1
|
Zhu J, Liu X, Zheng J, Jiang D. Tuning the conformation of G-quadruplexes by sodium and potassium ions: application to photometric and fluorometric determination of amyloid β(1-40). Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:98. [PMID: 33624166 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A dual channel method is described for the determination of the amyloid-β peptide Aβ(1-40) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. The method exploits (a) conformational changes of a G-quadruplex that are triggered by Na+ and K+ ions and (b) the strong affinity between Aβ(1-40) and Cu2+. A G-quadruplex DNA forms an antiparallel structure in the presence of Na+ and can catalyze the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine by H2O2 system in the presence of Cu2+ to form a visible blue color. If, however, Cu2+ binds to Aβ(1-40), the blue color is no longer formed. Measuring the absorption decrease at 452 nm, the determination of Aβ(1-40) is realized. If K+ is added to the Na+-containing buffer, the antiparallel G-quadruplex DNA is transformed to parallel. This leads to the insertion of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) into the G-quadruplex and generates enhanced fluorescent signal, with excitation/emission wavelength at 410/630 nm. The G-quadruplex then catalyzes the metalation of PPIX by Cu2+, and the fluorescence intensity decreases. In the presence of Aβ(1-40), the formation of Aβ(1-40)-Cu2+ triggers the recovery of the fluorescence. The Na+/K+-induced tuning of the conformation of the G-quadruplex with the same sequence enables dual (colorimetric and fluorometric) determination of Aβ(1-40), with detection limits of 4.9 pM and 2.3 pM, respectively. The cost is quite low since the developed strategy is label free and enzyme free by using low-cost DNA and Cu2+. More importantly, the dual channel determination operation is very simple without any further modification process. Tuning the conformation of G-quadruplexes by sodium(I) and potassium(I): application to photometric and fluorometric determination of amyloid β(1-40).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxue Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manafikhi R, Haik MB, Lahdo R, AlQuobaili F. Plasma amyloid β levels in Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal controls in Syrian population. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:19. [PMID: 33996670 PMCID: PMC8111637 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be occurred by the production of neurotic plaques of the beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and deposition of them. Therefore, biomarkers of abnormal Aβ processing may represent before the AD clinical biomarkers, which could be benefit for a successful disease management that may prevent the AD development. The aim of this study is to investigate of plasma Aβ40,42 levels in Alzheimer's patients in Syria and thus determine whether they may have a potential role as biomarker for identifying and predicting AD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the plasma levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were investigated in two groups represent Syrian population, AD group; clinically diagnosed AD patients (n=50) and CN group; cognitively normal participants (n=33). This study first determined the reference interval of plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 for cognitively normal Syrian. Results were analyzed using SPSS, 24, depending on independent-samples t test, considering that the value of p < 0.05 is statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the plasma levels of Aβ1-40 (p<0.001, OR=1.031, 95%CI: 1.012-1.051) and Aβ1-42 (p<0.001, OR=1.306, 95%CI: 1.145-1.490) were significantly higher in AD patients than in cognitively normal participants, and no significant association was shown between both of education and sex with plasma Aβ levels. Conclusion: The plasma levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 could be potential biomarkers for identifying and predicting AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafah Manafikhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Damascus, Syria
| | - M. Bassam Haik
- General Manager of the General Committee of Ibn Khaldun Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Raghda Lahdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aleppo, Syria
| | - Faizeh AlQuobaili
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Damascus, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correlation between cognition and plasma noradrenaline level in Alzheimer's disease: a potential new blood marker of disease evolution. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:213. [PMID: 32620743 PMCID: PMC7335170 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence showing degeneration of the noradrenergic system in the locus coeruleus (LC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has motivated great interest in noradrenaline (NA) as a potential brain hallmark of the disease. Despite the current exploration of blood markers for AD, the deregulation of the plasma NA concentration ([NA]plasma) in AD is currently not well understood. