1
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Yang J, Zhu C, Wang D. A Simple Organo-Electrocatalysis System for the Chlor-Related Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406883. [PMID: 38783773 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Consuming a substantial quantum of energy (~165 TW h), the chlor-alkali industry garners considerable scholarly and industrial interest, with the anode reaction involving the oxidation of chloride ions being a paramount determinant of reaction rates. While the dimensionally stable anode (DSA) displays commendable catalytic activity and longevity, they rely on precious metals and exhibit a non-negligible side reaction in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) production, underscoring the appeal of metal-free alternatives. However, the molecules and systems currently available are characterized by intricate complexity and are not amenable to large-scale production. Herein, we have successfully developed an economical and highly efficient molecular catalyst, demonstrating superior performance compared with the former organic molecules in the chloride ion oxidation process (COP) for the production of both chlorine gas (Cl2) and NaClO. The molecule of 2N only needs 92 mV to reach a current density of 1000 mA cm-2, with a small cost of only 0.002 $ g-1. Furthermore, we propose a novel mechanism underpinned by non-covalent interactions, serving as the foundation for an innovative approach to the design of efficient anodes for the COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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2
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Gomes GJ, Zalazar MF, Padilha JC, Costa MB, Bazzi CL, Arroyo PA. Unveiling the mechanisms of carboxylic acid esterification on acid zeolites for biomass-to-energy: A review of the catalytic process through experimental and computational studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140879. [PMID: 38061565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest from industrial and academic areas in the esterification of carboxylic acids catalyzed by acidic zeolites, as it represents a sustainable and economically viable approach to producing a wide range of high-value-added products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that address the intricate reaction mechanisms occurring at the catalyst interface at both the experimental and atomistic levels. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the esterification reaction on acidic zeolites based on experimental and theoretical studies. The combination of infrared spectroscopy with atomistic calculations and experimental strategies using modulation excitation spectroscopy techniques combined with phase-sensitive detection is presented as an approach to detecting short-lived intermediates at the interface of zeolitic frameworks under realistic reaction conditions. To achieve this goal, this review has been divided into four sections: The first is a brief introduction highlighting the distinctive features of this review. The second addresses questions about the topology and activity of different zeolitic systems, since these properties are closely correlated in the esterification process. The third section deals with the mechanisms proposed in the literature. The fourth section presents advances in IR techniques and theoretical calculations that can be applied to gain new insights into reaction mechanisms. Finally, this review concludes with a subtle approach, highlighting the main aspects and perspectives of combining experimental and theoretical techniques to elucidate different reaction mechanisms in zeolitic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio José Gomes
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina; Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - María Fernanda Zalazar
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Budke Costa
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Claudio Leones Bazzi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Arroyo
- Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Chen Z, Fan Q, Zhou J, Wang X, Huang M, Jiang H, Cölfen H. Toward Understanding the Formation Mechanism and OER Catalytic Mechanism of Hydroxides by In Situ and Operando Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202309293. [PMID: 37650657 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and affordable electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant barrier that needs to be overcome for the practical applications of hydrogen production via water electrolysis, transforming CO2 to value-added chemicals, and metal-air batteries. Recently, hydroxides have shown promise as electrocatalysts for OER. In situ or operando techniques are particularly indispensable for monitoring the key intermediates together with understanding the reaction process, which is extremely important for revealing the formation/OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides and preparing cost-effective electrocatalysts for OER. However, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion on the current status and challenges of studying these mechanisms using in situ or operando techniques, which hinders our ability to identify and address the obstacles present in this field. This review offers an overview of in situ or operando techniques, outlining their capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. Recent findings related to the formation mechanism and OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides revealed by in situ or operando techniques are also discussed in detail. Additionally, some current challenges in this field are concluded and appropriate solution strategies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkun Chen
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Qiqi Fan
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jian Zhou
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xingkun Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Heqing Jiang
- Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Thibault F, Ferri D. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy of adsorbates in liquid phase. Talanta 2023; 264:124734. [PMID: 37271007 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy is widely used to analyse the surface of solid materials central to modern chemical processes. For liquid phase experiments, the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-IR) requires the use of waveguides that can limit a broader applicability of the technique for catalysis studies. Here, we demonstrate that high quality spectra of the solid-liquid interface can be collected in diffuse reflectance mode (DRIFTS) thus opening future applications of infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH - 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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5
