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Razi SS, Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Conjugated bis(enaminones) as effective templates for rotaxane assembly and their post-synthetic modifications. Commun Chem 2024; 7:170. [PMID: 39098851 PMCID: PMC11298525 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked compounds is currently considered a major challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Twofold vinylogous fumaramides, a class of conjugated bis(enaminones), successfully achieve the assembly of hydrogen-bonded amide-based rotaxanes, with a templating ability comparable to that of their parent fumaramide-based systems, showcasing full conversions and impressive yields up to 92%. Computational calculations offer a compelling explanation for the remarkable efficiency of these bis(enaminones) in driving the synthesis of unprecedented rotaxanes. The reactivity of these interlocked species was thoroughly investigated, revealing that a one-step double stopper-exchange process can be successfully performed while preserving the mechanical bond. This approach facilitates the formation of controllable rotaxanes, including a three-station molecular shuttle, whose assembly via a clipping methodology is highly unselective. The internal translational motion of this latter species has been successfully controlled in a reversible way by means of a cycloaddition/retrocycloaddition sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Razi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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2
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Sakata Y, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto M, Doken K, Kamezawa M, Yamaki S, Akine S. Non-threaded and rotaxane-type threaded wheel-axle assemblies consisting of dinickel(II) metallomacrocycle and dibenzylammonium axle. Commun Chem 2024; 7:166. [PMID: 39080496 PMCID: PMC11289445 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaxanes are typically prepared using covalent bonds to trap a wheel component onto an axle molecule, and rotaxane-type wheel-axle assembly using only noncovalent interactions has been far less explored. Here we show that a dinickel(II) metallomacrocycle forms two different types of wheel-axle assemblies with a dibenzylammonium axle molecule based only on noncovalent interactions. The non-threaded assembly was obtained by introduction of Ni2+ into the macrocycle before the complexation with the axle molecule (metal-first method). The non-threaded assembly was in rapid equilibrium with each of the components in solution. The threaded assembly was obtained by introduction of Ni2+ after the formation of a pseudorotaxane from the non-metalated wheel and the axle molecule (axle-first method). The threaded assembly was not in equilibrium with the dissociated species even though it was maintained only by noncovalent interactions. Thus, formation of one of the non-threaded and threaded wheel-axle assemblies over the other is governed by the assembly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Misato Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Doken
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mayu Kamezawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaki
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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3
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Long G, Deng Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Broer DJ, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photoresponsive Biomimetic Functions by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in Three Dimensionally Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13894-13902. [PMID: 38728606 PMCID: PMC11117400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fascinating developments in design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines operating at the nanoscales, translating molecular motion along multiple length scales and inducing mechanical motion of a three-dimensional macroscopic entity remains an important challenge. The key to addressing this amplification of motion relies on the effective organization of molecular machines in a well-defined environment. By taking advantage of long-range orientational order and hierarchical structures of liquid crystals and unidirectional rotation of light-driven molecular motors, we report here photoresponsive biomimetic functions of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) by the repetitive unidirectional rotation of molecular motors using 3D printing. Molecular motors were built in the main chain of liquid crystals oligomers to serve as photoactuators. The oligomers were then used as the ink, and liquid crystal elastomers with different morphologies were printed. The obtained LCEs are able to conduct multiple types of motions including bending, helical coiling, closing of petals, and flipping of wings of a butterfly upon UV illumination, which paves the way for future design of responsive materials with enhanced complex actuating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Slavova S, Antonov L. Theoretical Understanding of the Long-Range Proton Transfer Mechanism in 7-Hydroxy Quinoline-Based Molecular Switches: Varma's Proton Crane and Its Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1280-1287. [PMID: 38344984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the detailed mechanism of intramolecular proton transfer in molecular switches, constructed from 7-hydroxy quinoline substituted in the eight-position C-C single axle, connected to three different proton cranes (morpholine, piperidine, and 1,3,5-dioxazine), was investigated by means of theoretical chemistry. The theoretical interpretation of the rotational mechanism and its stable structures were proposed for the well-known Varma's proton crane, based on morpholine molecule. The reliability of the theoretical simulations was confirmed by the available literature data from time-dependent IR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Slavova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liudmil Antonov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Nandi M, Bej S, Jana T, Ghosh P. From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015500 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research on mechanically interlocked molecules has significantly evolved owing to their unique structural features and interesting properties. A substantial percentage of the reported works have focused on the synthetic strategies, leading to the preparation of functional MIMs for their applications in the chemical, materials, and biomedical sciences. Importantly, various macrocyclic wheels with specific heteroditopicity (including phenanthroline, amide, amine, oxy-ether, isophthalamide, calixarene and triazole) and threading axles (bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyridinium, triazolium, etc.) have been designed to synthesize targeted multifunctional mononuclear/multinuclear pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes and catenanes. The structural uniqueness of these interlocked systems is advantageous owing to the presence of mechanical bonds with specific three-dimensional cavities. Furthermore, their multi-functionalities and preorganised structural entities exhibit a high potential for versatile applications, like switching, shuttling, dynamic properties, recognition and sensing. In this feature article, we describe some of the most recent advances in the construction and chemical behaviour of a new generation of interlocked molecules, primarily focusing on heteroditopic wheels and their applications in different directions of the modern research area. Furthermore, we outline the future prospects and significant perspectives of the new generation heteroditopic wheel based interlocked molecules in different emerging areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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6
