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Shi Y, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Tan Z, Fan L. Axially Growing Carbon Quantum Ribbon with 2D Stacking Control for High-Stability Solar Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400817. [PMID: 39031527 PMCID: PMC11425258 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Although power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells (SCs) continues to improve, they are still far from practical application because of their complex synthesis process, high cost and inferior operational stability. Carbon quantum dots with high material stability and remarkable photoluminescence are successfully used in light-emitting diodes. A good light emitter should also be an efficient SC according to the photon balance in Shockley-Quieisser formulation, in which all excitons are ultimately separated. However, the finite quantum-sized sp2 domain leads to tight exciton bonding, and highly delocalized electron clouds in irregular molecular stacks form disordered charge transfer, resulting in severe energy loss. Herein, an axially growing carbon quantum ribbon (AG-CQR) with a wide optical absorption range of 440-850 nm is reported. Structural and computational studies reveal that AG-CQRs (aspect ratio ≈2:1) with carbonyl groups at both ends regulate energy level and efficiently separate excitons. The stacking-controlled two-dimensional AG-CQR film further directionally transfers electrons and holes, particularly in AB stacking mode. Using this film as active layer alone, the SCs yield a maximum PCE of 1.22%, impressive long-term operational stability of 380 h, and repeatability. This study opens the door for the development of new-generation carbon-nanomaterial-based SCs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Yongshuai Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering DepartmentBeijing University of Chemical Technology InstitutionBeijing100029China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering DepartmentBeijing University of Chemical Technology InstitutionBeijing100029China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
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2
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Liang S, Xiao C, Xie C, Liu B, Fang H, Li W. 13% Single-Component Organic Solar Cells based on Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Y-Series Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300629. [PMID: 36814317 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Double-cable conjugated polymers with pendent electron acceptors, including fullerene, rylene diimides, and nonfused acceptors, have been developed for application in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) with efficiencies approaching 10%. In this work, Y-series electron acceptors have been firstly incorporated into double-cable polymers in order to further improve the efficiencies of SCOSCs. A highly crystalline Y-series acceptor based on quinoxaline core and the random copolymerized strategy are used to optimize the ambipolar charge transport and the nanophase separation of the double-cable polymers. As a result, an efficiency of 13.02% is obtained in the random double-cable polymer, representing the highest performance in SCOSCs, while the regular double-cable polymer only provides a low efficiency of 2.75%. The significantly enhanced efficiencies are attributed to higher charge carrier mobilities, better ordering conjugated backbones and Y-series acceptors in random double-cable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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3
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Hu H, Mu X, Li B, Gui R, Shi R, Chen T, Liu J, Yuan J, Ma J, Gao K, Hao X, Yin H. Desirable Uniformity and Reproducibility of Electron Transport in Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205040. [PMID: 36658728 PMCID: PMC10015880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the simplified fabrication process and desirable microstructural stability, the limited charge transport properties of block copolymers and double-cable conjugated polymers hinder the overall performance of single-component photovoltaic devices. Based on the key distinction in the donor (D)-acceptor (A) bonding patterns between single-component and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, rationalizing the difference between the transport mechanisms is crucial to understanding the structure-property correlation. Herein, the barrier formed between the D-A covalent bond that hinders electron transport in a series of single-component photovoltaic devices is investigated. The electron transport in block copolymer-based devices is strongly dependent on the electric field. However, these devices demonstrate exceptional advantages with respect to the charge transport properties, involving high stability to compositional variations, improved film uniformity, and device reproducibility. This work not only illustrates the specific charge transport behavior in block copolymer-based devices but also clarifies the enormous commercial viability of large-area single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Hu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Mu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
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Wang R, Xia D, Jiang X, Zhao C, Zhou S, Fang H, Wang J, Tang Z, Xiao C, Li W. N-Annulated Perylene Bisimide-Based Double-Cable Polymers with Open-Circuit Voltage Approaching 1.20 V in Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47952-47960. [PMID: 36222398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have introduced single/double-sided N-annulated perylene bisimide (PBI) with deep energy levels into double-cable polymers with poly[1-(5-(4,8-bis(4-chloro-5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-methylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione] (PBDB-T-Cl) as a donor backbone, marking as s-PPNR and as-PPNR, according to the molecular symmetry. Both double-cable polymers displayed a high open-circuit voltage approaching 1.20 V in light of high energy level discrepancy between electron-donating and electron-withdrawing parts, which is the highest open-circuit voltage among double-cable-based single-component organic solar cell (SCOSC) devices. Additionally, the asymmetric polymer displayed improved absorption spectra, thereby promoting crystallization and phase separation. Consequently, the as-PPNR-based SCOSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency of 5.05% along with a higher short-circuit current density and fill factor than their s-PPNR-based counterparts. In this work, we have successfully incorporated N-annulated PBI into double-cable polymers and revealed the important effects on structural symmetry and phase separation of double-cable polymers for higher SCOSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