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Yang J, Li WH, Tang HT, Pan YM, Wang D, Li Y. CO 2-mediated organocatalytic chlorine evolution under industrial conditions. Nature 2023; 617:519-523. [PMID: 37198309 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During the chlor-alkali process, in operation since the nineteenth century, electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions generates chlorine and sodium hydroxide that are both important for chemical manufacturing1-4. As the process is very energy intensive, with 4% of globally produced electricity (about 150 TWh) going to the chlor-alkali industry5-8, even modest efficiency improvements can deliver substantial cost and energy savings. A particular focus in this regard is the demanding chlorine evolution reaction, for which the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst is still the dimensionally stable anode developed decades ago9-11. New catalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction have been reported12,13, but they still mainly consist of noble metal14-18. Here we show that an organocatalyst with an amide functional group enables the chlorine evolution reaction; and that in the presence of CO2, it achieves a current density of 10 kA m-2 and a selectivity of 99.6% at an overpotential of only 89 mV and thus rivals the dimensionally stable anode. We find that reversible binding of CO2 to the amide nitrogen facilitates formation of a radical species that plays a critical role in Cl2 generation, and that might also prove useful in the context of Cl- batteries and organic synthesis19-21. Although organocatalysts are typically not considered promising for demanding electrochemical applications, this work demonstrates their broader potential and the opportunities they offer for developing industrially relevant new processes and exploring new electrochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Cao W, Xia GJ, Yao Z, Zeng KH, Qiao Y, Wang YG. Aldehyde Hydrogenation by Pt/TiO 2 Catalyst in Aqueous Phase: Synergistic Effect of Oxygen Vacancy and Solvent Water. JACS AU 2023; 3:143-153. [PMID: 36711102 PMCID: PMC9875238 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aldehyde hydrogenation for stabilizing and upgrading biomass is typically performed in aqueous phase with supported metal catalysts. By combining density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the model reaction of formaldehyde hydrogenation with a Pt/TiO2 catalyst is investigated with explicit solvent water molecules. In aqueous phase, both the O vacancy (Ov) on support and solvent molecules could donate charges to a Pt cluster, where the Ov could dominantly reduce the Pt cluster from positive to negative. During the formaldehyde hydrogenation, the water molecules could spontaneously protonate the O in the aldehyde group by acid/base exchange, generating the OH* at the metal-support interface by long-range proton transfer. By comparing the stoichiometric and reduced TiO2 support, it is found that the further hydrogenation of OH* is hard on the positively charged Pt cluster over stoichiometric TiO2. However, with the presence of Ov on reduced support, the OH* hydrogenation could become not only exergonic but also kinetically more facile, which prohibits the catalyst from poisoning. This mechanism suggests that both the proton transfer from solvent water molecules and the easier OH* hydrogenation from Ov could synergistically promote aldehyde hydrogenation. That means, even for such simple hydrogenation in water, the catalytic mechanism could explicitly relate to all of the metal cluster, oxide support, and solvent waters. Considering the ubiquitous Ov defects in reducible oxide supports and the common aqueous environment, this synergistic effect may not be exclusive to Pt/TiO2, which can be crucial for supported metal catalysts in biomass conversion.
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7
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Schienbein P, Blumberger J. Nanosecond solvation dynamics of the hematite/liquid water interface at hybrid DFT accuracy using committee neural network potentials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15365-15375. [PMID: 35703465 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal oxide/water interfaces play an important role in biology, catalysis, energy storage and photocatalytic water splitting. The atomistic structure at these interfaces is often difficult to characterize by experimental techniques, whilst results from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations tend to be uncertain due to the limited length and time scales accessible. In this work, we train a committee neural network potential to simulate the hematite/water interface at the hybrid DFT level of theory to reach the nanosecond timescale and systems containing more than 3000 atoms. The NNP enables us to converge dynamical properties, not possible with brute-force ab initio molecular dynamics. Our simulations uncover a rich solvation dynamics at the hematite/water interface spanning three different time scales: picosecond H-bond dynamics between surface hydroxyls and the first water layer, in-plane/out-of-plane tilt motion of surface hydroxyls on the 10 ps time scale, and diffusion of water molecules from the oxide surface characterized by a mean residence lifetime of about 60 ps. Calculation of vibrational spectra confirm that H-bonds between surface hydroxyls and first layer water molecules are stronger than H-bonds in bulk water. Our study showcases how state of the art machine learning approaches can routinely be utilized to explore the structural dynamics at transition metal oxide interfaces with complex electronic structure. It foreshadows that c-NNPs are a promising tool to tackle the sampling problem in ab initio electrochemistry with explicit solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schienbein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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8