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 71 patients (32 AD patients, 22 with other dementia and 17 without dementia) who were given consultations for memory complaints in the Cognitive Neurology Center of Lariboisière (Paris) between 2009 and 2014. As previously described in brain tissue, we show for the first time a linear correlation between [NA]plasma and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in AD patients. We observed that high [NA]plasma in AD patients was associated with higher [Aβ1-42]CSF than in other AD patients with [NA]plasma similar to NC patients. In parallel, we observed a lower (p-Tau/Tau)CSF in AD patients with low [NA]plasma than in non-AD patients with [NA]plasma similar to [NA]plasma in NC patients. Our data suggest that [NA]plasma could be a potential biomarker of disease evolution in the context of AD and could possibly improve early diagnosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwak DE, Ko T, Koh HS, Ji YW, Shin J, Kim K, Kim HY, Lee HK, Kim Y. Alterations of aqueous humor Aβ levels in Aβ-infused and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227618. [PMID: 31923257 PMCID: PMC6953883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an ageing-related neurodegenerative disease characterized and diagnosed by deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The plaque accumulation in the brain directly affects reduced levels of Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, as Aβ can freely transport the blood-brain barrier, and clinical investigations have suggested these two biofluids as promising samples for in vitro diagnosis. Given that the human eye structurally resembles the brain and Aβ accumulation often observed in the ocular region of AD patients, in this study, we examined aqueous humor Aβ as another possible surrogate biomarker. First, using the acute Aβ-infused AD mouse model by injecting Aβ to the CSF in intracerebroventricular region of normal ICR mice, we investigated whether Aβ concentration in the aqueous humor in AD models is positively correlated with the concentration in the CSF. Then, we examined the correlation of aqueous humor Aβ levels with increased plaque deposition in the brain and reduced Aβ levels in both CSF and blood in adult and aged 5XFAD Alzheimer transgenic mice. Collectively, the synthetic Aβ injected into CSF immediately migrate to the aqueous humor, however, the age-dependently reducing pattern of Aβ levels in CSF and blood was not observed in the aqueous humor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HKL); (YSK)
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HKL); (YSK)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang L, Dong H, Cao H, Ji X, Luan S, Liu J. Exosomes in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3329-3335. [PMID: 31056537 PMCID: PMC6515980 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 and phosphorylation of tau protein in the brain. Thus far, the transfer mechanism of these cytotoxic proteins between nerve cells remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that nanoscale extracellular vesicles (exosomes) originating from cells may play important roles in this transfer process. In addition, several genetic materials and proteins are also involved in intercellular communication by the secretion of the exosomes. That proposes novel avenues for early diagnosis and biological treatment in AD, based on exosome detection and intervention. In this review, exosome-related pathways of cytotoxic protein intercellular transfer in AD, and the effect of membrane proteins on exosomes targeting cells are first introduced. The advances in exosome-related biomarker detection in AD are summarized. Finally, the advantages and challenges of reducing cytotoxic protein accumulation via exosomal intervention for AD treatment are discussed. It is envisaged that future research in exosomes may well provide new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Huijie Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Siyu Luan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Witter S, Witter R, Vilu R, Samoson A. Medical Plants and Nutraceuticals for Amyloid-β Fibrillation Inhibition. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:239-252. [PMID: 30599045 PMCID: PMC6311354 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque formation due to amyloid-β oligomerization and fibrillation is a key issue for its deposition in the brains of dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients. Related drugs preventing this peptide fibril accumulation bear the potential of considerable medical and social value. In this study, we performed in vitro fibrillation inhibition tests with eight different medical plant extracts and nutraceuticals using fluorescence spectroscopy. Successful inhibition of the following plant extracts and nutraceuticals were obtained: Withania somnifera, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, and Convolvulus pluricaulis, providing new drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Witter
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Raiker Witter
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Raivo Vilu
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technology (TFTAK), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ago Samoson
