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Maggioni D, Furfaro G, Solca M, Seveso D, Galli P, Montano S. Being Safe, but Not Too Safe: A Nudibranch Feeding on a Bryozoan-Associated Hydrozoan. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Nudibranchs have a mostly carnivorous diet, and they prey on a wide variety of other animal taxa. Many species, mainly belonging to the Cladobranchia suborder, feed on cnidarians, including member of the class Hydrozoa. Several hydrozoan species display a symbiotic lifestyle, being associated with other benthic invertebrates, including for instance bryozoans, corals, octocorals, and sponges. In our knowledge, no record of nudibranch predation on symbiotic hydrozoans has been reported so far, possibly thanks to the protective action by the host towards its symbiotic hydrozoan. Here, we show the unexpected case of a nudibranch belonging to the recently described species Sakuraeolis marhe (Fernández-Simón and Moles, 2023) feeding on Zanclea sp. 2, a hydrozoan associated with the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporaria sp. This trophic association is confirmed by the presence and storage of the nematocysts into the nudibranch cnidosacs. Moreover, the nudibranch appears to selectively store mostly a single type of nematocyst, that is large size stenotele. The observation here reported represents the first well-documented record of a nudibranch feeding on a symbiotic hydrozoan and the first confirmed case of predation on Zanclea polyps. Moreover, we provide additional genetic information and the first description of the internal anatomy of S. marhe.
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Chen ZH, Guo YW, Li XW. Recent advances on marine mollusk-derived natural products: chemistry, chemical ecology and therapeutical potential. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:509-556. [PMID: 35942896 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011-2021Marine mollusks, which are well known as rich sources of diverse and biologically active natural products, have attracted significant attention from researchers due to their chemical and pharmacological properties. The occurrence of some of these marine mollusk-derived natural products in their preys, predators, and associated microorganisms has also gained interest in chemical ecology research. Based on previous reviews, herein, we present a comprehensive summary of the recent advances of interesting secondary metabolites from marine mollusks, focusing on their structural features, possible chemo-ecological significance, and promising biological activities, covering the literature from 2011 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Xu-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
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3
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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4
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Ekimova IA, Vorobyeva OA, Mikhlina AL, Schepetov DM, Vortsepneva EV, Antokhina TI, Malakhov VV. Nematocyst sequestration within the family Fionidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) considering ecological properties and evolution. Front Zool 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 36384570 PMCID: PMC9670572 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeolid nudibranchs are well-known for their ability to incorporate cnidarian nematocysts and use them for defense; this process is tightly linked with the feeding preferences of molluscs. As many nudibranch groups show signs of ecology-based adaptive radiation, studies of prey-based defensive mechanisms can provide valuable insight into details of nudibranch evolutionary history. The main goal of this study is to test the correlation of ecological traits, feeding mechanisms, and prey preferences with cnidosac fine morphology and to pinpoint the phylogenetic value of these traits. We study the cnidosac morphology in thirteen species—representatives of the main lineages within the family Fionidae s.l. The morphological analysis includes histological sections, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. For phylogenetic study, available molecular data from public repositories were used, and phylogenetic trees were produced based on Bayesian Inference and Maximum likelihood analysis for a concatenated dataset of three molecular markers (COI, 16S, H3). In general, fionid cnidosacs fit the common aeolid pattern, but among different species we detected a high variation in type of obtained nematocysts, their arrangement within cnidophages, and in number of cell types within cnidosacs. We report on presence of cellules speciale in the haemocoel of all studied species, and for the first time, we report on cells with chitinous spindles in the haemocoel of all fionids except Eubranchus. The function of both these cell types remains unknown. The loss of functional cnidosacs occurred at least three times within Fionidae, and in case of the genera Phestilla, Calma, and Fiona, this loss is linked to their non-cnidarian diet. The diversity of cnidosac fine structure within Fionidae s.l. correlates with that of the radular morphology and feeding preferences of each species. Prey shifts between cnidarian and non-cnidarian prey (both through evolutionary shifts and individual variation) rarely occur within Fionidae s.l.; however, microevolutionary shifts between different hydrozoan species within a single genus are more common. Cnidosac morphology demonstrates considerable resulting changes even when switching between similar hydrozoan species, or changing the feeding site on same prey species. These data indicate that cnidosac morphology likely follows microevolutionary prey shifts—in other words, it is affected by switches in prey species and changes in feeding sites with a single prey species. Thus, the cnidosac morphology may be a useful indicator when studying ecological features of particular species.