| | - Shengxi Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Bao HY, Yang ZF, Zhao YJ, Gao X, Tong XZ, Wang YN, Sun FB, Gao JH, Li WW, Liu ZT. Chlorinated Effects of Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers on the Photovoltaic Performance in Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Liang S, Liu B, Karuthedath S, Wang J, He Y, Tan WL, Li H, Xu Y, Li N, Hou J, Tang Z, Laquai F, McNeill CR, Brabec CJ, Li W. Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Near-Infrared Electron Acceptors for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209316. [PMID: 35785422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Double-cable conjugated polymers with near-infrared (NIR) electron acceptors are synthesized for use in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). Through the development of a judicious synthetic pathway, the highly sensitive nature of the 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC)-based electron acceptors in basic and protonic solvents is overcome. In addition, an asymmetric design motif is adopted to optimize the packing of donor and acceptor segments, enhancing charge separation efficiency. As such, the new double-cable polymers are successfully applied in SCOSCs, providing an efficiency of over 10 % with a broad photo response from 300 to 850 nm and exhibiting excellent thermal/light stability. These results demonstrate the powerful design of NIR-acceptor-based double-cable polymers and will enable SCOSCs to enter a new stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yakun He
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Liang S, Liu B, Karuthedath S, Wang J, He Y, Tan WL, Li H, Xu Y, Li N, Hou J, Tang Z, Laquai F, McNeill CR, Brabec CJ, Li W. Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Near‐Infrared Electron Acceptors for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites CHINA
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites CHINA
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST solar center SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Jing Wang
- Donghua University College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yakun He
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology GERMANY
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Monash University Department of Materials Science and Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Beijing Jiaotong University College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ning Li
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology GERMANY
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zheng Tang
- Donghua University College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST solar center SAUDI ARABIA
| | | | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology GERMANY
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 100190 Beijing CHINA
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8
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Impact of pendent naphthalenedimide content in random double-cable conjugated polymers on their microstructures and photovoltaic performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Liu BQ, Xu YH, Liu F, Xie CC, Liang SJ, Chen QM, Li WW. Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Fullerene Pendant for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Doat O, Barboza BH, Batagin‐Neto A, Bégué D, Hiorns RC. Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Doat
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Bruno H Barboza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences, POSMAT Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
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11
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Madhu M, Ramakrishnan R, Vijay V, Hariharan M. Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor-Acceptor Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8234-8284. [PMID: 34133137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the high photoconversion efficiency observed in natural light-harvesting systems, the hierarchical organization of molecular building blocks has gained impetus in the past few decades. Particularly, the molecular arrangement and packing in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the decisive role of the nature of donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions in charge carrier generation and ultimately the power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the recent developments in emergent optoelectronic properties exhibited by self-sorted donor-on-donor/acceptor-on-acceptor arrangement of covalently linked D-A systems, highlighting the ultrafast excited state dynamics of charge transfer and transport. Segregated organization of donors and acceptors promotes the delocalization of photoinduced charges among the stacks, engendering an enhanced charge separation lifetime and percolation pathways with ambipolar conductivity and charge carrier yield. Covalently linking donors and acceptors ensure a sufficient D-A interface and interchromophoric electronic coupling as required for faster charge separation while providing better control over their supramolecular assemblies. The design strategies to attain D-A conjugate assemblies with optimal charge carrier generation efficiency, the scope of their application compared to state-of-the-art OSCs, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed in the review. An integrated overview of rational design approaches derived from the comprehension of underlying photoinduced processes can pave the way toward superior optoelectronic devices and bring in new possibilities to the avenue of functional supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Madhu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Vishnu Vijay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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12
