1
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Wu P, Zeng J, Meng L, Wan Q. Glycosylation with sulfoxide-based glycosyl donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39046327 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Sulfoxides have emerged as pivotal constituents in modern carbohydrate chemistry. As anomeric leaving groups, sulfinyl moieties may occupy positions directly at the anomeric position or at a more remote site. This feature article is focused on the evolution and notable advancements of glycosyl sulfoxide donors in glycosylation reactions. Its objective is to elucidate the obstacles and prospects within this evolving research domain, with the aim of enhancing comprehension and progress in the field of carbohydrate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinru Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qian Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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2
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Warnes ME, Fascione MA. Bimodal Glycosyl Donors as an Emerging Approach Towards a General Glycosylation Strategy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400399. [PMID: 38501362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic synthesis provides an accessible route to preparative scale biological glycans, although schemes to access these complex structures are often complicated by preparation of multiple monosaccharide building blocks. Bimodal glycosyl donors capable of forming both α- and β-anomers selectively, are an emerging tactic to reduce the required number of individual synthetic components in glycan construction. This review discusses examples of bimodal donors in the literature, and how they achieve their stereocontrol for both anomers. Notable examples include a bespoke O-2 benzyl protecting group, a strained glycal for reaction using organometallic catalysis, and a simple perbenzylated donor optimised for stereoselective glycosylation through extensive reaction tuning.
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3
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Trinderup HH, Juul-Madsen L, Press L, Madsen M, Jensen HH. α-Selective Glucosylation Can Be Achieved with 6- O- para-Nitrobenzoyl Protection. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13763-13789. [PMID: 36206491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the effect of various 6-O-acyl groups on anomeric selectivity in glucosylations with thioglycoside donors was conducted. All eight different esters were found to induce moderate-to-high α-selectivity in glucosylation with l-menthol with the best being 6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl. The effect appears to be general across various glucosyl acceptors, glucosyl donor types, and modes of activation. No evidence was found in favor of distal participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle H Trinderup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Juul-Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Press
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Mukherjee MM, Ghosh R, Hanover JA. Recent Advances in Stereoselective Chemical O-Glycosylation Reactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:896187. [PMID: 35775080 PMCID: PMC9237389 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.896187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates involving glycoconjugates play a pivotal role in many life processes. Better understanding toward glycobiological events including the structure–function relationship of these biomolecules and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes including tailor-made vaccine development and synthesis of structurally well-defined oligosaccharides (OS) become important. Efficient chemical glycosylation in high yield and stereoselectivity is however challenging and depends on the fine tuning of a protection profile to get matching glycosyl donor–acceptor reactivity along with proper use of other important external factors like catalyst, solvent, temperature, activator, and additive. So far, many glycosylation methods have been reported including several reviews also. In the present review, we will concentrate our discussion on the recent trend on α- and β-selective glycosylation reactions reported during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
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5
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Alex C, Demchenko AV. Recent Advances in Stereocontrolled Mannosylation: Focus on Glycans Comprising Acidic and/or Amino Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3278-3294. [PMID: 34661961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to describe accomplishments made in the stereoselective synthesis of β-linked mannosides functionalized with carboxyls or amines/amides. These ManNAc, ManA and ManNAcA residues found in many glycoconjugates, bacterial polysaccharides, and alginates have consistently captured interest of the glycoscience community both due to synthetic challenge and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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6
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Alex C, Visansirikul S, Demchenko AV. A versatile approach to the synthesis of mannosamine glycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6682-6695. [PMID: 32813001 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-Picoloyl protecting groups at remote positions can affect the stereoselectivity of glycosylation by means of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) pathway. A new practical method for the stereoselective synthesis of β-glycosides of mannosamine is reported. The presence of the O-picoloyl group at the C-3 position of a mannosamine donor can provide high or complete stereocontrol. The method was also utilized for the synthesis of a biologically relevant trisaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4. Also reported herein is a method to achieve complete α-manno stereoselectivity with mannosamine donors equipped with 3-O-benzoyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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7