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Peng X, Zhu FC, Jiang YH, Sun JJ, Xiao LP, Zhou S, Bustillo KC, Lin LH, Cheng J, Li JF, Liao HG, Sun SG, Zheng H. Identification of a quasi-liquid phase at solid-liquid interface. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3601. [PMID: 35739085 PMCID: PMC9226024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of solid–liquid interfaces is of great importance for fundamental research as well as industrial applications. However, it has been very challenging to directly image solid–liquid interfaces with high resolution, thus their structure and properties are often unknown. Here, we report a quasi-liquid phase between metal (In, Sn) nanoparticle surfaces and an aqueous solution observed using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Our real-time high-resolution imaging reveals a thin layer of liquid-like materials at the interfaces with the frequent appearance of small In nanoclusters. Such a quasi-liquid phase serves as an intermediate for the mass transport from the metal nanoparticle to the liquid. Density functional theory-molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the positive charges of In ions greatly contribute to the stabilization of the quasi-liquid phase on the metal surface. Solid–liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in natural and technological processes, but their imaging at the atomic scale has been challenging. The authors, using liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, identify a quasi-liquid phase and the mass transport between the surface of In and Sn nanocrystals and an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fu-Chun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - You-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juan-Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liang-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Long-Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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9
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Klingler S, Hniopek J, Stach R, Schmitt M, Popp J, Mizaikoff B. Simultaneous Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Luminescence Sensing: A Multispectroscopic Analytical Platform. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:157-166. [PMID: 36785721 PMCID: PMC9838817 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scientific questions in fields such as catalysis, monitoring of biological processes, or environmental chemistry demand analytical technologies combining orthogonal spectroscopies. Combined spectroscopic concepts facilitate in situ online monitoring of dynamic processes providing a better understanding of the involved reaction pathways. In the present study, a low-liquid-volume multispectroscopic platform was developed based on infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy and luminescence sensing. To demonstrate the measurement capabilities, exemplary analyte systems including water/heavy water and aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate were analyzed as proof-of-principle studies. It was successfully demonstrated that three optical techniques may be integrated into a single analytical platform without interference providing synchronized and complementary data sets by probing the same minute sample volume. In addition, the developed assembly provides a gastight lid sealing the headspace above the probed liquid for monitoring the concentration of molecular oxygen also in the gas phase via luminescence quenching. Hence, the entire assembly may be operated at inert conditions, as required, for example, during the analysis of photocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klingler
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Julian Hniopek
- Department
of Spectroscopy/Imaging, Leibniz-Institute
of Photonic Technologies, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Robert Stach
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße
14, Ulm, 89077, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Department
of Spectroscopy/Imaging, Leibniz-Institute
of Photonic Technologies, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße
14, Ulm, 89077, Germany
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10
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Time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to photoinduced reactions: how and why. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:557-584. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Rivera Rocabado DS, Noguchi TG, Hayashi S, Maeda N, Yamauchi M, Ishimoto T. Adsorption States of N 2/H 2 Activated on Ru Nanoparticles Uncovered by Modulation-Excitation Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20079-20086. [PMID: 34860010 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption states of N2 and H2 on MgO-supported Ru nanoparticles under conditions close to those of ammonia synthesis (AS; 1 atm, 250 °C) were uncovered by modulation-excitation infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations using a nanoscale Ru particle model. The two most intense N2 adsorption peaks corresponded to the vertical chemisorption of N2 on the nanoparticle's top and bridge sites, while the remaining peaks were assigned to horizontally adsorbed N2 in view of the site heterogeneity of Ru nanoparticles. Long-term observations showed that vertically adsorbed N2 molecules gradually migrated from the top sites to the bridge sites. Compared to those adsorbed vertically, N2 molecules adsorbed horizontally exhibited a lower dipole moment, an increased N─N bond distance, and a decreased N─N bond order (i.e., were activated), which was ascribed to enhanced Ru-to-N charge transfer. H2 molecules were preferentially adsorbed horizontally on top sites and then rapidly dissociated to afford strongly surface-bound H atoms and thus block the active sites of Ru nanoparticles. Our results clarify the controversial adsorption/desorption behavior of N2 and H2 on AS catalysts and facilitate their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rivera Rocabado
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tomohiro G Noguchi
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shio Hayashi
- International College of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Maeda
- Institute of Materials and Process Engineering (IMPE), Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW), Technikumstrasse 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Miho Yamauchi
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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12
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Tang Y, Li Y, Feng Tao F. Activation and catalytic transformation of methane under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:376-423. [PMID: 34904592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, worldwide scientists have been motivated by the promising production of chemicals from the widely existing methane (CH4) under mild conditions for both chemical synthesis with low energy consumption and climate remediation. To achieve this goal, a whole library of catalytic chemistries of transforming CH4 to various products under mild conditions is required to be developed. Worldwide scientists have made significant efforts to reach this goal. These significant efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of oxidation of CH4 to value-added intermediate compounds including but not limited to CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, and CH3COOH under mild conditions. The fundamental understanding of these chemical and catalytic transformations of CH4 under mild