1
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Ranieri D, Privitera A, Santanni F, Urbanska K, Strachan GJ, Twamley B, Salvadori E, Liao YK, Chiesa M, Senge MO, Totti F, Sorace L, Sessoli R. A Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimer as a Potential Quantum Gate: Magneto-Structural Correlations and Spin Coherence Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312936. [PMID: 37812016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the development of two-qubit quantum gates, precise control over the intramolecular spin-spin interaction between molecular spin units plays a pivotal role. A weak but measurable exchange coupling is especially important for achieving selective spin addressability that allows controlled manipulation of the computational basis states |00⟩ |01⟩ |10⟩ |11⟩ by microwave pulses. Here, we report the synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of a heterometallic meso-meso (m-m) singly-linked VIV O-CuII porphyrin dimer. X-band continuous wave EPR measurements in frozen solutions suggest a ferromagnetic exchange coupling of ca. 8 ⋅ 10-3 cm-1 . This estimation is supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, which also allow disentangling the ferro- and antiferromagnetic contributions to the exchange. Pulsed EPR experiments show that the dimer maintains relaxation times similar to the monometallic CuII porphyrins. The addressability of the two individual spins is made possible by the different g-tensors of VIV and CuII -ions, in contrast to homometallic dimers where tilting of the porphyrin planes plays a key role. Therefore, single-spin addressability in the heterometallic dimer can be maintained even with small tilting angles, as expected when deposited on surface, unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum gates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Privitera
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Santanni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolina Urbanska
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grant J Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Yu-Kai Liao
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nano-systems, Lichtenberg-Str.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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2
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Vujević L, Karadeniz B, Cindro N, Krajnc A, Mali G, Mazaj M, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Žilić D, Užarević K, Kveder M. Improving the molecular spin qubit performance in zirconium MOF composites by mechanochemical dilution and fullerene encapsulation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9389-9399. [PMID: 37712041 PMCID: PMC10498684 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enlarging the quantum coherence times and gaining control over quantum effects in real systems are fundamental for developing quantum technologies. Molecular electron spin qubits are particularly promising candidates for realizing quantum information processing due to their modularity and tunability. Still, there is a constant search for tools to increase their quantum coherence times. Here we present how the mechanochemical introduction of active spin qubits in the form of 10% diluted copper(ii)-porphyrins in the diamagnetic PCN-223 and MOF-525 zirconium-MOF polymorph pair can be achieved. Furthermore, the encapsulation of fullerene during the MOF synthesis directs the process exclusively toward the rare PCN-223 framework with a controllable amount of fullerene in the framework channels. In addition to the templating role, the incorporation of fullerene increases the electron spin-lattice and phase-memory relaxation times, T1 and Tm. Besides decreasing the amount of nuclear spin-bearing solvent guests in the non-activated qubit frameworks, the observed improved relaxation times can be rationalized by modulating the phonon density of states upon fullerene encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Vujević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Bahar Karadeniz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Mazaj
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstrasse 20 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dijana Žilić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Marina Kveder
- Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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3
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Abdullin D, Hett T, Fleck N, Kopp K, Cassidy S, Richert S, Schiemann O. Magneto-Structural Correlations in a Mixed Porphyrin(Cu 2+ )/Trityl Spin System: Magnitude, Sign, and Distribution of the Exchange Coupling Constant. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203148. [PMID: 36519664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiatriarylmethyl radicals (TAM or trityl) are receiving increasing attention in various fields of magnetic resonance such as imaging, dynamic nuclear polarization, spin labeling, and, more recently, molecular magnetism and quantum information technology. Here, a trityl radical attached via a phenyl bridge to a copper(II)tetraphenylporphyrin was synthesized, and its magnetic properties studied by multi-frequency continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. EPR revealed that the electron spin-spin coupling constant J between the trityl and Cu2+ spin centers is ferromagnetic with a magnitude of -2.3 GHz (-0.077 cm-1 , + J S → 1 S → 2 ${+J{\vec{S}}_{1}{\vec{S}}_{2}}$ convention) and a distribution width of 1.2 GHz (0.040 cm-1 ). With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the obtained ferromagnetic exchange coupling, which is unusual for para-substituted phenyl-bridged biradicals, could be related to the almost perpendicular orientation of the phenyl linker with respect to the porphyrin and trityl ring planes in the energy minimum, while the J distribution was rationalized by the temperature weighted rotation of the phenyl bridge about the molecular axis connecting both spin centers. This study exemplifies the importance of molecular dynamics for the homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the magnetic properties of trityl-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinar Abdullin
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hett
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Fleck
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Merck KGaA, Q20/001, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Kopp
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
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4