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5
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Kajino N, Choi KS, Hong HK. Flow cytometric characterization of the hemocytes of sea hares from tidal pools in Jeju Island off the south coast of Korea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:409-418. [PMID: 35183739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The members in the family Aplysidae known as sea hares play a crucial role as a grazer in small tidal pools or shallow subtidal hard bottoms. Like other marine gastropods, hemocyte types and functions of sea hares are limitedly known. This study identified and characterized the hemocytes of common Aplysia species Aplysia kurodai, A. juliana, and A. oculifera in rocky tidal pools in Jeju Island off the south coast of Korea using flow cytometry and light microscopy. The flow cytometry identified three different hemocytes in the hemolymph of the three sea hare species: granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. The granulocytes exhibited pseudopodia on the cell surface and granules in the cytoplasm. Morphology of the hyalinocyte was similar to that of the granulocytes, while they lack cytoplasmic granules. The blast-like cells were small and round, with very thin cytoplasm. The hyalinocytes were the most abundant in the hemolymph, accounting for 89.8-92.6% of the total hemocytes. Flow cytometry indicated that the granulocytes and blast-like cells were less than 5.6% and 5.4% of the total hemocyte populations. Flow cytometry also revealed that the granulocytes and hyalinocytes are engaged in cellular defensive activities such as intra-cellular lysosomal content, phagocytosis, and ROS production. The mean lysosomal contents of the granulocytes (0.4 × 105-0.2 × 105 A U.) were 2-3 times higher than that of hyalinocytes (0.2 × 105-0.6 × 105 A U.). In addition, the ROS production of the granulocytes (0.98 × 106-1.95 × 106 A U.) was about twice higher than that of the hyalinocytes (0.62 × 106-1.14 × 106 A U.). Of the three species of sea hares, the granulocytes showed comparatively higher phagocytosis capacity (70.4-92.3%) than that of the hyalinocytes (34.8-46.0%). Flow cytometry and microscopy indicated that the hemocyte types and their functions were identical, regardless of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Kajino
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Hong
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Karmeinski D, Meusemann K, Goodheart JA, Schroedl M, Martynov A, Korshunova T, Wägele H, Donath A. Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 34963462 PMCID: PMC8895541 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The soft-bodied cladobranch sea slugs represent roughly half of the biodiversity of marine nudibranch molluscs on the planet. Despite their global distribution from shallow waters to the deep sea, from tropical into polar seas, and their important role in marine ecosystems and for humans (as targets for drug discovery), the evolutionary history of cladobranch sea slugs is not yet fully understood. Results To enlarge the current knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships, we generated new transcriptome data for 19 species of cladobranch sea slugs and two additional outgroup taxa (Berthella plumula and Polycera quadrilineata). We complemented our taxon sampling with previously published transcriptome data, resulting in a final data set covering 56 species from all but one accepted cladobranch superfamilies. We assembled all transcriptomes using six different assemblers, selecting those assemblies that provided the largest amount of potentially phylogenetically informative sites. Quality-driven compilation of data sets resulted in four different supermatrices: two with full coverage of genes per species (446 and 335 single-copy protein-coding genes, respectively) and two with a less stringent coverage (667 genes with 98.9% partition coverage and 1767 genes with 86% partition coverage, respectively). We used these supermatrices to infer statistically robust maximum-likelihood trees. All analyses, irrespective of the data set, indicate maximal statistical support for all major splits and phylogenetic relationships at the family level. Besides the questionable position of Noumeaella rubrofasciata, rendering the Facelinidae as polyphyletic, the only notable discordance between the inferred trees is the position of Embletonia pulchra. Extensive testing using Four-cluster Likelihood Mapping, Approximately Unbiased tests, and Quartet Scores revealed that its position is not due to any informative phylogenetic signal, but caused by confounding signal. Conclusions Our data matrices and the inferred trees can serve as a solid foundation for future work on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Cladobranchia. The placement of E. pulchra, however, proves challenging, even with large data sets and various optimization strategies. Moreover, quartet mapping results show that confounding signal present in the data is sufficient to explain the inferred position of E. pulchra, again leaving its phylogenetic position as an enigma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01944-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Karmeinski
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change/ZFMK, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change/ZFMK, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany.,Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), National Facilities and Collections, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jessica A Goodheart
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Schroedl