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takeda S. Progression of Alzheimer's disease, tau propagation, and its modifiable risk factors. Neurosci Res 2018; 141:36-42. [PMID: 30120962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been increasing exponentially side by side with aging societies worldwide. Symptoms of AD worsen over time due to progressive neurodegeneration, requiring institutional care at the later stage and resulting in a heavy burden on patients, caregivers, and the public-health system. AD neuropathology is characterized by cerebral accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins. For decades, Aβ has been a leading target in the therapeutic development for AD, and many drug candidates have been tested in clinical trials; however, most medications have failed to slow the progression of the disease. Tau pathology currently is attracting more attention as an alternate target for developing disease-modifying therapy. Tau is known to spread in a hierarchical pattern in AD brain, likely by trans-synaptic tau transfer between neurons. Extracellular tau may mediate tau spreading and serve as biomarker for AD. AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, and many genetic- and non-genetic factors are known to contribute to Aβ- and tau-related pathology. Recent studies indicate an association between vascular risk factors and AD. Identifying modifiable risk factors for AD and understanding their contributory mechanisms could be key in tackling this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu B, Shen H, Hao Y, Zhu X, Li S, Huang Y, Qu P, Xu M. Lanthanide Functionalized Metal–Organic Coordination Polymer: Toward Novel Turn-On Fluorescent Sensing of Amyloid β-Peptide. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12449-12455. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Haoshuang Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Liaoning 113001, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Suzhi Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Yankai Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Correlation Study between Plasma Aβ Proteins and Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2016; 15:122-128. [PMID: 30906353 PMCID: PMC6428019 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2016.15.4.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β proteins (Aβ). In this study we explored the correlation of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations with Aβ42, total tau (tTau) and phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD and control subjects to further understand the characteristics of plasma Aβ proteins levels. Methods The consecutive subjects (44 AD and 47 controls) in this study were recruited. The plasma levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured using a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. And the corresponding CSFs were analyzed in terms of Aβ42, tTau and pTau181 concentrations using INNOTEST ELISA kits. Further, the albumin levels were measured both in serum and CSF and albumin ratio was obtained to check the integrity of blood-brain barrier. Results CSF Aβ42 concentrations were significantly decreased while tTau and pTau181 levels were significantly increased in AD subjects. The plasma levels of Aβ42 were significantly lower (p=0.007), while the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was significantly higher (p<0.001) in AD patients than in controls. The overall plasma Aβ42 levels showed a positive correlation with those of CSF Aβ42 (p=0.001), but not with the others in CSF. In subgroup analysis, the CSF Aβ42 demonstrated positive correlation with not only plasma Aβ42 but also Aβ40 levels in controls. However, no significant relationship was noted between plasma and CSF Aβ proteins in AD group. Conclusions The plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations were shown to have a close relationship with CSF Aβ42 levels in controls, but not in AD subjects. Our results suggest that the correlation between plasma Aβ40 and CSF Aβ42 levels is perturbed in AD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HJ, Park KW, Kim TE, Im JY, Shin HS, Kim S, Lee DH, Ye BS, Kim JH, Kim EJ, Park KH, Han HJ, Jeong JH, Choi SH, Park SA. Elevation of the Plasma Aβ40/Aβ42 Ratio as a Diagnostic Marker of Sporadic Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:1043-50. [PMID: 26444752 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels have been evaluated as a possible diagnostic marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to validate plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio as biomarkers of AD in subjects with early-onset AD (EOAD) without familial AD genetic mutations. METHODS Patients with sporadic EOAD (sEOAD) were prospectively recruited by nine neurology clinics. Plasma levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 100 sEOAD (50-69 year-old) and 46 age-matched normal control subjects (50-72 year-old). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from 32 sEOAD subjects and 25 controls. The integrity of the blood-brain barrier was assessed using the CSF/plasma albumin ratio. RESULTS The plasma levels of Aβ42 were significantly lower, while the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was significantly higher in sEOAD patients than in controls. The levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio did not differ in relation to the APOEɛ4 allele. The CSF/plasma albumin ratio was comparable between the two groups, and the plasma parameters of Aβ proteins were not significantly associated. A multivariate analysis revealed that an increased Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio is valuable for the discrimination of sEOAD from controls (β=0.344, p=0.000). The area under the ROC curve for the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was 0.76, and a cut-off ratio of 5.87 was suggested to have 70% sensitivity and 68% specificity. CONCLUSION The plasma Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio had moderate validity for the discrimination of sEOAD patients from age-matched controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ji Young Im
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ho Sik Shin
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Saeromi Kim
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Corporation, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University, College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Han