conditions have been achieved to some extent, although currently neither a catalyst nor a catalytic process can be used for chemical production under mild conditions at a large scale. In the academic community, over ten different reactions have been developed for converting CH4 to different types of oxygenates under mild conditions in terms of a relatively low activation or catalysis temperature. However, there is still a lack of a molecular-level understanding of the activation and catalysis processes performed in extremely complex reaction environments under mild conditions. This article reviewed the fundamental understanding of these activation and catalysis achieved so far. Different oxidative activations of CH4 or catalytic transformations toward chemical production under mild conditions were reviewed in parallel, by which the trend of developing catalysts for a specific reaction was identified and insights into the design of these catalysts were gained. As a whole, this review focused on discussing profound insights gained through endeavors of scientists in this field. It aimed to present a relatively complete picture for the activation and catalytic transformations of CH4 to chemicals under mild conditions. Finally, suggestions of potential explorations for the production of chemicals from CH4 under mild conditions were made. The facing challenges to achieve high yield of ideal products were highlighted and possible solutions to tackle them were briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Institute of Molecular Catalysis and In situ/operando Studies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350000, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
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13
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Xia GJ, Wang YG. Solvent promotion on the metal-support interaction and activity of Pd@ZrO2 Catalyst: Formation of metal hydrides as the new catalytic active phase at the Solid-Liquid interface. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Zhang YC, Han C, Gao J, Pan L, Wu J, Zhu XD, Zou JJ. NiCo-Based Electrocatalysts for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Review. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Caidi Han
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinting Wu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ji-Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Rupprechter G. Operando Surface Spectroscopy and Microscopy during Catalytic Reactions: From Clusters via Nanoparticles to Meso-Scale Aggregates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004289. [PMID: 33694320 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Operando characterization of working catalysts, requiring per definitionem the simultaneous measurement of catalytic performance, is crucial to identify the relevant catalyst structure, composition and adsorbed species. Frequently applied operando techniques are discussed, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to these area-averaging spectroscopies, operando surface microscopy by photoemission electron microscopy delivers spatially-resolved data, directly visualizing catalyst heterogeneity. For thorough interpretation, the experimental results should be complemented by density functional theory. The operando approach enables to identify changes of cluster/nanoparticle structure and composition during ongoing catalytic reactions and reveal how molecules interact with surfaces and interfaces. The case studies cover the length-scales from clusters via nanoparticles to meso-scale aggregates, and demonstrate the benefits of specific operando methods. Restructuring, ligand/atom mobility, and surface composition alterations during the reaction may have pronounced effects on activity and selectivity. The nanoscale metal/oxide interface steers catalytic performance via a long ranging effect. Combining operando spectroscopy with switching gas feeds or concentration-modulation provides further mechanistic insights. The obtained fundamental understanding is a prerequisite for improving catalytic performance and for rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna, 1060, Austria
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16
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Dong B, Mansour N, Huang TX, Huang W, Fang N. Single molecule fluorescence imaging of nanoconfinement in porous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6483-6506. [PMID: 34100033 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent progress in using single molecule fluorescence microscopy imaging to understand the nanoconfinement in porous materials. The single molecule approach unveils the static and dynamic heterogeneities from seemingly equal molecules by removing the ensemble averaging effect. Physicochemical processes including mass transport, surface adsorption/desorption, and chemical conversions within the confined space inside porous materials have been studied at nanometer spatial resolution, at the single nanopore level, with millisecond temporal resolution, and under real chemical reaction conditions. Understanding these physicochemical processes provides the ability to quantitatively measure the inhomogeneities of nanoconfinement effects from the confining properties, including morphologies, spatial arrangement, and trapping domains. Prospects and limitations of current single molecule imaging studies on nanoconfinement are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
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17
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Baskin A, Lawson JW, Prendergast D. Anion-Assisted Delivery of Multivalent Cations to Inert Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4347-4356. [PMID: 33929859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand and control key electrochemical processes-metal plating, corrosion, intercalation, etc.-requires molecular-scale details of the active species at electrochemical interfaces and their mechanisms for desolvation from the electrolyte. Using free energy sampling techniques we reveal the interfacial speciation of divalent cations in ether-based electrolytes and mechanisms for their delivery to an inert graphene electrode interface. Surprisingly, we find that anion solvophobicity drives a high population of anion-containing species to the interface that facilitate the delivery of divalent cations, even to negatively charged electrodes. Our simulations indicate that cation desolvation is greatly facilitated by cation-anion coupling. We propose anion solvophobicity as a molecular-level descriptor for rational design of electrolytes with increased efficiency for electrochemical processes limited by multivalent cation desolvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - John W Lawson
