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Wen L, Mao H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Qin Z, Tan L, Chen Y. Achieving Desired Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells via Binary-Dilution Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308159. [PMID: 37831921 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The sequential deposition process has demonstrated the great possibility to achieve a photolayer architecture with an ideal gradient phase separation morphology, which has a vital influence on the physical processes that determine the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the controllable preparation of pseudo-planar heterojunction (P-PHJ) with gradient distribution has not been effectively elucidated. Herein, a binary-dilution strategy is proposed, the PM6 solution with micro acceptor BO-4Cl and the L8-BO solution with micro donor PM6 respectively, to form P-PHJ film. This architecture exists good donor (D) and acceptor (A) vertical gradient distribution and larger D/A interpenetrating regions, which promotes exciton generation and dissociation, shortens charge transport distance and optimizes carrier dynamics. Moreover, the dilution of PM6 by BO-4Cl promotes the regulation of active layer aggregation size and phase purity, thus alleviating energy disorder and voltage loss. As a result, the P-PHJ device exhibits an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.32% with an excellent short-circuit current density of 26.92 mA cm-2 , much higher than planar binary heterojunction (17.67%) and ternary bulk heterojunction (18.49%) devices. This research proves a simple but effective method to provide an avenue for constructing desirable active layer morphology and high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Houdong Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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2
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Kong W, Wang J, Hu Y, Cui N, Yan C, Cai X, Cheng P. P-type Polymers in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307622. [PMID: 37395558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
P-type polymers are polymeric semiconducting materials that conduct holes and have extensive applications in optoelectronics such as organic photovoltaics. Taking the advantage of intrinsic discontinuous light absorption of organic semiconductors, semitransparent organic photovoltaics (STOPVs) present compelling opportunities in various potential applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics, agrivoltaics, automobiles, and wearable electronics. The characteristics of p-type polymers, including optical, electronic, and morphological properties, determine the performance of STOPVs, and the requirements for p-type polymers differ between opaque organic photovoltaics and STOPVs. Hence, in this Minireview, recent advances of p-type polymers used in STOPVs are systematically summarized, with emphasis on the effects of chemical structures, conformation structures, and aggregation structures of p-type polymers on the performance of STOPVs. Furthermore, new design concepts and guidelines are also proposed for p-type polymers to facilitate the future development of high-performance STOPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Kong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yingyue Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ningbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xufu Cai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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3
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Yokoyama S, Ie Y. Fluorinated Dihydropentalene-1,4-Dione: A Strong Electron-Accepting Unit with Organic Semiconductor Characteristics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203873. [PMID: 36639357 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of electron-accepting units is of significant importance because the construction of donor (D)-acceptor (A) configurations is an effective strategy for tuning the electronic properties of π-conjugated systems. Although doubly fused pentagons represented by diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) have been used as an effective electron-accepting unit, the relatively high-lying frontier molecular orbital levels (FMOs) leave room for further improvement. We report herein the synthesis of a fluorinated dihydropentalene-1,4-dione (FPD) derivative as a strong electron-accepting unit and the development of D-A-D π-extended molecules. X-ray analyses revealed that the presence of fluorine atoms contributed to the formation of high planar structures and slipped-stacked packing. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the FPD derivatives showed relatively lower FMO energy levels than the corresponding DPP-containing derivatives. The D-A-D molecule based on terthiophene and FPD showed semiconducting responses. This study demonstrates that the FPD unit can function as a new acceptor unit for organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Xu H, Ma S, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Wang R, Luo Y, Gao X. Machine Learning-Assisted Identification of Copolymer Microstructures Based on Microscopic Images. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47157-47166. [PMID: 36206079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of polymer materials is an important bridge between their molecular structure and macroproperties, which is of great significance to be effectively identified. With the increasing refinement of polymer material design, the microstructure of different polymer materials gradually converges, which is difficult to distinguish. In this study, the machine learning method is applied to recognize the microstructure. A highly accurate and interpretable model based on small experimental data sets has been completed by the methods of transfer learning and feature visualization, making the result of the model that can be explained from the perspective of physical chemistry. This work provides an idea for identifying microstructure and will help further promote intelligent polymer research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo315100, China
| | - Yang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Yingwu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo315100, China
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5
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Fu H, Peng Z, Fan Q, Lin FR, Qi F, Ran Y, Wu Z, Fan B, Jiang K, Woo HY, Lu G, Ade H, Jen AKY. A Top-Down Strategy to Engineer ActiveLayer Morphology for Highly Efficient and Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202608. [PMID: 35748129 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge hindering the further development of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) employing polymerized small-molecule acceptors is the relatively low fill factor (FF) due to the difficulty in controlling the active-layer morphology. The issues typically arise from oversized phase separation resulting from the thermodynamically unfavorable mixing between two macromolecular species, and disordered molecular orientation/packing of highly anisotropic polymer chains. Herein, a facile top-down controlling strategy to engineer the morphology of all-polymer blends is developed by leveraging the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition. Optimal intermixing of polymer components can be achieved in the two-step process by tuning the bottom-layer polymer swelling during top-layer deposition. Consequently, both the molecular orientation/packing of the bottom layer and the molecular ordering of the top layer can be optimized with a suitable top-layer processing solvent. A favorable morphology with gradient vertical composition distribution for efficient charge transport and extraction is therefore realized, affording a high all-PSC efficiency of 17.0% with a FF of 76.1%. The derived devices also possess excellent long-term thermal stability and can retain >90% of their initial efficiencies after being annealed at 65 °C for 1300 h. These results validate the distinct advantages of employing an LBL processing protocol to fabricate high-performance all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qunping Fan