- Department of Neurology, Myongii Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Park
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hanson AJ, Bayer JL, Baker LD, Cholerton B, VanFossen B, Trittschuh E, Rissman RA, Donohue MC, Moghadam SH, Plymate SR, Craft S. Differential Effects of Meal Challenges on Cognition, Metabolism, and Biomarkers for Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 Carriers and Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:205-18. [PMID: 26401941 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intake of saturated fat (SF) and glycemic index (GI) foods is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Meal challenges may elucidate mechanisms that contribute to this risk, enabling development of targeted interventions. OBJECTIVE To assess cognitive and metabolic changes after a meal high in SF and GI calories (HIGH) versus a meal low in these macronutrients (LOW) in older adults with and without cognitive impairment, and with and without the apolipoprotein E4 risk factor. METHODS 46 adults with either cognitive impairment (CI) or normal cognition (NC) ingested a LOW (25% total fat, 7% SF, GI <55) and a HIGH meal (50% total fat, 25% SF, GI >70) in a blinded random fashion. Participants then underwent cognitive testing and blood sampling for metabolic and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Spearman correlations. RESULTS E4-adults with NC demonstrated lower delayed memory scores after the HIGH compared to the LOW meal, whereas normal E4+ and CI E4- groups had higher scores after the HIGH meal (ANOVA p = 0.03). These findings were associated with meal-induced changes in glucose (p = 0.05), insulin (p = 0.004), triglycerides (p < 0.01), and plasma Aβ42 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest that cognitive performance of adults without CI may worsen following high SF and sugar meals, whereas adults with CI or those at risk for CI due to E4 status may benefit acutely from such meals. Furthermore, plasma Aβ was affected by meal type, suggesting a relationship between metabolic response and amyloid regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Hanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Laura D Baker
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brenna Cholerton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert A Rissman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Setareh H Moghadam
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hanson AJ, Banks WA, Hernandez Saucedo H, Craft S. Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Sex Influence Glucose Tolerance in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:78-89. [PMID: 27065114 PMCID: PMC4821139 DOI: 10.1159/000444079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose intolerance and apolipoprotein ε4 allele (E4+) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin sensitizers show promise for treating AD, but are less effective in E4+ individuals. Little is known about how the APOE genotype influences glucose metabolism. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 319 older adults who underwent oral glucose tolerance tests; a subset had insulin, amyloid beta (Aβ42), and Mini Mental Status Examination. Glucose and insulin patterns with respect to cognitive diagnosis, E4 status, and sex were examined with analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation. Results People with cognitive impairment had higher fasting insulin levels. E4 status did not affect fasting glucose values, whereas men had higher fasting glucose levels than women. E4+ men had the lowest and E4+ women had the highest glucose levels, compared to E4- groups; insulin did not differ by sex or E4 group. E4 status and sex moderated correlations between metabolic measures and AD risk factors including age and Aβ. Conclusions Insulin resistance was associated with cognitive impairment, and sex, E4 status, and glucose values are interrelated in older adults at risk of AD. Understanding glucose metabolism for different APOE and sex groups may help elucidate differences in therapeutic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Hanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Wash., USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - William A Banks
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Wash., USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang T, Xiao S, Liu Y, Lin Z, Su N, Li X, Li G, Zhang M, Fang Y. The efficacy of plasma biomarkers in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:713-9. [PMID: 24318929 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is imperative for the prevention of disease progression and the development of effective treatments. OBJECTIVE Clinically, AD diagnosis has been based on adherence to clinical criteria. It has recently been proposed that diagnostic criteria should also incorporate biomarker findings. However, the most studied candidates or group of candidates for AD biomarkers, including pathological processes and proteins, needs further research. The current study aimed to investigate the capabilities of the following plasma proteins in the diagnosis of AD and amnesia mild cognitive impairment (aMCI): peripheral interleukin (IL) 10, IL-6, amyloid-β (Aβ) 40, Aβ42, phosphorylated tau 181, and total tau. METHODS In addition to 122 normal control (NC) group, 97 AD patients and 54 aMCI patients were recruited for this study. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the concentration of the following blood plasma biomarkers: IL-10, IL-6, Aβ40, Aβ42, phosphorylated tau 181, and total tau. RESULTS A one-way analysis of variance (one-factor analysis of variance) of Aβ40 and IL-10 levels revealed a statistically significant difference between the three groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.020). Using Aβ40 ≥ 42.70 pg/ml as the cut-off point, the sensitivity of the ability of Aβ40 to discriminate between AD and NC groups was 80.0%, and specificity was 69.6%. CONCLUSIONS The plasma Aβ40 biomarker was able to distinguish between AD and NC groups. However, the plasma biomarkers in the present research were not able to distinguish between aMCI and NC groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sanchez-Espinosa MP, Atienza M, Cantero JL. Sleep deficits in mild cognitive impairment are related to increased levels of plasma amyloid-β and cortical thinning. Neuroimage 2014; 98:395-404. [PMID: 24845621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that amyloid-beta (Aβ) depositions parallel sleep deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether impaired sleep and changes in plasma Aβ levels are related in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects, and whether both markers are further associated with cortical thinning in canonical AD regions. To jointly address this issue, we investigated relationships between changes in physiological sleep and plasma Aβ concentrations in 21 healthy old (HO) adults and 21 aMCI subjects, and further assessed whether these two factors were associated with cortical loss in each group. aMCI, but not HO subjects, showed significant relationships between disrupted slow-wave sleep (SWS) and increased plasma levels of Aβ42. We also found that shortened rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep in aMCI correlated with thinning of the posterior cingulate, precuneus, and postcentral gyrus; whereas higher levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 accounted for grey matter (GM) loss of posterior cingulate and entorhinal cortex, respectively. These results support preliminary relationships between Aβ burden and altered sleep physiology observed in animal models of AD amyloidosis, and provide precise cortical correlates of these changes in older adults with aMCI. Taken together, these findings open new research avenues on the combined role of sleep, peripheral Aβ levels and cortical integrity in tracking the progression from normal aging to early neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayely P Sanchez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Impaired cortical oscillatory coupling in mild cognitive impairment: anatomical substrate and ApoE4 effects. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1721-37. [PMID: 24682246 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge about the anatomical substrate of impaired resting-state cortical oscillatory coupling in mild cognitive impairment is still rudimentary. Here, we show that both resting-state oscillatory coupling and its anatomical correlates clearly distinguish healthy older (HO) adults from individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). aMCI showed failures in neural-phase coupling of resting-state electroencephalographic alpha activity mostly evident between fronto-temporal and parietal regions. As oligomers of amyloid-beta (Aβ) are linked to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we further investigated whether plasma concentrations of these oligomers (Aβ40 and Aβ42) accounted for impaired patterns of oscillatory coupling in aMCI. Results revealed that decreased plasma Aβ42 was associated with augmented coupling of parieto-temporal regions in HO subjects, but no relationship was found in aMCI. Oscillatory coupling of frontal regions was also significantly reduced in aMCI carriers of the ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) compared to ε4 noncarriers, although neither neuroanatomical nor plasma Aβ changes accounted for this difference. However, the abnormal pattern of oscillatory coupling in aMCI was negatively related to volume of the angular gyrus, and positively related to volume of the precuneus and the splenium of the corpus callosum. Previous evidence suggests that all these regions are neuropathological targets of AD. The current study takes that scenario one step further, suggesting that this anatomical damage could be responsible for disrupted cortical oscillatory coupling in aMCI. Together, these data shed light on how the MCI status modifies anatomo-functional relationships underlying coordination of large-scale cortical systems in the resting-state.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sato N, Morishita R. Roles of vascular and metabolic components in cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer disease: short- and long-term modification by non-genetic risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:64. [PMID: 24204343 PMCID: PMC3817366 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that a specific set of genetic and non-genetic risk factors contributes to the onset of Alzheimer disease (AD). Non-genetic risk factors include diabetes, hypertension in mid-life, and probably dyslipidemia in mid-life. This review focuses on the vascular and metabolic components of non-genetic risk factors. The mechanisms whereby non-genetic risk factors modify cognitive dysfunction are divided into four components, short- and long-term effects of vascular and metabolic factors. These consist of (1) compromised vascular reactivity, (2) vascular lesions, (3) hypo/hyperglycemia, and (4) exacerbated AD histopathological features, respectively. Vascular factors compromise cerebrovascular reactivity in response to neuronal activity and also cause irreversible vascular lesions. On the other hand, representative short-term effects of metabolic factors on cognitive