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Puigcerver J, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Modulating the shuttling motion of [2]rotaxanes built of p-xylylenediamine units through permethylation at the benzylic positions of the ring. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9070-9075. [PMID: 37938860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show the effect of the gem-dimethyl substitution at the four benzylic carbons of the ring on the internal dynamics of two-station [2]rotaxanes. Such structural modification of the polyamide macrocycles promotes a drastic change of the internal dynamics as shown by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments. We determined that the shuttling rates of the octamethylated macrocycle along a series of symmetrical threads were significantly faster compared to the non-substituted ring. This effect was particularly pronounced in the fumaramide-based system, in which the rate was 27 times faster than that of the model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Puigcerver
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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7
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Sheng J, Pooler DRS, Feringa BL. Enlightening dynamic functions in molecular systems by intrinsically chiral light-driven molecular motors. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5875-5891. [PMID: 37581608 PMCID: PMC10464662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property which plays a major role in chemistry, physics, biological systems and materials science. Chiroptical artificial molecular motors (AMMs) are a class of molecules which can convert light energy input into mechanical work, and they hold great potential in the transformation from simple molecules to dynamic systems and responsive materials. Taking distinct advantages of the intrinsic chirality in these structures and the unique opportunity to modulate the chirality on demand, chiral AMMs have been designed for the development of light-responsive dynamic processes including switchable asymmetric catalysis, chiral self-assembly, stereoselective recognition, transmission of chirality, control of spin selectivity and biosystems as well as integration of unidirectional motion with specific mechanical functions. This review focuses on the recently developed strategies for chirality-led applications by the class of intrinsically chiral AMMs. Finally, some limitations in current design and challenges associated with recent systems are discussed and perspectives towards promising candidates for responsive and smart molecular systems and future applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Lin R, Liu J, Xu W, Liu Z, He X, Zheng C, Kang M, Li X, Zhang Z, Feng HT, Lam JWY, Wang D, Chen M, Tang BZ. Type I Photosensitization with Strong Hydroxyl Radical Generation in NIR Dye Boosted by Vigorous Intramolecular Motions for Synergistic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303212. [PMID: 37232045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Development of type I photosensitizers (PSs) with strong hydroxyl radical (· OH) formation is particularly important in the anaerobic tumor treatment. On the other hand, it is challenging to obtain an efficient solid-state intramolecular motion to promote the development of molecular machine and molecular motor. However, the relationship between them is never revealed. In this work, a pyrazine-based near-infrared type I PS with remarkable donor-acceptor effect is developed. Notably, the intramolecular motions are almost maximized by the combination of intramolecular and intermolecular engineering to simultaneously introduce the unlimited bond stretching vibration and boost the group rotation. The photothermal conversion caused by the intramolecular motions is realized with efficiency as high as 86.8%. The D-A conformation of PS can also induce a very small singlet-triplet splitting of 0.07 eV, which is crucial to promote the intersystem crossing for the triplet sensitization. Interestingly, its photosensitization is closely related to the intramolecular motions, and a vigorous motion may give rise to a strong · OH generation. In view of its excellent photosensitization and photothermal behavior, the biocompatible PS exhibits a superior imaging-guided cancer synergistic therapy. This work stimulates the development of advanced PS for the biomedical application and solid-state intramolecular motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zicheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiang He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Canze Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xue Li
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hai-Tao Feng
- AIE Research Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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9
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Sørensen J, Hansen EL, Larsen D, Elmquist MA, Buchleithner A, Florean L, Beeren SR. Light-controlled enzymatic synthesis of γ-CD using a recyclable azobenzene template. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7725-7732. [PMID: 37476725 PMCID: PMC10355107 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are important molecular hosts for hydrophobic guests in water and extensively employed in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries to encapsulate drugs, flavours and aromas. Compared with α- and β-CD, the wide-scale use of γ-CD is currently limited due to costly production processes. We show how the yield of γ-CD in the enzymatic synthesis of CDs can be increased 5-fold by adding a tetra-ortho-isopropoxy-substituted azobenzene template irradiated at 625 nm (to obtain the cis-(Z)-isomer) to direct the synthesis. Following the enzymatic reaction, the template can then be readily recovered from the product mixture for use in subsequent reaction cycles. Heating induces thermal cis-(Z) to trans-(E) relaxation and consequent dissociation from γ-CD whereupon the template can then be precipitated by acidification. For this study we designed and synthesised a set of three water-soluble azobenzene templates with different ortho-substituents and characterised their photoswitching behaviour using UV/vis and NMR spectroscopy. The templates were tested in cyclodextrin glucanotransferase-mediated dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) of cyclodextrins while irradiating at different wavelengths to control the cis/trans ratios. To rationalise the behaviour of the DCLs, NMR titrations were carried out to investigate the binding interactions between α-, β- and γ-CD and the cis and trans isomers of each template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Emilie Ljungberg Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Dennis Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Mathias Albert Elmquist
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Andreas Buchleithner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Luca Florean
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Sophie R Beeren
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Building 207 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
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10