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Liang S, Jiang X, Xiao C, Li C, Chen Q, Li W. Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendant Rylene Diimides for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2227-2237. [PMID: 33852280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusConjugated polymers for application in organic solar cells (OSCs) have been developed from poly(phenylenevinylene) to poly(3-hexylthiophene) and then to "donor-acceptor" structures, providing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 18% when blending with the electron acceptor as a two-component photoactive layer. Besides, graft-structural double-cable conjugated polymers that use an electron donor as conjugated backbones and an electron acceptor as pendant side units are one kind of conjugated polymer, in which charge carriers are generated in a single polymer. Therefore, double-cable conjugated polymers can be used as a single photoactive layer in single-component OSCs (SCOSCs). The covalently linked electron donor and acceptor enable double-cable polymers to maintain stable microstructures during long-term operation compared to two-component systems, which is very important for OSCs toward large-area applications. However, SCOSCs based on double-cable conjugated polymers provided PCEs below 3% in a long period, which is lagging far behind PCEs of two-component OSCs. The key reason for this is the limited number of chemical structures and the difficulty to tune the morphology in these polymers.In this Account, we provide an overview about our efforts on developing new double-cable conjugated polymers with rylene diimides as side units, and how to realize high PCEs in SCOSC devices. The studies start from developing a "functionalization-polymerization" method to synthesize the polymers containing rylene diimide acceptors, so that large amounts of double-cable conjugated polymers with distinct physical and electrochemical properties were obtained. Then, we will discuss how to control the nanophase separation in the crystalline region and optimize the miscibility in the amorphous region of double-cable polymers, simultaneously facilitating exciton dissociation and charge transport. With these efforts, a high PCE of 8.4% has been obtained, representing the record PCE in SCOSCs. In addition, the physical process and the stability of SCOSCs will be discussed. We hope that this account will inspire many innovative studies in this field and push the PCEs of SCOSCs to a new stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
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13
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Single-Component Organic Solar Cells Based on Intramolecular Charge Transfer Photoabsorption. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051200. [PMID: 33806446 PMCID: PMC7962027 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated donor–acceptor molecules with intramolecular charge transfer absorption are employed for single-component organic solar cells. Among the five types of donor–acceptor molecules, the strong push–pull structure of DTDCPB resulted in solar cells with high JSC, an internal quantum efficiency exceeding 20%, and high VOC exceeding 1 V with little photon energy loss around 0.7 eV. The exciton binding energy (EBE), which is a key factor in enhancing the photocurrent in the single-component device, was determined by quantum chemical calculation. The relationship between the photoexcited state and the device performance suggests that the strong internal charge transfer is effective for reducing the EBE. Furthermore, molecular packing in the film is shown to influence photogeneration in the film bulk.
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14
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Sakai-Otsuka Y, Ogawa Y, Satoh T, Chen WC, Borsali R. Carbohydrate-attached fullerene derivative for selective localization in ordered carbohydrate-block-poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanodomains. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117528. [PMID: 33436260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A carbohydrate-based fullerene derivative (AcMal7-C61) is designed, synthesized and applied to a lamellar-forming high-χ block copolymer system, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-peracetylated maltoheptaose (P3HT-b-AcMal7), to actualize an ordered donor/acceptor (D/A) network. A well-defined D/A lamellar structure of the P3HT-b-AcMal7:AcMal7-C61 blend with sub-10 nm domain features is achieved upon thermal annealing. The AcMal7-C61 molecules are localized in the phase-separated AcMal7 nanodomains without causing the formation of fullerene crystals while maintaining the lamellar morphology up to 1:0.5 (D:A) blending ratio. The cross-sectional TEM observation and GISAXS measurement reveals that the P3HT-b-AcMal7 tends to spontaneously organize into lamellar structures oriented perpendicular to the film surface at the air/film interface while the domain orientation at the bottom interface depends on the nature of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Müller S, Manger F, Graf von Reventlow L, Colsmann A, Wagenknecht HA. Molecular Chromophore-DNA Architectures With Fullerenes: Optical Properties and Solar Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:645006. [PMID: 33708761 PMCID: PMC7941155 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.645006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry allows the construction of complex molecular architectures and the design of collective photophysical properties. DNA is an attractive template to build such supramolecular architectures due to its helical structure, the defined distances between the bases and the canonical base pairing that results in precise control of the chromophore position. The tailored properties of DNA-templated supramolecules eventually allow their implementation into optoelectronic applications. For the generation of free charge carriers from photo-generated excitons, fullerenes can be utilized. We synthesized two fullerene derivates, one of which binds by electrostatic interactions to single-stranded DNA, while the other contains two 2'-deoxyuridine moieties and assembles specifically along oligo-2'-deoxyadenosines (dA20) as DNA template. The DNA-directed assembly of both fullerenes in aqueous solution was investigated by UV/Vis absorbance and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The specific interactions with DNA make fullerenes with the 2'-deoxyuridine moieties a significantly better component for supramolecular DNA architectures. We studied the fluorescence quenching of both fullerenes with a DNA chromophore assembly. To investigate one of the key properties for optoelectronic applications, that is the supramolecular structure of the DNA-based assemblies in the solid phase, we characterized the CD of supramolecular chromophore-DNA architectures in thin films. Remarkably, the helical chirality of the chromophore assemblies that is induced by the DNA template is conserved even in the solid state. Upon implementation into organic solar cells, the external quantum efficiency measurements showed charge carrier generation on all three chromophore components of the DNA assemblies. The fullerenes with the 2'-deoxyuridine moieties enhance the quantum efficiency of the conversion process significantly, demonstrating the potential of DNA as structural element for ordering chromophores into functional π-systems, which may be employed in future organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Manger