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Francis R Lin
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Qi
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yixin Ran
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Baobing Fan
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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6
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Guo S, Hu Y, Qin M, Li J, Wang Y, Qin J, Cheng P. Toward high-performance organic photovoltaics: the new cooperation of sequential solution-processing and promising non-fullerene acceptors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2097-2108. [PMID: 35670540 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have long been a hot topic due to their light weight, low cost, and flexibility. Simple blend-based OPVs have sufficient donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces and high exciton dissociation efficiency, which result in certified high power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 18%. However, the difficult morphology control and poor device stability limit further progress toward higher PCE and future application. Sequential solution-processing with tunable vertical phase distribution, D/A interfaces, and charge transportation pathways not only benefit device stability but can also overcome the up-scaling challenge. In recent years, the development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has been very rapid, which is attributed to their tunable energy levels, bandgaps, planarity, and crystallinity. In this minireview, the opportunities for the cooperation of sequential solution-processing and NFAs are revealed based on their characteristics, such as diverse molecular shapes, abundant functional groups and heteroatoms, and various aggregation states for NFAs; independent active layer processing, controllable D/A interfaces, and excellent device stability for sequential solution-processing. Few but important existing examples are discussed to display the prospects of sequential solution-processed fullerene-free OPVs toward high PCE, good device stability, high semitransparency, and large-area industrial manufacture. Finally, some possible research directions are predicted and the main issues that need to be overcome are proposed for sequential solution-processed fullerene-free OPVs toward higher performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yingyue Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yinghan Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqiang Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
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7
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Ye S, Lotocki V, Xu H, Seferos DS. Group 16 conjugated polymers based on furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6442-6474. [PMID: 35843215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five-membered aromatic rings containing Group 16 elements (O, S, Se, and Te), also referred as chalcogenophenes, are ubiquitous building blocks for π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Among these, polythiophenes have been established as a model system to study the interplay between molecular structure, solid-state organization, and electronic performance. The judicious substitution of alternative heteroatoms into polythiophenes is a promising strategy for tuning their properties and improving the performance of derived organic electronic devices, thus leading to the recent abundance of CPs containing furan, selenophene, and tellurophene. In this review, we first discuss the current status of Kumada, Negishi, Murahashi, Suzuki-Miyaura, and direct arylation polymerizations, representing the best routes to access well-defined chalcogenophene-containing homopolymers and copolymers. The self-assembly, optical, solid-state, and electronic properties of these polymers and their influence on device performance are then summarized. In addition, we highlight post-polymerization modifications as effective methods to transform polychalcogenophene backbones or side chains in ways that are unobtainable by direct polymerization. Finally, the major challenges and future outlook in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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8
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Li Y, Wu J, Tang H, Yi X, Liu Z, Yang Q, Fu Y, Liu J, Xie Z. Non-Halogenated Solvents and Layer-by-Layer Blade-Coated Ternary Organic Solar Cells via Cascade Acceptor Adjusting Morphology and Crystallization to Reduce Energy Loss. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31054-31065. [PMID: 35763722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of halogenated solvent spin-coated organic solar cells (OSCs) has been boosted to a high level (>18%) by developing efficient photovoltaic materials and precise morphological control. However, the PCE of OSCs prepared from non-halogenated solvents and with a scalable printing process is far behind, limited by tough morphology manipulation. Herein, we have fabricated ternary OSCs by using layer-by-layer (LBL) blade-coating and a non-halogenated solvent. The ternary OSCs based on the PM6:IT-M(1:0.2)/BTP-eC9 active layer are processed with the hydrocarbon solvent 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene with no need of any additives and post-treatment. The vertical donor/acceptor distribution is optimized by LBL blade-coating within the PM6:IT-M(1:0.2)/BTP-eC9 active layer. The cascade acceptor IT-M blended in PM6 not only attenuates the damage of BTP-eC9 to the PM6 crystallization, leading to a dense nanofiber-like morphology, but also prefers to reside between PM6 and BTP-eC9 to form a cascade energy level alignment for a fast charge-transfer process. Finally, the improved morphology and crystallization lead to a reduced molecular recombination, low energy loss, and high open-circuit voltage. The prepared non-halogenated solvent and LBL blade-coated OSCs achieve a PCE of 17.16%. The work provides an approach to fabricate hydrocarbon solvent-processed high-performance OSCs by employing LBL blade-coating and a ternary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zekun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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9
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The structure-performance correlation of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells with multi-length-scale morphology. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Liu S, Li H, Wu X, Chen D, Zhang L, Meng X, Tan L, Hu X, Chen Y. Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics with Optimized Light Utilization for Printable Solar Windows. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201604. [PMID: 35365928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The existing conformation of the active layer is defective for employment of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) in solar windows. Herein, scalable solar windows are successfully printed by introducing a pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure. The PPHJ structure can effectively improve the average visible transmittance (AVT) value while boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of semitransparent devices due to the reduced optical loss. The universality of the PPHJ structure in the preparation of ST-OSCs is proved. Furthermore, an inset of a superhydrophobic patterned soft insertion layer (PSIL) in the encapsulated window improves the waterproof performance without losing transparency. Accordingly, the semitransparent devices based on the 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) system afford a maximal efficiency of 14.62%, with a considerable AVT of 20.42%, and the resultant solar windows achieve a stabilized efficiency of 13.34% with excellent waterproof performance. Moreover, the PCE of the unilateral broken solar windows retains 70.6% of the initial efficiency after being placed under simulated rainfall conditions for 1200 h at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haojie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xueting Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR)/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process/School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiangchuan Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, No.60 Chongzhou Road, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR)/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, No.60 Chongzhou Road, Nantong, 226010, China