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Hettikankanamalage AA, Lassfolk R, Ekholm FS, Leino R, Crich D. Mechanisms of Stereodirecting Participation and Ester Migration from Near and Far in Glycosylation and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7104-7151. [PMID: 32627532 PMCID: PMC7429366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is the counterpart of a 2018 Chemical Reviews article (Adero, P. O.; Amarasekara, H.; Wen, P.; Bohé, L.; Crich, D. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 8242-8284) that examined the mechanisms of chemical glycosylation in the absence of stereodirecting participation. Attention is now turned to a critical review of the evidence in support of stereodirecting participation in glycosylation reactions by esters from either the vicinal or more remote positions. As participation by esters is often accompanied by ester migration, the mechanism(s) of migration are also reviewed. Esters are central to the entire review, which accordingly opens with an overview of their structure and their influence on the conformations of six-membered rings. Next the structure and relative energetics of dioxacarbeniun ions are covered with emphasis on the influence of ring size. The existing kinetic evidence for participation is then presented followed by an overview of the various intermediates either isolated or characterized spectroscopically. The evidence supporting participation from remote or distal positions is critically examined, and alternative hypotheses for the stereodirecting effect of such esters are presented. The mechanisms of ester migration are first examined from the perspective of glycosylation reactions and then more broadly in the context of partially acylated polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri A. Hettikankanamalage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Lassfolk
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Khanam A, Tiwari A, Mandal PK. Chiral auxiliaries: Usefullness in stereoselective glycosylation reactions and their synthetic applications. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108045. [PMID: 32679340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides play a very important role in biological system and structure-activity relationships that is why it has a lot of application to medicinal chemistry and development of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. The stereoselective introduction of a glycosidic linkage presents the principal challenge for biological importance oligosaccharide synthesis. The main aim of this review is to described the importance of chiral auxiliary and neibhouring group participation for the stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds formation and their application in complex oligosaccharide synthesis.Numerous 1,2-cis-linked oligosaccharides and glyconjugates are naturally found in the compounds of blood group, human milk, antigens of bacterial lipopolysaccharide etc.that predominantly increased it's importance in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariza Khanam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashwani Tiwari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110001, India.
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9
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Ghosh B, Kulkarni SS. Advances in Protecting Groups for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:450-462. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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10
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Moons SJ, Mensink RA, Bruekers JPJ, Vercammen MLA, Jansen LM, Boltje TJ. α-Selective Glycosylation with β-Glycosyl Sulfonium Ions Prepared via Intramolecular Alkylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4486-4500. [PMID: 30808170 PMCID: PMC6454400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective glycosylation remains the main challenge in the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides. Herein we report a simple method to convert thioglycosides into β-sulfonium ions via an intramolecular alkylation reaction, leading to highly α-selective glycosylations for a variety of glycosyl acceptors. The influence of the thioglycoside substituent and the protecting group pattern on the glycosyl donor was investigated and showed a clear correlation with the observed stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeroen P. J. Bruekers
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits L. A. Vercammen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Jansen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
The translation of biological glycosylation in humans to the clinical applications involves systematic studies using homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which could be accessed by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods. However, the structural complexity and wide-range variations of glycans and their conjugates represent a major challenge in the synthesis of this class of biomolecules. To help navigate within many methods of oligosaccharide synthesis, this Perspective offers a critical assessment of the most promising synthetic strategies with an eye on the therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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12