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Wang C, Sun Y, Huang S, Wei Z, Tan J, Wu C, Chen Q, Zhang X. Self-Immolative Photosensitizers for Self-Reported Cancer Phototheranostics. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216494 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers to precise target and change fluorescence upon light illumination could accurately self-report where and when the photosensitizers work, enabling us to visualize the therapeutic process and precisely regulate treatment outcomes, which is the unremitting pursuit of precision and personalized medicine. Here, we report self-immolative photosensitizers by adopting a strategy of light-manipulated oxidative cleavage of C═C bonds that can generate a burst of reactive oxygen species, to cleave to release self-reported red-emitting products and trigger nonapoptotic cell oncosis. Strong electron-withdrawing groups are found to effectively suppress the C═C bond cleavage and phototoxicity via studying the structure-activity relationship, allowing us to elaborate NG1-NG5 that could temporarily inactivate the photosensitizer and quench the fluorescence by different glutathione (GSH)-responsive groups. Thereinto, NG2 with 2-cyano-4-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl group displays excellent GSH responsiveness than the other four. Surprisingly, NG2 shows better reactivity with GSH in weakly acidic condition, which inspires the application in weakly acidic tumor microenvironment where GSH elevates. To this end, we further synthesize NG-cRGD by anchoring integrin αvβ3 binding cyclic pentapeptide (cRGD) for tumor targeting. In A549 xenografted tumor mice, NG-cRGD successfully deprotects to restore near-infrared fluorescence because of elevated GSH in tumor site, which is subsequently cleaved upon light irradiation releasing red-emitting products to report photosensitizer working, while effectively ablating tumors via triggered oncosis. The advanced self-immolative organic photosensitizer may accelerate the development of self-reported phototheranostics in future precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yongjie Sun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Shaojuan Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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11
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Liu L, Fang WH, Martinez TJ. A Nitrogen Out-of-Plane (NOOP) Mechanism for Imine-Based Light-Driven Molecular Motors. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6888-6898. [PMID: 36920260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven molecular motors have generated considerable interest due to their potential applications in material and biological systems. Recently, Greb and Lehn reported a new class of molecular motors, chiral N-alkyl imines, which undergo unidirectional rotation induced by light and heat. The mechanism of unidirectional motion in molecular motors containing a C═N group has been assumed to consist of photoinduced torsion about the double bond. In this work, we present a computational study of the photoisomerization dynamics of a chiral N-alkyl imine motor. We find that the location and energetics of minimal energy conical intersections (MECIs) alone are insufficient to understand the mechanism of the motor. Furthermore, a key part of the mechanism consists of out-of-plane distortions of the N atom (followed by isomerization about the double bond). Dynamic effects and out-of-plane distortions are critical to understand the observed (rather low) quantum yield for photoisomerization. Our results provide hints as to how the photoisomerization quantum yield might be increased, improving the efficiency of this class of molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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12
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Jana G, Mendoza-Cortes JL. Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Optical Properties of Rotaxane: A First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2671-2687. [PMID: 36921095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Through molecular mechanics using the force field along with the quantum dynamical aspect of mechanically interlocked compounds, rotaxanes (defined as macromolecular rings that are threaded on a dumbbell-shaped axle molecule) are investigated with advanced quantum mechanical methods, including the atom-centered density matrix propagation simulation technique, at different temperatures like 300, 500, 700, 900, 2000, and 2500 K for 1.2 ps. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation is carried out. In addition to, we investigate the noncovalent interaction present in the rotaxane compound 2R-D-2PF6 with the help of reduced density gradient, average reduced density gradient, density overlap region indicator, and interaction region indicator as well as Hirshfeld surface analyses. Furthermore, the stability of 2R-D-2PF6 at room temperature and higher temperatures is elucidated by analyzing the thermal fluctuation index through a dynamic process. In order to check the optical behavior of our selected rotaxane compound, an evaluation of the electronic dipole moment, static and frequency-dependent average polarizability, and first- and second-order hyperpolarizability is carried out. The rotaxane compound shows very promising linear and nonlinear optical responses, which indicates its utility as a very good optical material. The calculation of the time-dependent density-functional theory highlights the broad absorption band of rotaxane spanning the UV-visible domain. Therefore, we also unravel that this can tap into solar radiation or harnessing of solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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13
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Roy P, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Meech SR. Ultrafast motion in a third generation photomolecular motor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1253. [PMID: 36878920 PMCID: PMC9988961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling molecular translation at the nanoscale is a key objective for development of synthetic molecular machines. Recently developed third generation photochemically driven molecular motors (3GMs), comprising pairs of overcrowded alkenes capable of cooperative unidirectional rotation offer the possibility of converting light energy into translational motion. Further development of 3GMs demands detailed understanding of their excited state dynamics. Here we use time-resolved absorption and emission to track population and coherence dynamics in a 3GM. Femtosecond stimulated Raman reveals real-time structural dynamics as the excited state evolves from a Franck-Condon bright-state through weakly-emissive dark-state to the metastable product, yielding new insight into the reaction coordinate. Solvent polarity modifies the photoconversion efficiency suggesting charge transfer character in the dark-state. The enhanced quantum yield correlates with suppression of a low-frequency flapping motion in the excited state. This detailed characterization facilitates development of 3GMs, suggesting exploitation of medium and substituent effects to modulate motor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.,School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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14
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Sakata Y, Nakamura R, Hibi T, Akine S. Speed Tuning of the Formation/Dissociation of a Metallorotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217048. [PMID: 36628483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Switching between the formation/dissociation of rotaxanes is important to control the function of various types of rotaxane-based materials. We have developed a convenient and simple strategy, the so-called "accelerator addition", to make a static rotaxane dynamic without apparently affecting the chemical structure. As an interlocked molecule that enables tuning of the formation/dissociation speed, a metallorotaxane was quantitatively generated by the complexation of a triptycene-based dumbbell-shaped mononuclear complex, [PdL2 ]2+ (L=2,3-diaminotriptycene), with 27C9. As a result of the inertness of the Pd2+ -based coordination structure, the metallorotaxane was slowly formed (the static state). This rotaxane formation was accelerated 27 times simply by adding Br- as an accelerator (the dynamic state). A similar drastic acceleration was also demonstrated during the dissociation process when Cs+ was added to the metallorotaxane to form the free axle [PdL2 ]2+ and the 27C9-Cs+ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hibi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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15