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Adhikari R, Lockhart M, Shrestha A, Curley S, Hu E, Shaughnessy KH, Bowman MK, Bakker MG. Impact of copper phthalocyanine structure on catalytic activity when incorporated into hierarchically porous carbon. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Liu Q, Ren W, Zhang S, Huang Y, Chen D, Zeng W, Zhou Z, He L, Guo W, Li J. d‐Orbital Reconstructions Forced by Double Bow‐Shaped Deformations and Second Coordination Sphere Effects of Cu(II) Heme Analogs in HER**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103892. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Wanjie Ren
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yanqi Lake, Huairou District Beijing 101408 P. R. China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Institution for Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Wennan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Zaichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Institution for Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Guo
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels Synfuels China Company Ltd Huairou District Beijing 101400 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yanqi Lake, Huairou District Beijing 101408 P. R. China
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6
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Kumar P, Chikara A, Sen A, Shanmugam M. Aziridination of Olefins Mediated by a [CuI(L1)2]+ complex Via Nitrene Transfer Reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Santanni F, Albino A, Atzori M, Ranieri D, Salvadori E, Chiesa M, Lunghi A, Bencini A, Sorace L, Totti F, Sessoli R. Probing Vibrational Symmetry Effects and Nuclear Spin Economy Principles in Molecular Spin Qubits. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:140-151. [PMID: 33305944 PMCID: PMC7872321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The selection of molecular spin qubits with a long coherence time, Tm, is a central task for implementing molecule-based quantum technologies. Even if a sufficiently long Tm can be achieved through an efficient synthetic strategy and ad hoc experimental measurement procedures, many factors contributing to the loss of coherence still need to be thoroughly investigated and understood. Vibrational properties and nuclear spins of hydrogens are two of them. The former plays a paramount role, but a detailed theoretical investigation aimed at studying their effects on the spin dynamics of molecular complexes such as the benchmark phthalocyanine (Pc) is still missing, whereas the effect of the latter deserves to be examined in detail for such a class of compounds. In this work, we adopted a combined theoretical and experimental approach to investigate the relaxation properties of classical [Cu(Pc)] and a CuII complex based on the ligand tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazine (H2TTDPz), characterized by a hydrogen-free molecular structure. Systematic calculations of molecular vibrations exemplify the effect of normal modes on the spin-lattice relaxation process, unveiling a different contribution to T1 depending on the symmetry of normal modes. Moreover, we observed that an appreciable Tm enhancement could be achieved by removing hydrogens from the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santanni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
| | - Andrea Albino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
| | - Matteo Atzori
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul
Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, F38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Davide Ranieri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lunghi
- School
of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
| | - Federico Totti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze) Italy
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8
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Actis A, Salvadori E, Chiesa M. Framework coordination of single-ion Cu 2+ sites in hydrated 17O-ZSM-5 zeolite. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial coordination chemistry of water solvated single Cu2+ sites in ZSM-5 is assessed through pulsed EPR spectroscopy and selective 17O isotopic labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Actis
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
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9
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Safonova EA, Wytko JA, Weiss J, Ugolkova EA, Efimov NN, Minin VV, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. Tetra-(benzo-24-crown-8)-phthalocyanines as a platform for supramolecular ensembles: Synthesis and interaction with viologen. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of novel tetra-(benzo-24-crown-8)-phthalocyanines (Mg(II), Ni(II) and Co(II)) as well as a modified procedure for the free-base ligand and its Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes are reported. The tendency of these phthalocyanines to undergo supramolecular cofacial dimerization induced by interaction with a viologen ([Formula: see text]-di(but-3-ynyl)-4,4[Formula: see text]-bipyridinium) was investigated by UV-vis absorption and EPR spectral studies in solution. The nature of the metal cation in phthalocyanine, the concentration, as well as the solvent all influenced the assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A. Safonova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, 119071, Leninsky pr., 31, building 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elena A. Ugolkova
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Efimov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Minin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, 119071, Leninsky pr., 31, building 4, Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, 119071, Leninsky pr., 31, building 4, Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Mirzoyan R, Hadt RG. The dynamic ligand field of a molecular qubit: decoherence through spin–phonon coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11249-11265. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A ligand field model highlights chemical design principles for the development of room temperature coherent materials for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Mirzoyan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
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11
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Fataftah MS, Krzyaniak MD, Vlaisavljevich B, Wasielewski MR, Zadrozny JM, Freedman DE. Metal-ligand covalency enables room temperature molecular qubit candidates. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6707-6714. [PMID: 31367325 PMCID: PMC6625489 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal–ligand covalency enables observation of coherent spin dynamics to room temperature in a series of vanadium(iv) and copper(ii) catechol complexes.