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Luber T, Niemietz M, Karagiannis T, Mönnich M, Ott D, Perkams L, Walcher J, Berger L, Pischl M, Weishaupt M, Eller S, Hoffman J, Unverzagt C. A Single Route to Mammalian N-Glycans Substituted with Core Fucose and Bisecting GlcNAc. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14543-14549. [PMID: 30144245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of α1,6-linked core fucose on the N-glycans of mammalian glycoproteins is involved in tumor progression and reduces the bioactivity of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Since core-fucosylated N-glycans are difficult to isolate from natural sources, only chemical or enzymatic synthesis can provide the desired compounds for biological studies. A general drawback of chemical α-fucosylation is that the chemical assembly of α1,6-linked fucosides is not stereospecific. A robust and general method for the α-selective fucosylation of acceptors with primary hydroxy groups in α/β ratios exceeding 99:1 was developed. The high selectivities result from the interplay of an optimized protecting group pattern of the fucosyl donors in combination with the activation principle and the reaction conditions. Selective deprotection yielded versatile azides of all mammalian complex-type core-fucosylated N-glycans with 2-4 antennae and optional bisecting GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mathäus Niemietz
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Mönnich
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lukas Berger
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Pischl
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joanna Hoffman
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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13
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Luber T, Niemietz M, Karagiannis T, Mönnich M, Ott D, Perkams L, Walcher J, Berger L, Pischl M, Weishaupt M, Eller S, Hoffman J, Unverzagt C. A Single Route to Mammalian N-Glycans Substituted with Core Fucose and Bisecting GlcNAc. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Mathäus Niemietz
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Manuel Mönnich
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Lukas Berger
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Matthias Pischl
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Joanna Hoffman
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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14
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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15
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Ding F, Ishiwata A, Ito Y. Stereodivergent Mannosylation Using 2- O-( ortho-Tosylamido)benzyl Group. Org Lett 2018; 20:4833-4837. [PMID: 30052458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel strategy for obtaining both anomers from a single mannosyl donor equipped with a C2- o-TsNHbenzyl ether (2- O-TAB) by switching reaction conditions. In particular, the formation of various β-mannosides was achieved with high selectivity by using a mannosyl phosphite in the presence of ZnI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Ding
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishiwata
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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16
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Ding F, Ishiwata A, Ito Y. Bimodal Glycosyl Donors Protected by 2- O-( ortho-Tosylamido)benzyl Group. Org Lett 2018; 20:4384-4388. [PMID: 29985002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A glucosyl donor equipped with C2- o-TsNHbenzyl ether was shown to provide both α- and β-glycosides stereoselectivity, by changing the reaction conditions. Namely, β-glycosides were selectively obtained when the trichloroacetimidate was activated by Tf2NH. On the other hand, activation by TfOH in Et2O provided α-glycosides as major products. This "single donor" approach was employed to assemble naturally occurring trisaccharide α-d-Glc-(1→2)-α-d-Glc-(1→6)-d-Glc and its anomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Ding
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishiwata
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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17
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Zeng J, Liu Y, Chen W, Zhao X, Meng L, Wan Q. Glycosyl Sulfoxides in Glycosylation Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Wang HY, Blaszczyk SA, Xiao G, Tang W. Chiral reagents in glycosylation and modification of carbohydrates. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:681-701. [PMID: 29206256 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a significant role in numerous biological events, and the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates is vital for further studies to understand their various biological functions. Due to the structural complexity of carbohydrates, the stereoselective formation of glycosidic linkages and the site-selective modification of hydroxyl groups are very challenging and at the same time extremely important. In recent years, the rapid development of chiral reagents including both chiral auxiliaries and chiral catalysts has significantly improved the stereoselectivity for glycosylation reactions and the site-selectivity for the modification of carbohydrates. These new tools will greatly facilitate the efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates. In this tutorial review, we will summarize these advances and highlight the most recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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19
