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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Okai V, Chahul HF, Shikler R. Enhancement of Power Conversion Efficiency of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Using Green Synthesized Au–Ag Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061482. [PMID: 36987263 PMCID: PMC10054774 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic-based photovoltaics are excellent candidates for renewable energy alternatives to fossil fuels due to their low weight, low manufacturing cost, and, in recent years, high efficiency, which is now above 18%. However, one cannot ignore the environmental price of the fabrication procedure due to the usage of toxic solvents and high-energy input equipment. In this work, we report on the enhancement of the power conversion efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells by incorporating green synthesised Au–Ag nanoparticles, using onion bulb extract, into the hole transport layer poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) of Poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3 fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]: 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (PTB7-Th: ITIC) bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. Red onion has been reported to contain quercetin, which serves as a capping agent that covers bare metal nanoparticles, thus reducing exciton quenching. We found that the optimized volume ratio of NPs to PEDOT: PSS is 0.06:1. At this ratio, a 24.7% enhancement in power conversion efficiency of the cell is observed, corresponding to a 9.11% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This enhancement is due to an increase in the generated photocurrent and a decrease in the serial resistance and recombination, as extracted from the fitting of the experimental data to a non-ideal single diode solar cell model. It is expected that the same procedure can be applied to other non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells, leading to an even higher efficiency with minimal effect on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Okai
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B. 2373, Benue Sate, Nigeria
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Habibat Faith Chahul
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B. 2373, Benue Sate, Nigeria
| | - Rafi Shikler
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse-Katz Nanocenter, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Iraqi A, Nofal MM, Murad AR, M. Hussein A. A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010164. [PMID: 36616512 PMCID: PMC9853510 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels and energy band gap (EBG) to achieve the desired photovoltaic performance. The formation of bonds and the delocalization of electrons over conjugated chains are both explained by the molecular orbital theory (MOT). The intrinsic characteristics that classify conjugated polymers as semiconducting materials come from the EBG of organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A ↔ D+ = A-) forms across the major backbones of the polymer as a result of alternating donor-acceptor segments contributing to the pull-push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in a smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one of the most crucial factors in achieving excellent performance of the polymer is improving the morphology of the active layer. In order to improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge transport, the nanoscale morphology ensures nanometer phase separation between donor and acceptor components in the active layer. It was demonstrated that because of the exciton's short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10-20 nm) are needed for all photo-generated excitons to reach the interfacial region where they can separate into free charge carriers. There is a comprehensive explanation of the architecture of organic solar cells using single layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all have a significant impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Since the BHJ concept was first proposed, significant advancement and quick configuration development of these devices have been accomplished. Due to their ability to combine great optical and electronic properties with strong thermal and chemical stability, conjugated polymers are unique semiconducting materials that are used in a wide range of applications. According to the fundamental operating theories of OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such as silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices are unable to produce free carrier charges (holes and electrons). To overcome the Coulombic attraction and separate the excitons into free charges in the interfacial region, organic semiconductors require an additional thermodynamic driving force. From the molecular engineering of conjugated polymers, it was discovered that the most crucial obstacles to achieving the most desirable properties are the design and synthesis of conjugated polymers toward optimal p-type materials. Along with plastic solar cells (PSCs), these materials have extended to a number of different applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, the topics of fluorene and carbazole as donor units in conjugated polymers are covered. The Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions widely used to synthesize alternating D-A copolymers are also presented. Moreover, conjugated polymers based on anthracene that can be used in solar cells are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. S. Al-Azzawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 00964, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Solution-processed Molybdenum Oxide Hole Transport Layer Stabilizes Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The Role of the Electron Transport Layer in the Degradation of Organic Photovoltaic Cells. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in extending the operational lifespan of organic photovoltaic devices. ZnO is an excellent electron transport layer used in the printable organic photovoltaic cells. A comparison of Ca and ZnO as the ETL in encapsulated bulk heterojunction OPV devices has been undertaken with the device stability dependence on light soaking, temperature, irradiance, and thermal cycling recorded. It was observed that the OPV devices using Ca ETL decayed faster than the ZnO ETL devices under the same light illumination. The degradation in a Ca ETL device is ascribed to the formation of an insulating calcium oxide layer at the ETL interfaces. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed a higher PL signal for the degraded Ca ETL devices compared to the ZnO ETL devices. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ZnO ETL devices was found to be much more stable than the Ca devices. The PCE for ZnO ETL devices still retained 40% of their initial value while the Ca ETL devices failed completely over the period of 18 days in the study, leading to a clear outcome of the study.