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lorenz Graf von Reventlow
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Yuan Q, Zhang Z, Li L, Agbolaghi S, Mousavi S. Improved stability in
P3HT
:
PCBM
photovoltaics by incorporation of
well‐designed
polythiophene/graphene compositions. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zunju Zhang
- Heibei University of Environmental Engineering Qinhuangdao China
| | - Lei Li
- Northeast Petroleum University Qinhuangdao China
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Saina Mousavi
- Department of ChemistryPayame Noor University Tehran Iran
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17
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Roncali J, Grosu I. The Dawn of Single Material Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801026. [PMID: 30643714 PMCID: PMC6325606 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single material organic solar cells (SMOSCs) are based on ambivalent materials containing electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) units capable to ensure the basic functions of light absorption, exciton dissociation, and charge transport. Compared to bicomponent bulk heterojunctions, SMOSCs present several major advantages such as considerable simplification of cell fabrication and a strong stabilization of the morphology of the D/A interface, and thus of the cell lifetime. In addition to these technical issues, SMOSCs pose fundamental questions regarding the possible formation, and dissociation of excitons on the same molecular D-A architecture. SMOSCs are developed with various approaches, namely "double-cable" polymers, block copolymers, oligomers, and molecules that differ by the donor platform: polymer or molecule, the nature of A, the D-A connection, and the intra- and intermolecular interactions of D and A. Although for several years the maximum efficiency of SMOSCs has remained limited to 1.0-1.5%, impressive progress has been recently accomplished leading to SMOSCs with 4.0-5.0% efficiency. Here, recent advances in the synthesis of D-A materials for SMOSCs are presented in the broader context of the chemistry of organic photovoltaic materials in order to discuss possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Roncali
- Group Linear Conjugated SystemsMoltech Anjou CNRSUniversity of Angers2Bd lavoisier49045AngersFrance
| | - Ion Grosu
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry CenterBabeş‐Bolyai University11 Arany Janos str.400028Cluj‐NapocaRomania
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18
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Liang S, Xu Y, Li C, Li J, Wang D, Li W. Realizing lamellar nanophase separation in a double-cable conjugated polymer via a solvent annealing process. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A double-cable conjugated polymer based on crystalline polythiophene backbone and perylene bisimide side units was developed to realize ordered lamellar structures via solvent annealing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions
- 6160 MD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
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19
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Lee JH, Park CG, Kim A, Kim HJ, Kim Y, Park S, Cho MJ, Choi DH. High-Performance Polymer Solar Cell with Single Active Material of Fully Conjugated Block Copolymer Composed of Wide-Band gap Donor and Narrow-Band gap Acceptor Blocks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18974-18983. [PMID: 29761694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a novel fully conjugated block copolymer, P3, in which a wide-band gap donor block (P1) was connected to a narrow-band gap acceptor block (P2). As P3 contains P1 block with a wide bandgap and P2 block with a narrow bandgap, it exhibits a very wide complementary absorption. Transient photoluminescence measurement using P3 dilute solution demonstrated intramolecular charge transfer between the P1 block and the P2 block, which was not observed in a P1/P2 blend solution. A P3 thin film showed complete PL quenching because the photoinduced inter-/intramolecular charge transfer states were effectively formed. This phenomenon can play an important role in the photovoltaic properties of P3-based polymer solar cells. A single active material polymer solar cell (SAMPSC) fabricated from P3 alone exhibited a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.87% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.93 V and a short-circuit current of 8.26 mA/cm2, demonstrating a much better performance than a binary P1-/P2-based polymer solar cell (PCE = 1.14%). This result facilitates the possible improvement of the photovoltaic performance of SAMPSCs by inducing favorable nanophase segregation between p- and n blocks. In addition, owing to the high morphological stability of the block copolymer, excellent shelf-life was observed in a P3-based SAMPSC compared with a P1/P2-based PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Chang Geun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Aesun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Youngseo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 145 Anam-Ro , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
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20
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Sit W, Eisner FD, Lin Y, Firdaus Y, Seitkhan A, Balawi AH, Laquai F, Burgess CH, McLachlan MA, Volonakis G, Giustino F, Anthopoulos TD. High-Efficiency Fullerene Solar Cells Enabled by a Spontaneously Formed Mesostructured CuSCN-Nanowire Heterointerface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700980. [PMID: 29721432 PMCID: PMC5908360 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes and their derivatives are widely used as electron acceptors in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells as they combine high electron mobility with good solubility and miscibility with relevant semiconducting polymers. However, studies on the use of fullerenes as the sole photogeneration and charge-carrier material are scarce. Here, a new type of solution-processed small-molecule solar cell based on the two most commonly used methanofullerenes, namely [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM), as the light absorbing materials, is reported. First, it is shown that both fullerene derivatives exhibit excellent ambipolar charge transport with balanced hole and electron mobilities. When the two derivatives are spin-coated over the wide bandgap p-type semiconductor copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈1%, are obtained. Blending the CuSCN with PC70BM is shown to increase the performance further yielding cells with an open-circuit voltage of ≈0.93 V and a PCE of 5.4%. Microstructural analysis reveals that the key to this success is the spontaneous formation of a unique mesostructured p-n-like heterointerface between CuSCN and PC70BM. The findings pave the way to an exciting new class of single photoactive material based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai‐Yu Sit