Harnessing synthetic chemistry to design electronic spin-based qubits, the smallest unit of a quantum information system, enables us to probe fundamental questions regarding spin relaxation dynamics. We sought to probe the influence of metal–ligand covalency on spin–lattice relaxation, which comprises the upper limit of coherence time. Specifically, we studied the impact of the first coordination sphere on spin–lattice relaxation through a series of four molecules featuring V–S, V–Se, Cu–S, and Cu–Se bonds, the Ph4P+ salts of the complexes [V(C6H4S2)3]2– (1), [Cu(C6H4S2)2]2– (2), [V(C6H4Se2)3]2– (3), and [Cu(C6H4Se2)2]2– (4). The combined results of pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ac magnetic susceptibility studies demonstrate the influence of greater M–L covalency, and consequently spin-delocalization onto the ligand, on elongating spin–lattice relaxation times. Notably, we observe the longest spin–lattice relaxation times in 2, and spin echos that survive until room temperature in both copper complexes (2 and 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . ;
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . ; .,The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Dakota , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . ; .,The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Joseph M Zadrozny
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , USA .
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . ;
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12
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Manassen Y, Averbukh M, Jbara M, Siebenhofer B, Shnirman A, Horovitz B. Fingerprints of single nuclear spin energy levels using STM - ENDOR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 289:107-112. [PMID: 29477940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed STM-ENDOR experiments where the intensity of one of the hyperfine components detected in ESR-STM is recorded while an rf power is irradiated into the tunneling junction and its frequency is swept. When the latter frequency is near a nuclear transition a dip in ESR-STM signal is observed. This experiment was performed in three different systems: near surface SiC vacancies where the electron spin is coupled to a next nearest neighbor 29Si nucleus; Cu deposited on Si(111)7x7 surface, where the unpaired electron of the Cu atom is coupled to the Cu nucleus (63Cu, 65Cu) and on Tempo molecules adsorbed on Au(111), where the unpaired electron is coupled to a Nitrogen nucleus (14N). While some of the hyperfine values are unresolved in the ESR-STM data due to linewidth we find that they are accurately determined in the STM-ENDOR data including those from remote nuclei, which are not detected in the ESR-STM spectrum. Furthermore, STM-ENDOR can measure single nuclear Zeeman frequencies, distinguish between isotopes through their different nuclear magnetic moments and detect quadrupole spectra. We also develop and solve a Bloch type equation for the coupled electron-nuclear system that facilitates interpretation of the data. The improved spectral resolution of STM - ENDOR opens many possibilities for nanometric scale chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishay Manassen
- Department of Physics and Ilse Katz Center of Science and Technology in the nm scale, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 85105, Israel
| | - Michael Averbukh
- Department of Physics and Ilse Katz Center of Science and Technology in the nm scale, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 85105, Israel
| | - Moamen Jbara
- Department of Physics and Ilse Katz Center of Science and Technology in the nm scale, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 85105, Israel
| | - Bernhard Siebenhofer
- Department of Physics and Ilse Katz Center of Science and Technology in the nm scale, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 85105, Israel
| | - Alexander Shnirman
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Baruch Horovitz
- Department of Physics and Ilse Katz Center of Science and Technology in the nm scale, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 85105, Israel.