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Anrango-Camacho C, Pavón-Ipiales K, Frontana-Uribe BA, Palma-Cando A. Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:443. [PMID: 35159788 PMCID: PMC8840354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Global energy demand is increasing; thus, emerging renewable energy sources, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), are fundamental to mitigate the negative effects of fuel consumption. Within OSC's advancements, the development of efficient and stable interface materials is essential to achieve high performance, long-term stability, low costs, and broader applicability. Inorganic and nanocarbon-based materials show a suitable work function, tunable optical/electronic properties, stability to the presence of moisture, and facile solution processing, while organic conducting polymers and small molecules have some advantages such as fast and low-cost production, solution process, low energy payback time, light weight, and less adverse environmental impact, making them attractive as hole transporting layers (HTLs) for OSCs. This review looked at the recent progress in metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocarbon materials, conducting polymers, and small organic molecules as HTLs in OSCs over the past five years. The endeavors in research and technology have optimized the preparation and deposition methods of HTLs. Strategies of doping, composite/hybrid formation, and modifications have also tuned the optical/electrical properties of these materials as HTLs to obtain efficient and stable OSCs. We highlighted the impact of structure, composition, and processing conditions of inorganic and organic materials as HTLs in conventional and inverted OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Anrango-Camacho
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
| | - Karla Pavón-Ipiales
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEMex-UNAM, Carretera Toluca Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico;
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
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Bi P, Zhang S, Wang J, Ren J, Hou J. Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Park KH, Jung S, Kim J, Ko BM, Shim WG, Hong SJ, Song SH. Boosting Photovoltaic Performance in Organic Solar Cells by Manipulating the Size of MoS 2 Quantum Dots as a Hole-Transport Material. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061464. [PMID: 34205908 PMCID: PMC8228263 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of photoactive materials and interface engineering between organic/inorganic layers play a critical role in achieving enhanced performance in energy-harvesting devices. Two-dimensional transitional dichalcogenides (TMDs) with excellent optical and electronic properties are promising candidates in this regard. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of size-controlled MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and present fundamental studies of their optical properties and their application as a hole-transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Optical and structural analyses reveal that the as-prepared MoS2 QDs show a fluorescence mechanism with respect to the quantum confinement effect and intrinsic/extrinsic states. Moreover, when incorporated into a photovoltaic device, the MoS2 QDs exhibit a significantly enhanced performance (5/10-nanometer QDs: 8.30%/7.80% for PTB7 and 10.40%/10.17% for PTB7-Th, respectively) compared to those of the reference device (7.24% for PTB7 and 9.49% for PTB7-Th). We confirm that the MoS2 QDs clearly offer enhanced transport characteristics ascribed to higher hole-mobility and smoother root mean square (Rq) as a hole-extraction material. This approach can enable significant advances and facilitate a new avenue for realizing high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 32588, Korea; (K.H.P.); (S.J.); (B.-M.K.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Sunggyeong Jung
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 32588, Korea; (K.H.P.); (S.J.); (B.-M.K.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Jungmo Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Jeongiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51543, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Min Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 32588, Korea; (K.H.P.); (S.J.); (B.-M.K.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Wang-Geun Shim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon-si 57922, Korea;
| | - Soon-Jik Hong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 32588, Korea; (K.H.P.); (S.J.); (B.-M.K.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Sung Ho Song
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 32588, Korea; (K.H.P.); (S.J.); (B.-M.K.); (S.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-041-521-9379
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Han X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li T, Xing J, Zuo X, Lin Y. Co 2+-Tuned Tin Oxide Interfaces for Enhanced Stability of Organic Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3173-3179. [PMID: 33657318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electron transport layers (ETLs) are one of the crucial factors for realizing the high performance of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). In inverted OSCs, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a widely used n-type semiconductor as the ETL material. However, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, ZnO induces decomposition of organic materials. Tin dioxide (SnO2) has higher conductivity, higher electron mobility, wider bandgap, and weaker absorption of UV light, which is thought to be one of the promising ETLs. Unfortunately, a SnO2 ETL is suffering from high work function (WF), which greatly decreases the ability of charge transport and collection. Here, we induce a facile strategy to reduce the WF of SnO2 by Co2+ tuning. The Co2+-tuned SnO2 exhibits a low WF of 3.64 eV, holding high transmittance and high conductivity. The OSCs based on PM6:Y6 with a Co2+-SnO2 ETL show a notable power conversion efficiency of 15.3%, which is superior to those of the OSCs with ZnO and SnO2 ETLs. The OSCs with a Co2+-SnO2 ETL under continuous UV light and light-emitting diode irradiation exhibit a more robust photostability relative to OSCs with pristine SnO2 ETLs. The trap densities of Co2+-SnO2 films are lower than that of the SnO2 film, which may contribute to enhanced stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaona Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chen Q, Wang C, Li Y, Chen L. Interfacial Dipole in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18281-18292. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Bhattacharyya D, Montenegro A, Dhar P, Mammetkuliyev M, Pankow RM, Jung MC, Thompson ME, Thompson BC, Benderskii AV. Molecular Orientation of Poly-3-hexylthiophene at the Buried Interface with Fullerene. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1757-1762. [PMID: 30908051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orientation at the donor-acceptor interface plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of organic semiconductor materials. We have used vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy to determine the orientation of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) at the planar buried interface with fullerene (C60). The thiophene rings of P3HT have been found to tilt significantly toward C60, making an average angle θ ≈ 49° ± 10° between the plane of the ring and the interface. Such tilt may be attributed to π-π stacking interactions between P3HT and C60 and may facilitate efficient charge transfer between donor and acceptor. Upon annealing, the thiophene rings tilt away from the interface by Δθ = 12-19°. This may be attributed to higher crystallinity of annealed P3HT that propagates all the way to the interface, resulting in more "edge-on" orientation, which is consistent with the observed red-shift by ∼6 cm-1 and spectral narrowing of the C=C stretch bands.