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Flurin D. Eisner
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Yen‐Hung Lin
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Akmaral Seitkhan
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Balawi
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire H. Burgess
- Department of MaterialsFaculty of EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Martyn A. McLachlan
- Department of MaterialsFaculty of EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - George Volonakis
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Feliciano Giustino
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PHUK
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14850USA
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
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21
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Chen N, Lu J, Wang D, Zheng C, Wu H, Zhang H, Gao D. A Double-Cable Poly(fluorene-alt-thiophene) with Bay-Substituted Perylenediimide Pendants: An Efficient Interfacial Material in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naiwu Chen
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jurong Lu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Danbei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Huarui Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Gao
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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22
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Nakano K, Tajima K. Organic Planar Heterojunctions: From Models for Interfaces in Bulk Heterojunctions to High-Performance Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603269. [PMID: 27885716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress regarding planar heterojunctions (PHJs) is reviewed, with respect to the fundamental understanding of the photophysical processes at the donor/acceptor interfaces in organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The current state of OPV research is summarized and the advantages of PHJs as models for exploring the relationship between organic interfaces and device characteristics described. The preparation methods and the characterization of PHJ structures to provide key points for the appropriate handling of PHJs. Next, we describe the effects of the donor/acceptor interface on each photoelectric conversion process are reviewed by examining various PHJ systems to clarify what is currently known and not known. Finally, it is discussed how we the knowledge obtained by studies of PHJs can be used to overcome the current limits of OPV efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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23
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Mitchell VD, Gann E, Huettner S, Singh CR, Subbiah J, Thomsen L, McNeill CR, Thelakkat M, Jones DJ. Morphological and Device Evaluation of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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24
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Irregular polystyrene peroxides – a promising macroinitiators synthesized by radical polymerization under oxygen inflow. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Chen P, Nakano K, Suzuki K, Hashimoto K, Kikitsu T, Hashizume D, Koganezawa T, Tajima K. Organic Solar Cells with Controlled Nanostructures Based on Microphase Separation of Fullerene-Attached Thiophene-Selenophene Heteroblock Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4758-4768. [PMID: 28094499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heteroblock copolymers consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-attached poly(3-alkylselenophene) (T-b-Se-PCBP) were synthesized for organic photovoltaic applications by quasi-living catalyst transfer polycondensation and subsequent conversion reactions. Characterization of the polymers confirmed the formation of well-defined diblock structures with high loading of the fullerene at the side chain (∼40 wt %). Heteroblock copolymer cast as a thin film showed a clear microphase-separated nanostructure approximately 30 nm in repeating unit after thermal annealing, which is identical to the microphase-separated nanostructure of diblock copolymer consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-attached poly(3-alkylthiophene) (T-b-T-PCBP). These heteroblock copolymers provide an ideal platform for investigating the effects of nanostructures and interfacial energetics on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Chen
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoka Kikitsu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) , SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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26
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Guerrero A, Garcia-Belmonte G. Recent Advances to Understand Morphology Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:10. [PMID: 30460307 PMCID: PMC6223777 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic devices are on the verge of commercialization with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10 % in laboratory cells and above 8.5 % in modules. However, one of the main limitations hindering their mass scale production is the debatable inferior stability of organic photovoltaic devices in comparison to other technologies. Adequate donor/acceptor morphology of the active layer is required to provide carrier separation and transport to the electrodes. Unfortunately, the beneficial morphology for device performance is usually a kinetically frozen state which has not reached thermodynamic equilibrium. During the last 5 years, special efforts have been dedicated to isolate the effects related to morphology changes taking place within the active layer and compare to those affecting the interfaces with the external electrodes. The current review discusses some of the factors affecting the donor/acceptor morphology evolution as one of the major intrinsic degradation pathways. Special attention is paid to factors in the nano- and microscale domain. For example, phase segregation of the polymer and fullerene domains due to Ostwald ripening is a major factor in the microscale domain and is affected by the presence of additives, glass transition temperature of the polymers or use of crosslinkers in the active layer. Alternatively, the role of vertical segregation profile toward the external electrodes is key for device operation, being a clear case of nanoscale morphology evolution. For example, donor and acceptor molecules actually present at the external interfaces will determine the leakage current of the device, energy-level alignment, and interfacial recombination processes. Different techniques have been developed over the last few years to understand its relationship with the device efficiency. Of special interest are those techniques which enable in situ analysis being non-destructive as they can be used to study accelerated degradation experiments and some will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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27
