1
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Shinde A, Illath K, Gupta P, Shinde P, Lim KT, Nagai M, Santra TS. A Review of Single-Cell Adhesion Force Kinetics and Applications. Cells 2021; 10:577. [PMID: 33808043 PMCID: PMC8000588 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and translating them into biochemical signals. The adhesion of cells is crucial in various developmental functions, such as to maintain tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis and activate critical signaling pathways regulating survival, migration, gene expression, and differentiation. More importantly, any mutations of adhesion receptors can lead to developmental disorders and diseases. Thus, it is essential to understand the regulation of cell adhesion during development and its contribution to various conditions with the help of quantitative methods. The techniques involved in offering different functionalities such as surface imaging to detect forces present at the cell-matrix and deliver quantitative parameters will help characterize the changes for various diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed single-cell mechanical properties for mechanotransduction studies using standard and recently developed techniques. This is used to functionalize from the measurement of cellular deformability to the quantification of the interaction forces generated by a cell and exerted on its surroundings at single-cell with attachment and detachment events. The adhesive force measurement for single-cell microorganisms and single-molecules is emphasized as well. This focused review should be useful in laying out experiments which would bring the method to a broader range of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (A.S.); (K.I.); (P.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (A.S.); (K.I.); (P.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (A.S.); (K.I.); (P.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (A.S.); (K.I.); (P.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do 24341, Korea;
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan;
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (A.S.); (K.I.); (P.G.); (P.S.)
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2
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Fu Y, Ji H. Cytomorphology-based microchip with contour extraction processing for bioparticle analysis. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1195-1201. [PMID: 30387160 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated an integrated digital image processing framework that is training-free for high throughput beads or biological cells detection and enumeration by the bead aggregation splitting algorithm. By making contour extraction processing, the aggregated beads can be clearly split for precise counting. It can be potentially embedded on-chip in a miniaturized medical equipment to automatically adjust illumination condition and de-noise. This study demonstrates that the existing hematological analysis can be updated from manual classification and counting by high-speed and precise machine-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
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3
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Yao J, Zhu G, Zhao T, Takei M. Microfluidic device embedding electrodes for dielectrophoretic manipulation of cells-A review. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1166-1177. [PMID: 30378130 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic device embedding electrodes realizes cell manipulation with the help of dielectrophoresis. Cell manipulation is an important technology for cell sorting and cell population purification. Till now, the theory of dielectrophoresis has been greatly developed. Microfluidic devices with various arrangements of electrodes have been reported from the beginning of the single non-uniform electric field to the later multiple physical fields. This paper reviews the research status of microfluidic device embedding electrodes for cell manipulation based on dielectrophoresis. Firstly, the working principle of dielectrophoresis is explained. Next, cell manipulation approaches based on dielectrophoresis are introduced. Then, different types of electrode arrangements in the microfluidic device for cell manipulation are discussed, including planar, multilayered and microarray dot electrodes. Finally, the future development trend of the dielectrophoresis with the help of microfluidic devices is prospected. With the rapid development of microfluidic technology, in the near future, high precision, high throughput, high efficiency, multifunctional, portable, economical and practical microfluidic dielectrophoresis will be widely used in the fields of biology, medicine, agriculture and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Yao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Faculty of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi`an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, P. R. China
| | - Masahiro Takei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-0022, Japan
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4
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Chiriacò MS, Bianco M, Nigro A, Primiceri E, Ferrara F, Romano A, Quattrini A, Furlan R, Arima V, Maruccio G. Lab-on-Chip for Exosomes and Microvesicles Detection and Characterization. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3175. [PMID: 30241303 PMCID: PMC6210978 DOI: 10.3390/s18103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in extracellular vesicles and in particular microvesicles and exosomes, which are constitutively produced by cells, is on the rise for their huge potential as biomarkers in a high number of disorders and pathologies as they are considered as carriers of information among cells, as well as being responsible for the spreading of diseases. Current methods of analysis of microvesicles and exosomes do not fulfill the requirements for their in-depth investigation and the complete exploitation of their diagnostic and prognostic value. Lab-on-chip methods have the potential and capabilities to bridge this gap and the technology is mature enough to provide all the necessary steps for a completely automated analysis of extracellular vesicles in body fluids. In this paper we provide an overview of the biological role of extracellular vesicles, standard biochemical methods of analysis and their limits, and a survey of lab-on-chip methods that are able to meet the needs of a deeper exploitation of these biological entities to drive their use in common clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Bianco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- STMicroelectronics, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Arima
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhang W. Biophysical measurement of red blood cells by laboratory on print circuit board chip. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1140-1143. [PMID: 29682769 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance pulse sensor has emerged as an easily handled and low-cost platform in the electrical analysis of biological cells. In the conventional method, impedance sensor demanded expensive patterning metal electrodes on the substrate, which are directly in touch with electrolytes in order to measure the microfluidic channel impedance change. In this article, a cost-effective microfluidic impedance sensor built upon a dielectric film coated printed circuit board is introduced. Impedance electrodes are protected by a dielectric film layer from electrochemical erosion between electrodes and electrolyte. Human red blood cells from adult and neonatal were utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed device in the electroanalysis of biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wengeng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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6