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Bellani S, Antognazza MR, Bonaccorso F. Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801446. [PMID: 30221413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III-V group and II-VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper-based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon-based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon-based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge-selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the state-of-the-art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high-troughput, cost-effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light-trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional Srl, via Albisola 121, 16163, Genova, Italy
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Koçak O, Duru IP, Yavuz I. Charge Transfer and Interface Effects in Co‐Assembled Circular Donor/Acceptor Complexes for Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olkan Koçak
- Department of PhysicsMarmara University 34722 Ziverbey Istanbul Turkey
| | - Izzet Paruğ Duru
- Department of PhysicsMarmara University 34722 Ziverbey Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of PhysicsMarmara University 34722 Ziverbey Istanbul Turkey
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Pereira HJ, Hatton RA. Copper Substrate Electrode for Efficient Top-illuminated Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43-48. [PMID: 30565451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is now recognized that for solution processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to be manufactured on a large scale the thickness of the photoactive layer must be substantially increased beyond the currently used ≤150 nm. We show that copper can replace silver as the reflective substrate electrode in high performance top-illuminated OPVs without compromising device power conversion efficiency when the photoactive layer is thick enough to absorb the majority of incident photons on the first pass through the photoactive layer. Copper is one hundredth of the cost of Ag, enabling a significant reduction in the bill of materials for OPV manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jessica Pereira
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , CV4 7AL , Coventry , United Kingdom
| | - Ross A Hatton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , CV4 7AL , Coventry , United Kingdom
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16
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Najafi L, Taheri B, Martín-García B, Bellani S, Di Girolamo D, Agresti A, Oropesa-Nuñez R, Pescetelli S, Vesce L, Calabrò E, Prato M, Del Rio Castillo AE, Di Carlo A, Bonaccorso F. MoS 2 Quantum Dot/Graphene Hybrids for Advanced Interface Engineering of a CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cell with an Efficiency of over 20. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10736-10754. [PMID: 30240189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays a pivotal role in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In fact, the perovskite photoactive layer needs to work synergistically with the other functional components of the cell, such as charge transporting/active buffer layers and electrodes. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional materials (GRMs) are promising candidates to tune "on demand" the interface properties of PSCs. In this work, we fully exploit the potential of GRMs by controlling the optoelectronic properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrids both as hole transport layer (HTL) and active buffer layer (ABL) in mesoscopic methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite (MAPbI3)-based PSCs. We show that zero-dimensional MoS2 quantum dots (MoS2 QDs), derived by liquid phase exfoliated MoS2 flakes, provide both hole-extraction and electron-blocking properties. In fact, on one hand, intrinsic n-type doping-induced intraband gap states effectively extract the holes through an electron injection mechanism. On the other hand, quantum confinement effects increase the optical band gap of MoS2 (from 1.4 eV for the flakes to >3.2 eV for QDs), raising the minimum energy of its conduction band (from -4.3 eV for the flakes to -2.2 eV for QDs) above the one of the conduction band of MAPbI3 (between -3.7 and -4 eV) and hindering electron collection. The van der Waals hybridization of MoS2 QDs with functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-RGO), obtained by chemical silanization-induced linkage between RGO and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, is effective to homogenize the deposition of HTLs or ABLs onto the perovskite film, since the two-dimensional nature of RGO effectively plugs the pinholes of the MoS2 QD films. Our "graphene interface engineering" (GIE) strategy based on van der Waals MoS2 QD/graphene hybrids enables MAPbI3-based PSCs to achieve a PCE up to 20.12% (average PCE of 18.8%). The possibility to combine quantum and chemical effects into GIE, coupled with the recent success of graphene and GRMs as interfacial layer, represents a promising approach for the development of next-generation PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Najafi
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- BeDimensional Srl. , Via Albisola 121 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Calabrò
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | | | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy , National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Leninskiy Prosect 6 , 119049 Moscow , Russia
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- BeDimensional Srl. , Via Albisola 121 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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17
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Mezzetti A, Fumagalli F, Alfano A, Iadicicco D, Antognazza MR, di Fonzo F. Stable hybrid organic/inorganic photocathodes for hydrogen evolution with amorphous WO 3 hole selective contacts. Faraday Discuss 2018; 198:433-448. [PMID: 28272631 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical H2 production through hybrid organic/inorganic interfaces exploits the capability of polymeric absorbers to drive photo-induced electron transfer to an electrocatalyst in a water environment. Photoelectrode architectures based on solution-processed organic semiconductors are now emerging as low-cost alternatives to crystalline inorganic semiconductors based on Si, oxides and III-V alloys. In this work, we demonstrate that the stability of a hybrid organic/inorganic photocathode, employing a P3HT:PCBM blend as photoactive material, can be considerably improved by introducing an electrochemically stable WO3 hole selective layer, paired with a TiO2 electron selective layer. This hybrid photoelectrode exhibits a photocurrent of 2.48 mA cm-2 at 0 VRHE, +0.56 VRHE onset potential and a state-of the art operational activity of more than 10 hours. This work gives the perspective that photoelectrodes based on organic semiconductors, coupled with proper inorganic selective contacts, represent a sound new option for the efficient and durable photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energy into fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mezzetti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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18
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Xue R, Zhang J, Li Y, Li Y. Organic Solar Cell Materials toward Commercialization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801793. [PMID: 30106505 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) have received considerable attention with significant progress recently and offer a promising outlook for portable energy resources and building-integrated photovoltaics in the future. Now, it is urgent to promote the research of OSCs toward their commercialization. For the commercial application of OSCs, it is of great importance to develop high performance, high stability, and low cost photovoltaic materials. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the fundamental requirements of photoactive layer materials and interface layer materials toward commercialization is provided, mainly focusing on high performance, green manufacturing, simplifying device fabrication processes, stability, and cost issues. Furthermore, the perspectives and opportunities for this emerging field of materials science and engineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongming Xue
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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19
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Suzuki M, Yamaguchi Y, Uchinaga K, Takahira K, Quinton C, Yamamoto S, Nagami N, Furukawa M, Nakayama KI, Yamada H. A photochemical layer-by-layer solution process for preparing organic semiconducting thin films having the right material at the right place. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6614-6621. [PMID: 30310593 PMCID: PMC6115635 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild and versatile solution process enables the controlled preparation of multicomponent organic small-molecule thin films.