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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28
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Nanoscale Morphology from Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers: Formation and Functions. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28338-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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29
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Watson BW, Meng L, Fetrow C, Qin Y. Core/Shell Conjugated Polymer/Quantum Dot Composite Nanofibers through Orthogonal Non-Covalent Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8120408. [PMID: 30974686 PMCID: PMC6432181 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructuring organic polymers and organic/inorganic hybrid materials and controlling blend morphologies at the molecular level are the prerequisites for modern electronic devices including biological sensors, light emitting diodes, memory devices and solar cells. To achieve all-around high performance, multiple organic and inorganic entities, each designed for specific functions, are commonly incorporated into a single device. Accurate arrangement of these components is a crucial goal in order to achieve the overall synergistic effects. We describe here a facile methodology of nanostructuring conjugated polymers and inorganic quantum dots into well-ordered core/shell composite nanofibers through cooperation of several orthogonal non-covalent interactions including conjugated polymer crystallization, block copolymer self-assembly and coordination interactions. Our methods provide precise control on the spatial arrangements among the various building blocks that are otherwise incompatible with one another, and should find applications in modern organic electronic devices such as solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad W Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Lingyao Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Chris Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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30
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High efficient and stabilized photovoltaics via morphology manipulating in active layer by rod-coil block copolymers comprising different hydrophilic to hydrophobic dielectric blocks. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Does organic/organic interface mimic band bending by deforming structure? J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Brady MA, Ku SY, Perez LA, Cochran JE, Schmidt K, Weiss TM, Toney MF, Ade H, Hexemer A, Wang C, Hawker CJ, Kramer EJ, Chabinyc ML. Role of Solution Structure in Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Schmidt
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Kang H, Kim G, Kim J, Kwon S, Kim H, Lee K. Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Five Core Technologies for Their Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7821-7861. [PMID: 27345936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades of vigorous interdisciplinary approaches has seen tremendous breakthroughs in both scientific and technological developments of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nanocomposites of π-conjugated organic semiconductors. Because of their unique functionalities, the OSC field is expected to enable innovative photovoltaic applications that can be difficult to achieve using traditional inorganic solar cells: OSCs are printable, portable, wearable, disposable, biocompatible, and attachable to curved surfaces. The ultimate objective of this field is to develop cost-effective, stable, and high-performance photovoltaic modules fabricated on large-area flexible plastic substrates via high-volume/throughput roll-to-roll printing processing and thus achieve the practical implementation of OSCs. Recently, intensive research efforts into the development of organic materials, processing techniques, interface engineering, and device architectures have led to a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiencies, exceeding 11%, which has finally brought OSCs close to commercialization. Current research interests are expanding from academic to industrial viewpoints to improve device stability and compatibility with large-scale printing processes, which must be addressed to realize viable applications. Here, both academic and industrial issues are reviewed by highlighting historically monumental research results and recent state-of-the-art progress in OSCs. Moreover, perspectives on five core technologies that affect the realization of the practical use of OSCs are presented, including device efficiency, device stability, flexible and transparent electrodes, module designs, and printing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkyu Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunjin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooncheol Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Roles of Energy/Charge Cascades and Intermixed Layers at Donor/Acceptor Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29529. [PMID: 27404948 PMCID: PMC4941572 DOI: 10.1038/srep29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The secret to the success of mixed bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) in yielding highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) could reside in the molecular structures at their donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of energy and charge cascade structures at the interfaces by using well-defined planar heterojunctions (PHJs) as a model system. The results showed that (1) the charge cascade structure enhanced VOC because it shuts down the recombination pathway through charge transfer (CT) state with a low energy, (2) the charge cascade layer having a wider energy gap than the bulk material decreased JSC because the diffusion of the excitons from the bulk to D/A interface was blocked; the energy of the cascade layers must be appropriately arranged for both the charges and the excitons, and (3) molecular intermixing in the cascade layer opened the recombination path through the low-energy CT state and decreased VOC. Based on these findings, we propose improved structures for D/A interfaces in BHJs.