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11
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Greenstein BL, Hutchison GR. Organic Photovoltaic Efficiency Predictor: Data-Driven Models for Non-Fullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4235-4243. [PMID: 35522056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the design of organic solar cells, there has been a need for materials with high power conversion efficiencies. Scharber's model is commonly used to predict efficiency; however, it exhibits poor performance with new non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) devices, since it was designed for fullerene-based devices. In this work, an empirical model is proposed that can be a more accurate alternative for NFA organic solar cells. Additionally, many screening studies use computationally expensive methods. A model based on using semiempirical simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) as an alternative method can accelerate the calculations and yield a similar accuracy. The models presented in this paper, termed organic photovoltaic efficiency predictor (OPEP) models, have shown significantly lower errors than previous models, with OPEP/B3LYP yielding errors of 1.53% and OPEP/sTD-DFT of 1.55%. The proposed computational models can be used for the fast and accurate screening of new high-efficiency NFAs/donor pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Greenstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Geoffrey R Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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12
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Liu Z, Tang H, Feng H, Tan CH, Liang Y, Hu Z, Zhang K, Huang F, Cao Y. Anion-Doped Thickness-Insensitive Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Organic Solar Cell. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200190. [PMID: 35510577 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In organic solar cells, interfacial materials play essential roles in charge extraction, transportation, and collection. Currently, highly efficient and thickness-insensitive interfacial materials are urgently needed in printable large area module devices. Herein, water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PFNBT-Br, with medium bandgap based on benzothiadiazole, are doped by two alkali metal sodium salts, NaH2 PO2 , Na2 C2 O4 with different counter anions, to pursue high efficiency and thickness-insensitive electron-transport layers. Results show that the doping of electron-transport material can effectively promote the performance of the devices. Moreover, electron-transport layers doped by these salts with different counter anions show different behaviors in performances. Among which, the salt with oxalate anion C2 O4 2- (also named Ox2- ) shows much better device performance than the salt with hypophosphite anion (H2 PO2 - ), especially under the thick film condition (e.g., 50 nm). The greatly enhanced performances of interfacial material doped by Ox2- are due to reduced Rs between the active layer material and the electrode, reduced dark-current, improved charge transport and extraction efficiency, and decreased charge recombination for the devices at thick-film condition. These results demonstrated that n-doping could be a great potential strategy for making thickness-insensitive interfacial layers, besides, the performances can be further improved by carefully selecting salts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ching-Hong Tan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Youcai Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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13
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Yadav IS, Jang Y, Rout Y, Thomas MB, Misra R, D'Souza F. Near-IR Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Strongly Interacting Diphenothiazene-TCBD and Diphenothiazene-DCNQ Push-Pull Triads. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200348. [PMID: 35275434 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three types of phenothiazines dimers (PTZ-PTZ, 1-3), covalently linked with one or two acetylene linkers, were synthesized by copper-mediated Eglinton and Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in excellent yields. The dimers 1-3 were further engaged in [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions with strong electron acceptors, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to yield tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD, 1 a-3 a), and dicyanoquinodimethane (DCNQ, 1 b-3 b) functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugates, respectively. The conjugates were examined by a series of spectral, computational, and electrochemical studies. Strong ground state polarization leading to new optical transitions was witnessed in both series of D-A conjugates. In the case of DCNQ derived D-A system 1 b, the optical coverage extended until 1200 nm in benzonitrile, making this a rare class of D-A ICT system. Multiple redox processes were witnessed in these D-A systems, and the frontier orbitals generated on DFT optimized structures further supported the ICT phenomenon. Photochemical studies performed using femtosecond pump-probe studies confirmed solvent polarity dependent excited state charge transfer and separation in these novel multi-modular D-A conjugates. The charge-separated states lasted up to 70 ps in benzonitrile while in toluene slightly prolonged lifetime of up to 100 ps was witnessed. The significance of phenothiazine dimer in wide-band optical capture all the way into the near-IR region and promoting ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer in the D-A-D configured multi-modular systems, and the effect of donor-acceptor distance and the solvent polarity was the direct outcome of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 453552, Indore, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 453552, Indore, India
| | - Michael B Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 453552, Indore, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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14
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Hydrogen Production as a Clean Energy Carrier through Heterojunction Semiconductors for Environmental Remediation. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Today, as a result of the advancement of technology and increasing environmental problems, the need for clean energy has considerably increased. In this regard, hydrogen, which is a clean and sustainable energy carrier with high energy density, is among the well-regarded and effective means to deliver and store energy, and can also be used for environmental remediation purposes. Renewable hydrogen energy carriers can successfully substitute fossil fuels and decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and reduce the rate of global warming. Hydrogen generation from sustainable solar energy and water sources is an environmentally friendly resolution for growing global energy demands. Among various solar hydrogen production routes, semiconductor-based photocatalysis seems a promising scheme that is mainly performed using two kinds of homogeneous and heterogeneous methods, of which the latter is more advantageous. During semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalysis, a solid material is stimulated by exposure to light and generates an electron–hole pair that subsequently takes part in redox reactions leading to hydrogen production. This review paper tries to thoroughly introduce and discuss various semiconductor-based photocatalysis processes for environmental remediation with a specific focus on heterojunction semiconductors with the hope that it will pave the way for new designs with higher performance to protect the environment.