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Le Mai Hoang K, He JX, Báti G, Chan-Park MB, Liu XW. A minimalist approach to stereoselective glycosylation with unprotected donors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1146. [PMID: 29079775 PMCID: PMC5660076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic study of carbohydrate interactions in biological systems calls for the chemical synthesis of these complex structures. Owing to the specific stereo-configuration at each anomeric linkage and diversity in branching, significant breakthroughs in recent years have focused on either stereoselective glycosylation methods or facile assembly of glycan chains. Here, we introduce the unification approach that offers both stereoselective glycosidic bond formation and removal of protection/deprotection steps required for further elongation. Using dialkylboryl triflate as an in situ masking reagent, a wide array of glycosyl donors carrying one to three unprotected hydroxyl groups reacts with various glycosyl acceptors to furnish the desired products with good control over regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of straightforward access to important structural scaffolds for complex glycoconjugate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Le Mai Hoang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jing-Xi He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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20
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Takahashi D, Tanaka M, Nishi N, Toshima K. Novel 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylations utilizing organoboron reagents and their application to natural products and complex oligosaccharide synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:64-77. [PMID: 29080430 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this mini-review article, 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylation methods utilizing organoboron reagents and 1,2-anhydroglycosyl donors that were developed in our laboratory, including regio- and 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylations using glycosyl-acceptor-derived boronic ester catalysts and 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylations using glycosyl-acceptor-derived borinic ester catalysts, are recounted. Representative applications of these methods to the synthesis of biologically active natural products and a complex oligosaccharide are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuya Nishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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21
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Advances in Stereoselective 1,2-cis
Glycosylation using C-2 Auxiliaries. Chemistry 2017; 23:17637-17653. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Heuckendorff M, Jensen HH. On the Gluco/Manno Paradox: Practical α-Glucosylations by NIS/TfOH Activation of 4,6-O
-Tethered Thioglucoside Donors. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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23
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Tanaka M, Takahashi D, Toshima K. 1,2-cis-α-Stereoselective Glycosylation Utilizing a Glycosyl-Acceptor-Derived Borinic Ester and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Natural Glycosphingolipids. Org Lett 2016; 18:5030-5033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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24
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Mensink RA, Elferink H, White PB, Pers N, Rutjes FPJT, Boltje TJ. A Study on Stereoselective Glycosylations via Sulfonium Ion Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rens A. Mensink
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Pers
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
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25
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Fascione MA, Brabham R, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic Investigations into the Application of Sulfoxides in Carbohydrate Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:3916-28. [PMID: 26744250 PMCID: PMC4794778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The utility of sulfoxides in a diverse range of transformations in the field of carbohydrate chemistry has seen rapid growth since the first introduction of a sulfoxide as a glycosyl donor in 1989. Sulfoxides have since developed into more than just anomeric leaving groups, and today have multiple roles in glycosylation reactions. These include as activators for thioglycosides, hemiacetals, and glycals, and as precursors to glycosyl triflates, which are essential for stereoselective β-mannoside synthesis, and bicyclic sulfonium ions that facilitate the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosides. In this review we highlight the mechanistic investigations undertaken in this area, often outlining strategies employed to differentiate between multiple proposed reaction pathways, and how the conclusions of these investigations have and continue to inform upon the development of more efficient transformations in sulfoxide-based carbohydrate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Robin Brabham