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35
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Hufnagel M, Fischer M, Thurn-Albrecht T, Thelakkat M. Influence of Fullerene Grafting Density on Structure, Dynamics, and Charge Transport in P3HT-b-PPC61BM Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hufnagel
- Applied
Functional Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Experimental
Polymer Physics Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental
Polymer Physics Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied
Functional Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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36
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Liu J, Zhu X, Li J, Shen J, Tu G. Enhancing the thermal stability of the bulk-heterojunction photovoltaics based on P3HT/PCBM by incorporating diblock amphipathic P3HT–PEO at D/A interface. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08385d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A diblock amphipathic copolymer P3HT–PEO was rationally designed and easily synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Junli Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Jiulin Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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37
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Arumugam S, Cortizo-Lacalle D, Rossbauer S, Hunter S, Kanibolotsky AL, Inigo AR, Lane PA, Anthopoulos TD, Skabara PJ. An Air-Stable DPP-thieno-TTF Copolymer for Single-Material Solar Cell Devices and Field Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27999-28005. [PMID: 25832195 DOI: 10.1021/am5080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Following an approach developed in our group to incorporate tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units into conjugated polymeric systems, we have studied a low band gap polymer incorporating TTF as a donor component. This polymer is based on a fused thieno-TTF unit that enables the direct incorporation of the TTF unit into the polymer, and a second comonomer based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecule. These units represent a donor-acceptor copolymer system, p(DPP-TTF), showing strong absorption in the UV-visible region of the spectrum. An optimized p(DPP-TTF) polymer organic field effect transistor and a single material organic solar cell device showed excellent performance with a hole mobility of up to 5.3 × 10(-2) cm(2)/(V s) and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.3%, respectively. Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices of p(DPP-TTF) blended with phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) exhibited a PCE of 1.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Arumugam
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Cortizo-Lacalle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Rossbauer
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hunter
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry , 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Anto R Inigo
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Lane
- U.S. Naval Research Lab 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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38
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Ensslen P, Gärtner S, Glaser K, Colsmann A, Wagenknecht HA. A DNA-Fullerene Conjugate as a Template for Supramolecular Chromophore Assemblies: Towards DNA-Based Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1904-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ensslen
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stefan Gärtner
- Lichttechnisches Institut; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Konstantin Glaser
- Lichttechnisches Institut; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Lichttechnisches Institut; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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39
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Ensslen P, Gärtner S, Glaser K, Colsmann A, Wagenknecht HA. Ein DNA-Fulleren-Konjugat als Templat für supramolekulare Chromophorstapel: Auf dem Weg zu DNA-basierten Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ensslen
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Stefan Gärtner
- Lichttechnisches Institut; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Glaser
- Lichttechnisches Institut; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Lichttechnisches Institut; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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40
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Conjugated polymer/fullerene nanostructures through cooperative non-covalent interactions for organic solar cells. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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van As D, Subbiah J, Jones DJ, Wong WWH. Controlled Synthesis of Well-Defined Semiconducting Brush Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean van As
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Wallace W. H. Wong
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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42
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Gupta G, Singh CR, Lohwasser RH, Himmerlich M, Krischok S, Müller-Buschbaum P, Thelakkat M, Hoppe H, Thurn-Albrecht T. Morphology, Crystal Structure and Charge Transport in Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12309-12318. [PMID: 25531947 DOI: 10.1021/am5049948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied structure and charge transport properties of thin films of donor-acceptor block copolymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene-block-perylene bisimide acrylate), using a combination of X-ray scattering, AFM and vertical charge transport measurements in diode devices. Block copolymer self-assembly and crystallization of the individual components are interrelated and different structural states of the films could be prepared by varying preparation conditions and thermal history. Generally the well-defined microphase structures found previously in bulk could also be prepared in thin films, in addition alignment induced by interfacial interactions was observed. Microphase separated block copolymers sustain ambipolar charge transport, but the exact values of electron and hole mobilities depend strongly on orientation and connectivity of the microdomains as well as the molecular order within the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- †Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelman Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chetan R Singh
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Ruth H Lohwasser
- §Makromolekulare Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and
| | - Marcel Himmerlich
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Stefan Krischok
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- ⊥Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- §Makromolekulare Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and
| | - Harald Hoppe
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- †Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelman Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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43