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15
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Faure MM, Dindault C, Rice NA, Lessard BH. Layer-by-Layer Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells Using a Solution-Processed Silicon Phthalocyanine Non-Fullerene Acceptor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7541-7549. [PMID: 35284724 PMCID: PMC8908506 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) are promising, inexpensive, and easy to synthesize non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) candidates for all-solution sequentially processed layer-by-layer (LbL) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Here, we report the use of bis(tri-n-butylsilyl oxide) SiPc ((3BS)2-SiPc) paired with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) donors in an LbL OPV structure. Using a direct architecture, P3HT/(3BS)2-SiPc LbL devices show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 3.0%, which is comparable or better than the corresponding bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices with either (3BS)2-SiPc or PC61BM. PBDB-T/(3BS)2-SiPc LbL devices resulted in PCEs up to 3.3%, with an impressive open-circuit voltage (V oc) as high as 1.06 V, which is among the highest V oc obtained employing the LbL approach. We also compared devices incorporating vanadium oxide (VOx) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transporting layer and found that VOx modified the donor layer morphology and led to improved V oc. Probing the composition as a function of film layer depths revealed a similar distribution of active material for both BHJ and LbL structures when using (3BS)2-SiPc as an NFA. These findings suggest that (3BS)2-SiPc is a promising NFA that can be processed using the LbL technique, an inherently easier fabrication methodology for large-area production of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie
D. M. Faure
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Chloé Dindault
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Nicole A. Rice
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Benoît H. Lessard
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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16
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Lv M, Tang Y, Qiu D, Zou W, Zhou R, Liu L, Huang Z, Zhang J, Lu K, Wei Z. Single-bond-linked oligomeric donors for high performance organic solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Madrid-Úsuga D, Ortiz A, Reina JH. Photophysical Properties of BODIPY Derivatives for the Implementation of Organic Solar Cells: A Computational Approach. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3963-3977. [PMID: 35155892 PMCID: PMC8829925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on organic compounds are a proven emergent alternative to conventional electrical energy generation. Here, we provide a computational study of power conversion efficiency optimization of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives by means of their associated open-circuit voltage, short-circuit density, and fill factor. In doing so, we compute for the derivatives' geometrical structures, energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, absorption spectra, light collection efficiencies, and exciton binding energies via density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations. We fully characterize four D-π-A (BODIPY) molecular systems of high efficiency and improved J sc that are well suited for integration into bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells as electron-donor materials in the active layer. Our results are twofold: we found that molecular complexes with a structural isoxazoline ring exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE), a useful result for improving the BHJ current, and, on the other hand, by considering the molecular systems as electron-acceptor materials, with P3HT as the electron donor in the active layer, we found a high PCE compound favorability with a pyrrolidine ring in its structure, in contrast to the molecular systems built with an isoxazoline ring. The theoretical characterization of the electronic properties of the BODIPY derivatives provided here, computed with a combination of ab initio methods and quantum models, can be readily applied to other sets of molecular complexes to hierarchize optimal power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duvalier Madrid-Úsuga
- Centre
for Bioinformatics and Photonics—CIBioFi, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio E20 No. 1069, 760032 Cali, Colombia
- Quantum
Technologies, Information and Complexity Group—QuanTIC, Departamento
de Física, Universidad del Valle, 760032 Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ortiz
- Centre
for Bioinformatics and Photonics—CIBioFi, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio E20 No. 1069, 760032 Cali, Colombia
- Heterocyclic
Compounds Research Group—GICH, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, 760032 Cali, Colombia
| | - John H. Reina
- Centre
for Bioinformatics and Photonics—CIBioFi, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio E20 No. 1069, 760032 Cali, Colombia
- Quantum
Technologies, Information and Complexity Group—QuanTIC, Departamento
de Física, Universidad del Valle, 760032 Cali, Colombia
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18
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Abstract
Metal-containing polymers, or metallopolymers, have diverse applications in the fields of sensors, catalysis, information storage, optoelectronics, and neuromorphic computing, among other areas. The approach of metal-templated subcomponent self-assembly using dynamic covalent linkages allows complex architectures to be formed with relative synthetic ease. The dynamic nature of the linkages between subunits in these systems facilitates error checking during the assembly process and also provides a route to disassemble the structure, rendering these materials recyclable. This Account summarizes a class of double-helical metallopolymers. These metallopolymers are formed via subcomponent self-assembly and consist of two conjugated helical strands wrapping a linear array of CuI centers. Starting from discrete model helicates, we discuss how, through the judicious design of subcomponents, long helical metallopolymers can be obtained and detail their subsequent assembly into nanometer-scale aggregates. Two approaches to generate these helical metallopolymers are compared. We describe methods to govern (i) the length of the metallopolymers, (ii) the relative orientations (head-to-head vs head-to-tail) of the two organic strands, and (iii) the screw-sense of the double helix. Achieving structural control allowed the growth behavior of these systems to be probed. The structure influenced properties in ways that are relevant to specific applications; for example, the length of the metallopolymer determines the color of the light it emits in solution. In the solid state, the ionic nature of these helices renders them useful as both emitters and ionic additives in light-emitting electrochemical cells. Moreover, recent experimental work has clarified the role of the linear array of Cu ions in the transport of charge through these materials. The conductivity displayed by a film of metallopolymer depends upon its history of applied voltage and current, behavior characteristic of a memristor. In addition to the prospective applications already identified, others may be on the horizon, potentially combing stimuli-responsive electronic behavior with the chirality of the helical twist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L. Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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19