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Qiu X, Zhang J, Gong S, Wang D, Qiao S, Ge S, Xia N, Yu D, Qian S. A Single-Bead-Based, Fully Integrated Microfluidic System for High-Throughput CD4+T Lymphocyte Enumeration. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:134-143. [PMID: 29028426 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317737016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A single-bead-based, fully integrated microfluidic system has been developed for high-throughput CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration at point-of-care testing. Instead of directly counting CD4+T lymphocytes, CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration is achieved by quantitatively detecting CD4 antigen from the lysed blood sample with a functionalized polycarbonate single bead based on chemiluminescence. To implement the sandwiched chemiluminescence immunoassay with reduced nonspecific binding, a streamlined microfluidic chip with multiple reaction chambers is developed to allow each reaction step to be completed in an independent chamber where reagent is pre-stored. With simple magnetic control, the single bead with an embedded ferrous core can be consecutively transported between each of two adjacent chambers for different reactions. Meanwhile, enhanced mixing can be achieved by moving the single bead back and forth inside one chamber with magnetic actuation. High-throughput detection can be performed when a linear actuation stage is adopted to introduce synchronous magnetic control to multiple single beads in parallel microfluidic chips. A sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is adopted for high-throughput chemiluminescence detection from multiple single beads. Experimental results show that with the fully integrated microfluidic system, easy-to-operate, accurate, low-cost, immediate, and high-throughput CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration can be successfully achieved at resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Qiu
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shisong Gong
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- 2 Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Beijing, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- 2 Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Beijing, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- 3 National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- 3 National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Duli Yu
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhi Qian
- 5 Institute of Micro/Nanotechnology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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7
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Yan CS, Wang YN. Multi-parameter analysis using photovoltaic cell-based optofluidic cytometer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3585-3595. [PMID: 27699122 PMCID: PMC5030034 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A multi-parameter optofluidic cytometer based on two low-cost commercial photovoltaic cells and an avalanche photodetector is proposed. The optofluidic cytometer is fabricated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and is capable of detecting side scattered (SSC), extinction (EXT) and fluorescence (FL) signals simultaneously using a free-space light transmission technique without the need for on-chip optical waveguides. The feasibility of the proposed device is demonstrated by detecting fluorescent-labeled polystyrene beads with sizes of 3 μm, 5 μm and 10 μm, respectively, and label-free beads with a size of 7.26 μm. The detection experiments are performed using both single-bead population samples and mixed-bead population samples. The detection results obtained using the SSC/EXT, EXT/FL and SSC/FL signals are compared with those obtained using a commercial flow cytometer. It is shown that the optofluidic cytometer achieves a high detection accuracy for both single-bead population samples and mixed-bead population samples. Consequently, the proposed device provides a versatile, straightforward and low-cost solution for a wide variety of point-of-care (PoC) cytometry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shun Yan
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Nan Wang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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8
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Baday M, Calamak S, Durmus NG, Davis RW, Steinmetz LM, Demirci U. Integrating Cell Phone Imaging with Magnetic Levitation (i-LEV) for Label-Free Blood Analysis at the Point-of-Living. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1222-1229. [PMID: 26523938 PMCID: PMC4775401 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging need for portable, robust, inexpensive, and easy-to-use disease diagnosis and prognosis monitoring platforms to share health information at the point-of-living, including clinical and home settings. Recent advances in digital health technologies have improved early diagnosis, drug treatment, and personalized medicine. Smartphones with high-resolution cameras and high data processing power enable intriguing biomedical applications when integrated with diagnostic devices. Further, these devices have immense potential to contribute to public health in resource-limited settings where there is a particular need for portable, rapid, label-free, easy-to-use, and affordable biomedical devices to diagnose and continuously monitor patients for precision medicine, especially those suffering from rare diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Here, a magnetic levitation-based diagnosis system is presented in which different cell types (i.e., white and red blood cells) are levitated in a magnetic gradient and separated due to their unique densities. Moreover, an easy-to-use, smartphone incorporated levitation system for cell analysis is introduced. Using our portable imaging magnetic levitation (i-LEV) system, it is shown that white and red blood cells can be identified and cell numbers can be quantified without using any labels. In addition, cells levitated in i-LEV can be distinguished at single-cell resolution, potentially enabling diagnosis and monitoring, as well as clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Baday
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
| | - Semih Calamak
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
| | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304
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9
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Chen Y, Guo J, Muhammad H, Kang Y, Ary SK. CMOS-Compatible Silicon-Nanowire-Based Coulter Counter for Cell Enumeration. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 63:311-5. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2456190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Li W, Gao Y, Pappas D. A complementary method to CD4 counting: measurement of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in a tandem affinity microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:113. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Guo J, Huang X, Ai Y. On-Demand Lensless Single Cell Imaging Activated by Differential Resistive Pulse Sensing. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6516-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Guo