dysfunction occur due to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Non-genetic risk factors also modify the pathological manifestations of AD in the long-term. Therefore, vascular and metabolic factors contribute to aggravation of cognitive dysfunction in AD through short-term and long-term effects. β-amyloid could be involved in both vascular and metabolic components. It might be beneficial to support treatment in AD patients by appropriate therapeutic management of non-genetic risk factors, considering the contributions of these four elements to the manifestation of cognitive dysfunction in individual patients, though all components are not always present. It should be clarified how these four components interact with each other. To answer this question, a clinical prospective study that follows up clinical features with respect to these four components: (1) functional MRI or SPECT for cerebrovascular reactivity, (2) MRI for ischemic lesions and atrophy, (3) clinical episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, (4) amyloid-PET and tau-PET for pathological features of AD, would be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sato
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Osaka, Japan ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Swarup V, Srivastava AK, Padma MV, Moganty RR. Quantitative Profiling and Identification of Plasma Proteins of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 Patients. NEURODEGENER DIS 2013; 12:199-206. [DOI: 10.1159/000346585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
18
|
Takeda S, Sato N, Uchio-Yamada K, Yu H, Moriguchi A, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Oral glucose loading modulates plasma β-amyloid level in alzheimer's disease patients: potential diagnostic method for Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2013; 34:25-30. [PMID: 22889768 DOI: 10.1159/000338704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) has been suggested to be a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), its significance and validity have been inconclusive. Thus, it is quite important to establish a novel diagnostic method related to plasma Aβ. METHODS As our previous animal studies demonstrated a relation of glucose with plasma Aβ, we examined the effect of glucose loading on plasma Aβ levels in AD patients. After fasting, an oral glucose load was administered to AD patients and non-AD dementia patients, and subsequently, blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma Aβ levels were measured. RESULTS The plasma levels of baseline blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma Aβ were not different between the two groups. However, immediately after glucose loading, a significant increase in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels was observed in AD patients, whereas a mild decrease in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels was detected in non-AD dementia patients. CONCLUSION The present study clearly demonstrated a different response in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels after glucose loading between AD and non-AD dementia patients, which is consistent with our previous animal studies. These findings suggest a novel diagnostic tool for AD using the elevation of plasma Aβ level after glucose loading, although further studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Delvaux E, Bentley K, Stubbs V, Sabbagh M, Coleman PD. Differential processing of amyloid precursor protein in brain and in peripheral blood leukocytes. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1680-6. [PMID: 23298733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Because amyloid precursor protein (APP) fragments exist in many tissues throughout the body, including the fluid compartments of blood, they have been the focus of numerous investigations into their potential as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Using immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blot, and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis we examined whether APP processing in leukocytes is analogous to APP processing in the brain. We show APP immunoreactivity at light and electron microscopic levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) yet our Western blot analysis data demonstrated that brain and PBL contain different APP fragments and differentially expressed APP processing enzymes. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10), nicastrin, and beta-secretase 2 (BACE2) were present in brain but were undetected in PBL. Presenilin 1 and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) were detected in both tissues but showed different patterns in Western blots. Quantitative PCR results identified Neprilysin as the only processing enzyme we interrogated in which Western and quantitative PCR data coincided. Although our data on differential processing of APP in brain and PBL point to exercising caution when generalizing between blood and brain with regard to mechanisms, they have no implications regarding utility as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Delvaux