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Dual interfacial modifications of an organic solar cell by self-assembled monolayers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Li D, Sun C, Yan T, Yuan J, Zou Y. Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Small-Molecule Acceptors toward High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1787-1797. [PMID: 34841053 PMCID: PMC8614097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying an asymmetric strategy to construct non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays a vital role in the development of organic photovoltaic materials. In the past several years, taking advantage of the larger dipole moment and stronger intermolecular interactions, asymmetric NFSMAs have witnessed tremendous progress in OSCs with a power conversion efficiency of over 18%. From a structural point of view, besides the possible changes in the conformation effect on molecular packing, asymmetric acceptors can also achieve a balance between the solubility and the crystallinity. Herein, we systematically investigate the structure-property-performance relationships of asymmetric NFSMAs that have recently emerged and try to clarify the feasibility and practicality of an asymmetric strategy for the design of higher-performance NFSMAs. Finally, we put forward our views and a concise outlook on the asymmetric strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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21
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Günder D, Valencia AM, Guerrini M, Breuer T, Cocchi C, Witte G. Polarization Resolved Optical Excitation of Charge-Transfer Excitons in PEN:PFP Cocrystalline Films: Limits of Nonperiodic Modeling. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9899-9905. [PMID: 34610238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer excitons (CTXs) at organic donor/acceptor interfaces are considered important intermediates for charge separation in photovoltaic devices. Crystalline model systems provide microscopic insights into the nature of such states as they enable microscopic structure-property investigations. Here, we use angular-resolved UV/vis absorption spectroscopy to characterize the CTXs of crystalline pentacene:perfluoro-pentacene (PEN:PFP) films allowing determination of the polarization of this state. This analysis is complemented by first-principles many-body calculations, performed on the three-dimensional PEN:PFP cocrystal, which confirm that the lowest-energy excitation is a CTX. Analogous simulations performed on bimolecular clusters are unable to reproduce this state. We ascribe this failure to the lack of long-range interactions and wave function periodicity in these cluster calculations, which appear to remain a valid tool for modeling properties of organic materials ruled by local intermolecular couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Günder
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Molekulare Festkörperphysik, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ana M Valencia
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michele Guerrini
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Molekulare Festkörperphysik, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Molekulare Festkörperphysik, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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22
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Effect of extending fluorinated thiophene π-bridges of BDT- and TT-based polymers for nonfullerene organic solar cells. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Hu M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Hu Y, Yang Z, Yang C, Yuan Z, Chen Y. Layer-by-Layer Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Perylene Diimides as Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29876-29884. [PMID: 34152121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LBL) sequential solution processing of the active layer has been proven as an effective strategy to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), which could adjust vertical phase separation and improve device performance. Although perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives are typical acceptors with excellent photoelectric properties, there are few studies on PDI-based LBL OSCs. Herein, three PDI acceptors (TBDPDI-C5, TBDPDI-C11, and SdiPDI) were used to fabricate LBL and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, respectively. A series of studies including device optimization, photoluminescence (PL) quenching, dependence of light intensity, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and depth analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DXPS) were carried out to make clear the difference of the PDI-based LBL and BHJ OSCs. The results show that LBL OSCs possess better charge transport, higher and more balanced carrier mobility, less exciton recombination loss, more favorable film morphology, and proper vertical component distribution. Therefore, all the three PDI acceptor-based LBL OSCs exhibit higher performance than their BHJ counterparts. Among them, TBDPDI-C5 performs best with a power conversion efficiency of 6.11% for LBL OSCs, higher than its BHJ OSC (5.14%). It is the first time for PDI small molecular acceptors to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs by using an LBL solution-processed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
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24
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Lee Y, Mongare A, Plant A, Ryu D. Strain-Microstructure-Optoelectronic Inter-Relationship toward Engineering Mechano-Optoelectronic Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:935. [PMID: 33803632 PMCID: PMC8002877 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano-optoelectronic (MO) behavior indicates changes in optoelectronic properties in response to the applied mechanical deformation. The MO behavior can be employed to monitor the mechanical deformation of a targeted system by tracing its optoelectronic properties. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) blend thin films exhibited changes in direct current under tensile strain. Although optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of P3HT/PCBM blends have been studied extensively and intensively, research required for MO properties has a fundamental difference from previous research mostly for solar cells. In research for MO systems, a greater extent of changes in optoelectronic properties under mechanical deformation is favorable. Herein, previous research for optoelectronic properties and mechanical properties of conjugated polymers will be reviewed from a perspective on MO properties. The microstructure of a conjugated polymer thin film plays a pivotal role in its optoelectronic properties and mechanical properties. Key parameters involved in the microstructure of conjugated polymer thin films will be addressed. A scalable process is required to broaden applications of MO systems. Potential challenges in the fabrication of MO conjugated polymer thin films will be discussed. Finally, this review is envisioned to provide insight into the design and manufacturing of MO conjugated polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA;
| | - Alfred Mongare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA;
| | - Aaron Plant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA;
| | - Donghyeon Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA;
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25