- Pillar
of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Xiwei Huang
- School
of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar
of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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12
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Shi D, Guo J, Chen L, Xia C, Yu Z, Ai Y, Li CM, Kang Y, Wang Z. Differential microfluidic sensor on printed circuit board for biological cells analysis. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1854-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Shi
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development; Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore; Singapore
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhefeng Yu
- China Aerodynamics Research & Development Center; Mianyang; Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development; Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore; Singapore
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
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13
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Guo J, Ai Y, Cheng Y, Li CM, Kang Y, Wang Z. Volumetric measurement of human red blood cells by MOSFET-based microfluidic gate. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1862-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development; Singapore University of Technology and Design; Singapore Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development; Singapore University of Technology and Design; Singapore Singapore
| | - Yuanbing Cheng
- Research Institute of Smart Terminal; Sichuan Changhong Electric Co., Ltd; Mianyang P. R. China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials; Southwest University; Beibei P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu P. R. China
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14
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Chang KT, Chang YJ, Chen CL, Wang YN. Multichannel lens-free CMOS sensors for real-time monitoring of cell growth. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:413-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Tung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yao-Nan Wang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
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15
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Guo J, Chen L, Huang X, Li CM, Ai Y, Kang Y. Dual characterization of biological cells by optofluidic microscope and resistive pulse sensor. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:420-3. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Guo
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development; Singapore University of Technology and Design; Singapore Singapore
- School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Xiwei Huang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials; Southwest University; Beibei, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development; Singapore University of Technology and Design; Singapore Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
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16
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Law JKY, Susloparova A, Vu XT, Zhou X, Hempel F, Qu B, Hoth M, Ingebrandt S. Human T cells monitored by impedance spectrometry using field-effect transistor arrays: a novel tool for single-cell adhesion and migration studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 67:170-6. [PMID: 25155061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in the immune system by recognizing and eliminating pathogen-infected and tumorigenic cells. In order to achieve their function, T cells have to migrate throughout the whole body and identify the respective targets. In conventional immunology studies, interactions between CTLs and targets are usually investigated using tedious and time-consuming immunofluorescence imaging. However, there is currently no straightforward measurement tool available to examine the interaction strengths. In the present study, adhesion strengths and migration of single human CD8(+) T cells on pre-coated field-effect transistor (FET) devices (i.e. fibronectin, anti-CD3 antibody, and anti-LFA-1 antibody) were measured using impedance spectroscopy. Adhesion strengths to different protein and antibody coatings were compared. By fitting the data to an electronically equivalent circuit model, cell-related parameters (cell membrane capacitance referring to cell morphology and seal resistance referring to adhesion strength) were obtained. This electronically-assessed adhesion strength provides a novel, fast, and important index describing the interaction efficiency. Furthermore, the size of our detection transistor gates as well as their sensitivity reaches down to single cell resolution. Real-time motions of individually migrating T cells can be traced using our FET devices. The in-house fabricated FETs used in the present study are providing a novel and very efficient insight to individual cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ka Yan Law
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Anna Susloparova
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Xuan Thang Vu
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Felix Hempel
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
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17
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18
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Guo J, Lei W, Ma X, Xue P, Chen Y, Kang Y. Design of a fluidic circuit-based microcytometer for circulating tumor cell detection and enumeration. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2014; 8:35-41. [PMID: 24048075 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2013.2275091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Portable devices have been introduced to provide companion diagnostics in many applications such as personalized healthcare monitoring since several decades ago. Recently the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic chip enables a cost effective platform for point of care diagnostics. In this paper, we present a systematic theoretical and experimental study of a novel fluidic circuit-based microcytometer. The working principle of this device is based on the characterization of the bandwidth and amplitude of the bias-voltage pulses induced by the microparticle's physical blockage of the sensing aperture. In the simulation, the amplitude and bandwidth of the bias voltage change is simply related to the microparticle translocation time and resistance change in the sensing aperture. In the modeling part, we simulate the two parameters (peak and translocation time) by considering 7 μm and 16 μm, which is used to approximately characterize the Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). In the experimental setup, microparticles of different sizes are used to demonstrate the chip performance. Furthermore, RBCs and CTCs are detected and enumerated by the proposed chip. The microcytometry chip is presented and is expected toward the point of care clinical diagnostics.