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He L, Zhang T, Zhu C, Yan T, Liu J. Crown Ether-Based Ion Transporters in Bilayer Membranes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300044. [PMID: 36723493 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer membranes that enhance the stability of the cell are essential for cell survival, separating and protecting the interior of the cell from its external environment. Membrane-based channel proteins are crucial for sustaining cellular activities. However, dysfunction of these proteins would induce serial channelopathies, which could be substituted by artificial ion channel analogs. Crown ethers (CEs) are widely studied in the area of artificial ion channels owing to their intrinsic host-guest interaction with different kinds of organic and inorganic ions. Other advantages such as lower price, chemical stability, and easier modification also make CE a research hotspot in the field of synthetic transmembrane nanopores. And numerous CEs-based membrane-active synthetic ion channels were designed and fabricated in the past decades. Herein, the recent progress of CEs-based synthetic ion transporters has been comprehensively summarized in this review, including their design principles, functional mechanisms, controllable properties, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, this review has been concluded by discussing the future opportunities and challenges facing this research field. It is anticipated that this review could offer some inspiration for the future fabrication of novel CEs-derived ion transporters with more advanced structures, properties, and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Canhong Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Yan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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16
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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17
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Zhou JL, Li YH, Zhang YM, Chen L, Liu Y. Enhanced molecular binding affinity toward aromatic dications by anthracene-derived crown ethers in water. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:107-114. [PMID: 36484413 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of high molecular binding affinity using conventional crown ethers in water remains a challenging task in the field of supramolecular chemistry and may hold great promise in the creation of advanced biocompatible nanoconstructs. In this work, the molecular binding strength toward a series of structurally relevant cationic guests has been greatly enhanced by tetrasulfonated 1,5-dianthracenyl-42-crown-10 and as investigated by means of 1H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, the host-guest association constants can reach up to 108 M-1 order of magnitude in aqueous solution. X-ray crystal diffraction analysis further demonstrates that the aromatic dication can be tightly encapsulated in the ring of anthracene-derived crown ether via multiple π-stacking and electrostatic interactions. Meanwhile, the obtained association constants are remarkably higher than the ones in the cases of the known benzene- and naphthalene-derived sulfonated crown ethers, substantiating that the appropriate extension of π-conjugation in the molecular skeleton of crown ether is a feasible method in attaining a highly affiliative host-guest complex. Taken together, our results indicate that the anthracene-based sulfonated crown ether can be developed as a new family of water-soluble macrocyclic receptors in the fabrication of functional nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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18
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Towards the engineering of a photon-only two-stroke rotary molecular motor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6433. [PMID: 36307476 PMCID: PMC9616945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational engineering of photoresponsive materials, e.g., light-driven molecular motors, is a challenging task. Here, we use structure-related design rules to prepare a prototype molecular rotary motor capable of completing an entire revolution using, exclusively, the sequential absorption of two photons; i.e., a photon-only two-stroke motor. The mechanism of rotation is then characterised using a combination of non-adiabatic dynamics simulations and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements. The results show that the rotor moiety rotates axially relative to the stator and produces, within a few picoseconds at ambient T, an intermediate with the same helicity as the starting structure. We discuss how such properties, that include a 0.25 quantum efficiency, can help overcome the operational limitations of the classical overcrowded alkene designs.
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19
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Bioderived, chiral and stable 1-dimensional light-responsive nanostructures: Interconversion between tubules and twisted ribbons. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:723-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Zou J, Fang Y, Shen Y, Xia Y, Wang K, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Piezochromic Tetracoordinate Boron Complex: Blue‐Shifted and Enhanced Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207426. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Zou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road No.688 Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road No.688 Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road No.688 Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road No.688 Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
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21
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Bej S, Nandi M, Ghosh P. Development of fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxane: selective sensing of Zn(II). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7284-7293. [PMID: 36052954 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes {NiPR1(ClO4)2-NiPR3(ClO4)2} are synthesized by utilizing newly designed fluorophoric bidentate ligands (L1-L3) and a heteroditopic naphthalene containing macrocycle (NaphMC) with high yields via Ni(II) templation and π-π stacking interactions. Subsequently, a fluorophoric [2]rotaxane (NAPRTX) is established through a Cu(I) catalysed click reaction between an azide terminated pseudorotaxane, {NiPR4(ClO4)2}, which contains the newly designed fluorophoric ligand L4, and alkyne terminated bulky stopper units. All these fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and the [2]rotaxane were characterized using numerous techniques such as mass spectrometry, NMR, UV/Vis, PL, and elemental analysis, wherever applicable. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of the fluorophoric moieties, the coordinating ability of chelating units, and size and shape of the three dimensional cavity generated by the mechanical bond in the interlocked [2]rotaxane (NAPRTX), we have performed a sensing study of various metal ions. Thus, the interlocked [2]rotaxane is found to have potential as a selective fluorescent sensor for Zn(II) metal ions over other transition, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, where the 2,2'-bipyridyl arylvinylene moiety of the axle acts as a fluorescence signalling unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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22