The synergistic action of properly integrated semiconducting materials can bring about sophisticated electronic processes and functions. However, it is often a great challenge to achieve optimal performance in organic devices because of the limited control over the distribution of different materials in active layers. Here, we employ a unique photoreaction-based layer-by-layer solution process for preparing ternary organic photovoltaic layers. This process is applicable to a variety of compounds from wide-band-gap small molecules to narrow-band-gap π-extended systems, and enables the preparation of multicomponent organic semiconducting thin films having the right compound at the right place. The resulting ternary photovoltaic devices afford high internal quantum efficiencies, leading to an approximately two times higher power-conversion efficiency as compared to the corresponding binary bulk-heterojunction system. This work opens up new possibilities in designing materials and active layers for solution-processed organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Department of Organic Device Engineering , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Kensuke Uchinaga
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Katsuya Takahira
- Department of Organic Device Engineering , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Cassandre Quinton
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Shinpei Yamamoto
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Naoto Nagami
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Mari Furukawa
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Organic Device Engineering , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan.,Department of Material and Life Science , Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan, E-mail:
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
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20
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Brebels J, Kesters J, Defour M, Pirotte G, Van Mele B, Manca J, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Maes W. A PCPDTTPD-based narrow bandgap conjugated polyelectrolyte for organic solar cells. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Ji G, Wang Y, Luo Q, Han K, Xie M, Zhang L, Wu N, Lin J, Xiao S, Li YQ, Luo LQ, Ma CQ. Fully Coated Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with a Doctor-Blade-Coated Composite Anode Buffer Layer of Phosphomolybdic Acid and PEDOT:PSS and a Spray-Coated Silver Nanowire Top Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:943-954. [PMID: 29200264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the aim to realize high performance semitransparent fully coated organic solar cells, printable electrode buffer layers and top electrodes are two important key technologies. An ideal ink for the preparation of the electrode buffer layer for printed top electrodes should have good wettability and negligible solvent corrosion to the underlying layer. This work reports a novel organic-inorganic composite of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and PEDOT:PSS that features excellent wettability with the active layer and printed top Ag nanowires and high resistibility to solvent corrosion. This composite buffer layer can be easily deposited on a polymer surface to form a smooth, homogeneous film via spin-coating or doctor-blade coating. Through the use of this composite anode buffer layer, fully coated semitransparent devices with doctor-blade-coated functional layers and spray-coated Ag nanowire top electrodes showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.01% with an excellent average visible-light transmittance (AVT) of 50.3%, demonstrating superior overall characteristics with a comparable performance to and a much higher AVT than cells based on a thermally evaporated MoO3/Ag/MoO3 thin film electrode (with a PCE of 5.77% and AVT of 19.5%). The current work reports the fabrication of fully coated inverted organic solar cells by combining doctor-blade coating and spray coating and, more importantly, demonstrates that a nanocomposite of a polyoxometalate and conjugated polymer could be an excellent anode buffer layer for the fully coated polymer solar cells with favorable interfacial contact, hole extraction efficiency, and high comparability with full printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Ji
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kang Han
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Menglan Xie
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lianping Zhang
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Na Wu
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lin
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shugang Xiao
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Printable Electronic Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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22
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Wu M, Zhou J, Luo Y, Zheng N, Wang C, Liu L, Xie Z, Ma Y. Construction of J-type aggregates as multi-functional interlayers for nonfullerene polymer solar cells. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00934a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-absorbing J-aggregates: a new strategy to develop high performance cathode interlayers with solar concentrating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minming Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yinqi Luo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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23
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Zieleniewska A, Lodermeyer F, Roth A, Guldi DM. Fullerenes – how 25 years of charge transfer chemistry have shaped our understanding of (interfacial) interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:702-714. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00728k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over 25 years research in charge transfer chemistry are highlighted in terms of interfacial interactions between fullerenes and porphyrins in electron donor–acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zieleniewska
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - F. Lodermeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - A. Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - D. M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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24
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Miyadera T, Chikamatsu M, Yoshida Y. Constructing Nanostructured Donor/Acceptor Bulk Heterojunctions via Interfacial Templates for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43893-43901. [PMID: 29172420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/diindenoperylene (PEDOT:PSS/DIP) interfacial bilayer could serve as a structural template to enable the morphological control of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) by co-evaporation of tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene:fullerene (DBP:C60), which greatly improves the device performances. Especially, we show that isolated crystalline domains of C60 can be well-controlled at the nanoscale during the co-evaporation. Photoluminescence spectra indicate the realization of DIP/DBP cascade energy architecture, which significantly facilitates both the energy transfer and photocurrent generation. In addition, with bias-dependent external quantum efficiency analysis, we reveal that such a cascade energy device architecture greatly suppresses the energy recombination in both carrier and exciton transfer, resulting in a high open-circuit voltage and a high fill factor. By carefully optimizing the interfacial and BHJ layers, we achieved a high-performance organic photovoltaic cell with a power conversion efficiency of 5.0 ± 0.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wang
- Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies and ‡Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ying Zhou
- Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies and ‡Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Miyadera
- Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies and ‡Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies and ‡Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies and ‡Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Yuan L, Li J, Wang ZW, Huang P, Zhang KC, Liu Y, Zhu K, Li Z, Cao T, Dong B, Zhou Y, Zhou M, Song B, Li Y. Diblock Copolymer PF-b-PDMAEMA as Effective Cathode Interfacial Material in Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42961-42968. [PMID: 29172426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An alcohol-soluble diblock copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)]15-block-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]75 (denoted as PF15-b-PDMAEMA75) was employed as the cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in p-i-n polymer solar cells (PSCs). PF15-b-PDMAEMA75 contains a conjugated rigid block and a nonconjugated flexible block grafted with polar amino groups, and it can effectively lower the work function of the Al cathode and decrease the series resistance of the devices. When applied as the CIL in PSCs based on poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexy)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]]:[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester, the champion power conversion efficiency of 8.80% was achieved, which is slightly higher than that of the PSCs using the well-known poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] as CIL under our experimental conditions, and much better than that of PSCs using Ca as CIL. The improvement of the performance is mainly attributed to the enhanced open-circuit voltage and fill factor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a diblock copolymer has been used as a CIL in PSCs, and this study may provide a novel avenue for the design and synthesis of interfacial materials for high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Yuan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tiantian Cao