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.,GeoBioCenter LMU und Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander Martynov
- Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Korshunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Vavilova Str. 26, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Heike Wägele
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change/ZFMK, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Donath
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change/ZFMK, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Watson WH, Bourque KMF, Sullivan JR, Miller M, Buell A, Kallins MG, Curtis NE, Pierce SK, Blackman E, Urato S, Newcomb JM. The Digestive Diverticula in the Carnivorous Nudibranch, Melibe leonina, Do Not Contain Photosynthetic Symbionts. Integr Org Biol 2021; 3:obab015. [PMID: 34337322 PMCID: PMC8319451 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of nudibranchs, including Melibe engeli and Melibe pilosa, harbor symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae. Melibe leonina spends most of its adult life on seagrass or kelp, capturing planktonic organisms in the water column with a large, tentacle-lined oral hood that brings food to its mouth. M. leonina also has an extensive network of digestive diverticula, located just beneath its translucent integument, that are typically filled with pigmented material likely derived from ingested food. Therefore, the focus of this project was to test the hypothesis that M. leonina accumulates symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates in these diverticula. First, we conducted experiments to determine if M. leonina exhibits a preference for light, which would allow chloroplasts that it might be harboring to carry out photosynthesis. We found that most M. leonina preferred shaded areas and spent less time in direct sunlight. Second, we examined the small green circular structures in cells lining the digestive diverticula. Like chlorophyll, they exhibited autofluorescence when illuminated at 480 nm, and they were also about the same size as chloroplasts and symbiotic zooxanthellae. However, subsequent electron microscopy found no evidence of chloroplasts in the digestive diverticula of M. leonina; the structures exhibiting autofluorescence at 480 nm were most likely heterolysosomes, consistent with normal molluscan digestion. Third, we did not find evidence of altered oxygen consumption or production in M. leonina housed in different light conditions, suggesting the lack of any significant photosynthetic activity in sunlight. Fourth, we examined the contents of the diverticula, using HPLC, thin layer chromatography, and spectroscopy. The results of these studies indicate that the diverticula did not contain any chlorophyll, but rather harbored other pigments, such as astaxanthin, which likely came from crustaceans in their diet. Together, all of these data suggest that M. leonina does sequester pigments from its diet, but not for the purpose of symbiosis with photosynthetic zooxanthellae. Considering the translucent skin of M. leonina, the pigmented diverticula may instead provide camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - K M F Bourque
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - J R Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - M Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A Buell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - M G Kallins
- Department of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA
| | - N E Curtis
- Department of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA
- Department of Biology, Ave Maria University, Ave Maria, FL 34142, USA
| | - S K Pierce
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - E Blackman
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - S Urato
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
| | - J M Newcomb
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
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Li XL, Li SW, Yao LG, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Guo YW. The chemical and chemo-ecological studies on Weizhou nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:554-560. [PMID: 31729061 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed chemical investigation of the nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata collected from Weizhou Island, South China Sea, yielded a new spongian-type diterpene 1, together with the four known-related compounds 2-5. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis, the comparison of the spectroscopic data with the known diterpene isoagatholactone, and the 13 C chemical shift calculation. In addition, evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the known compound 2 was, for the first time, provided by the application of time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Song-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Vorobyeva OA, Malakhov VV, Ekimova IA. General and fine structure of Aeolidia papillosa cnidosacs (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). J Morphol 2021; 282:754-768. [PMID: 33713032 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nudibranch mollusks (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) are widely known for their ability to incorporate some active biochemical compounds of their prey, or even organelles and symbionts of the prey, which assured biological success of this group. At the same time, the process of nematocysts obtaining and incorporation into specific structures called cnidosacs by cladobranch mollusks remain poorly studied. This highlights a