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Huo J, Tessonnier JP, Shanks BH. Improving Hydrothermal Stability of Supported Metal Catalysts for Biomass Conversions: A Review. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Huo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brent H. Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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19
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Influence of the support in aqueous phase oxidation of ethanol on gold/metal oxide catalysts studied by ATR-IR spectroscopy under working conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Support effects in iridium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol studied by modulation-excitation attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Gehlen MH, Foltran LS, Kienle DF, Schwartz DK. Single-Molecule Observations Provide Mechanistic Insights into Bimolecular Knoevenagel Amino Catalysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9714-9724. [PMID: 33136415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While single-molecule (SM) methods have provided new insights to various catalytic processes, bimolecular reactions have been particularly challenging to study. Here, the fluorogenic Knoevenagel condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with methyl cyanoacetate promoted by surface-immobilized piperazine is quantitatively characterized using super-resolution fluorescence imaging and stochastic analysis using hidden Markov modeling (HMM). Notably, the SM results suggest that the reaction follows the iminium intermediate pathway before the formation of a fluorescent product with intramolecular charge-transfer character. Moreover, the overall process is limited by the turnover rate of the catalyst, which is involved in multiple steps along the reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Gehlen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Foltran
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Kienle
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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22
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Li HK, Pedro de Souza J, Zhang Z, Martis J, Sendgikoski K, Cumings J, Bazant MZ, Majumdar A. Imaging Arrangements of Discrete Ions at Liquid-Solid Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7927-7932. [PMID: 33079557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The individual and collective behavior of ions near electrically charged interfaces is foundational to a variety of electrochemical phenomena encountered in biology, energy, and the environment. While many theories have been developed to predict the interfacial arrangements of counterions, direct experimental observations and validations have remained elusive. Utilizing cryo-electron microscopy, here we directly visualize individual counterions and reveal their discrete interfacial layering. Comparison with simulations suggests the strong effects of finite ionic size and electrostatic interactions. We also uncover correlated ionic structures under extreme confinement, with the channel widths approaching the ionic diameter (∼1 nm). Our work reveals the roles of ionic size, valency, and confinement in determining the structures of liquid-solid interfaces and opens up new opportunities to study such systems at the single-ion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kyle Sendgikoski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John Cumings
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Ko YG. Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited layers as alpha sources for alpha-particle spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Strong Activity Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Degradation of an Azo Dye on Au/TiO2 Doped with FeOx. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The doping of Au/TiO2 with FeOx is shown to result in a strong enhancement of its photocatalytic activity in the degradation of the azo dye Orange II. In order to examine the source of this enhancement, Au-FeOx/TiO2 nanocomposites containing different molar ratios of Au:Fe were synthesized, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analyses indicated that the TiO2-supported Au nanoparticles were partially covered with an amorphous layer of FeOx species, in which the iron was present as Fe2+ and Fe3+. The metal-semiconductor system, i.e., Au/TiO2, showed only a moderate degradation rate, whereas doping with FeOx strongly enhanced the degradation activity. The bandgap energy decreased gradually from Au/TiO2 (3.13 eV) to the catalyst with the highest FeOx loading Au-FeOx (1:2)/TiO2 (2.23 eV), and this decrease was accompanied by a steady increase in the degradation activity of the catalysts. XPS analyses revealed that compared to Au/TiO2, on Au-FeOx/TiO2 a much higher population density of chemisorbed and/or dissociated oxygen species was generated, which together with the decreased bandgap resulted in the highest photocatalytic activity observed with Au-FeOx (1:2)/TiO2. The processes occurring during reaction on the catalyst surface and in the bulk liquid phase were investigated using operando attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy (ATR-IR) combined with modulation excitation spectroscopy (MES), which showed that the doping of Au/TiO2 with FeOx weakens the interaction of the dye with the catalyst surface and strongly enhances the cleavage of the azo bond.
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25
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The Application of Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy to Investigate the Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde Over an Alumina-Supported Palladium Catalyst. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hydrogenation of benzaldehyde in cyclohexane over a 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst at 313 K is firstly investigated at ambient pressure in a stirred batch reactor. The formation of benzyl alcohol is a facile process and a small mass imbalance is indirectly attributed to the formation of benzene as a by-product. No hydrogenolysis reaction to form toluene is observed. Secondly, examination of this reaction system by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy enables the chemistry at the liquid/solid interface to be probed. Specifically, the ν(C=O) modes of solvated and adsorbed benzaldehyde are evident at 1712 and 1691 cm−1 respectively, providing information on how the reagent is partitioning within the reaction medium. Spectral acquisition on initiation of hydrogenation then enables the benzaldehyde → benzyl alcohol transition to be tracked. The additional presence of a broad CO stretching band of chemisorbed carbon monoxide (1852–1929 cm−1) is attributed to the hydrogen-assisted decarbonylation pathway that forms the benzene by-product.