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Anomeric sulfonium ions are attractive glycosyl donors for the stereoselective installation of 1,2-cis glycosides. Although these donors are receiving increasing attention, their mechanism of glycosylation remains controversial. We have investigated the reaction mechanism of glycosylation of a donor modified at C-2 with a (1S)-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl chiral auxiliary. Preactivation of this donor results in the formation of a bicyclic β-sulfonium ion that after addition of an alcohol undergoes 1,2-cis-glycosylation. To probe the importance of the thiophenyl moiety, analogs were prepared in which this moiety was replaced by an anisoyl or benzyl moiety. Furthermore, the auxiliaries were installed as S- and R-stereoisomers. It was found that the nature of the heteroatom and chirality of the auxiliary greatly influenced the anomeric outcome and only the one containing a thiophenyl moiety and having S-configuration gave consistently α-anomeric products. The sulfonium ions are sufficiently stable at a temperature at which glycosylations proceed indicating that they are viable glycosylation agents. Time-course NMR experiments with the latter donor showed that the initial rates of glycosylations increase with increases in acceptor concentration and the rate curves could be fitted to a second order rate equation. Collectively, these observations support a mechanism by which a sulfonium ion intermediate is formed as a trans-decalin ring system that can undergo glycosylation through a bimolecular mechanism. DFT calculations have provided further insight into the reaction path of glycosylation and indicate that initially a hydrogen-bonded complex is formed between sulfonium ion and acceptor that undergoes SN2-like glycosylation to give an α-anomeric product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yi Gu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Watson AJA, Alexander SR, Cox DJ, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting Group Dependence of Stereochemical Outcome of Glycosylation of 2-O-(Thiophen-2-yl)methyl Ether Protected Glycosyl Donors. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Salamone S, Guerreiro C, Cambon E, Hargreaves JM, Tarrat N, Remaud-Siméon M, André I, Mulard LA. Investigation on the Synthesis of Shigella flexneri Specific Oligosaccharides Using Disaccharides as Potential Transglucosylase Acceptor Substrates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11237-57. [PMID: 26340432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemo-enzymatic strategies hold great potential for the development of stereo- and regioselective syntheses of structurally defined bioactive oligosaccharides. Herein, we illustrate the potential of the appropriate combination of a planned chemo-enzymatic pathway and an engineered biocatalyst for the multistep synthesis of an important decasaccharide for vaccine development. We report the stepwise investigation, which led to an efficient chemical conversion of allyl α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-β-d-glucopyranoside, the product of site-specific enzymatic α-d-glucosylation of a lightly protected non-natural disaccharide acceptor, into a pentasaccharide building block suitable for chain elongation at both ends. Successful differentiation between hydroxyl groups features the selective acylation of primary alcohols and acetalation of a cis-vicinal diol, followed by a controlled per-O-benzylation step. Moreover, we describe the successful use of the pentasaccharide intermediate in the [5 + 5] synthesis of an aminoethyl aglycon-equipped decasaccharide, corresponding to a dimer of the basic repeating unit from the O-specific polysaccharide of Shigella flexneri 2a, a major cause of bacillary dysentery. Four analogues of the disaccharide acceptor were synthesized and evaluated to reach a larger repertoire of O-glucosylation patterns encountered among S. flexneri type-specific polysaccharides. New insights on the potential and limitations of planned chemo-enzymatic pathways in oligosaccharide synthesis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Salamone
- Institut Pasteur , Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15 France.,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Guerreiro
- Institut Pasteur , Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15 France.,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambon
- Université de Toulouse , INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5504 , F-31400 Toulouse, France.,INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jason M Hargreaves
- Institut Pasteur , Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15 France.,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Tarrat
- Université de Toulouse , INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5504 , F-31400 Toulouse, France.,INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Université de Toulouse , INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5504 , F-31400 Toulouse, France.,INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse , INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5504 , F-31400 Toulouse, France.,INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur , Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15 France.,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris, France
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29
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Garcia A, Sanzone JR, Woerpel KA. Participation of alkoxy groups in reactions of acetals: violation of the reactivity/selectivity principle in a Curtin-Hammett kinetic scenario. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12087-90. [PMID: 26290402 PMCID: PMC4702254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of acetals having benzyloxy groups four carbon atoms away can be highly diastereoselective. The selectivity in several cases increased as the reactivity of the nucleophile increased, in violation of the reactivity/selectivity principle. The increase in selectivity with reactivity suggests that multiple conformational isomers of reactive intermediates can give rise to the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003 (USA)
| | - Jillian R Sanzone
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003 (USA)
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003 (USA).