necessity of additional ultrastructural studies of cnidosac and adjacent organs in various aeolid mollusks using modern microscopic methods as they may provide new insight into the cnidosac diversity and fine-scale dynamics of nematocysts sequestration process. The present study is focused on the general and fine structure of the cnidosac area in cladobranch Aeolidia papillosa (Aeolidiidae). Specific goals of our study were to provide a detailed description of histological and ultrafine structure of epidermis, upper parts of the digestive glands and the cnidosac, its innervation and proliferation using standard histological techniques, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy. Our results clearly demonstrated that A. papillosa cnidosac is a much more complex structure, than it was thought, especially compared with simple cnidosacs found in flabellinids and facelinids. Using CLSM for functional morphological analysis provides a better resolution in visualization of structural elements within a cnidosac compared with traditional histological techniques. We revealed the presence of two cell types in the cnidophage zone: cnidophages and interstitial cells, which differ in ultrastructure and function. Our results also document the presence of a specific cnidopore zone, lined with differentiated cuboid epithelium bearing long microvilli, which likely provides a unidirectional flow of nematocysts during kleptocnides extrusion. For the first time, occurrence of vacuoles containing protective chitinous spindles in the cnidosac epithelium was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Vorobyeva
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Malakhov
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Ekimova
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Avila C, Angulo-Preckler C. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:657. [PMID: 33371188 PMCID: PMC7767343 DOI: 10.3390/md18120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Anthony S. Cnida sequestration in aeolid nudibranchs: variability and retention time of sequestered cnidae in the opalescent sea slug, Hermissenda crassicornis (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aeolid sea slugs can isolate and store stinging cnidae obtained from their cnidarian prey, presumably for their own defence. There are 30 different varieties of cnidae, identified by their unique structure. The aeolids engulf the cnidae and store them in a functional state at the tips of their cerata. Although the process of cnida sequestration is reasonably well understood in aeolids, two critical questions remain: (1) are cnida types uniformly distributed among the cerata and (2) how long do sequestered cnidae persist? I collected opalescent sea slugs (Hermissenda crassicornis (Eschscholtz, 1831)) from Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, and determined the cnida complements in four cerata per individual by microscope. The cnida complements differed between cerata from different body regions within the individual (values of Whittaker’s dissimilarity index from 2.5% to 36.3%). Furthermore, the cnidae varieties in low abundances are not consistently present within an individual. I also found that H. crassicornis fed a non-cnidarian diet lost cnidae over time, but the cnidarian-fed individuals did not: 3 of 10 H. crassicornis on the non-cnidarian diet lacked cnidae completely at 42 days. Future studies of cnida sequestration should be mindful that one ceras does not give an adequate representation of the distribution of sequestered cnidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Anthony
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
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12
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Bogdanov A, Papu A, Kehraus S, Cruesemann M, Wägele H, König GM. Metabolome of the Phyllidiella pustulosa Species Complex (Nudibranchia, Heterobranchia, Gastropoda) Reveals Rare Dichloroimidic Sesquiterpene Derivatives from a Phylogenetically Distinct and Undescribed Clade. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2785-2796. [PMID: 32910650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phyllidiid nudibranchs are brightly colored gastropod mollusks, frequently encountered in coral reefs of the tropical Indo-Pacific. The lack of a protective shell is suggested to be compensated by toxic secondary metabolites that are sequestered from specific prey sponges. Our ongoing reconstruction of phyllidiid phylogeny using molecular data of more than 700 specimens, based on published data and newly collected specimens in various seasons and localities around North Sulawesi (Indonesia), demonstrates that Phyllidiella pustulosa is a species complex with at least seven well-supported clades. A metabolomic analysis of 52 specimens from all seven clades of P. pustulosa was performed. Secondary metabolite profiles were found to correlate with the phylogenetic study and not the prevailing food sponges as expected. GNPS molecular networking revealed a unique chemotype in clade 6. Detailed chemical analysis of a specimen from this chemically and genetically distinct P. pustulosa clade led to the identification of seven new sesquiterpenoids with a rare dichloroimidic moiety (1 and 4) and derivatives thereof (2, 3, 5-7). Our findings suggest that P. pustulosa clades should be raised to the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Adelfia Papu