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26
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Kratz C, Furchner A, Sun G, Rappich J, Hinrichs K. Sensing and structure analysis by in situIR spectroscopy: from mL flow cells to microfluidic applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:393002. [PMID: 32235045 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situmid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in liquids is an emerging field for the analysis of functional surfaces and chemical reactions. Different basic geometries exist forin situMIR spectroscopy in milliliter (mL) and microfluidic flow cells, such as attenuated total reflection (ATR), simple reflection, transmission and fiber waveguides. After a general introduction of linear opticalin situMIR techniques, the methodology of ATR, ellipsometric and microfluidic applications in single-reflection geometries is presented. Selected examples focusing on thin layers relevant to optical, electronical, polymer, biomedical, sensing and silicon technology are discussed. The development of an optofluidic platform translates IR spectroscopy to the world of micro- and nanofluidics. With the implementation of SEIRA (surface enhanced infrared absorption) interfaces, the sensitivity of optofluidic analyses of biomolecules can be improved significantly. A large variety of enhancement surfaces ranging from tailored nanostructures to metal-island film substrates are promising for this purpose. Meanwhile, time-resolved studies, such as sub-monolayer formation of organic molecules in nL volumes, become available in microscopic or laser-based set-ups. With the adaption of modern brilliant IR sources, such as tunable and broadband IR lasers as well as frequency comb sources, possible applications of far-field IR spectroscopy inin situsensing with high lateral (sub-mm) and time (sub-s) resolution are considerably extended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoguang Sun
- ISAS-e.V., Schwarzschildstr. 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rappich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Nagasaka M, Yuzawa H, Kosugi N. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquids for Understanding Chemical Processes in Solution. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:95-105. [PMID: 31708561 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) involving excitation processes of a core electron to unoccupied states is an effective method to study local structures around excited C, N, and O atoms in liquid samples. Since soft X-rays are strongly absorbed by air and liquid itself, we have developed transmission-type liquid flow cells, where the absorbance of liquid samples can be easily reduced and optimized by controlling the liquid thickness. By using the transmission-mode XAS techniques, we have investigated local structures of several liquid samples such as concentration dependence of aqueous pyridine solutions and unexpected temperature-dependent structural changes in liquid benzene from the precise energy shift measurements in XAS spectra with the help of molecular dynamics simulation and inner-shell calculations. These XAS techniques are also applied to in situ/operando observation of chemical processes in solutions such as catalytic and electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | | | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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28
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Negahdar L, Parlett CMA, Isaacs MA, Beale AM, Wilson K, Lee AF. Shining light on the solid–liquid interface: in situ/ operando monitoring of surface catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many industrially important chemical transformations occur at the interface between a solid catalyst and liquid reactants. In situ and operando spectroscopies offer unique insight into the reactivity of such catalytically active solid–liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher M. A. Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Diamond Light Source
| | | | | | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Adam F. Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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29
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Khalil I, Celis‐Cornejo CM, Thomas K, Bazin P, Travert A, Pérez‐Martínez DJ, Baldovino‐Medrano VG, Paul JF, Maugé F. In Situ IR‐ATR Study of the Interaction of Nitrogen Heteroaromatic Compounds with HY Zeolites: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khalil
- Univ. Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS) Caen F-14050 France
| | - Carlos M. Celis‐Cornejo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis, Parque Tecnológico de GuatiguaráUniversidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta 681011 Colombia
| | - Karine Thomas
- Univ. Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS) Caen F-14050 France
| | - Philippe Bazin
- Univ. Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS) Caen F-14050 France
| | - Arnaud Travert
- Univ. Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS) Caen F-14050 France
| | | | - Víctor G. Baldovino‐Medrano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis, Parque Tecnológico de GuatiguaráUniversidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta 681011 Colombia
- Laboratorio de Ciencia de Superficies, Parque Tecnológico de GuatiguaráUniversidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta 681011 Colombia
| | - Jean François Paul
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCLCentrale Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lille F-59000 France
| | - Françoise Maugé
- Univ. Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS) Caen F-14050 France
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30
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Ren X, Gobrogge EA, Lundgren CA. Titrating Pt Surface with CO Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6306-6315. [PMID: 31518134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Identification and quantification of the surface sites on Pt nanoparticles are essential for developing more active electrocatalysts for many practical devices such as fuel cells and electrochemical fuel generators. In this work, we studied CO adsorption from dissolved CO in an H2SO4 electrolyte solution on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode held at a constant potential in the underpotential hydrogen deposition region using in situ attenuated total reflectance-surface-enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS). Slowing down the adsorption rate by limiting the CO addition rate to the solution allows the individual CO molecules arriving at the Pt surface to rearrange, move to, and occupy their most energetically favorable sites. By using ATR-SEIRAS spectroscopy to follow the stepwise CO adsorption process, one can identify and quantify the Pt surface sites along with uncovering the CO adsorption energetic sequence. This method of slow CO adsorption on the Pt surface is analogous to the chemical titrations used for quantitative chemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ren
- U.S. CCDC Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - E A Gobrogge
- U.S. CCDC Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - C A Lundgren
- U.S. CCDC Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
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31