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30
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Garcia A, Sanzone JR, Woerpel KA. Participation of Alkoxy Groups in Reactions of Acetals: Violation of the Reactivity/Selectivity Principle in a Curtin-Hammett Kinetic Scenario. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Huang W, Gao Q, Boons GJ. Assembly of a Complex Branched Oligosaccharide by Combining Fluorous-Supported Synthesis and Stereoselective Glycosylations using Anomeric Sulfonium Ions. Chemistry 2015; 21:12920-6. [PMID: 26250358 PMCID: PMC4878019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop reliable strategies for the rapid assembly of complex oligosaccharides. This paper presents a set of strategically selected orthogonal protecting groups, glycosyl donors modified by a (S)-phenylthiomethylbenzyl ether at C-2, and a glycosyl acceptor containing a fluorous tag, which makes it possible to rapidly prepare complex branched oligosaccharides of biological importance. The C-2 auxiliary controlled the 1,2-cis anomeric selectivity of the various galactosylations. The orthogonal protecting groups, 2-naphthylmethyl ether (Nap) and levulinic ester (Lev), made it possible to generate glycosyl acceptors and allowed the installation of a crowded branching point. After the glycosylations, the chiral auxiliary could be removed using acidic conditions, which was compatible with the presence of the orthogonal protecting groups Lev and Nap, thereby allowing the efficient installation of 1,2-linked glycosides. The light fluorous tag made it possible to purify the compounds by a simple filtration method using silica gel modified by fluorocarbons. The set of building blocks was successfully employed for the preparation of the carbohydrate moiety of the GPI anchor of Trypanosoma brucei, which is a parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans and similar diseases in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Qi Gao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).
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32
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Singh GP, Watson AJA, Fairbanks AJ. Achiral 2-Hydroxy Protecting Group for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2-cis-α-Glycosides by Six-Ring Neighboring Group Participation. Org Lett 2015; 17:4376-9. [PMID: 26308903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of a fully armed donor bearing a 2-O-(trimethoxybenzenethiol) ethyl ether protecting group is completely α-selective with a range of carbohydrate alcohol acceptors. Low-temperature NMR studies confirm the intermediacy of cyclic sulfonium ion intermediates arising from six-membered β-sulfonium ring neighboring group participation. Selective protecting group removal is achieved in high yield in a single operation by S-methylation and base-induced β-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind P Singh
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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33
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Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
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34
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Frihed TG, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Mechanisms of Glycosylation Reactions Studied by Low-Temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4963-5013. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500434x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Garcia A, Otte DAL, Salamant WA, Sanzone JR, Woerpel KA. Influence of Alkoxy Groups on Rates of Acetal Hydrolysis and Tosylate Solvolysis: Electrostatic Stabilization of Developing Oxocarbenium Ion Intermediates and Neighboring-Group Participation To Form Oxonium Ions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4470-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angie Garcia
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Douglas A. L. Otte
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Walter A. Salamant
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jillian R. Sanzone
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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36
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Buda S, Nawój M, Gołębiowska P, Dyduch K, Michalak A, Mlynarski J. Application of 2-Substituted Benzyl Groups in Stereoselective Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:770-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502186f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Buda
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Nawój
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Gołębiowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karol Dyduch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Michalak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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37
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Salamone S, Guerreiro C, Cambon E, André I, Remaud-Siméon M, Mulard LA. Programmed chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the oligosaccharide component of a carbohydrate-based antibacterial vaccine candidate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2581-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The powerful chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the pentadecasaccharide hapten involved in the first synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine candidate against endemic shigellosis is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Salamone
- Institut Pasteur
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
- France
- CNRS UMR 3523
| | - Catherine Guerreiro
- Institut Pasteur
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
- France
- CNRS UMR 3523
| | | | | | | | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Institut Pasteur
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
- France
- CNRS UMR 3523
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38
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Gharpure SJ, Anuradha D, Prasad JVK, Srinivasa Rao P. Stereoselective Synthesis ofcis-2,6-Disubstituted Morpholines and 1,4-Oxathianes by Intramolecular Reductive Etherification of 1,5-Diketones. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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The intriguing dual-directing effect of 2-cyanobenzyl ether for a highly stereospecific glycosylation reaction. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5051. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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40