- Center of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Cruesemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Center of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Togawa Y, Shinji J, Fukatsu T, Miura T. Development of Cerata in the Cladobranchian Sea Slug Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). Zoolog Sci 2019; 36:387-394. [PMID: 33319962 DOI: 10.2108/zs190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cladobranchian sea slugs are characterized by a number of dorsal projections, called "cerata," which are presumably involved in such biological functions as kleptocnidal defense, gas exchange, and symbiotic photosynthesis. Here, we investigated the developmental pattern of ceras formation in a cladobranchian, Pteraeolidia semperi, using field-collected individuals at various postembryonic developmental stages. As the body length increased, the total number of cerata increased in a logistic manner, up to 280 per individual. On the dorsal side of the body, the cerata exhibited a conspicuous formation of repeated, laterally-paired clusters, or rows, along the antero-posterior axis of the animals. As the body length increased, the number of ceras rows increased in a logistic manner, reaching a plateau at around 15 rows per individual. Two types of ceras clusters were observed: well-developed ceras clusters forming a glove-like structure with a basal bulge, which tended to be found in larger animals and at the anterior body region, and less-developed ceras clusters without the bulge, which tended to be found in smaller animals and at the posterior body region. Statistical and simulation analyses suggested that bulge formation underlies increased ceras number, even after the plateaued formation of new ceras rows. These results indicate that, in the postembryonic development of P. semperi, the increase of dorsal cerata entails the following processes: (i) increase of the number of ceras rows, (ii) formation of the basal bulge in each ceras cluster, and (iii) increase of the number of cerata per ceras cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Togawa
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Junpei Shinji
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Toru Miura
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan,
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14
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Goodheart JA, Bleidißel S, Schillo D, Strong EE, Ayres DL, Preisfeld A, Collins AG, Cummings MP, Wägele H. Comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac in Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia). Front Zool 2018; 15:43. [PMID: 30473719 PMCID: PMC6234619 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of shelled and shell-less gastropods are known to use multiple defensive mechanisms, including internally generated or externally obtained biochemically active compounds and structures. Within Nudipleura, nudibranchs within Cladobranchia possess such a special defense: the ability to sequester cnidarian nematocysts - small capsules that can inject venom into the tissues of other organisms. This ability is distributed across roughly 600 species within Cladobranchia, and many questions still remain in regard to the comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac - the structure that houses sequestered nematocysts (called kleptocnides). In this paper, we describe cnidosac morphology across the main groups of Cladobranchia in which it occurs, and place variation in its structure in a phylogenetic context to better understand the evolution of nematocyst sequestration. Results Overall, we find that the length, size and structure of the entrance to the cnidosac varies more than expected based on previous work, as does the structure of the exit, the musculature surrounding the cnidosac, and the position and orientation of the kleptocnides. The sequestration of nematocysts has originated at least twice within Cladobranchia based on the phylogeny presented here using 94 taxa and 409 genes. Conclusions The cnidosac is not homologous to cnidosac-like structures found in Hancockiidae. Additionally, the presence of a sac at the distal end of the digestive gland may have originated prior to the sequestration of nematocysts. This study provides a more complete picture of variation in, and evolution of, morphological characters associated with nematocyst sequestration in Cladobranchia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Goodheart
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.,2NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-153, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.,3Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 163, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA.,4Present address: Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Sabrina Bleidißel
- 5Zoology and Didactics of Biology, University of Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schillo
- 6Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ellen E Strong
- 3Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 163, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
| | - Daniel L Ayres
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Angelika Preisfeld
- 5Zoology and Didactics of Biology, University of Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Allen G Collins
- 2NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-153, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Michael P Cummings
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Heike Wägele