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13
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Konarev DV, Troyanov SI, Kuzmin AV, Nakano Y, Ishikawa M, Faraonov MA, Khasanov SS, Litvinov AL, Otsuka A, Yamochi H, Saito G, Lyubovskaya RN. The Salts of Copper Octafluoro- and Hexadecafluorophthalocyanines Containing [CuII(F8Pc)4–]2– Dianions and [CuF16Pc]− Monoanions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1804-1813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Konarev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Chemistry
Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kuzmin
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
| | - Yoshiaki Nakano
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Research
Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Maxim A. Faraonov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
| | - Salavat S. Khasanov
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
| | - Alexey L. Litvinov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
| | - Akihiro Otsuka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamochi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Gunzi Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Rimma N. Lyubovskaya
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
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14
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Lada ZG, Sanakis Y, Raptopoulou CP, Psycharis V, Perlepes SP, Mitrikas G. Probing the electronic structure of a copper(ii) complex by CW- and pulse-EPR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of a mononuclear octahedral copper(ii) complex has been studied using CW EPR spectroscopy and other advanced methods including Davies ENDOR and HYSCORE (1H and 13C) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi G. Lada
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yiannis Sanakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
| | - Catherine P. Raptopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
| | - Vassilis Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
| | - Spyros P. Perlepes
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Department of Chemistry
| | - George Mitrikas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
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15
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Richert S, Kuprov I, Peeks MD, Suturina EA, Cremers J, Anderson HL, Timmel CR. Quantifying the exchange coupling in linear copper porphyrin oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:16057-16061. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The unique combination of EPR, DFT and novel large-scale simulation methods provides information on exchange coupling between metal centers in molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Richert
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR)
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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16
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Remigio RD, Repisky M, Komorovsky S, Hrobarik P, Frediani L, Ruud K. Four-component relativistic density functional theory with the polarisable continuum model: application to EPR parameters and paramagnetic NMR shifts. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1239846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Di Remigio
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø– The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michal Repisky
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø– The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø– The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter Hrobarik
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Frediani
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø– The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø– The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Richert S, Cremers J, Anderson HL, Timmel CR. Exploring template-bound dinuclear copper porphyrin nanorings by EPR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6952-6960. [PMID: 28451129 PMCID: PMC5363685 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals the molecular geometry and metal–ligand interactions in template-bound ten-membered bis-copper porphyrin nanorings.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been used to study the molecular geometry as well as metal–ligand interactions in ten-membered porphyrin nanorings (c-P10Cu2) containing two copper and eight zinc centers. The presence of copper in the structures allows intramolecular interactions, including dipolar interactions between electron spins and hyperfine interactions to be quantified. Results obtained for c-P10Cu2 samples bound to two molecular templates with four or five binding sites, respectively, are compared to those obtained for a sample of the porphyrin ring in the absence of any templates. It is shown that the observed lower binding affinity of the nitrogen ligand to copper as compared to zinc has a strong impact on the geometries of the respective template-bound c-P10Cu2 structures. The interaction between the central copper atom and nitrogen ligands is weak, but pulsed EPR hyperfine techniques such as ENDOR and HYSCORE are very sensitive to this interaction. Upon binding of a nitrogen ligand to copper, the hyperfine couplings of the in-plane nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin core are reduced by about 3 MHz. In addition, the copper hyperfine couplings as well as the g-factors are altered, as detected by continuous wave EPR. DFT calculations of the hyperfine coupling tensors support the assignment of the measured couplings to the nuclei within the structure and reproduce the experimentally observed trends. Finally, Double Electron Electron Resonance (DEER) is used to measure the distances between the copper centers in a range between 2.5 and 5 nm, revealing the preferred geometries of the template-bound nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Richert