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Madrid-Úsuga D, Mora-León AG, Cabrera-Espinoza AM, Insuasty B, Ortiz A. Theoretical characterization of photoactive molecular systems based on BODIPY-derivatives for the design of organic solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Liu Y, Song J, Bo Z. Designing high performance conjugated materials for photovoltaic cells with the aid of intramolecular noncovalent interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:302-314. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in high performance photovoltaic materials with the aid of intramolecular noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
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27
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Koch T, Bachmann J, Lettmann T, Doltsinis NL. Multiscale modelling of charge transport in P3HT:DIPBI bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12233-12250. [PMID: 34009221 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport properties of a P3HT:DIPBI bulk heterojunction solar cell are modelled by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations based on a morphology obtained from coarse-grained molecular dynamics. Different methods for calculating the hopping integrals entering the charge transfer rates are compared and calibrated for hole transport in amorphous P3HT. The influence of intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer on the total charge carrier mobility and hence the power conversion efficiency is investigated in detail. An analysis of the most probable pathways with low resistance for hole transport is performed, establishing a connection between charge mobility and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Koch
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jim Bachmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Tobias Lettmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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28
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Guo Q, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang H, Qian X, Yang J, Wang J, Xue W, Zhao Q, Xu X, Ma W, Tang Z, Li Y, Bo Z. Enhancing the Performance of Organic Solar Cells by Prolonging the Lifetime of Photogenerated Excitons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003164. [PMID: 33164236 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exciton lifetime (τ) is crucial for the migration of excitons to donor/acceptor interfaces for subsequent charge separation in organic solar cells (OSCs); however, obvious prolongation of τ has rarely been achieved. Here, by introducing a solid additive 9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic acid (FCA) into the active layer, which comprises a nonfullerene acceptor, 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6/7-methyl)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-M), τ is substantially prolonged from 491 to 928 ps, together with obvious increases in fluorescence intensity and quantum yield. Time-resolved transient infrared spectra indicate the presence of an intermolecular vibrational coupling between the electronic excited state of IT-M and the electronic ground state of FCA, which is first observed here and which can suppress the internal conversion process. IT-M-based OSCs display an improved short-circuit current and fill factor after the addition of FCA. Thus, the power conversion efficiency is increased, particularly for devices with a large donor/acceptor ratio of 1:4, whose efficiency is increased by 56%. This study describes a novel method, which is also applicable to other nonfullerene acceptors, for further improving the performance of OSCs without affecting their morphology and light absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiquan Qian
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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29
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Xu G, Rao H, Liao X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xing Z, Hu T, Tan L, Chen L, Chen Y. Reducing Energy Loss and Morphology Optimization Manipulated by Molecular Geometry Engineering for Hetero‐junction Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University Linköping SE‐581 83 Sweden
| | - Huan Rao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University Linköping SE‐581 83 Sweden
| | - Zhi Xing
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330031 China
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30
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA. Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2627. [PMID: 33182241 PMCID: PMC7695322 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described. Various techniques for the preparation of conjugated polymers are presented in detail. The applications of conductive polymers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are explained thoroughly. The architecture of organic polymer solar cells including single layer, bilayer planar heterojunction, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are described. Moreover, designing conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications and optimizations of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are discussed. Principles of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells are addressed. Finally, strategies for band gap tuning and characteristics of solar cell are presented. In this article, several processing parameters such as the choice of solvent(s) for spin casting film, thermal and solvent annealing, solvent additive, and blend composition that affect the nano-morphology of the photoactive layer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia;
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31
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Zhang Z, Lin Y. Organic Semiconductors for Vacuum-Deposited Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24994-24999. [PMID: 33043176 PMCID: PMC7542582 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relative to widely used solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs), planar heterojunction (PHJ) OSCs by vacuum-depositing active layers sequentially avoid tedious control of the blend film morphology, and it is easy to understand the physical process at the donor/acceptor interface. Here we summarize the developments of electron donor and acceptor materials for vacuum-deposited PHJ OSCs in the past decades and discuss the relationship between molecular structure and device performance. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the development of vacuum-deposited PHJ OSCs are also proposed. In addition to some basic requirements for high performance organic photovoltaic materials, such as broad and strong absorption, matched energy levels between donors and acceptors, and high charge carrier mobility, we suggest that extending the exciton diffusion length of organic photovoltaic materials should boost PHJ OSCs gradually become another option for organic photovoltaic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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32