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Zou J, Fang Y, Shen Y, Xia Y, Wang K, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Piezochromic Tetracoordinate Boron Complex: Blue‐Shifted and Enhanced Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Zou
- Zhejiang Normal University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials CHINA
| | - Yunxia Shen
- Zhejiang Normal University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yang Xia
- Zhejiang Normal University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kai Wang
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials CHINA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Zhejiang Normal University Department of Chemistry Yingbin Road No.688 321004 Jinhua CHINA
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23
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Li X, Xie J, Du Z, Jiang L, Li G, Ling S, Zhu K. Docking rings in a solid: reversible assembling of pseudorotaxanes inside a zirconium metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6291-6296. [PMID: 35733896 PMCID: PMC9159108 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented zirconium metal–organic framework featuring a T-shaped benzimidazole strut was constructed and employed as a sponge-like material for selective absorption of macrocyclic guests. The neutral benzimidazole domain of the as-synthesized framework can be readily protonated and fully converted to benzimidazolium. Mechanical threading of [24]crown-8 ether wheels onto recognition sites to form pseudorotaxanes was evidenced by solution nuclear magnetic resonance, solid-state fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. Selective absorption of [24]crown-8 ether rather than its dibenzo counterpart was also observed. Further study reveals that this binding process is reversible and acid–base switchable. The success of docking macrocyclic guests in crystals via host–guest interactions provides an alternative route to complex functional materials with interpenetrated structures. A T-shaped ligand was designed as struts for building a zirconium metal–organic framework. Acid–base switchable docking and releasing a 24-membered crown ether inside crystals was successfully accomplished via post-synthetic modification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Long Jiang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Guangqin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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24
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Lee IS, Min SK. Generalized Formulation of the Density Functional Tight Binding-Based Restricted Ensemble Kohn-Sham Method with Onsite Correction to Long-Range Correction. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3391-3409. [PMID: 35549266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a generalized formulation for the combination of the density functional tight binding (DFTB) approach and the state-interaction state-average spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham (SI-SA-REKS or SSR) method by considering onsite correction (OC) as well as the long-range corrected (LC) functional. The OC contribution provides more accurate energies and analytic gradients for individual microstates, while the multireference character of the SSR provides the correct description for conical intersections. We benchmark the LC-OC-DFTB/SSR method against various DFTB calculation methods for excitation energies and conical intersection structures with π/π* or n/π* characters. Furthermore, we perform excited-state molecular dynamics simulations with a molecular rotary motor with variations of LC-OC-DFTB/SSR approaches. We show that the OC contribution to the LC functional is crucial to obtain the correct geometry of conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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25
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Dekhtyar ML. Brownian Photomotors Based on Organic Compounds: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-022-09726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Hou J, Long G, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Feringa BL, Chen J. Phototriggered Complex Motion by Programmable Construction of Light-Driven Molecular Motors in Liquid Crystal Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6851-6860. [PMID: 35380815 PMCID: PMC9026258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recent developments
in artificial molecular machines have enabled
precisely controlled molecular motion, which allows several distinct
mechanical operations at the nanoscale. However, harnessing and amplifying
molecular motion along multiple length scales to induce macroscopic
motion are still major challenges and comprise an important next step
toward future actuators and soft robotics. The key to addressing this
challenge relies on effective integration of synthetic molecular machines
in a hierarchically aligned structure so numerous individual molecular
motions can be collected in a cooperative way and amplified to higher
length scales and eventually lead to macroscopic motion. Here, we
report the complex motion of liquid crystal networks embedded with
molecular motors triggered by single-wavelength illumination. By design,
both racemic and enantiomerically pure molecular motors are programmably
integrated into liquid crystal networks with a defined orientation.
The motors have multiple functions acting as cross-linkers, actuators,
and chiral dopants inside the network. The collective rotary motion
of motors resulted in multiple types of motion of the polymeric film,
including bending, wavy motion, fast unidirectional movement on surfaces,
and synchronized helical motion with different handedness, paving
the way for the future design of responsive materials with enhanced
complex functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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27
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Li K, Wu J, Guo F, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang L. Sliding dynamics of ring on a fixed rod-like block copolymer in rotaxane: Molecular dynamics simulations vs Lifson-Jackson formula. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Yao B, Sun H, Yang L, Wang S, Liu X. Recent Progress in Light-Driven Molecular Shuttles. Front Chem 2022; 9:832735. [PMID: 35186899 PMCID: PMC8847434 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.832735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular shuttles are typical molecular machines that could be applied in various fields. The motion modes of wheel components in rotaxanes could be strategically modulated by external stimuli, such as pH, ions, solvent, light, and so on. Light is particularly attractive because it is harmless and can be operated in a remote mode and usually no byproducts are formed. Over the past decade, many examples of light-driven molecular shuttles are emerging. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent research progress of light-driven molecular shuttles. First, the light-driven mechanisms of molecular motions with different functional groups are discussed in detail, which show how to drive photoresponsive or non-photoresponsive molecular shuttles. Subsequently, the practical applications of molecular shuttles in different fields, such as optical information storage, catalysis for organic reactions, drug delivery, and so on, are demonstrated. Finally, the future development of light-driven molecular shuttle is briefly prospected.