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bo Song
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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Chen Q, Li Z, Dong B, Zhou Y, Song B. Zwitter-Ionic Polymer Applied as Electron Transportation Layer for Improving the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E566. [PMID: 30965870 PMCID: PMC6419150 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A zwitter-ionic polymer poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (denoted by PSBMA) was employed as an electron transportation layer (ETL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). PSBMA is highly soluble in trifluoroethanol, showing an orthogonal solubility to the solvent of the active layer in the preparation of multilayered PSCs. Upon introduction of PSBMA, the short circuit current and as a consequence the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding PSCs are dramatically improved, which can be because of the relatively high polarity of PSBMA compared with the other ETLs. This study demonstrated that zwitter-ionic polymer should be a competitive potential candidate of ETLs in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhendong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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27
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Lee I, Noh J, Lee JY, Kim TS. Cooptimization of Adhesion and Power Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Controlling Surface Energy of Buffer Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37395-37401. [PMID: 28959886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the cooptimization of the interfacial fracture energy and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) by surface treatments of the buffer layer. The investigated surface treatments of the buffer layer simultaneously changed the crack path and interfacial fracture energy of OSCs under mechanical stress and the work function of the buffer layer. To investigate the effects of surface treatments, the work of adhesion values were calculated and matched with the experimental results based on the Owens-Wendt model. Subsequently, we fabricated OSCs on surface-treated buffer layers. In particular, ZnO layers treated with poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) simultaneously satisfied the high mechanical reliability and PCE of OSCs by achieving high work of adhesion and optimized work function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhwa Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Noh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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28
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Bao Q, Liu X, Braun S, Li Y, Tang J, Duan C, Fahlman M. Energy Level Alignment of N-Doping Fullerenes and Fullerene Derivatives Using Air-Stable Dopant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35476-35482. [PMID: 28929733 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Doping has been proved to be one of the powerful technologies to achieve significant improvement in the performance of organic electronic devices. Herein, we systematically map out the interface properties of solution-processed air-stable n-type (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl) doping fullerenes and fullerene derivatives and establish a universal energy level alignment scheme for this class of n-doped system. At low doping levels at which the charge-transfer doping induces mainly bound charges, the energy level alignment of the n-doping organic semiconductor can be described by combining integer charger transfer-induced shifts with a so-called double-dipole step. At high doping levels, significant densities of free charges are generated and the charge flows between the organic film and the conducting electrodes equilibrating the Fermi level in a classic "depletion layer" scheme. Moreover, we demonstrate that the model holds for both n- and p-doping of π-backbone molecules and polymers. With the results, we provide wide guidance for identifying the application of the current organic n-type doping technology in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinye Bao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University , 200241 Shanghai, P. R. China
- Division of Surface Physics and Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University , SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Division of Surface Physics and Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University , SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Slawomir Braun
- Division of Surface Physics and Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University , SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yanqing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chungang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University , 200241 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Division of Surface Physics and Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University , SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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29
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Holliday S, Li Y, Luscombe CK. Recent advances in high performance donor-acceptor polymers for organic photovoltaics. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Sharma A, Kroon R, Lewis DA, Andersson GG, Andersson MR. Poly(4-vinylpyridine): A New Interface Layer for Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10929-10936. [PMID: 28262016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) was used as a cathode interface layer in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated using poly[2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diyl] (TQ1) and PC71BM (phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester) as the donor and acceptor materials, respectively. We successfully demonstrate that the work function of underlying indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode can be significantly reduced by ∼0.7 eV, after modification of the surface with a thin film of P4VP. Photoconversion efficiency of 4.7% was achieved from OSCs incorporating P4VP interface layer between the ITO and bulk heterojunction (BHJ). Thin P4VP layer, when used to modify ZnO electron transport layer in inverted OSCs, reduced the ZnO work function from 3.7 to 3.4 eV, which resulted in a noteworthy increase in open-circuit voltage from 840 to 890 mV. On simultaneous modification of ZnO with P4VP and optimization of the BHJ morphology by using solvent additive chloronapthalene, photoconversion efficiency of OSCs was significantly increased from 4.6% to 6.3%. The enhanced device parameters are also attributed to an energetically favorable material stratification, as a result of an enrichment of PC71BM toward the P4VP interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Renee Kroon
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - David A Lewis
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University , Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University , Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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31
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Transition metal oxides as hole-transporting materials in organic semiconductor and hybrid perovskite based solar cells. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-9023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Zhang L, Ding ZC, Tong T, Liu J. Tuning the work functions of graphene quantum dot-modified electrodes for polymer solar cell applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3524-3529. [PMID: 28244534 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00136c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a new kind of anode/cathode interlayer material for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The key requirement for a cathode interlayer (CIL) is a low work function. In this article, aiming at application as a CIL for PSCs, we report a general approach to tune the work function of GQD-modified electrodes using alkali metal cations, e.g. Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+. For ITO electrodes modified with these GQDs containing alkali metal cations, the work function can be finely tuned within the range of 4.0-4.5 eV. Owing to their low work function, GQDs containing K+, Rb+ and Cs+ can be used as CILs for PSCs. Their device performance is fairly comparable to that of the state-of-the-art CIL material ZnO. This work provides a rational approach to tune the properties of GQD and to design solution-processable electrode interlayer materials for organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Z C Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - T Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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33