- L.J. Roberts Center for Alzheimer's Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Figurski MJ, Waligórska T, Toledo J, Vanderstichele H, Korecka M, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM. Improved protocol for measurement of plasma β-amyloid in longitudinal evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study patients. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8:250-60. [PMID: 22748936 PMCID: PMC3732031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interassay variability and inconsistency of plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) measurements among centers are major factors precluding the interpretation of results and a substantial obstacle in the meta-analysis across studies of this biomarker. The goal of this investigation was to address these problems by improving the performance of the bioanalytical method. METHODS We used the Luminex immunoassay platform with a multiplex microsphere-based reagent kit from Innogenetics. A robotic pipetting system was used to perform crucial steps of the procedure. The performance of this method was evaluated using two kit control samples and two quality control plasma samples from volunteer donors, and by retesting previously assayed patient samples in each run. This setup was applied to process 2454 patient plasma samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study biofluid repository. We have additionally evaluated the correlations between our results and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker data using mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS The average precision values of the kit controls were 8.3% for Aβ(1-40) and 4.0% for Aβ(1-42), whereas the values for the plasma quality controls were 6.4% for Aβ(1-40) and 4.8% for Aβ(1-42). From the test-retest evaluation, the average precision was 7.2% for Aβ(1-40) and 4.5% for Aβ(1-42). The range of final plasma results for Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative patients was 13 to 372 pg/mL (median: 164 pg/mL) for Aβ(1-40) and 3.5 to 103 pg/mL (median: 39.3 pg/mL) for Aβ(1-42). We found that sample collection parameters (blood volume and time to freeze) have a small, but significant, influence on the result. No significant difference was found between plasma Aβ levels for patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy control subjects. We have determined multiple significant correlations of plasma Aβ(1-42) levels with CSF biomarkers. The relatively strongest, although modest, correlation was found between plasma Aβ(1-42) levels and CSF p-tau(181)/Aβ(1-42) ratio in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Plasma Aβ(1-40) correlations with CSF biomarkers were weaker and diminished completely when we used longitudinal data. No significant correlations were found for the plasma Aβ(1-42)/Aβ(1-40) ratio. CONCLUSIONS The precision of our robotized method represents a substantial improvement over results reported in the literature. Multiple significant correlations between plasma and CSF biomarkers were found. Although these correlations are not strong enough to support the use of plasma Aβ measurement as a diagnostic screening test, plasma Aβ(1-42) levels are well suited for use as a pharmacodynamic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal J. Figurski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Teresa Waligórska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jon Toledo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Magdalena Korecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M. Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Sørensen MG, Zheng Q, Zhang C, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Will posttranslational modifications of brain proteins provide novel serological markers for dementias? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:209409. [PMID: 22779024 PMCID: PMC3388459 DOI: 10.1155/2012/209409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development for dementias is significantly hampered by the lack of easily accessible biomarkers. Fluid biomarkers of dementias provide indications of disease stage, but have little prognostic value, cannot detect early pathological changes, and can only be measured in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) which significantly limits their applicability. In contrast, imaging based biomarkers can provide indications of probability of disease progression, yet are limited in applicability due to cost, radiation and radio-tracers. These aspects highlight the need for other approaches to the development of biomarkers of dementia, which should focus on not only providing information about pathological changes, but also on being measured easily and reproducibly. For other diseases, focus on development of assays monitoring highly specific protease-generated cleavage fragments of proteins has provided assays, which in serum or plasma have the ability to predict early pathological changes. Proteolytic processing of brain proteins, such as tau, APP, and α-synuclein, is a key pathological event in dementias. Here, we speculate that aiming biomarker development for dementias at detecting small brain protein degradation fragments of generated by brain-derived proteases specifically in blood samples could lead to the development of novel markers of disease progression, stage and importantly of treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- Department of Biomarker Development, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Beijing 102206, China
| | - M. G. Sørensen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Q. Zheng
- Department of Biomarker Development, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Beijing 102206, China
| | - C. Zhang
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - M. A. Karsdal
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - K. Henriksen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mathew A, Aravind A, Brahatheeswaran D, Fukuda T, Nagaoka Y, Hasumura T, Iwai S, Morimoto H, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Venugopal K, Kumar DS. Amyloid-Binding Aptamer Conjugated Curcumin–PLGA Nanoparticle for Potential Use in Alzheimer’s Disease. BIONANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-012-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