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Lu YH, Larson JM, Baskin A, Zhao X, Ashby PD, Prendergast D, Bechtel HA, Kostecki R, Salmeron M. Infrared Nanospectroscopy at the Graphene-Electrolyte Interface. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5388-5393. [PMID: 31306028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a new methodology that enables studies of the molecular structure of graphene-liquid interfaces with nanoscale spatial resolution. It is based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy (nano-FTIR), where the infrared (IR) field is plasmonically enhanced near the tip apex of an atomic force microscope (AFM). The graphene seals a liquid electrolyte reservoir while acting also as a working electrode. The photon transparency of graphene enables IR spectroscopy studies of its interface with liquids, including water, propylene carbonate, and aqueous ammonium sulfate electrolyte solutions. We illustrate the method by comparing IR spectra obtained by nano-FTIR and attenuated total reflection (which has a detection depth of a few microns) demonstrating that the nano-FTIR method makes it possible to determine changes in speciation and ion concentration in the electric double and diffuse layers as a function of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Miquel Salmeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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32
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Kristoffersen HH, Chang JH. Effect of Competitive Adsorption at the Interface between Aqueous Electrolyte and Solid Electrode. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2019-1331.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Hyun Chang
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Davis
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904
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34
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Gould NS, Xu B. Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Pyridine on Zeolites in the Presence of Liquid Solvents. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Gould
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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35
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36
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Chen M, Maeda N, Baiker A, Huang J. Hydrogenation of Acetophenone on Pd/Silica–Alumina Catalysts with Tunable Acidity: Mechanistic Insight by In Situ ATR-IR Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nobutaka Maeda
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCl, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfons Baiker
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCl, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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37
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Roy K, Artiglia L, van Bokhoven JA. Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Opportunities in Catalysis from Solids to Liquids and Introducing Time Resolution. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
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38
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Rodríguez-García L, Walker R, Spier E, Hungerbühler K, Meemken F. Mass transfer considerations for monitoring catalytic solid–liquid interfaces under operating conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental approach for optimizing mass transfer in microreactors for operando ATR-IR spectroscopy characterization of catalytic solid–liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez-García
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Roland Walker
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Eyal Spier
- COMSOL Multiphysics GmbH
- 8005 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Fabian Meemken
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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39
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Esposito DV. Membrane-Coated Electrocatalysts—An Alternative Approach To Achieving Stable and Tunable Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Esposito
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University in the City of New York, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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40
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Gould NS, Xu B. Catalyst characterization in the presence of solvent: development of liquid phase structure-activity relationships. Chem Sci 2017; 9:281-287. [PMID: 29629097 PMCID: PMC5870052 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low volatility and highly oxygenated nature of biomass derived feedstocks, biomass upgrade reactions are frequently conducted in the presence of solvent to improve substrate mass transfer to the catalyst surface. However, relevant catalyst characterization techniques are most often performed in vacuum or inert gas environments, where the effect of solvent on the catalytic sites is ignored. Comparatively, characterization techniques in the presence of solvent are relatively rare, which poses challenges in developing structure-activity relationships for liquid phase reactions. In this perspective, commonly utilized techniques for probing the solid-liquid interface are briefly covered, with a focus on the role of solvent on zeolite and solid acid catalysis. New applications of techniques are proposed, most notably with ATR-FTIR, in the context of extracting thermodynamic information for the further understanding of the role of solvent on broadly applicable catalyst properties, such as acidity, and to develop structure-activity relationships for solid catalysts in solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Gould
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation , Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy St. , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation , Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy St. , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
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41
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Zhao J, Kalanyan B, Barton HF, Sperling BA, Parsons GN. In Situ Time-Resolved Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy for Probing Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film Growth. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:8804-8810. [PMID: 29545675 PMCID: PMC5846636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical measurements of solution/surface reactions during metal-organic framework (MOF) thin film growth can provide valuable information about the mechanistic and kinetic aspects of key reaction steps, and allow control over crystal quality and material properties. Here, we report a new approach to study the growth of MOF thin films in a flow cell using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Real-time spectra recorded during continuous flow synthesis were used to investigate the mechanism and kinetics that govern the formation of (Zn, Cu) hydroxy double salts (HDSs) from ZnO thin films and the subsequent conversion of HDS to HKUST-1. We found that both reactions follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Real-time measurements also revealed that the limited mass transport of reactants may lead to partial conversion of ZnO to HDS and therefore leaves an interfacial ZnO layer beneath the HDS film providing strong adhesion of the HKUST-1 coating to the substrate. This in situ flow-cell ATR-FTIR method is generalizable for studying the dynamic processes of MOF thin film growth, and could be used for other solid/liquid reaction systems involving thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Berc Kalanyan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