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Low-cost transparent graphene electrodes made by ultrasonic substrate vibration-assisted spray coating (SVASC) for thin film devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41127-017-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Wei J, Yin Z, Chen SC, Zheng Q. Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Zinc Tin Oxide Film as a Cathode Interlayer for Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6186-6193. [PMID: 28117970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Sn-doped ZnO (ZTO) is prepared by a sol-gel method and is employed as an electron transport material for organic solar cells (OSCs). After Sn modification, the fabricated ZTO films exhibited better charge transport properties and smoother surface morphology, especially for those processed at a low temperature of 120 °C. By incorporation of the high-temperature (200 °C) processed ZTO films, inverted OSCs showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.32%, which is higher than those based on the same temperature processed ZnO films. For the devices based on the low-temperature processed ZTO, a high PCE over 9.0% with long-term stability was achieved, which is much better than those based on the same temperature processed ZnO (8.46% PCE). Here, the ZTO films can be fabricated without high-temperature annealing, demonstrating their great potential as electron transport layers for efficient flexible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Ci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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35
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Guo S, Wang W, Herzig EM, Naumann A, Tainter G, Perlich J, Müller-Buschbaum P. Solvent-Morphology-Property Relationship of PTB7:PC 71BM Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3740-3748. [PMID: 28075549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of three different solvents and a solvent additive on the morphology and photovoltaic performance of bulk heterojunction films made of the copolymer based on thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene unit PTB7-F40 blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is investigated. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy are combined with X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS and GIWAXS, respectively), enabling the characterization of the morphology of the whole photoactive film. The detailed study reveals that different length scales of PCBM clusters are observed using different solvents, while adding a solvent additive results in the PCBM clusters being selectively dissolved. Vertical and lateral phase separation occurs during spin coating and depends on the solvent used. A hierarchical morphology is detected within the bulk film through GISAXS measurements. Furthermore, GIWAXS shows that a rather amorphous film with low crystallinity was probed, which substantiates that high crystallinity is not necessarily required for high performance organic solar cells. Different models for the morphology are proposed through the combination of all the findings and correlated with the corresponding device properties. Consequently, the solvent-induced different device performance is mainly ascribed to the varied lateral structure sizes, whereas the highest device performance is a result of the smallest average multilength scale lateral structure sizes with the smallest length scale matching the exciton diffusion length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Weijia Wang
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva M Herzig
- Munich School of Engineering, Technische Universität München , Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Naumann
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregory Tainter
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomas Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Perlich
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron at DESY , Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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36
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Kisslinger R, Hua W, Shankar K. Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Blends of Conjugated Polymers with II⁻VI and IV⁻VI Inorganic Semiconductor Quantum Dots. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E35. [PMID: 30970717 PMCID: PMC6431844 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of quantum dots and conjugated polymers are a promising configuration for obtaining high-efficiency, cheaply fabricated solution-processed photovoltaic devices. Such devices are of significant interest as they have the potential to leverage the advantages of both types of materials, such as the high mobility, band gap tunability and possibility of multiple exciton generation in quantum dots together with the high mechanical flexibility and large molar extinction coefficient of conjugated polymers. Despite these advantages, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these hybrid devices has remained relatively low at around 6%, well behind that of all-organic or all-inorganic solar cells. This is attributed to major challenges that still need to be overcome before conjugated polymer⁻quantum dot blends can be considered viable for commercial application, such as controlling the film morphology and interfacial structure to ensure efficient charge transfer and charge transport. In this work, we present our findings with respect to the recent development of bulk heterojunctions made from conjugated polymer⁻quantum dot blends, list the ongoing strategies being attempted to improve performance, and highlight the key areas of research that need to be pursued to further develop this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kisslinger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Weidi Hua
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
- National Research Council Canada National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada.
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37
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Yıldız DE, Apaydın DH, Toppare L, Cirpan A. Effect of layer thickness on the electrical parameters and conduction mechanisms of conjugated polymer-based heterojunction diode. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Yıldız
- Physics Department; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hitit University; Corum 19030 Turkey
| | - D. H. Apaydın
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - L. Toppare
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (GUNAM), Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - A. Cirpan
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (GUNAM), Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Micro and Nanotechnology Program, Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
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38
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Wang L, Li X, Tan TW, Shi Y, Zhao XY, Mi BX, Gao ZQ. An organic semiconductor as an anode-buffer for the improvement of small molecular photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductor based anode buffer layers (ABLs) were studied. The physical and electrical properties of the device were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Xin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Tian Wen Tan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xin Yan Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- China
| | - Bao Xiu Mi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Zhi Qiang Gao
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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39
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Ghanbari M, Ansari F, Salavati-Niasari M. Simple synthesis-controlled fabrication of thallium cadmium iodide nanostructures via a novel route and photocatalytic investigation in degradation of toxic dyes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Zhang X, Yang S, Bi S, Kumaresan A, Zhou J, Seifter J, Mi H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Improved electron extraction by a ZnO nanoparticle interlayer for solution-processed polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent effect on hole-blocking layers based on ZnO nanoparticles is investigated for solution-processed polymer solar cells. Incorporation of the dense ZnO nanoparticle interlayer leads to enhanced PCEs in PTB7-Th:PC71BM solar cells from 8.4% to 9.2% with improved stability.