23
|
Song F, Poljak A, Valenzuela M, Mayeux R, Smythe GA, Sachdev PS. Meta-analysis of plasma amyloid-β levels in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26:365-75. [PMID: 21709378 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels have been proposed as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but studies have produced inconsistent results. We present a meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies that examined plasma Aβ levels in AD and cognitively normal subjects, and longitudinal studies that used baseline plasma Aβ levels to predict conversion from normal cognition to AD. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched to generate an initial list of relevant studies, and selected authors approached for additional data. Twelve cross- sectional studies (n = 1483) and seven longitudinal (n = 3920) met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Random effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) by Review Manager Version 4.2. In longitudinal studies, cognitively normal individuals who converted to AD had higher baseline Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels (WMD: 10.29, z = 3.80, p = 0.0001 and WMD: 8.01, z = 2.76, p = 0.006, respectively), and non-significantly increased Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio (WMD: 0.03, z = 1.65, p = 0.10). In cross sectional studies, compared to cognitively normal individuals, AD patients had marginally but non-significantly lower Aβ1-42 levels (WMD:-2.84, z = 1.73, p = 0.08), but Aβ1-40 levels were not significantly different (WMD: 3.43, z = 0.40, p = 0.69). Our systematic review suggests a model of differential longitudinal changes in plasma Aβ levels in cognitively stable individuals versus those who go on to develop AD dementia. Baseline Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in cognitively normal elderly individuals might be predictors of higher rates of progression to AD, and should be further explored as potential biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
van den Boogaard M, Kox M, Quinn KL, van Achterberg T, van der Hoeven JG, Schoonhoven L, Pickkers P. Biomarkers associated with delirium in critically ill patients and their relation with long-term subjective cognitive dysfunction; indications for different pathways governing delirium in inflamed and noninflamed patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2011; 15:R297. [PMID: 22206727 PMCID: PMC3388649 DOI: 10.1186/cc10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Delirium occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with disease severity and infection. Although several pathways for delirium have been described, biomarkers associated with delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is not well studied. We examined plasma biomarkers in delirious and nondelirious patients and the role of these biomarkers on long-term cognitive function. Methods In an exploratory observational study, we included 100 ICU patients with or without delirium and with ("inflamed") and without ("noninflamed") infection/systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Delirium was diagnosed by using the confusion-assessment method-ICU (CAM-ICU). Within 24 hours after the onset of delirium, blood was obtained for biomarker analysis. No differences in patient characteristics were found between delirious and nondelirious patients. To determine associations between biomarkers and delirium, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Eighteen months after ICU discharge, a cognitive-failure questionnaire was distributed to the ICU survivors. Results In total, 50 delirious and 50 nondelirious patients were included. We found that IL-8, MCP-1, procalcitonin (PCT), cortisol, and S100-β were significantly associated with delirium in inflamed patients (n = 46). In the noninflamed group of patients (n = 54), IL-8, IL-1ra, IL-10 ratio Aβ1-42/40, and ratio AβN-42/40 were significantly associated with delirium. In multivariate regression analysis, IL-8 was independently associated (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8 to 44.0) with delirium in inflamed patients and IL-10 (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.9), and Aβ1-42/40 (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.50) with delirium in noninflamed patients. Furthermore, levels of several amyloid-β forms, but not human Tau or S100-β, were significantly correlated with self-reported cognitive impairment 18 months after ICU discharge, whereas inflammatory markers were not correlated to impaired long-term cognitive function. Conclusions In inflamed patients, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 was associated with delirium, whereas in noninflamed patients, antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 and Aβ1-42/40 were associated with delirium. This suggests that the underlying mechanism governing the development of delirium in inflamed patients differs from that in noninflamed patients. Finally, elevated levels of amyloid-β correlated with long-term subjective cognitive-impairment delirium may represent the first sign of a (subclinical) dementia process. Future studies must confirm these results. The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Register (NCT00604773).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark van den Boogaard
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lame ME, Chambers EE, Blatnik M. Quantitation of amyloid beta peptides Aβ1–38, Aβ1–40, and Aβ1–42 in human cerebrospinal fluid by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|