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Damhorst GL, Watkins NN, Bashir R. Micro- and nanotechnology for HIV/AIDS diagnostics in resource-limited settings. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:715-26. [PMID: 23512111 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2244894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four million people are living with HIV worldwide, a disproportionate number of whom live in resource-limited settings. Proper clinical management of AIDS, the disease caused by HIV, requires regular monitoring of both the status of the host's immune system and levels of the virus in their blood. Therefore, more accessible technologies capable of performing a CD4+ T cell count and HIV viral load measurement in settings where HIV is most prevalent are desperately needed to enable better treatment strategies and ultimately quell the spread of the virus within populations. This review discusses micro- and nanotechnology solutions to performing these key clinical measurements in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Damhorst
- Department of Bioengineering and the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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20
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Chen HT, Fu LM, Huang HH, Shu WE, Wang YN. Particles small angle forward-scattered light measurement based on photovoltaic cell microflow cytometer. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:337-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Taw Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hui Huang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Shu
- Department of Vehicle Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yao-Nan Wang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
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21
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Glynn MT, Kinahan DJ, Ducrée J. CD4 counting technologies for HIV therapy monitoring in resource-poor settings--state-of-the-art and emerging microtechnologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2731-2748. [PMID: 23670110 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern advancements in pharmaceuticals have provided individuals who have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the possibility of significantly extending their survival rates. When administered sufficiently soon after infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows medical practitioners to control onset of the symptoms of the associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Active monitoring of the immune system in both HIV patients and individuals who are regarded as "at-risk" is critical in the decision making process for when to start a patient on ART. A reliable and common method for such monitoring is to observe any decline in the number of CD4 expressing T-helper cells in the blood of a patient. However, the technology, expertise, infrastructure and costs to carry out such a diagnostic cannot be handled by medical services in resource-poor regions where HIV is endemic. Addressing this shortfall, commercialized point-of-care (POC) CD4 cell count systems are now available in such regions. A number of newer devices will also soon be on the market, some the result of recent maturing of charity-funded initiatives. Many of the current and imminent devices are enabled by microfluidic solutions, and this review will critically survey and analyze these POC technologies for CD4 counting, both on-market and near-to-market deployment. Additionally, promising technologies under development that may usher in a new generation of devices will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macdara T Glynn
- Biomedical Diagnostic Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Fu LM, Wang YN. Optical microflow cytometer based on external total reflection. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3229-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung; Taiwan
| | - Yao-Nan Wang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung; Taiwan
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23
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Horák D, Svobodová Z, Autebert J, Coudert B, Plichta Z, Královec K, Bílková Z, Viovy JL. Albumin-coated monodisperse magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres with immobilized antibodies: application to the capture of epithelial cancer cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:23-32. [PMID: 22767416 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse (4 μm) macroporous crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres for use in microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting, with a specific application to the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), were prepared by multistep swelling polymerization in the presence of cyclohexyl acetate porogen and hydrolyzed and ammonolyzed. Iron oxide was then precipitated in the microspheres to render them magnetic. Repeated precipitation made possible to raise the iron oxide content to more than 30 wt %. To minimize nonspecific adsorption of the microspheres in a microchannel and of cells on the microspheres, they were coated with albumin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Antibodies of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM) were then immobilized on the albumin-coated magnetic microspheres using the carbodiimide method. Capture of breast cancer MCF7 cells as a model of CTCs by the microspheres with immobilized anti-EpCAM IgG was performed in a batch experiment. Finally, MCF7 cells were captured by the anti-EpCAM-immobilized albumin-coated magnetic microspheres in an Ephesia chip. A very good rejection of lymphocytes was achieved. Thus, albumin-coated monodisperse magnetic PGMA microspheres with immobilized anti-EpCAM seem to be promising for capture of CTCs in a microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Horák
- Department of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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24