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41
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Han J, Chen Y, Chen W, Yu C, Song X, Li F, Wang Y. High Performance Small-Molecule Cathode Interlayer Materials with D-A-D Conjugated Central Skeletons and Side Flexible Alcohol/Water-Soluble Groups for Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32823-32832. [PMID: 27934154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new class of organic cathode interfacial layer (CIL) materials based on isoindigo derivatives (IID) substituted with pyridinium or sulfonate zwitterion groups were designed, synthesized, and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs) with PTB7:PC71BM (PTB7: polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene and PC71BM: [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acidmethyl ester) as an active layer. Compared with the control device, PSCs with an IID-based CIL show simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), and fill factor (FF). Systematic optimizations of the central conjugated core and side flexible alcohol-soluble groups demonstrated that isoindigo-based CIL material with thiophene and sulfonate zwitterion substituent groups can efficiently enhance the PSC performance. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.12%, which is 1.75 times that of the control device without CIL, was achieved for the PSC having an isoindigo-based CIL. For the PSCs with an isoindigo-based CIL, the molecule-dependent performance property studies revealed that the central conjugated core with D-A-D characteristics and the side chains with sulfonate zwitterions groups represents an efficient strategy for constructing high performance CILs. Our study results may open a new avenue toward high performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Youchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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42
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Arrechea S, Aljarilla A, de la Cruz P, Palomares E, Sharma GD, Langa F. Efficiency improvement using bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide lithium salt as a chemical additive in porphyrin based organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17953-17962. [PMID: 27731455 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new conjugated acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor (A-π-D-π-A) porphyrins have been synthesised using 3-ethylrhodanine (1a) or dicyanovinylene (1b) groups as acceptor units. Their optical and electrochemical properties made these materials excellent electron donors along with PC71BM as the acceptor for solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. The devices based on 1a:PC71BM (1 : 2) and 1b:PC71BM (1 : 2) processed with CB showed low power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 2.30% and 2.80%, respectively. Nonetheless, after processing the active layer using a mixture of 3 vol% of a pyridine additive in THF, the PCE was enhanced up to 5.14% and 6.06% for 1a:PC71BM and 1b:PC71BM, respectively. Moreover, when we used LiTFSI as the chemical additive in pyridine/CB-processed 1b:PC71BM an excellent PCE of 7.63% was recorded. The effects over the film morphology and the device characteristics (Jsc, Voc and FF) due to the introduction of LiTFSI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Arrechea
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071-Toledo, Spain. and Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ana Aljarilla
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071-Toledo, Spain.
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071-Toledo, Spain.
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avda. Països Catalans, 14, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain. and ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys, 23, Barcelona, E-08010, Spain
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology (Deemed University), Rupa ki Nagal, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj.) 302031, India.
| | - Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071-Toledo, Spain.
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43
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Ghosh T, Gopal A, Nagasawa S, Mohan N, Saeki A, Vijayakumar C. Following the TRMC Trail: Optimization of Photovoltaic Efficiency and Structure-Property Correlation of Thiophene Oligomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25396-404. [PMID: 27598737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting conjugated oligomers having same end group (N-ethylrhodanine) but different central core (thiophene: OT-T, bithiophene: OT-BT, thienothiophene: OT-TT) connected through thiophene pi-linker (alkylated terthiophene) were synthesized for solution processable bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The effect of the incorporation of an extra thiophene to the central thiophene unit either through C-C bond linkage to form bithiophene or by fusing two thiophenes together to form thienothiophene on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances of the oligomers were studied in detail. Flash photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) technique shows OT-TT has significantly higher photoconductivity than OT-T and OT-BT implying that the former can outperform the latter two derivatives by a wide margin under identical conditions in a bulk-heterojunction solar cell device. However, the initial photovoltaic devices fabricated from all three oligomers (with PC71BM as the acceptor) gave power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of about 0.7%, which was counterintuitive to the TRMC observation. By using TRMC results as a guiding tool, solution engineering was carried out; no remarkable changes were seen in the PCE of OT-T and OT-BT. On the other hand, 5-fold enhancement in the device efficiency was achieved in OT-TT (PCE: 3.52%, VOC: 0.80 V, JSC: 8.74 mA cm(-2), FF: 0.50), which was in correlation with the TRMC results. The structure-property correlation and the fundamental reasons for the improvement in device performance upon solvent engineering were deduced through UV-vis absorption, atomic force microscopy, bright-field transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence quenching analysis and two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwistha Ghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum 695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Anesh Gopal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nila Mohan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum 695019, Kerala India
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chakkooth Vijayakumar
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum 695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 001, India
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44
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He W, Livshits MY, Dickie DA, Yang J, Quinnett R, Rack JJ, Wu Q, Qin Y. A "roller-wheel" Pt-containing small molecule that outperforms its polymer analogs in organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5798-5804. [PMID: 30034718 PMCID: PMC6021780 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00513f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Pt-bisacetylide small molecule (Pt-SM) featuring "roller-wheel" geometry was synthesized and characterized. When compared with conventional Pt-containing polymers and small molecules having "dumbbell" shaped structures, Pt-SM displays enhanced crystallinity and intermolecular π-π interactions, as well as favorable panchromatic absorption behaviors. Organic solar cells (OSCs) employing Pt-SM achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 5.9%, the highest reported so far for Pt-containing polymers and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan He
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 UNM , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Maksim Y Livshits
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 UNM , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 UNM , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 UNM , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Rachel Quinnett
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , 1005 Durland Hall , Manhattan , KS 66506 , USA