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Haruk AM, Mativetsky JM. Supramolecular Approaches to Nanoscale Morphological Control in Organic Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13381-406. [PMID: 26110382 PMCID: PMC4490500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Having recently surpassed 10% efficiency, solar cells based on organic molecules are poised to become a viable low-cost clean energy source with the added advantages of mechanical flexibility and light weight. The best-performing organic solar cells rely on a nanostructured active layer morphology consisting of a complex organization of electron donating and electron accepting molecules. Although much progress has been made in designing new donor and acceptor molecules, rational control over active layer morphology remains a central challenge. Long-term device stability is another important consideration that needs to be addressed. This review highlights supramolecular strategies for generating highly stable nanostructured organic photovoltaic active materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Haruk
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Mativetsky
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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44
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Wolski K, Szuwarzyński M, Kopeć M, Zapotoczny S. Ordered photo- and electroactive thin polymer layers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Li F, Yager KG, Dawson NM, Jiang YB, Malloy KJ, Qin Y. Nano-structuring polymer/fullerene composites through the interplay of conjugated polymer crystallization, block copolymer self-assembly and complementary hydrogen bonding interactions. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Core–shell P3HT/fullerene composite nanofibers were obtained using supramolecular chemistry involving cooperative orthogonal non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Noel M. Dawson
- Center for High Technology Materials
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | | | - Kevin J. Malloy
- Center for High Technology Materials
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
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46
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Hufnagel M, Fischer M, Thurn-Albrecht T, Thelakkat M. Donor–acceptor block copolymers carrying pendant PC71BM fullerenes with an ordered nanoscale morphology. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A PC71BM-grafted donor–acceptor block copolymer with enhanced absorption showing a periodic nanostructure of 37 nm both in bulk and in thin films was synthesized by combining KCTP and CRP methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hufnagel
- Applied Functional Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Experimental Polymer Physics Group
- Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental Polymer Physics Group
- Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
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47
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Li Q, Li Z. The utilization of post-synthetic modification in opto-electronic polymers: an effective complementary approach but not a competitive one to the traditional direct polymerization process. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By presenting some typical examples, the recent progress of opto-electronic polymers is reviewed, which were only accessible from the post-synthetic modification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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48
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Kim HJ, Kim JH, Ryu JH, Kim Y, Kang H, Lee WB, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Architectural engineering of rod-coil compatibilizers for producing mechanically and thermally stable polymer solar cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10461-70. [PMID: 25256674 DOI: 10.1021/nn503823z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While most high-efficiency polymer solar cells (PSCs) are made of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends of conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives, they have a significant morphological instability issue against mechanical and thermal stress. Herein, we developed an architecturally engineered compatibilizer, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-graft-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-g-P2VP), that effectively modifies the sharp interface of a BHJ layer composed of a P3HT donor and various fullerene acceptors, resulting in a dramatic enhancement of mechanical and thermal stabilities. We directly measured the mechanical properties of active layer thin films without a supporting substrate by floating a thin film on water, and the enhancement of mechanical stability without loss of the electronic functions of PSCs was successfully demonstrated. Supramolecular interactions between the P2VP of the P3HT-g-P2VP polymers and the fullerenes generated their universal use as compatibilizers regardless of the type of fullerene acceptors, including mono- and bis-adduct fullerenes, while maintaining their high device efficiency. Most importantly, the P3HT-g-P2VP copolymer had better compatibilizing efficiency than linear type P3HT-b-P2VP with much enhanced mechanical and thermal stabilities. The graft architecture promotes preferential segregation at the interface, resulting in broader interfacial width and lower interfacial tension as supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Hollinger J, Seferos DS. Morphology Control of Selenophene–Thiophene Block Copolymers through Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hollinger
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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50
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Schwartz PO, Biniek L, Zaborova E, Heinrich B, Brinkmann M, Leclerc N, Méry S. Perylenediimide-Based Donor–Acceptor Dyads and Triads: Impact of Molecular Architecture on Self-Assembling Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5981-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4129108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Schwartz
- Institut
de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504,
CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Laure Biniek
- Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22 CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Elena Zaborova
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement
et la Santé, UMR 7515, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM,
25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut
de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504,
CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22 CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement
et la Santé, UMR 7515, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM,
25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut
de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504,
CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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