- Corresponding Author:;
| | - Heather F. Barton
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Brent A. Sperling
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Gregory N. Parsons
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
- Corresponding Author:;
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42
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Ferri D, Gaur A, Grunwaldt JD. Genesis of a Co-Salicylaldimine Complex on Silica Followed in Situ by FTIR and XAS. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2835-2839. [PMID: 28700813 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been proposed to replace soluble metallorganic complexes in organic solvents by similar molecular entities immobilized on non-reactive solids. The characterization of these complexes at atomic and molecular level during synthesis is demanding but essential to guide rational design. In the present work, the formation of cobalt salicylaldimine complex on γ-aminopropyl modified silica (SiO2 ) was monitored in ethanol on-line by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) simultaneously using two independent cells. The organic ligand was monitored by FTIR to follow the stepwise synthesis of the Co-salicylaldimine complex. The oxidation state of Co, obtained by XANES, was found to be +2, while different coordination environments were observed in the presence or absence of the pendant organic ligand produced in situ on SiO2 . EXAFS analysis inferred that the oxidation state and the local structure of the Co2+ ion on the modified SiO2 surface was similar to that of a salen-complex with four Co-O/N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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43
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Bravo-Suárez JJ, Srinivasan PD. Design characteristics of in situ and operando ultraviolet-visible and vibrational spectroscopic reaction cells for heterogeneous catalysis. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2017.1360071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Bravo-Suárez
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Priya D. Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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44
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Kraack JP, Frei A, Alberto R, Hamm P. Ultrafast Vibrational Energy Transfer in Catalytic Monolayers at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2489-2495. [PMID: 28521090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ultrafast vibrational dynamics of monolayers from adsorbed rhenium-carbonyl CO2-reduction catalysts on a semiconductor surface (indium-tin-oxide (ITO)) with ultrafast two-dimensional attenuated total reflection infrared (2D ATR IR) spectroscopy. The complexes are partially equipped with isotope-labeled (13C) carbonyl ligands to generate two spectroscopically distinguishable forms of the molecules. Ultrafast vibrational energy transfer between the molecules is observed via the temporal evolution of cross-peaks between their symmetric carbonyl stretching vibrations. These contributions appear with time constant of 70 and 90 ps for downhill and uphill energy transfer, respectively. The energy transfer is thus markedly slower than any of the other intramolecular dynamics. From the transfer rate, an intermolecular distance of ∼4-5 Å can be estimated, close to the van der Waals distance of the molecular head groups. The present paper presents an important cornerstone for a better understanding of intermolecular coupling mechanisms of molecules on surfaces and explains the absence of similar features in earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Deshmukh R, Niederberger M. Mechanistic Aspects in the Formation, Growth and Surface Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents. Chemistry 2017; 23:8542-8570. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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46
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Aguirre A, Berli CL, Collins SE. ATR-FTIR spectrokinetic analysis of the CO adsorption and oxidation at water/platinum interface. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Koichumanova K, Visan A, Geerdink B, Lammertink RG, Mojet BL, Seshan K, Lefferts L. ATR-IR spectroscopic cell for in situ studies at solid-liquid interface at elevated temperatures and pressures. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Hiltrop D, Masa J, Botz AJR, Lindner A, Schuhmann W, Muhler M. Micrometer-Precise Determination of the Thin Electrolyte Layer of a Spectroelectrochemical Cell by Microelectrode Approach Curves. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4367-4372. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Hiltrop
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry, ‡Analytical Chemistry - Center for
Electrochemical Sciences (CES), §Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Justus Masa
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry, ‡Analytical Chemistry - Center for
Electrochemical Sciences (CES), §Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander J. R. Botz
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry, ‡Analytical Chemistry - Center for
Electrochemical Sciences (CES), §Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Lindner
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry, ‡Analytical Chemistry - Center for
Electrochemical Sciences (CES), §Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry, ‡Analytical Chemistry - Center for
Electrochemical Sciences (CES), §Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry, ‡Analytical Chemistry - Center for
Electrochemical Sciences (CES), §Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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49
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Müller P, Hermans I. Applications of Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Müller
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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50
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Stößer T, Li C, Unruangsri J, Saini PK, Sablong RJ, Meier MAR, Williams CK, Koning C. Bio-derived polymers for coating applications: comparing poly(limonene carbonate) and poly(cyclohexadiene carbonate). Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two fully bio-based polycarbonates, poly(limonene carbonate) and poly(cylcohexadiene carbonate), were post-functionalized via thiol–ene reactions and tested as future coating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stößer
- Oxford Chemistry
- Chemical Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Chunliang Li
- Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven B.V. (PTG/e)
- 5600 HG Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rafaël J. Sablong
- Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven B.V. (PTG/e)
- 5600 HG Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- Materialwissenschaftliches Sentrum MSE
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | | | - Cor Koning
- Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven B.V. (PTG/e)
- 5600 HG Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- DSM Coating Resins
- 8022 AW Swolle
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