- 6Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Profiling of Heterobranchia Sea Slugs from Portuguese Coastal Waters as Producers of Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051027. [PMID: 29702573 PMCID: PMC6100031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprospection of marine invertebrates has been predominantly biased by the biological richness of tropical regions, thus neglecting macro-organisms from temperate ecosystems. Species that were not the object of studies on their biochemical composition include the Heterobranchia gastropods Armina maculata, Armina tigrina and Aglaja tricolorata, inhabitants of the Portuguese Atlantic coastal waters. Here, we present for the first time the fatty acid profile of neutral lipids and homarine content of these three species. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the fatty acid content among species points to the existence of a fatty acid profile of neutral lipids, particularly of each genus. The results from cytotoxicity assays, using the acetonic extracts of the gastropods on human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines, revealed a pronounced cytotoxic effect of the A. tigrina extract on both cell lines (IC50 values of 68.75 and 69.77 μg mL−1 for AGS and A549, respectively). It is worth noting the significant reduction of NO levels in LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to A. tricolorata extract, at concentrations as low as 125 μg mL−1.
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16
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Birringer M, Siems K, Maxones A, Frank J, Lorkowski S. Natural 6-hydroxy-chromanols and -chromenols: structural diversity, biosynthetic pathways and health implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4803-4841. [PMID: 35539527 PMCID: PMC9078042 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive and systematic review on the structurally diverse toco-chromanols and -chromenols found in photosynthetic organisms, including marine organisms, and as metabolic intermediates in animals. The focus of this work is on the structural diversity of chromanols and chromenols that result from various side chain modifications. We describe more than 230 structures that derive from a 6-hydroxy-chromanol- and 6-hydroxy-chromenol core, respectively, and comprise di-, sesqui-, mono- and hemiterpenes. We assort the compounds into a structure-activity relationship with special emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities of the congeners. This review covers the literature published from 1970 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH Hermannswerder Haus 17 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Maxones
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim Garbenstr. 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
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17
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Fisch KM, Hertzer C, Böhringer N, Wuisan ZG, Schillo D, Bara R, Kaligis F, Wägele H, König GM, Schäberle TF. The Potential of Indonesian Heterobranchs Found around Bunaken Island for the Production of Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E384. [PMID: 29215579 PMCID: PMC5742844 DOI: 10.3390/md15120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The species diversity of marine heterobranch sea slugs found on field trips around Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) and adjacent islands of the Bunaken National Marine Park forms the basis of this review. In a survey performed in 2015, 80 species from 23 families were collected, including 17 new species. Only three of these have been investigated previously in studies from Indonesia. Combining species diversity with a former study from 2003 reveals in total 140 species from this locality. The diversity of bioactive compounds known and yet to be discovered from these organisms is summarized and related to the producer if known or suspected (might it be down the food chain, de novo synthesised from the slug or an associated bacterium). Additionally, the collection of microorganisms for the discovery of natural products of pharmacological interest from this hotspot of biodiversity that is presented here contains more than 50 species that have never been investigated before in regard to bioactive secondary metabolites. This highlights the great potential of the sea slugs and the associated microorganisms for the discovery of natural products of pharmacological interest from this hotspot of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Fisch
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Zerlina G Wuisan
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Schillo
- Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Robert Bara
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Fontje Kaligis
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Heike Wägele
- Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Goodheart JA, Bazinet AL, Valdés Á, Collins AG, Cummings MP. Prey preference follows phylogeny: evolutionary dietary patterns within the marine gastropod group Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:221. [PMID: 29073890 PMCID: PMC5659023 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of predator-prey interactions on the evolution of many marine invertebrates is poorly understood. Since barriers to genetic exchange are less obvious in the marine realm than in terrestrial or freshwater systems, non-allopatric divergence may play a fundamental role in the generation of biodiversity. In this context, shifts between major prey types could constitute important factors explaining the biodiversity of marine taxa, particularly in groups with highly specialized diets. However, the scarcity of marine specialized consumers for which reliable phylogenies exist hampers attempts to test the role of trophic specialization in evolution. In this study, RNA-Seq data is used to produce a phylogeny of Cladobranchia, a group of marine invertebrates that feed on a diverse array of prey taxa but mostly specialize on cnidarians. The broad range of prey type preferences allegedly present in two major groups within Cladobranchia suggest that prey type shifts are relatively common over evolutionary timescales. Results In the present study, we generated a well-supported phylogeny of the major lineages within Cladobranchia using RNA-Seq data, and used ancestral state reconstruction analyses to better understand the evolution of prey preference. These analyses answered several fundamental questions regarding the evolutionary relationships within Cladobranchia, including support for a clade of species from Arminidae as sister to Tritoniidae (which both preferentially prey on Octocorallia). Ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported a cladobranchian ancestor with a preference for Hydrozoa and show that the few transitions identified only occur from lineages that prey on Hydrozoa to those that feed on other types of prey. Conclusions There is strong phylogenetic correlation with prey preference within Cladobranchia, suggesting that prey type specialization within this group has inertia. Shifts between different types of prey have occurred rarely throughout the evolution of Cladobranchia, indicating that this may not have been an important driver of the diversity within this group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-017-1066-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Goodheart
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-153, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.
| | - Adam L Bazinet
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Present address: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, 8300 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ángel Valdés
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 W Temple Ave, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Allen G Collins
- NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-153, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Michael P Cummings
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Ciavatta ML, García-Matucheski S, Carbone M, Villani G, Nicotera MR, Muniain C, Gavagnin M. Chemistry of Two Distinct Aeolid Spurilla
Species: Ecological Implications. Chem Biodivers 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Stella García-Matucheski
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Campus Miguelete 1650 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Guido Villani
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Nicotera
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Claudia Muniain
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Campus Miguelete 1650 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
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20
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Bogdanov A, Hertzer C, Kehraus S, Nietzer S, Rohde S, Schupp PJ, Wägele H, König GM. Defensive Diterpene from the Aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:611-615. [PMID: 26649919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllodesmium is a tropical marine slug genus with about 30 described species. None of them have a protective shell, and all of them feed on octocorals that are generally known to provide defensive compounds and thus help to defend the naked slugs against sympatric predators, such as fish, crabs, cephalopods, and echinoderms. Phyllodesmium longicirrum is the species that grows the biggest and that is least protected by camouflage on its respective food, usually a soft coral of the genus Sarcophyton. Investigation of the lipophilic extract of a single specimen of P. longicirrum from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) led to the isolation of four new polycyclic diterpenes. Compound 1 showed significant deterrent activity in a fish feeding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig , Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Goodheart JA, Bazinet AL, Collins AG, Cummings MP. Relationships within Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) based on RNA-Seq data: an initial investigation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150196. [PMID: 26473045 PMCID: PMC4593679 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) is a diverse (approx. 1000 species) but understudied group of sea slug molluscs. In order to fully comprehend the diversity of nudibranchs and the evolution of character traits within Cladobranchia, a solid understanding of evolutionary relationships is necessary. To date, only two direct attempts have been made to understand the evolutionary relationships within Cladobranchia, neither of which resulted in well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses. In addition to these studies, several others have addressed some of the relationships within this clade while investigating the evolutionary history of more inclusive groups (Nudibranchia and Euthyneura). However, all of the resulting phylogenetic hypotheses contain conflicting topologies within Cladobranchia. In this study, we address some of these long-standing issues regarding the evolutionary history of Cladobranchia using RNA-Seq data (transcriptomes). We sequenced 16 transcriptomes and combined these with four transcriptomes from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive. Transcript assembly using Trinity and orthology determination using HaMStR yielded 839 orthologous groups for analysis. These data provide a well-supported and almost fully resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for Cladobranchia. Our results support the monophyly of Cladobranchia and the sub-clade Aeolidida, but reject the monophyly of Dendronotida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Goodheart