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Zhuang G, Jensen TG, Kutter JP. Detection of unlabeled particles in the low micrometer size range using light scattering and hydrodynamic 3D focusing in a microfluidic system. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1715-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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He RX, Lin P, Liu ZK, Zhu HW, Zhao XZ, Chan HLW, Yan F. Solution-gated graphene field effect transistors integrated in microfluidic systems and used for flow velocity detection. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:1404-1409. [PMID: 22324366 DOI: 10.1021/nl2040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solution-gated graphene field effect transistors (SGGT) were integrated in microfluidic systems. The transfer characteristics of a SGGT with an Ag/AgCl gate electrode shifted horizontally with the change of the ionic concentration of KCl solution in the microchannel and the relationship can be fitted with the Nernst equation, which was attributed to the change of the potential drop at the Ag/AgCl electrode. Therefore the gate electrode is one important factor for the ion sensitive property of the SGGT. Then SGGTs were used as flow velocity sensors, which were based on measuring the streaming potentials in microfluidic channels. A linear relationship between the shift of the transfer curve of the SGGT and the flow velocity was obtained, indicating that the SGGT is a promising transducer for measuring flow velocity in a microchip. Since the streaming potential is influenced by the three physical quantities, including the flow velocity, the ionic strength of the fluid and the zeta potential of the substrate, the device can be used for sensing any one of the three quantities when the other two were known. It is noteworthy that SGGTs have been used for various types of chemical and biological sensors. Array of the devices integrated in multichannel microchips are expected to find many important applications in the lab-on-a-chip systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang He
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Boyle DS, Hawkins KR, Steele MS, Singhal M, Cheng X. Emerging technologies for point-of-care CD4 T-lymphocyte counting. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 30:45-54. [PMID: 21798607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A CD4 T-lymphocyte count determines eligibility for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients recently diagnosed with HIV and also monitors the efficacy of ART treatment thereafter. ART slows the progression of HIV to AIDS. In the developing world, CD4 tests are often performed in centralized laboratories, typically in urban areas. The expansion of ART programs into rural areas has created a need for rapid CD4 counting because logistical barriers can delay the timely dissemination of test results and affect patient care through delay in intervention or loss of follow-up care. CD4 measurement at the point-of-care (POC) in rural areas could help the facilitation of ART and monitoring of treatment. This review highlights recent technology developments with applications towards determining CD4 counts at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Boyle
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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27
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Moon S, Gurkan UA, Blander J, Fawzi WW, Aboud S, Mugusi F, Kuritzkes DR, Demirci U. Enumeration of CD4+ T-cells using a portable microchip count platform in Tanzanian HIV-infected patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21409. [PMID: 21754988 PMCID: PMC3130745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count (CD4 count) is a standard method used to monitor HIV-infected patients during anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out or recommended that a handheld, point-of-care, reliable, and affordable CD4 count platform is urgently needed in resource-scarce settings. METHODS HIV-infected patient blood samples were tested at the point-of-care using a portable and label-free microchip CD4 count platform that we have developed. A total of 130 HIV-infected patient samples were collected that included 16 de-identified left over blood samples from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), and 114 left over samples from Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) enrolled in the HIV and AIDS care and treatment centers in the City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The two data groups from BWH and MUHAS were analyzed and compared to the commonly accepted CD4 count reference method (FACSCalibur system). RESULTS The portable, battery operated and microscope-free microchip platform developed in our laboratory (BWH) showed significant correlation in CD4 counts compared with FACSCalibur system both at BWH (r = 0.94, p<0.01) and MUHAS (r = 0.49, p<0.01), which was supported by the Bland-Altman methods comparison analysis. The device rapidly produced CD4 count within 10 minutes using an in-house developed automated cell counting program. CONCLUSIONS We obtained CD4 counts of HIV-infected patients using a portable platform which is an inexpensive (<$1 material cost) and disposable microchip that uses whole blood sample (<10 µl) without any pre-processing. The system operates without the need for antibody-based fluorescent labeling and expensive fluorescent illumination and microscope setup. This portable CD4 count platform displays agreement with the FACSCalibur results and has the potential to expand access to HIV and AIDS monitoring using fingerprick volume of whole blood and helping people who suffer from HIV and AIDS in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangJun Moon
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Umut Atakan Gurkan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Blander
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ferdinand Mugusi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Daniel R. Kuritzkes