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29
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Jeong M, Park J, Seo Y, Lee KJ, Pramanik S, Ahn S, Kwon S. Hydrazone Photoswitches for Structural Modulation of Short Peptides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103972. [PMID: 34962683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that undergo light-driven structural transformations constitute the core components in photoswitchable molecular systems and materials. Among various families of photoswitches, photochromic hydrazones have recently emerged as a novel class of photoswitches with superb properties, such as high photochemical conversion, spectral tunability, thermal stability, and fatigue resistance. Hydrazone photoswitches have been adopted in various adaptive materials at different length scales, however, their utilization for modulating biomolecules still has not been explored. Herein we present new hydrazone switches that can photomodulate the structures of short peptides. Systematic investigation on a set of hydrazone derivatives revealed that installation of the amide group does not significantly alter the photoswitching behaviors. Importantly, a hydrazone switch comprising an upper phenyl ring and a lower quinolinyl ring was effective for structural control of peptides. We anticipate that this work, as a new milestone in the research of hydrazone switches, will open a new avenue for structural and functional control of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yejin Seo
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Kwon Jung Lee
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Chung-Ang University, Chemistry, 84 Heukseok-ro, Bldg106 Rm401-2, 06974, Seoul, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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30
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Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Weinreb Amide, Ketone and Amine as Potential and Competitive Secondary Molecular Stations for Dibenzo-[24]Crown-8 in [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles. Chemistry 2021; 27:17576-17580. [PMID: 34738683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and study of new pH-sensitive DB24C8-based [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles that contain within their axle four potential sites of interaction for the DB24C8: ammonium, amine, Weinreb amide, and ketone. In the protonated state, the DB24C8 lay around the best ammonium site. After either deprotonation or deprotonation-then-carbamoylation of the ammonium, different localizations of the DB24C8 were seen, depending on both the number and nature of the secondary stations and steric restriction. Unexpectedly, the results indicated that the Weinreb amide was not a proper secondary molecular station for the DB24C8. Nevertheless, through its methoxy side chain, it slowed down the shuttling of the macrocycle along the threaded axle, thereby partitioning the [2]rotaxane into two translational isomers on the NMR timescale. The ketone was successfully used as a secondary molecular station, and its weak affinity for the DB24C8 was similar to that of a secondary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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31
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Seco A, Yu S, Tron A, McClenaghan ND, Pina F, Jorge Parola A, Basílio N. Light- and pH-regulated Water-soluble Pseudorotaxanes Comprising a Cucurbit[7]uril and a Flavylium-based Axle. Chemistry 2021; 27:16512-16522. [PMID: 34632666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A linear double pyridinium-terminated thread comprising a central chalcone moiety is shown to provide two independent binding sites with similar affinity for cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) macrocycles in water as judged from NMR, UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Association results in [2] and [3]pseudorotaxanes, which are both pH and photosensitive. Switching from the neutral chalcone to the cationic flavylium form upon irradiation at 365 nm under acidic conditions provided an enhanced CB7 association (K1:1 increases from 1.2×105 M-1 to 1.5×108 M-1 ), limiting spontaneous on-thread cucurbituril shuttling. This co-conformational change in the [2]pseudorotaxane is reversible in the dark with kobs =4.1×10-4 s-1 . Threading the flavylium moiety into CB7 leads to a dramatic increase in the fluorescence quantum yield, from 0.29 in the free axle to 0.97 in the [2]pseudorotaxane and 1.0 in the [3]pseudorotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Seco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Shilin Yu
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Arnaud Tron
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Nathan D McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Fernando Pina
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Jorge Parola
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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32
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Pooler DRS, Lubbe AS, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Designing light-driven rotary molecular motors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14964-14986. [PMID: 34909140 PMCID: PMC8612399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce and amplify motion at the molecular scale has seen tremendous progress ranging from simple molecular rotors to responsive materials. In the two decades since the discovery of light-driven rotary molecular motors, the development of these molecules has been extensive; moving from the realm of molecular chemistry to integration into dynamic molecular systems. They have been identified as actuators holding great potential to precisely control the dynamics of nanoscale devices, but integrating molecular motors effectively into evermore complex artificial molecular machinery is not trivial. Maximising efficiency without compromising function requires conscious and judicious selection of the structures used. In this perspective, we focus on the key aspects of motor design and discuss how to manipulate these properties without impeding motor integrity. Herein, we describe these principles in the context of molecular rotary motors featuring a central double bond axle and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of each design, providing a comprehensive evaluation of all artificial light-driven rotary motor scaffolds currently present in the literature. Based on this discussion, we will explore the trajectory of research into the field of molecular motors in the coming years, including challenges to be addressed, potential applications, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anouk S Lubbe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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33
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Crespi S, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Doria S, Stindt CN, Hilbers MF, Kiss FL, Toyoda R, Wesseling S, Buma WJ, Feringa BL, Szymański W. Phenylimino Indolinone: A Green-Light-Responsive T-Type Photoswitch Exhibiting Negative Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25290-25295. [PMID: 34609785 PMCID: PMC9298291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Imines are photoaddressable motifs useful in the development of new generations of molecular switches, but their operation with low‐energy photons and control over isomer stability remain challenging. Based on a computational design, we developed phenylimino indolinone (PIO), a green‐light‐addressable T‐type photoswitch showing negative photochromism. The isomerization behavior of this photoactuator of the iminothioindoxyl (ITI) class was studied using time‐resolved spectroscopies on time scales from femtoseconds to the steady state and by quantum‐chemical analyses. The understanding of the isomerization properties and substituent effects governing these photoswitches opens new avenues for the development of novel T‐type visible‐light‐addressable photoactuators based on C=N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra Doria
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand L Kiss
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sammo Wesseling
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Crespi S, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Doria S, Stindt CN, Hilbers MF, Kiss FL, Toyoda R, Wesseling S, Buma WJ, Feringa BL, Szymański W. Phenylimino Indolinone: A Green‐Light‐Responsive T‐Type Photoswitch Exhibiting Negative Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Sandra Doria
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F. Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand L. Kiss
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 81377 München Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sammo Wesseling
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
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35