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR) , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
| | - Jonathan Cremers
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR) , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
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18
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Vu KB, Phung TK. cis-Cyclooctene epoxidation catalyzed by bulk metallophthalocyanines, metallohexadecafluorophthalocyanines and hollow silica-supported metallohexadecafluorophthalocyanine. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Bader K, Winkler M, van Slageren J. Tuning of molecular qubits: very long coherence and spin-lattice relaxation times. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3623-6. [PMID: 26854001 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a pulsed EPR study on different transition metal phthalocyanines, elucidating the dependence of spin relaxation on solvent, ligand and metal ion. Coherence times of >40 µs and spin-lattice relaxation times of up to 2 s were found. Minimization of SOMO-environment overlap leads to increased coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bader
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - M Winkler
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - J van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart/Ulm, Germany
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20
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Hallett AJ, O’Brien TM, Carter E, Kariuki BM, Murphy DM, Ward BD. Copper(II) complexes of pyridine-oxazoline (Pyox) ligands: Coordination chemistry, ligand stability, and catalysis. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Structure and energetical properties of metal pivalate chelates M(piv)3 (M = Al, Ga, In, Tl) by DFT calculations. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Gas-phase structure and conformations of copper(II) 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Maiti BK, Maia LB, Pal K, Pakhira B, Avilés T, Moura I, Pauleta SR, Nuñez JL, Rizzi AC, Brondino CD, Sarkar S, Moura JJG. One Electron Reduced Square Planar Bis(benzene-1,2-dithiolato) Copper Dianionic Complex and Redox Switch by O2/HO–. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12799-808. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501742j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K. Maiti
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luisa B. Maia
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Kuntal Pal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Bholanath Pakhira
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Teresa Avilés
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sofia R. Pauleta
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José L. Nuñez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica
y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto C. Rizzi
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica
y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos D. Brondino
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica
y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - José J. G. Moura
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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24
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Matano Y, Fujii D, Shibano T, Furukawa K, Higashino T, Nakano H, Imahori H. Covalently Linked 5,15-Diazaporphyrin Dimers: Promising Scaffolds for a Highly Conjugated Azaporphyrin π System. Chemistry 2014; 20:3342-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Bourzami R, Eyele-Mezui S, Delahaye E, Drillon M, Rabu P, Parizel N, Choua S, Turek P, Rogez G. New metal phthalocyanines/metal simple hydroxide multilayers: experimental evidence of dipolar field-driven magnetic behavior. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1184-94. [PMID: 24400974 DOI: 10.1021/ic4027688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hybrid multilayers has been synthesized by insertion-grafting of transition metal (Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)) tetrasulfonato phthalocyanines between layers of Cu(II) and Co(II) simple hydroxides. The structural and spectroscopic investigations confirm the formation of new layered hybrid materials in which the phthalocyanines act as pillars between the inorganic layers. The magnetic investigations show that all copper hydroxide-based compounds behave similarly, presenting an overall antiferromagnetic behavior with no ordering down to 1.8 K. On the contrary, the cobalt hydroxide-based compounds present a ferrimagnetic ordering around 6 K, regardless of the nature of the metal phthalocyanine between the inorganic layers. The latter observation points to strictly dipolar interactions between the inorganic layers. The amplitude of the dipolar field has been evaluated from X-band and Q-band EPR spectroscopy investigation (Bdipolar ≈ 30 mT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Bourzami
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, and Labex NIE , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
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26