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Mulani SK, Hung WC, Ingle AB, Shiau KS, Mong KKT. Modulating glycosylation with exogenous nucleophiles: an overview. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1184-97. [PMID: 24382624 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge in carbohydrate synthesis is stereochemical control of glycosidic bond formation. Different glycosylation methods have been developed that are based on the modulation effect of external nucleophiles. This review highlights the development, synthetic application, challenges and outlook of the modulated glycosylation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen K Mulani
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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41
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Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Hydrogen Bond Mediated Aglycone Delivery: Synthesis of Linear and Branched α-Glucans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Hydrogen bond mediated aglycone delivery: synthesis of linear and branched α-glucans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10453-6. [PMID: 25115776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A Hydrogen bond mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) method was applied to the synthesis of α-glucans, which are abundant in nature, but as targets represent a notable challenge to chemists. The synthesis of linear oligosaccharide sequences was accomplished in complete stereoselectivity in all glycosylations. The efficacy of HAD may diminish with the increased bulk of the glycosyl acceptor, and may be an important factor for the syntheses of oligomers beyond pentasaccharides. The synthesis of a branched structure proved more challenging, particularly with bulky trisaccharide acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagodige P Yasomanee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121 (USA) http://www.umsl.edu/chemistry/faculty/demchenko.htm
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43
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Neighbouring Group Participation During Glycosylation: Do 2-Substituted Ethyl Ethers Participate? European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Padungros P, Alberch L, Wei A. Glycosyl dithiocarbamates: β-selective couplings without auxiliary groups. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2611-24. [PMID: 24548247 PMCID: PMC3985838 DOI: 10.1021/jo500032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we evaluate glycosyl dithiocarbamates (DTCs) with unprotected C2 hydroxyls as donors in β-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. We report a mild, one-pot conversion of glycals into β-glycosyl DTCs via DMDO oxidation with subsequent ring opening by DTC salts, which can be generated in situ from secondary amines and CS2. Glycosyl DTCs are readily activated with Cu(I) or Cu(II) triflate at low temperatures and are amenable to reiterative synthesis strategies, as demonstrated by the efficient construction of a tri-β-1,6-linked tetrasaccharide. Glycosyl DTC couplings are highly β-selective despite the absence of a preexisting C2 auxiliary group. We provide evidence that the directing effect is mediated by the C2 hydroxyl itself via the putative formation of a cis-fused bicyclic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Alberch
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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45
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Chu AHA, Nguyen SH, Sisel JA, Minciunescu A, Bennett CS. Selective synthesis of 1,2-cis-α-glycosides without directing groups. Application to iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. Org Lett 2013; 15:2566-9. [PMID: 23646882 DOI: 10.1021/ol401095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for the highly selective synthesis of 1,2-cis-α-linked glycosides that does not require the use of the specialized protecting group patterns normally employed to control diastereoselectivity is described. Thioglycoside acceptors can be used, permitting iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. The approach eliminates the need for lengthy syntheses of monosaccharides possessing highly specialized and unconventional protecting group patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hsiang Adam Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02145, United States
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46
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Yang L, Qin Q, Ye XS. Preactivation: An Alternative Strategy in Stereoselective Glycosylation and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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Walvoort MTC, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC. On the reactivity and selectivity of donor glycosides in glycochemistry and glycobiology: trapped covalent intermediates. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Effect of Remote Picolinyl and Picoloyl Substituents on the Stereoselectivity of Chemical Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20097-102. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307355n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagodige P. Yasomanee
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Missouri − St. Louis, One University
Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Missouri − St. Louis, One University
Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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49
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Nokwequ MG, Nkambule CM, Gammon DW. Armed–disarmed effect on the stability of cysteine thioglucosides. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Turnbull WB, Stalford SA. Methylthioxylose--a jewel in the mycobacterial crown? Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5698-706. [PMID: 22575989 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago an unusual sugar was discovered in a cell wall polysaccharide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structural elucidation revealed the presence of the first thiosugar in a bacterial polysaccharide. Synthetic studies have helped to define its relative and absolute configuration as α-D-methylthioxylofuranosyl. While its biosynthetic origins remain the subject of speculation, work has begun to define its possible biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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