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Gao S, Gisbert Y, Erbland G, Abid S, Kammerer C, Venturini A, Rapenne G, Ventura B, Armaroli N. Photophysical properties of 1,2,3,4,5-pentaarylcyclopentadienyl-hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17049-17056. [PMID: 34346431 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02261j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of heteroleptic rotor-like Ru(ii) complexes containing both a cyclopentadienyl-type ligand and a hydrotris(indazolyl)borate chelating unit with a piano stool structure (Ar5L1-Ru-S1 and L3-Ru-S1) and their corresponding subunits have been investigated. The complexes show peculiar absorption features when compared with their related ligands or fragments. L3-Ru-S1 was found to be non-emissive, while Ar5L1-Ru-S1 showed a weak emission with a quantum yield of 0.27%. With the help of DFT calculations, we demonstrate that the new absorption features can be attributed to ruthenium-based charge transfer transitions which involve the π* orbitals of the phenyl substituents of the cyclopentadienyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISOF), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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36
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Zhang L, Lin YJ, Li ZH, Fraser Stoddart J, Jin GX. Coordination-Driven Selective Formation of D 2 Symmetric Octanuclear Organometallic Cages. Chemistry 2021; 27:9524-9528. [PMID: 33882176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coordination-driven self-assembly of organometallic half-sandwich iridium(III)- and rhodium(III)-based building blocks with asymmetric ambidentate pyridyl-carboxylate ligands is described. Despite the potential for obtaining a statistical mixture of multiple products, D2 symmetric octanuclear cages were formed selectively by taking advantage of the electronic effects emanating from the two types of chelating sites - (O,O') and (N,N') - on the tetranuclear building blocks. The metal sources and the lengths of bridging ligands influence the selectivity of the self-assembly. Experimental observations, supported by computational studies, suggest that the D2 symmetric cages are the thermodynamically favored products. Overall, the results underline the importance of electronic effects on the selectivity of coordination-driven self-assembly, and demonstrate that asymmetric ambidentate ligands can be used to control the design of discrete supramolecular coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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37
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Abstract
The ab initio determination of electronic excited state (ES) properties is the cornerstone of theoretical photochemistry. Yet, traditional ES methods become impractical when applied to fairly large molecules, or when used on thousands of systems. Machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated their accuracy at retrieving ES properties of large molecular databases at a reduced computational cost. For these applications, nonlinear algorithms tend to be specialized in targeting individual properties. Learning fundamental quantum objects potentially represents a more efficient, yet complex, alternative as a variety of molecular properties could be extracted through postprocessing. Herein, we report a general framework able to learn three fundamental objects: the hole and particle densities, as well as the transition density. We demonstrate the advantages of targeting those outputs and apply our predictions to obtain properties, including the state character and the exciton topological descriptors, for the two bands (nπ* and ππ*) of 3427 azoheteroarene photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia R Briling
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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38
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Han H, Sha J, Liu C, Wang Y, Dong C, Li M, Jiao T. Polyoxometalate-based catenane as sensing material for electrochemical detection of dopamine. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1944120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Han
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
| | - Jingquan Sha
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyao Dong
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
| | - Tiying Jiao
- The Talent Culturing Plan for Leading Disciplines of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Shandong, China
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39
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Wang C, Wang S, Yang H, Xiang Y, Wang X, Bao C, Zhu L, Tian H, Qu D. A Light‐Operated Molecular Cable Car for Gated Ion Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shunkang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huiting Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yanxin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Da‐Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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40
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Wang C, Wang S, Yang H, Xiang Y, Wang X, Bao C, Zhu L, Tian H, Qu DH. A Light-Operated Molecular Cable Car for Gated Ion Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14836-14840. [PMID: 33843130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the nontrivial and controlled movements of molecular machines, we report an azobenzene-based molecular shuttle PR2, which can perform light-gated ion transport across lipid membranes. The amphiphilicity and membrane-spanning molecular length enable PR2 to insert into the bilayer membrane and efficiently transport K+ (EC50 =4.1 μm) through the thermally driven stochastic shuttle motion of the crown ether ring along the axle. The significant difference in shuttling rate between trans-PR2 and cis-PR2 induced by molecular isomerization enables a light-gated ion transport, i.e., ON/OFF in situ regulation of transport activity and single-channel current. This work represents an example of using a photoswitchable molecular machine to realize gated ion transport, which demonstrates the value of molecular machines functioning in biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shunkang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huiting Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanxin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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41
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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42
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Chen S, Costil R, Leung FK, Feringa BL. Self-Assembly of Photoresponsive Molecular Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11604-11627. [PMID: 32936521 PMCID: PMC8248021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic molecules, comprising hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties and the intrinsic propensity to self-assemble in aqueous environment, sustain a fascinating spectrum of structures and functions ranging from biological membranes to ordinary soap. Facing the challenge to design responsive, adaptive, and out-of-equilibrium systems in water, the incorporation of photoresponsive motifs in amphiphilic molecular structures offers ample opportunity to design supramolecular systems that enables functional responses in water in a non-invasive way using light. Here, we discuss the design of photoresponsive molecular amphiphiles, their self-assembled structures in aqueous media and at air-water interfaces, and various approaches to arrive at adaptive and dynamic functions in isotropic and anisotropic systems, including motion at the air-water interface, foam formation, reversible nanoscale assembly, and artificial muscle function. Controlling the delicate interplay of structural design, self-assembling conditions and external stimuli, these responsive amphiphiles open several avenues towards application such as soft adaptive materials, controlled delivery or soft actuators, bridging a gap between artificial and natural dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Chen
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenNetherlands
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenNetherlands
| | - Franco King‐Chi Leung
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenNetherlands
- Present address: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenNetherlands
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43
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Jiménez JR, Doistau B, Poncet M, Piguet C. Heteroleptic trivalent chromium in coordination chemistry: Novel building blocks for addressing old challenges in multimetallic luminescent complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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44
