laser Ablation (RIR-LA) based on the highly effective excitation of O-H bonds in water molecules naturally present in most biological samples. The retrieved molecular patterns are specific to the cell phenotypes and benign versus cancer regions of patient biopsies can be easily differentiated. We also demonstrate by analysis of human skin that SpiderMass can be used under in vivo conditions with minimal damage and pain. Furthermore SpiderMass can also be used for real-time drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) analysis or food safety topics. SpiderMass is thus the first MS based system designed for in vivo real-time analysis under minimally invasive conditions.
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Biological Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI MS) – unequivocal role of crucial ionization factors, solvent system and substrates. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Dong Y, Li B, Malitsky S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Kaftan F, Svatoš A, Franceschi P. Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Plant Tissues: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 26904042 PMCID: PMC4748743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a mass spectrometry based molecular ion imaging technique. It provides the means for ascertaining the spatial distribution of a large variety of analytes directly on tissue sample surfaces without any labeling or staining agents. These advantages make it an attractive molecular histology tool in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Likewise, MSI has started gaining popularity in plant sciences; yet, information regarding sample preparation methods for plant tissues is still limited. Sample preparation is a crucial step that is directly associated with the quality and authenticity of the imaging results, it therefore demands in-depth studies based on the characteristics of plant samples. In this review, a sample preparation pipeline is discussed in detail and illustrated through selected practical examples. In particular, special concerns regarding sample preparation for plant imaging are critically evaluated. Finally, the applications of MSI techniques in plants are reviewed according to different classes of plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Filip Kaftan
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Franceschi
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32
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Sumner LW, Lei Z, Nikolau BJ, Saito K. Modern plant metabolomics: advanced natural product gene discoveries, improved technologies, and future prospects. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:212-29. [PMID: 25342293 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics has matured and modern plant metabolomics has accelerated gene discoveries and the elucidation of a variety of plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. This review covers the approximate period of 2000 to 2014, and highlights specific examples of the discovery and characterization of novel genes and enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of natural products such as flavonoids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Additional examples of the integration of metabolomics with genome-based functional characterizations of plant natural products that are important to modern pharmaceutical technology are also reviewed. This article also provides a substantial review of recent technical advances in mass spectrometry imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, integrated LC-MS-SPE-NMR for metabolite identifications, and X-ray crystallography of microgram quantities for structural determinations. The review closes with a discussion on the future prospects of metabolomics related to crop species and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W Sumner
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA.
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Gerbig S, Brunn HE, Spengler B, Schulz S. Spatially resolved investigation of systemic and contact pesticides in plant material by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7379-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Developments in forensic mass spectrometry tend to follow, rather than lead, the developments in other disciplines. Examples of techniques having forensic potential born independently of forensic applications include ambient ionization, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, portable mass spectrometers, and hyphenated chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments, to name a few. Forensic science has the potential to benefit enormously from developments that are funded by other means, if only the infrastructure and personnel existed to adopt, validate, and implement the new technologies into casework. Perhaps one unique area in which forensic science is at the cutting edge is in the area of chemometrics and the determination of likelihood ratios for the evaluation of the weight of evidence. Such statistical techniques have been developed most extensively for ignitable-liquid residue analyses and isotope ratio analysis. This review attempts to capture the trends, motivating forces, and likely impact of developing areas of forensic mass spectrometry, with the caveat that none of this research is likely to have any real impact in the forensic community unless: (a) The instruments developed are turned into robust black boxes with red and green lights for positives and negatives, respectively, or (b) there are PhD graduates in the workforce who can help adopt these sophisticated techniques.