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-153, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Adam L. Bazinet
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Allen G. Collins
- NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-153, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Michael P. Cummings
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Salvitti LR, Wood SA, Winsor L, Cary SC. Intracellular immunohistochemical detection of tetrodotoxin in Pleurobranchaea maculata (Gastropoda) and Stylochoplana sp. (Turbellaria). Mar Drugs 2015; 13:756-69. [PMID: 25636158 PMCID: PMC4344600 DOI: 10.3390/md13020756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), is a potent neurotoxin targeting sodium channels that has been identified in multiple marine and terrestrial organisms. It was recently detected in the Opisthobranch Pleurobranchaea maculata and a Platyhelminthes Stylochoplana sp. from New Zealand. Knowledge on the distribution of TTX within these organisms is important to assist in elucidating the origin and ecological role of this toxin. Intracellular micro-distribution of TTX was investigated using a monoclonal antibody-based immunoenzymatic technique. Tetrodotoxin was strongly localized in neutral mucin cells and the basement membrane of the mantle, the oocytes and follicles of the gonad tissue, and in the digestive tissue of P. maculata. The ova and pharynx were the only two structures to contain TTX in Stylochoplana sp. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, TTX was identified in the larvae and eggs, but not the gelatinous egg cases of P. maculata. Tetrodotoxin was present in egg masses of Stylochoplana sp. These data suggest that TTX has a defensive function in adult P. maculata, who then invest this in their progeny for protection. Localization in the digestive tissue of P. maculata potentially indicates a dietary source of TTX. Stylochoplana sp. may use TTX in prey capture and for the protection of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Salvitti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Leigh Winsor
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Stephen Craig Cary
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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Bogdanov A, Kehraus S, Bleidissel S, Preisfeld G, Schillo D, Piel J, Brachmann AO, Wägele H, König GM. Defense in the aeolidoidean genus Phyllodesmium (Gastropoda). J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1013-24. [PMID: 25244950 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The genus Phyllodesmium (Aeolidoidea, Gastropoda) comprises shell-less marine snails, whose defense strategies are not well investigated yet. Here we report results of the first chemical investigation of P. briareum, as well as a re-investigation of P. longicirrum and P. magnum. Briarane diterpenes were isolated from P. briareum, and their origin could be traced to its prey organism Briareum sp. (Octocorallia). Considerable enrichment of the soft coral secondary metabolites in the slug was shown. Re-investigation of P. magnum led to isolation of cembrane diterpenes, 2-phenylethylamide, and furano sesquiterpenes. Sequestration of chemicals seems to have influenced speciation and evolution of Phyllodesmium species. Structural similarity or dissimilarity of particular slug metabolites suggests a closer, or more distant relationship of the respective Phyllodesmium taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Maia LF, Ferreira GR, Costa RCC, Lucas NC, Teixeira RI, Fleury BG, Edwards HGM, de Oliveira LFC. Raman Spectroscopic Study of Antioxidant Pigments from Cup Corals Tubastraea spp. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3429-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501278w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenize F. Maia
- NEEM
Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz
de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilson R. Ferreira
- NEEM
Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz
de Fora, MG, Brazil
- Faculdade
de Ciências
Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus - SUPREMA, 36033-003 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Regina C. C. Costa
- NEEM
Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz
de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Nanci C. Lucas
- Instituto
de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo I. Teixeira
- Instituto
de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G. Fleury
- Departamento
de Ecologia, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20559-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Howell G. M. Edwards
- Centre
for Astrobiology and Extremophile Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz F. C. de Oliveira
- NEEM
Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz
de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Obermann D, Bickmeyer U, Wägele H. Incorporated nematocysts in Aeolidiella stephanieae (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Aeolidoidea) mature by acidification shown by the pH sensitive fluorescing alkaloid Ageladine A. Toxicon 2012; 60:1108-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Putz A, Kehraus S, Díaz-Agras G, Wägele H, König GM. Dotofide, a Guanidine-Interrupted Terpenoid from the Marine Slug Doto pinnatifida (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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