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Pooler DRS, Pierron R, Crespi S, Costil R, Pfeifer L, Léonard J, Olivucci M, Feringa BL. Effect of charge-transfer enhancement on the efficiency and rotary mechanism of an oxindole-based molecular motor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7486-7497. [PMID: 34163839 PMCID: PMC8171491 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Harvesting energy and converting it into mechanical motion forms the basis for both natural and artificial molecular motors. Overcrowded alkene-based light-driven rotary motors are powered through sequential photochemical and thermal steps. The thermal helix inversion steps are well characterised and can be manipulated through adjustment of the chemical structure, however, the insights into the photochemical isomerisation steps still remain elusive. Here we report a novel oxindole-based molecular motor featuring pronounced electronic push-pull character and a four-fold increase of the photoisomerization quantum yield in comparison to previous motors of its class. A multidisciplinary approach including synthesis, steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopies, and electronic structure modelling was implemented to elucidate the excited state dynamics and rotary mechanism. We conclude that the charge-transfer character of the excited state diminishes the degree of pyramidalisation at the alkene bond during isomerisation, such that the rotational properties of this oxindole-based motor stand in between the precessional motion of fluorene-based molecular motors and the axial motion of biomimetic photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Robin Pierron
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 F-67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 F-67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena 53100 Siena Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403 USA
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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45
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Zhang YS, Ma CL, Rudyak VY, Jiang SA, Shvetsov SA, Lin JD, Lee CR. Thermal and optical manipulation of morphology in cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplets constrained on microfibers. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Takada K, Yasaki K, Rawat S, Okeyoshi K, Kumar A, Murata H, Kaneko T. Photoexpansion of Biobased Polyesters: Mechanism Analysis by Time-Resolved Measurements of an Amorphous Polycinnamate Hard Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14569-14576. [PMID: 33724775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamate-based polyesters were synthesized, including poly(4-hydroxycinnamic acid), poly(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), poly(3-hydroxycinnamic acid) (P3HCA), and hyperbranched poly(3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) (PdHCA). These materials were further processed into hard and dry membranes by casting and underwent photoreactions by ultraviolet (UV) light. The photodeformation behavior of the linear and hyperbranched polyester containing membranes with cinnamate derivatives in the main chain was observed macroscopically and microscopically. The PdHCA and P3HCA membranes were amorphous and exhibited photodeformations. The PdHCA surface visibly contracts, which is a typically observed phenomenon in photoresponsive polymers; however, the P3HCA surface showed a unique photoexpansion behavior. Time-resolution infrared spectroscopy of the P3HCA film revealed trans-to-cis isomerism in the polymer main chains that bent convexly as a result of photoexpansion of the UV-irradiated regions. Furthermore, photomasking created a micropattern on the P3HCA film, which supported the photoexpansion mechanism of the P3HCA film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Yasaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
| | - Sakshi Rawat
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okeyoshi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
- University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, South Moti Bagh, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Hideyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
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47
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Larik FA, Fillbrook LL, Nurttila SS, Martin AD, Kuchel RP, Al Taief K, Bhadbhade M, Beves JE, Thordarson P. Ultra-Low Molecular Weight Photoswitchable Hydrogelators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6764-6770. [PMID: 33295683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two photoswitchable arylazopyrozoles form hydrogels at a concentration of 1.2 % (w/v). With a molecular weight of 258.28 g mol-1 , these are the lowest known molecular weight hydrogelators that respond reversibly to light. Photoswitching of the E- to the Z-form by exposure to 365 nm light results in a macroscopic gel→sol transition; nearly an order of magnitude reduction in the measured elastic and loss moduli. In the case of the meta-arylazopyrozole, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy suggests that the 29±7 nm wide sheets in the E-gel state narrow to 13±2 nm upon photoswitching to the predominantly Z-solution state. Photoswitching for meta-arylazopyrozole is reversible through cycles of 365 nm and 520 nm excitation with little fatigue. The release of a rhodamine B dye encapsulated in gels formed by the arylazopyrozoles is accelerated more than 20-fold upon photoswitching with 365 nm light, demonstrating these materials are suitable for light-controlled cargo release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ali Larik
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lucy L Fillbrook
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra S Nurttila
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adam D Martin
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karrar Al Taief
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Solid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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48
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Regeni I, Chen B, Frank M, Baksi A, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Coal-Tar Dye-based Coordination Cages and Helicates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5673-5678. [PMID: 33245206 PMCID: PMC7986857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to implement four members of the classic coal-tar dye family, Michler's ketone, methylene blue, rhodamine B, and crystal violet, into [Pd2 L4 ] self-assemblies is introduced. Chromophores were incorporated into bis-monodentate ligands using piperazine linkers that allow to retain the auxochromic dialkyl amine functionalities required for intense colors deep in the visible spectrum. Upon palladium coordination, ligands with pyridine donors form lantern-shaped dinuclear cages while quinoline donors lead to strongly twisted [Pd2 L4 ] helicates in solution. In one case, single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed rearrangement to a [Pd3 L6 ] ring structure in the solid state. For nine examined derivatives, showing colors from yellow to deep violet, CD spectroscopy discloses different degrees of chiral induction by an enantiomerically pure guest. Ion mobility mass spectrometry allows to distinguish two binding modes. Self-assemblies based on this new ligand class promise application in chiroptical recognition, photo-redox catalysis and optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Regeni
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Bin Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
- Current Address: State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Marina Frank
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
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49
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Roy P, Sardjan AS, Danowski W, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Meech SR. Photophysics of First-Generation Photomolecular Motors: Resolving Roles of Temperature, Friction, and Medium Polarity. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1711-1719. [PMID: 33606528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven unidirectional molecular rotary motors have the potential to power molecular machines. Consequently, optimizing their speed and efficiency is an important objective. Here, we investigate factors controlling the photochemical yield of the prototypical unidirectional rotary motor, a sterically overcrowded alkene, through detailed investigation of its excited-state dynamics. An isoviscosity analysis of the ultrafast fluorescence decay data resolves friction from barrier effects and reveals a 3.4 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1 barrier to excited-state decay in nonpolar media. Extension of this analysis to polar solvents shows that this barrier height is a strong function of medium polarity and that the decay pathway becomes near barrierless in more polar media. Thus, the properties of the medium can be used as a route for controlling the motor's excited-state dynamics. The connection between these dynamics and the quantum yield of photochemical isomerization is probed. The photochemical quantum yield is shown to be a much weaker function of solvent polarity, and the most efficient excited-state decay pathway does not lead to a strongly enhanced quantum yield for isomerization. These results are discussed in terms of the solvent dependence of the complex multidimensional excited-state reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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50
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Chen S, Costil R, Leung FK, Feringa BL. Self‐Assembly of Photoresponsive Molecular Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Chen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Franco King‐Chi Leung
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
- Present address: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
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