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 UNM , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , PO Box 5000 , Upton , NY 11973 , USA
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 UNM , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
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45
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Li CZ, Huang J, Ju H, Zang Y, Zhang J, Zhu J, Chen H, Jen AKY. Modulate Organic-Metal Oxide Heterojunction via [1,6] Azafulleroid for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7269-7275. [PMID: 27271045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By creating an effective π-orbital hybridization between the fullerene cage and the aromatic anchor (addend), the azafulleroid interfacial modifiers exhibit enhanced electronic coupling to the underneath metal oxides. High power conversion efficiency of 10.3% can be achieved in organic solar cells using open-cage phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)-modified zinc oxide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Electronics and Information College, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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46
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Torabi S, Liu J, Gordiichuk P, Herrmann A, Qiu L, Jahani F, Hummelen JC, Koster LJA. Deposition of LiF onto Films of Fullerene Derivatives Leads to Bulk Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22623-8. [PMID: 27526262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most commonly used cathode interlayers for increasing the efficiency of electron injection/extraction in organic electronic devices is an ultrathin layer of LiF. Our capacitance measurements and electrical conductivity analysis show that thin films of fullerene derivatives and their mixtures with polymers are unintentionally doped upon deposition of LiF. The level of doping depends on the chemical structure of the fullerene derivatives. The doping effect on polymer/fullerene mixtures is significant only for blends in which the fullerene content is greater than the polymer content by weight. Our finding has profound implications for the development and characterization of organic photovoltaic devices, including a negative impact of doping on the stability of the device and erroneous estimations of properties such as charge carrier mobility and the dielectric constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Torabi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatemeh Jahani
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Hummelen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Investigation of Various Active Layers for Their Performance on Organic Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080667. [PMID: 28773796 PMCID: PMC5509278 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical mechanism of open-circuit voltages (VOC) in OSCs based on various small molecule organic materials is studied. The structure under investigation is simple planar heterojunction (PHJ) by thermal vacuum evaporation deposition. The various wide band gaps of small molecule organic materials are used to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The donor materials used in the device include: Alpha-sexithiophene (α-6T), Copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), boron subnaphthalocyanine chloride (SubNc) and boron Subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc). It is combined with fullerene or SubPc acceptor material to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the charge transport behavior. It is found that the VOC of the device is largely limited by charge transport. This was associated with the space charge effects and hole accumulation. These results are attributed to the improvement of surface roughness and work function after molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is inserted as an anode buffer layer.
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48
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Yin Z, Wei J, Zheng Q. Interfacial Materials for Organic Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500362. [PMID: 27812480 PMCID: PMC5067618 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have shown great promise as low-cost photovoltaic devices for solar energy conversion over the past decade. Interfacial engineering provides a powerful strategy to enhance efficiency and stability of OSCs. With the rapid advances of interface layer materials and active layer materials, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of both single-junction and tandem OSCs have exceeded a landmark value of 10%. This review summarizes the latest advances in interfacial layers for single-junction and tandem OSCs. Electron or hole transporting materials, including metal oxides, polymers/small-molecules, metals and metal salts/complexes, carbon-based materials, organic-inorganic hybrids/composites, and other emerging materials, are systemically presented as cathode and anode interface layers for high performance OSCs. Meanwhile, incorporating these electron-transporting and hole-transporting layer materials as building blocks, a variety of interconnecting layers for conventional or inverted tandem OSCs are comprehensively discussed, along with their functions to bridge the difference between adjacent subcells. By analyzing the structure-property relationships of various interfacial materials, the important design rules for such materials towards high efficiency and stable OSCs are highlighted. Finally, we present a brief summary as well as some perspectives to help researchers understand the current challenges and opportunities in this emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
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49
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Kim M, Park S, Jeong J, Shin D, Kim J, Ryu SH, Kim KS, Lee H, Yi Y. Band-Tail Transport of CuSCN: Origin of Hole Extraction Enhancement in Organic Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2856-2861. [PMID: 27396718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is known as a promising hole transport layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) due to its good hole conduction and exciton blocking abilities with high transparency. Despite its successful device applications, the origin of its hole extraction enhancement in OPVs has not yet been understood. Here, we investigated the electronic structure of CuSCN and the energy level alignment at the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/CuSCN/ITO interfaces using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The band-tail states of CuSCN close to the Fermi level (EF) were observed at 0.25 eV below the EF, leading to good hole transport. The CuSCN interlayer significantly reduces the hole transport barrier between ITO and P3HT due to its high work function and band-tail states. The barrier reduction leads to enhanced current density-voltage characteristics of hole-dominated devices. These results provide the origin of hole-extraction enhancement by CuSCN and insights for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soohyung Park
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Junkyeong Jeong
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongguen Shin
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science , Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sae Hee Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science , Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science , Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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50
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Paniagua SA, Giordano AJ, Smith OL, Barlow S, Li H, Armstrong NR, Pemberton JE, Brédas JL, Ginger D, Marder SR. Phosphonic Acids for Interfacial Engineering of Transparent Conductive Oxides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7117-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Paniagua
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Anthony J. Giordano
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - O’Neil L. Smith
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Hong Li
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neal R. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David Ginger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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