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35
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Janfelt C. Imaging of plant materials using indirect desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1203:91-97. [PMID: 25361669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indirect desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging is a method for imaging distributions of metabolites in plant materials, in particular leaves and petals. The challenge in direct imaging of such plant materials with DESI-MS is particularly the protective layer of cuticular wax present in leaves and petals. The cuticle protects the plant from drying out, but also makes it difficult for the DESI sprayer to reach the analytes of interest inside the plant material. A solution to this problem is to imprint the plant material onto a surface, thus releasing the analytes of interest from parts of their matrix while preserving the spatial information in the two dimensions. The imprint can then easily be imaged by DESI-MS. The method delivers simple and robust mass spectrometry imaging of plant material with very high success ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Janfelt
- Section for Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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36
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Molecular biodiversity and recent analytical developments: A marriage of convenience. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hsu CC, Dorrestein PC. Visualizing life with ambient mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 31:24-34. [PMID: 25146170 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), many other ionization methods for ambient and atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry have been developed. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has now been used for a wide variety of biological applications, including plant science, microbiology, neuroscience, and cancer pathology. Multimodal integration of atmospheric ionization sources with the other biotechnologies, as well as high performance computational methods for mass spectrometry data processing is one of the major emerging area's for ambient mass spectrometry. In this opinion article, we will highlight some of the most influential technological advances of ambient mass spectrometry in recent years and their applications to the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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38
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Bouslimani A, Sanchez LM, Garg N, Dorrestein PC. Mass spectrometry of natural products: current, emerging and future technologies. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:718-29. [PMID: 24801551 PMCID: PMC4161218 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although mass spectrometry is a century old technology, we are entering into an exciting time for the analysis of molecular information directly from complex biological systems. In this Highlight, we feature emerging mass spectrometric methods and tools used by the natural product community and give a perspective of future directions where the mass spectrometry field is migrating towards over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bouslimani
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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39
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Li X, Yang LP, Li XL, Wang LP, Liu SY, Liu Y. Research on Hypnotic and Anticonvulsant Activities of Total Alkaloids in Leaves of Eucommia ulmoides. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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40
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Jarmusch AK, Cooks RG. Emerging capabilities of mass spectrometry for natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:730-8. [PMID: 24700087 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering up to the end of 2013 A brief history of mass spectrometry in natural products research serves to identify themes which have driven progress in this area of application and in mass spectrometry itself. This account covers six decades of ionization methods, starting with traditional electron ionization and progressing through today's ambient ionization methods. Corresponding developments in mass analyzers are indicated, ranging from sector magnetic fields, through hybrid quadrupole mass filters to miniature ion traps. Current capabilities of mass spectrometry in natural products studies include direct in situ analysis, mass spectrometry imaging, and the study of biosynthetic pathways using metabolomic information. The survey concludes with a discussion of new experiments and capabilities including ion soft landing, preparative mass spectrometry, and accelerated ionic reactions in confined volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Jarmusch
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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41
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Wilson CR, Mulligan CC, Strueh KD, Stevenson GW, Hooser SB. Rapid detection of terbufos in stomach contents using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:428-430. [PMID: 24670950 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714528176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is an emerging analytical technique that permits the rapid and direct analysis of biological or environmental samples under ambient conditions. Highlighting the versatility of this technique, DESI-MS has been used for the rapid detection of illicit drugs, chemical warfare agents, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals from a variety of sample matrices. In diagnostic veterinary toxicology, analyzing samples using traditional analytical instrumentation typically includes extensive sample extraction procedures, which can be time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, efforts to expedite sample analyses are a constant goal for diagnostic toxicology laboratories. In the current report, DESI-MS was used to directly analyze stomach contents from a dog exposed to the organophosphate insecticide terbufos. The total DESI-MS analysis time required to confirm the presence of terbufos and diagnose organophosphate poisoning in this case was approximately 5 min. This highlights the potential of this analytical technique in the field of veterinary toxicology for the rapid diagnosis and detection of toxicants in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Wilson
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL (Mulligan)
- Frankfort Animal Hospital, Frankfort, IN (Strueh)
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Ames, IA (Stevenson)
| | - Christopher C. Mulligan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL (Mulligan)
- Frankfort Animal Hospital, Frankfort, IN (Strueh)
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Ames, IA (Stevenson)
| | - Kurt D. Strueh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL (Mulligan)
- Frankfort Animal Hospital, Frankfort, IN (Strueh)
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Ames, IA (Stevenson)