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Potential for spin-based information processing in a thin-film molecular semiconductor. Nature 2013; 503:504-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Maity AN, Ke SC. 5-Fluorolysine as alternative substrate of lysine 5,6-aminomutase: A computational study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Carter E, Hazeland EL, Murphy DM, Ward BD. Structure, EPR/ENDOR and DFT characterisation of a [Cu(II)(en)2](OTf)2 complex. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15088-96. [PMID: 24000097 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Jahn-Teller distorted Cu(II) complex [Cu(en)2](OTf)2 1 (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) has been reported and characterised using X-ray crystallography, EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The solid state structure shows an intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen-bonded network via the N-H groups and the coordinated triflate anions. CW and pulsed EPR/ENDOR were used to determine the spin Hamiltonian parameters of the Cu(II) complex, which were in excellent agreement with the DFT. The structure of the complex, as determined by angular selective ENDOR, is also in good agreement with the crystal structure, confirming the axial coordination of the counter-ion(s) in the frozen solution. The small (14)N superhyperfine couplings are also consistent with the sp(3) hybridised nature of the coordinating nitrogens. These results show that the correlation between the (14)N hyperfine coupling and hybridisation of donor nitrogens can be useful to determine not only the coordination around the Cu(ii) metal centre but also the nature of the donor in unknown Cu(II) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carter
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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29
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Zarei SA, Akhtari K, Hassanzadeh K, Piltan M, Saaidpour S, Abedi M. Halide (Cl-, Br-, I-) Influence on the Electronic Properties of Macrocyclic Nickel(II) Complexes: Ab-initio DFT Study. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2013.57.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Håkansson P, Nguyen T, Nair PB, Edge R, Stulz E. Cu(ii)–porphyrin molecular dynamics as seen in a novel EPR/Stochastic Liouville equation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:10930-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50788b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Warner M, Mauthoor S, Felton S, Wu W, Gardener JA, Din S, Klose D, Morley GW, Stoneham AM, Fisher AJ, Aeppli G, Kay CWM, Heutz S. Spin-based diagnostic of nanostructure in copper phthalocyanine-C60 solar cell blends. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10808-10815. [PMID: 23186550 DOI: 10.1021/nn304156e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructure and molecular orientation play a crucial role in determining the functionality of organic thin films. In practical devices, such as organic solar cells consisting of donor-acceptor mixtures, crystallinity is poor and these qualities cannot be readily determined by conventional diffraction techniques, while common microscopy only reveals surface morphology. Using a simple nondestructive technique, namely, continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, which exploits the well-understood angular dependence of the g-factor and hyperfine tensors, we show that in the solar cell blend of C(60) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)-for which X-ray diffraction gives no information-the CuPc, and by implication the C(60), molecules form nanoclusters, with the planes of the CuPc molecules oriented perpendicular to the film surface. This information demonstrates that the current nanostructure in CuPc:C(60) solar cells is far from optimal and suggests that their efficiency could be considerably increased by alternative film growth algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Warner
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
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32
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Wong EWY, Miura A, Wright MD, He Q, Walsby CJ, Shimizu S, Kobayashi N, Leznoff DB. Gold(II) Phthalocyanine Revisited: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Gold(III) Phthalocyanine and an Unprecedented Ring-Contracted Phthalocyanine Analogue. Chemistry 2012; 18:12404-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Abdulmalic MA, Aliabadi A, Petr A, Krupskaya Y, Kataev V, Büchner B, Hahn T, Kortus J, Rüffer T. An interplay between the spin density distribution and magnetic superexchange interactions: a case study of mononuclear [nBu4N]2[Cu(opooMe)] and novel asymmetric trinuclear [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2](NO3)2·3MeCN. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:14657-70. [PMID: 23059964 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Abdulmalic
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Strasse der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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34
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Owen ME, Carter E, Hutchings GJ, Ward BD, Murphy DM. Influence of counterions on the structure of bis(oxazoline)copper(ii) complexes; an EPR and ENDOR investigation. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11085-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Chanu OB, Kumar A, Ahmed A, Lal R. Synthesis and characterisation of heterometallic trinuclear copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes derived from bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)oxaloyldihydrazone. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Murphy DM, Caretti I, Carter E, Fallis IA, Göbel MC, Landon J, Doorslaer SV, Willock DJ. Visualizing Diastereomeric Interactions of Chiral Amine–Chiral Copper Salen Adducts by EPR Spectroscopy and DFT. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6944-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200113u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Moons H, Łapok Ł, Loas A, Van Doorslaer S, Gorun SM. Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Magnetic Resonance, and DFT Analysis of a Soluble Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Lacking C−H Bonds. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8779-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Moons
- SIBAC Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Łukasz Łapok
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- SIBAC Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sergiu M. Gorun
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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38