- Section of Retroviral Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Numerous methods have recently been developed to characterize cells for size, shape, and specific cell-surface markers. Most of these methods rely upon exogenous labeling of the cells and are better suited for large cell populations (>10,000). Here, we review a label-free method of characterizing and screening cells based on the Coulter-counter technique of particle sizing: an individual cell transiting a microchannel (or "pore") causes a downward pulse in the measured DC current across that "pore". Pulse magnitude corresponds to the cell size, pulse width to the transit time needed for the cell to pass through the pore, and pulse shape to how the cell traverses across the pore (i.e., rolling or tumbling). When the pore is functionalized with an antibody that is specific to a surface-epitope of interest, label-free screening of a specific marker is possible, as transient binding between the two results in longer time duration than when the pore is unfunctionalized or functionalized with a nonspecific antibody. While this method cannot currently compete with traditional technology in terms of throughput, there are a number of applications for which this technology is better suited than current commercial cytometry systems. Applications include the rapid and nondestructive analysis of small cell populations (<100), which is not possible with current technology, and a platform for providing true point-of-care clinical diagnostics, due to the simplicity of the device, low manufacturing costs, and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Chapman
- Biophysics Graduate Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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29
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Counting bacteria on a microfluidic chip. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 681:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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McPherson AL, Walker GM. A Microfluidic Passive Pumping Coulter Counter. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2010; 9:897-904. [PMID: 23930109 PMCID: PMC3735229 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-010-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device using on-chip passive pumping was characterized for use as a particle counter. Flow occurred due to a Young-Laplace pressure gradient between two 1.2 mm diameter inlets and a 4 mm diameter reservoir when 0.5μ L fluid droplets were applied to the inlets using a micropipette. Polystyrene particles (10μm diameter) were enumerated using the resistive pulse technique. Particle counts using passive pumping were within 13% of counts from a device using syringe pumping. All pumping methods produced particle counts that were within 16% of those obtained with a hemocytometer. The effect of intermediate wash steps on particle counts within the passive pumping device was determined. Zero, one, or two wash droplets were loaded after the first of two sample droplets. No statistical difference was detected in the mean particle counts among the loading patterns (p > 0.05). Hydrodynamic focusing using passive pumping was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. McPherson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Tel.: 919-513-8253 Fax: 919-513-3814
| | - Glenn M. Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Tel.: 919-513-4390 Fax: 919-513-3814
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31
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Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Simone G, Arora A, Philippi A, Manz A. Latest developments in microfluidic cell biology and analysis systems. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4848-64. [PMID: 20462184 DOI: 10.1021/ac1009707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Huang H, Mao X, Lin SCS, Kiraly B, Huang Y, Huang TJ. Tunable two-dimensional liquid gradient refractive index (L-GRIN) lens for variable light focusing. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2387-93. [PMID: 20697662 DOI: 10.1039/c005071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a two-dimensional (2D) tunable liquid gradient refractive index (L-GRIN) lens for variable focusing of light in the out-of-plane direction. This lens focuses a light beam through a liquid medium with a 2D hyperbolic secant (HS) refractive index gradient. The refractive index gradient is established in a microfluidic chamber through the diffusion between two fluids with different refractive indices, i.e. CaCl(2) solution and deionized (DI) water. The 2D HS refractive index profile and subsequently the focal length of the L-GRIN lens can be tuned by changing the ratio of the flow rates of the CaCl(2) solution and DI water. The focusing effect is experimentally characterized through side-view and top-view image analysis, and the experimental data match well with the results from ray-tracing optical simulations. Advantages of the 2D L-GRIN lens include simple device fabrication procedure, low fluid consumption rate, convenient lens-tuning mechanism, and compatibility with existing microfluidic devices. We expect that with further optimizations, this 2D L-GRIN lens can be used in many optics-based lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Wu HW, Hsu RC, Lin CC, Hwang SM, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic system for isolation, counting, and sorting of hematopoietic stem cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:024112. [PMID: 20697577 PMCID: PMC2917870 DOI: 10.1063/1.3454767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an integrated microfluidic system capable of isolation, counting, and sorting of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from cord blood in an automatic format by utilizing a magnetic-bead-based immunoassay. Three functional modules, including cell isolation, cell counting, and cell sorting modules are integrated on a single chip by using microfluidic technology. The cell isolation module is comprised of a four-membrane-type micromixer for binding of target stem cells and magnetic beads, two pneumatic micropumps for sample transport, and an S-shaped channel for isolation of HSCs using a permanent magnet underneath. The counting and sorting of HSCs are performed by utilizing the cell counting and sorting modules. Experimental results show that a separation efficiency as high as 88% for HSCs from cord blood is achieved within 40 min for a sample volume of 100 mul. Therefore, the development of this integrated microfluidic system may be promising for various applications such as stem cell research and cell therapy.