| | - Gregory W. Stevenson
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL (Mulligan)
- Frankfort Animal Hospital, Frankfort, IN (Strueh)
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Ames, IA (Stevenson)
| | - Stephen B. Hooser
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Wilson, Hooser), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL (Mulligan)
- Frankfort Animal Hospital, Frankfort, IN (Strueh)
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Ames, IA (Stevenson)
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42
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Venter AR, Douglass KA, Shelley JT, Hasman G, Honarvar E. Mechanisms of real-time, proximal sample processing during ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:233-249. [PMID: 24308499 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay00948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A review of ambient ionization mass spectrometry highlighting the central role of sample preparation immediate to and during sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
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43
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Wang H, So PK, Yao ZP. Direct analysis of herbal powders by pipette-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 809:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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44
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Venter AR, Douglass KA, Shelley JT, Hasman G, Honarvar E. Mechanisms of real-time, proximal sample processing during ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 86:233-49. [PMID: 24308499 DOI: 10.1021/ac4038569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
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45
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46
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Hu B, Wang L, Ye WC, Yao ZP. In vivo and real-time monitoring of secondary metabolites of living organisms by mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2104. [PMID: 23811725 PMCID: PMC3696899 DOI: 10.1038/srep02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are compounds that are important for the survival and propagation of animals and plants. Our current understanding on the roles and secretion mechanism of secondary metabolites is limited by the existing techniques that typically cannot provide transient and dynamic information about the metabolic processes. In this manuscript, by detecting venoms secreted by living scorpion and toad upon attack and variation of alkaloids in living Catharanthus roseus upon stimulation, which represent three different sampling methods for living organisms, we demonstrated that in vivo and real-time monitoring of secondary metabolites released from living animals and plants could be readily achieved by using field-induced direct ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
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47
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de Abreu LB, Augusti R, Schmidt L, Dressler VL, Flores EMDM, Nascentes CC. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) applied to the speciation of arsenic compounds from fern leaves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7643-51. [PMID: 23873446 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The different chemical forms of arsenic compounds, including inorganic and organic species, present distinct environmental impacts and toxicities. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is an excellent technique for in situ analysis, as it operates under atmospheric pressure and room temperature and is conducted with no/minimal sample pretreatment. Aimed at expanding its scope, DESI-MS is applied herein for the quick and reliable detection of inorganic (arsenate--As(V): AsO4(3-) and arsenite--As(III): AsO2(-)) and organic (dimethylarsinic acid--DMA: (CH3)2AsO(OH) and disodium methyl arsonate hexahydrate: CH3AsO3·2Na·6H2O) arsenic compounds in fern leaves. Operational conditions of DESI-MS were optimized with DMA standard deposited on paper surfaces to improve ionization efficiency and detection limits. Mass spectra data for all arsenic species were acquired in both the positive and negative ion modes. The positive ion mode was shown to be useful in detecting both the organic and inorganic arsenic compounds. The negative ion mode was shown only to be useful in detecting As(V) species. Moreover, MS/MS spectra were recorded to confirm the identity of each arsenic compound by the characteristic fragmentation profiles. Optimized conditions of DESI-MS were applied to the analysis of fern leaves. LC-ICP-MS was employed to confirm the results obtained by DESI-MS and to quantify the arsenic species in fern leaves. The results confirmed the applicability of DESI-MS in detecting arsenic compounds in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Botelho de Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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48
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Zhang T, Zhou W, Jin W, Jin Q, Chen H. Direct detection of aromatic amines and observation of intermediates of Schiff-base reactions by reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Douglass KA, Venter AR. Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and related methods. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:553-60. [PMID: 23674280 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) requires little to no sample preparation and has been successfully applied to the study of biologically significant macromolecules such as proteins. However, DESI-MS and other ambient methods that use spray desorption to process samples during ionization appear limited to smaller proteins with molecular masses of 25 kDa or less, and a decreasing instrumental response with increasing protein size has often been reported. It has been proposed that this limit results from the inability of some proteins to easily desorb from the surface during DESI sampling. The present study investigates the apparent mass dependence of the instrumental response observed during the DESI-MS analysis of proteins using spray desorption collection and reflective electrospray ionization. Proteins, as large as 66 kDa, are shown to be quantitatively removed from surfaces by using spray desorption collection. However, incomplete dissolution and the formation of protein-protein and protein-contaminant clusters appear to be responsible for the mass-dependent loss in sensitivity for protein analysis. Alternative ambient mass spectrometry approaches that address some of the problems encountered by spray desorption techniques for protein analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aart Douglass
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, USA
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50
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Morelato M, Beavis A, Kirkbride P, Roux C. Forensic applications of desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Forensic Sci Int 2013; 226:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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