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Tschaggelar R, Kasumaj B, Santangelo MG, Forrer J, Leger P, Dube H, Diederich F, Harmer J, Schuhmann R, García-Rubio I, Jeschke G. Cryogenic 35GHz pulse ENDOR probehead accommodating large sample sizes: Performance and applications. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 200:81-87. [PMID: 19581114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The construction and performance of a cryogenic 35GHz pulse electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) probehead for large samples is presented. The resonator is based on a rectangular TE(102) cavity in which the radio frequency (rf) B(2)-field is generated by a two turn saddle ENDOR coil crossing the resonator along the sample axis with minimal distance to the sample tube. An rf power efficiency factor is used to define the B(2)-field strength per square-root of the transmitted rf power over the frequency range 2-180MHz. The distributions of the microwave B(1)- and E(1)-field, and the rf B(2)-field are investigated by electromagnetic field calculations. All dielectrics, the sample tube, and coupling elements are included in the calculations. The application range of the probehead and the advantages of using large sample sizes are demonstrated and discussed on a number of paramagnetic samples containing transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Tschaggelar
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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Van Doorslaer S, Caretti I, Fallis I, Murphy D. The power of electron paramagnetic resonance to study asymmetric homogeneous catalysts based on transition-metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bräuer B, Weigend F, Fittipaldi M, Gatteschi D, Reijerse EJ, Guerri A, Ciattini S, Salvan G, Rüffer T. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Density-Functional Theory Studies of Cu(II)-bis(oxamato) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6633-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702460t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Bräuer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maria Fittipaldi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dante Gatteschi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edward J. Reijerse
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Annalisa Guerri
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Samuele Ciattini
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Georgeta Salvan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Calzolari A, Ferretti A, Nardelli MB. Ab initio correlation effects on the electronic and transport properties of metal(II)-phthalocyanine-based devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 18:424013. [PMID: 21730446 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/42/424013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory, we investigated the electronic and transport properties of metal(II)-phthalocyanine (M(II)Pc) systems, both in a single-molecule configuration and in a model device geometry. In particular, using copper(II)-Pc and manganese(II)-Pc as prototypical examples, we studied how electronic correlations on the central metal ion influence the analysis of the electronic structure of the system and we demonstrated that the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, also beyond the standard local or gradient corrected level, is of crucial importance for a correct interpretation of the data. Finally, our electronic transport simulations have shown that M(II)Pc-based devices can act selectively as molecular conductors, as in the case of copper, or as spin valves, as in the case of manganese, demonstrating once more the great potential of these systems for molecular nanoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo Calzolari
- INFM-CNR-S3 National Center on nanoStructures and bioSystems at Surfaces, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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Doorslaer S, Murphy DM, Fallis IA. Evaluating π-π stacking effects in macrocyclic transition metal complexes using EPR techniques. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1163/156856707782169318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calle C, Schweiger A, Mitrikas G. Continuous-Wave and Pulse EPR Study of the Copper(II) Complex of N-Confused Tetraphenylporphyrin: Direct Observation of a σ Metal−Carbon Bond. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:1847-55. [PMID: 17266303 DOI: 10.1021/ic0621852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-confused or inverted porphyrins, a family of porphyrin isomers that contain a confused pyrrole ring connected through its alpha and beta' positions in the macrocycle, exhibit unique physical and chemical properties, like, for instance, the ability to stabilize unusual oxidation states of metals due to the reactivity of the inverted pyrrole. In this Article, a combined multifrequency continuous-wave and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of the copper(II) complex of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) is presented. By use of pulse EPR methods like ENDOR and HYSCORE, the magnetic interactions between the unpaired electron of the compound and the surrounding nitrogen nuclei were revealed. Through 13C labeling of the macrocycle, a detailed study of the carbon hyperfine interaction became possible and provided further insight into the character of the metal-carbon bond. The observed hyperfine couplings of the ligand atoms in the first coordination sphere showed the presence of a remarkably strong sigma Cu-C bond and allowed for a detailed analysis of the spin delocalization over the porphyrin macrocycle. Interestingly, it was found that the observed delocalization is approximately 11% larger than the corresponding one for CuTPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calle
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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