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Gohring JT, Fan X. Label free detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using the optofluidic ring resonator. SENSORS 2010; 10:5798-808. [PMID: 22219687 PMCID: PMC3247732 DOI: 10.3390/s100605798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated label free detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Lymphocyte whole cells and CD4+ T-Lymphocyte cell lysis using the optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) sensor. The OFRR sensing platform incorporates microfluidics and photonics in a setup that utilizes small sample volume and achieves a fast detection time. In this work, white blood cells were isolated from healthy blood and the concentrations were adjusted to match T-Lymphocyte levels of individuals infected with HIV. Detection was accomplished by immobilizing CD4 and CD8 antibodies on the inner surface of the OFRR. Sensing results show excellent detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Lymphocyte cells at medically significant concentrations with a detection time of approximately 30 minutes. This work will lead to a rapid and low-cost sensing device that can provide a CD4 and CD8 count as a measure of HIV progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Gohring
- Department of Biological Engineering, 240D Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 East Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biological Engineering, 240D Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 East Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2158 Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Ave., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-734-763-1273; Fax: +1-734-647-4834
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Stybayeva G, Mudanyali O, Seo S, Silangcruz J, Macal M, Ramanculov E, Dandekar S, Erlinger A, Ozcan A, Revzin A. Lensfree holographic imaging of antibody microarrays for high-throughput detection of leukocyte numbers and function. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3736-44. [PMID: 20359168 PMCID: PMC2864520 DOI: 10.1021/ac100142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of leukocytes is an integral part of blood analysis and blood-based diagnostics. In the present paper, we combine lensless holographic imaging with antibody microarrays for rapid and multiparametric analysis of leukocytes from human blood. Monoclonal antibodies (Abs) specific for leukocyte surface antigens (CD4 and CD8) and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2) were printed in an array so as to juxtapose cell capture and cytokine detection antibody (Ab) spots. Integration of Ab microarrays into a microfluidic flow chamber (4 muL volume) followed by incubation with human blood resulted in capture of CD4 and CD8 T-cells on specific Ab spots. On-chip mitogenic activation of these cells induced release of cytokine molecules that were subsequently captured on neighboring anticytokine Ab spots. The binding of IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma molecules on their respective Ab spots was detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anticytokine Abs and a visible color reagent. Lensfree holographic imaging was then used to rapidly ( approximately 4 s) enumerate CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes captured on Ab spots and to quantify the cytokine signal emanating from IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma spots on the same chip. To demonstrate the utility of our approach for infectious disease monitoring, blood samples of healthy volunteers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were analyzed to determine the CD4/CD8 ratio, an important HIV/AIDS diagnostic marker. The ratio obtained by lensfree on-chip imaging of CD4 and CD8 T-cells captured on Ab spots was in close agreement with conventional microscopy-based cell counting. The present paper, describing tandem use of Ab microarrays and lensfree holographic imaging, paves the way for future development of miniature cytometry devices for multiparametric blood analysis at the point of care or in a resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Onur Mudanyali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sungkyu Seo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
- Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Korea
| | - Jaime Silangcruz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Monica Macal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis
| | - Erlan Ramanculov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis
| | - Anthony Erlinger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
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36
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Moon S, Keles HO, Kim YG, Kuritzkes D, Demirci U. Lensless imaging for point-of-care testing. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2009:6376-9. [PMID: 19964416 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We show a platform that merges a microfluidic chip with lensless imaging for CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counting at resource-limited settings. To capture CD4(+) T lymphocytes, anti-CD4 antibody was immobilized on a microfluidic chip. The captured cells were detected by a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor using lensless shadow imaging techniques. Gray scale shadow images of captured cells on the chip (24 mm x 4 mm x 50 mum) were enumerated in three seconds using an automatic cell counting software. The device achieved 70.2 +/- 6.5% capture efficiency, 88.8 +/- 5.4% capture specificity for CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, 96 +/- 1.6% CCD efficiency, and 83.5 +/- 2.4% overall platform performance (n = 9 devices). This integrated platform has potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) to rapidly capture, image and count specific cell types from unprocessed whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangJun Moon
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine Laboratory, Center for Bioengineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jiang X, Spencer MG. Electrochemical impedance biosensor with electrode pixels for precise counting of CD4+ cells: A microchip for quantitative diagnosis of HIV infection status of AIDS patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1622-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Holmes D, Morgan H. Single Cell Impedance Cytometry for Identification and Counting of CD4 T-Cells in Human Blood Using Impedance Labels. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1455-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902568p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Holmes
- School of Electronics and Computing Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Inflammation and Repair, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, U.K
| | - Hywel Morgan
- School of Electronics and Computing Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Inflammation and Repair, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, U.K
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Watkins N, Venkatesan BM, Toner M, Rodriguez W, Bashir R. A robust electrical microcytometer with 3-dimensional hydrofocusing. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:3177-84. [PMID: 19865723 PMCID: PMC4142320 DOI: 10.1039/b912214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a device to electrically count blood cell populations using an AC impedance interrogation technique in a microfabricated cytometer (microcytometer). Specifically, we direct our attention to obtaining the concentration of human CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells), which is a necessary method to diagnose patients for HIV/AIDS and to give an accurate prognosis on the effectiveness of ARV (anti-retroviral) drug treatments. We study the effectiveness of a simple-to-fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing mechanism through fluidic simulations and corresponding experiments to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of impedance pulses caused by particle translocation and ensure lower variance in particle translocation height through the electrical sensing region. We found that the optimal 3D sheath flow settings result in a 44.4% increase in impedance pulse signal-to-noise ratio in addition to giving a more accurate representation of particle size distribution. Our microcytometer T cell counts closely with those found using an industry-standard flow cytometer for the concentration range of over three orders of magnitude and using a sample volume approximately the size of a drop of blood (approximately 20 microL). In addition, our device displayed the capability to differentiate between live and dead/dying lymphocyte populations. This microcytometer can be the basis of a portable, rapid, inexpensive solution to obtaining live/dead blood cell counts even in the most resource-poor regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Watkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bala Murali Venkatesan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Surgical Services and Bio MEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shiners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William Rodriguez
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Moon S, Keles HO, Ozcan A, Khademhosseini A, Haeggstrom E, Kuritzkes D, Demirci U. Integrating microfluidics and lensless imaging for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3208-14. [PMID: 19467854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an integrated platform that merges a microfluidic chip with lensless imaging to target CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts for HIV point-of-care testing at resource-limited settings. The chips were designed and fabricated simply with a laser cutter without using expensive cleanroom equipment. To capture CD4(+) T-lymphocytes from blood, anti-CD4 antibody was immobilized on only one side of the microfluidic chip. These captured cells were detected through an optically clear chip using a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor by lensless shadow imaging techniques. Gray scale image of the captured cells in a 24 mm x 4 mm x 50 microm microfluidic chip was obtained by the lensless imaging platform. The automatic cell counting software enumerated the captured cells in 3s. Captured cells were also imaged with a fluorescence microscope and manually counted to characterize functionality of the integrated platform. The integrated platform achieved 70.2+/-6.5% capture efficiency, 88.8+/-5.4% capture specificity for CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, 96+/-1.6% CCD efficiency, and 83.5+/-2.4% overall platform performance (n=9 devices) compared to the gold standard, i.e. flow cytometry count. The integrated system gives a CD4 count from blood within 10 min. The integrated platform points a promising direction for point-of-care testing (POCT) to rapidly capture, image and count subpopulations of cells from blood samples in an automated matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Moon
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wu X, Chon CH, Wang YN, Kang Y, Li D. Simultaneous particle counting and detecting on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1943-9. [PMID: 18941697 DOI: 10.1039/b804319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a lab-on-a-chip device that performs particle detection and number counting by coupling the fluorescent detection and particle counting simultaneously. The particle number counting is realized by a resistive pulse sensor (RPS) and fluorescent particle detection is achieved by a miniaturized laser-fiber optic detection system. By using a single microfluidic channel with two detecting arm channels placed at the two ends of the sensing section, the RPS signal-to-noise ratio is improved significantly. Two-stage differential amplification is used to further increase the signal-to-noise ratio for both the RPS and fluorescent signals. This method is also highly sensitive, so that we were able to realize the RPS and fluorescent detection of 0.9 microm (mean diameter) fluorescent particles. Excellent agreement was achieved by comparing the results obtained by our system with the results from a commercial flow cytometer for a variety of samples of mixed fluorescent and non-fluorescent particles. The method described in this paper is simple and can be applied to develop a compact device without the need of lock-in amplifier or similar bulky supplemental equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Wu X, Kang Y, Wang YN, Xu D, Li D, Li D. Microfluidic differential resistive pulse sensors. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2754-9. [PMID: 18546175 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates an on-chip resistive pulse-sensing scheme with a design of symmetric mirror channels, which significantly reduces the noise and achieves better signal-to-noise ratio. Polystyrene particles of different sizes have been detected with the developed sensing scheme and a record low volume ratio of the particle to the sensing channel, or 0.0004%, has been detected with particles of 520 nm in diameter in a sensing aperture of 50x16x20 microm3. This volume ratio is about ten times lower than the lowest volume ratio reported in the literature including that specified for commercial Coulter counters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Thorslund S, Larsson R, Bergquist J, Nikolajeff F, Sanchez J. A PDMS-based disposable microfluidic sensor for CD4+ lymphocyte counting. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 10:851-857. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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