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Cheng P, Wang HC, Zhu Y, Zheng R, Li T, Chen CH, Huang T, Zhao Y, Wang R, Meng D, Li Y, Zhu C, Wei KH, Zhan X, Yang Y. Transparent Hole-Transporting Frameworks: A Unique Strategy to Design High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003891. [PMID: 32815259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the nature of molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra of organic semiconductors are not continuous like those in traditional inorganic semiconductors, which offers a unique application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs): semitransparent OPVs. Recently, the exciting progress of materials design has promoted the development of semitransparent OPVs. However, in the perspective of device engineering, almost all reported works reduce the thickness of back/reflected electrode to obtain high average visible transmittance (AVT), which is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the transmittance of the whole solar spectrum (visible and infrared), and therefore limit the further development. Herein, a unique strategy of "transparent hole-transporting frameworks" is proposed. A hole-transporting large-bandgap polymer (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA)) is employed to partially replace polymer donors in the active layer of PBDB-T/Y1. PTAA is a p-type polymer with a large bandgap of 2.9 eV; the partial substitution of PBDB-T by PTAA reduces the absorption of the active layer only in the visible region, keeping the hole-transporting pathways as well as the optimized film morphology. As a result, semitransparent OPVs with PCEs of 12% and AVTs of 20% are achieved, both on rigid and flexible substrates. To demonstrate the generality, this strategy is also used in three different active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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33
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Saes BWH, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. The Effect of α-Branched Side Chains on the Structural and Opto-Electronic Properties of Poly(Diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-Terthiophene). Chemistry 2020; 26:14221-14228. [PMID: 32452575 PMCID: PMC7702133 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introducing solubilizing α‐branched alkyl chains on a poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐alt‐terthiophene) results in a dramatic change of the structural, optical, and electronic properties compared to the isomeric polymer carrying β‐branched alkyl side chains. When branched at the α‐position the alkyl substituent creates a steric hindrance that reduces the tendency of the polymer to π–π stack and endows the material with a much higher solubility in common organic solvents. The wider π–π stacking and reduced tendency to crystallize, evidenced from grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, result in a wider optical band gap in the solid state. In solar cells with a fullerene acceptor, the α‐branched isomer affords a higher open‐circuit voltage, but an overall lower power conversion efficiency as a result of a too well‐mixed nanomorphology. Due its reduced π–π stacking, the α‐branched isomer fluoresces and affords near‐infrared light‐emitting diodes emitting at 820 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart W H Saes
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for, Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for, Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for, Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612, AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Wadsworth A, Hamid Z, Kosco J, Gasparini N, McCulloch I. The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001763. [PMID: 32754970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors require an energetic offset in order to photogenerate free charge carriers efficiently, owing to their inability to effectively screen charges. This is vitally important in order to achieve high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Early heterojunction-based solar cells were limited to relatively modest efficiencies (<4%) owing to limitations such as poor exciton dissociation, limited photon harvesting, and high recombination losses. The development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has significantly overcome these issues, resulting in dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic performance, now exceeding 18% power conversion efficiencies. Here, the design and engineering strategies used to develop the optimal bulk heterojunction for solar-cell, photodetector, and photocatalytic applications are discussed. Additionally, the thermodynamic driving forces in the creation and stability of the bulk heterojunction are presented, along with underlying photophysics in these blends. Finally, new opportunities to apply the knowledge accrued from BHJ solar cells to generate free charges for use in promising new applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zeinab Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan Kosco
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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35
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Cheng P, Wang HC, Zheng R, Zhu Y, Dai S, Li Z, Chen CH, Zhao Y, Wang R, Meng D, Zhu C, Wei KH, Zhan X, Yang Y. Enabling High-Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002315. [PMID: 32803823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In tandem organic photovoltaics, the front subcell is based on large-bandgap materials, whereas the case of the rear subcell is more complicated. The rear subcell is generally composed of a narrow-bandgap acceptor for infrared absorption but a large-bandgap donor to realize a high open-circuit voltage. Unfortunately, most of the ultraviolet-visible part of the photons are absorbed by the front subcell; as a result, in the rear subcell, the number of excitons generated on large-bandgap donors will be reduced significantly. This reduces the (photo) conductivity and finally limits the hole-transporting property of the rear subcell. In this work, a simple and effective way is proposed to resolve this critical issue. To ensure sufficient photogenerated holes in the rear subcell, a small amount of an infrared-absorbing polymer donor as a third component is introduced, which provides a second hole-generation and transporting mechanism to minimize the aforementioned detrimental effects. Finally, the short-circuit current density of the two-terminal tandem organic photovoltaic is significantly enhanced from 10.3 to 11.7 mA cm-2 (while retaining the open-circuit voltage and fill factor) to result in an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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36
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Peglow TJ, Bartz RH, Martins CC, Belladona AL, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA, Schumacher RF, Perin G. Synthesis of 2-Organylchalcogenopheno[2,3-b]pyridines from Elemental Chalcogen and NaBH 4 /PEG-400 as a Reducing System: Antioxidant and Antinociceptive Properties. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1741-1751. [PMID: 32667720 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An alternative method to prepare 2-organylchalcogenopheno[2,3-b]pyridines was developed by the insertion of chalcogen species (selenium, sulfur or tellurium), generated in situ, into 2-chloro-3-(organylethynyl)pyridines by using the NaBH4 /PEG-400 reducing system, followed by an intramolecular cyclization. It was possible to obtain a series of compounds with up to 93 % yield in short reaction times. Among the synthesized products, 2-organyltelluropheno[2,3-b]pyridines have not been described in the literature so far. Moreover, the compounds 2-phenylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine (3 b) and 2-phenyltelluropheno[2,3-b]pyridine (3 c) exhibited significant antioxidant potential in different in vitro assays. Further studies demonstrated that compound 3 b exerted an antinociceptive effect in acute inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain models, thus indicating the involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems on its pharmacological action. More specifically, our results suggest that the intrinsic antioxidant property of compound 3 b might contribute to attenuating the nociception and inflammatory process on local injury induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Peglow
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H Bartz
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Martins
- LaFarBio-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrei L Belladona
- CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- LaFarBio-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- LaFarBio-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Schumacher
- CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Effects of BTA2 as the third component on the charge carrier generation and recombination behavior of PTB7:PC71BM photovoltaic system. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Cheng P, Yang Y. Narrowing the Band Gap: The Key to High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1218-1228. [PMID: 32407622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted considerable attention in the last two decades to overcome the terawatt energy challenge and serious environmental problems. During their early development, only wide-band-gap organic semiconductors were synthesized and employed as the active layer, mainly utilizing photons in the UV-visible region and yielding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) lower than 5%. Afterward, considerable efforts were made to narrow the polymer donor band gap in order to utilize the infrared photons, which led to the enhancement of the PCE from 5% to 12% in about a decade. Since 2017, the study of narrow-band-gap non-fullerene acceptors helped usher in a new era in OPV research and boosted the achievable the PCE to 17% in only 3 years. In essence, the history of OPV development in the last 15 years can be summarized as an attempt to narrow the band gap of organic semiconductors and better position the energy levels. There are multiple benefits of a narrower band gap: (1) considerable infrared photons can be utilized, and as a result, the short-circuit current density can increase significantly; (2) the energy offset of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels or highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels between the donor and acceptor can be reduced, which will reduce the open-circuit voltage loss by minimizing the loss caused by the donor/acceptor charge transfer state; (3) because of the unique molecular orbitals of organic semiconductors, the red-shifted absorption will induce high transmittance in the visible region, which is ideal for the rear subcells in tandem-junction OPVs and transparent OPVs.In this Account, we first summarize our work beginning in 2008 on the design and synthesis of narrow-band-gap polymer donors/non-fullerene acceptors. Several strategies for constructing these materials, including enhancing the intramolecular charge transfer effect and steric hindrance/energy level engineering are discussed. In this part, in addition to systematic analyses of the design of narrow-band-gap polymer donors based on BDT/TT or BDT/DPP, donors/acceptors based on the new donor moieties DTP or BZPT are discussed as well. Especially, we highlight our work on the first report on the narrow-band-gap acceptor Y1 (based on the new donor moiety BZPT), which pioneered the future development and usage of acceptors belonging to the Y1 family (or series). Subsequently, we analyze several reported certified world record single-junction or tandem-junction OPVs that use these narrow-band-gap donors or acceptors. We share our experiences and insights from a device perspective in terms of donor/acceptor selection, energy level alignment management, film morphology control, current matching of subcells, interconnecting layer construction, interface engineering, and device geometry selection. In this part, the construction of high-performance ternary-blend OPVs and transparent OPVs based on these narrow-band-gap donors/acceptors is also discussed. Finally, in order to push the field into the 20-25% high-efficiency era in the next few years, some suggestions to further develop narrow-band-gap donors/acceptors and related device technologies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Yuan J, Zhang C, Chen H, Zhu C, Cheung SH, Qiu B, Cai F, Wei Q, Liu W, Yin H, Zhang R, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Liu W, Peng H, Yang J, Meng L, Gao F, So S, Li Y, Zou Y. Understanding energetic disorder in electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene solar cells. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Jiang H, Li X, Wang H, Ren Z, Zheng N, Wang X, Li Y, Chen W, Yang R. Significantly Enhanced Molecular Stacking in Ternary Bulk Heterojunctions Enabled by an Appropriate Side Group on Donor Polymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903455. [PMID: 32274321 PMCID: PMC7141074 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ternary strategy is a promising approach to broaden the photoresponse of polymer solar cells (PSCs) by adopting combinatory photoactive blends. However, it could lead to a more complicated situation in manipulating the bulk morphology. Achieving an ideal morphology that enhances the charge transport and light absorption simultaneously is an essential avenue to promote the device performance. Herein, two polymers with different lengths of side groups (P1 is based on phenyl side group and P2 is based on biphenyl side group) are adopted in the dual-acceptor ternary systems to evaluate the relationship between conjugated side group and crystalline behavior in the ternary system. The P1 ternary system delivers a greatly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.06%, which could be attributed to the intense and broad photoresponse and improved charge transport originating from the improved crystallinity. Inversely, the P2 ternary device only exhibits a poor PCE of 8.97%, where the decreased device performance could mainly be ascribed to the disturbed molecular stacking of the components originating from the overlong conjugated side group. The results demonstrate a conjugated side group could greatly determine the device performance by tuning the crystallinity of components in ternary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Textiles & ClothingState Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Zhengzhou Vocational College of Finance and TaxationZhengzhou450000China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Textiles & ClothingState Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
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41
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Zhao C, Zhang Q, Yu X, Zhou K, Jin L, Wang W. Enhanced photovoltaic performances of C219-based dye sensitisers by introducing electron-withdrawing substituents: a density functional theory study. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1636151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caibin Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Gaspar H, Figueira F, Strutyński K, Melle-Franco M, Ivanou D, Tomé JPC, Pereira CM, Pereira L, Mendes A, Viana JC, Bernardo G. PffBT4T-2OD Based Solar Cells with Aryl-Substituted N-Methyl-Fulleropyrrolidine Acceptors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4100. [PMID: 31817967 PMCID: PMC6947311 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel C60 and C70 N-methyl-fulleropyrrolidine derivatives, containing both electron withdrawing and electron donating substituent groups, were synthesized by the well-known Prato reaction. The corresponding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels were determined by cyclic voltammetry, from the onset oxidation and reduction potentials, respectively. Some of the novel fullerenes have higher LUMO levels than the standards PC61BM and PC71BM. When tested in PffBT4T-2OD based polymer solar cells, with the standard architecture ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Active-Layer/Ca/Al, these fullerenes do not bring about any efficiency improvements compared to the standard PC71BM system, however they show how the electronic nature of the different substituents strongly affects the efficiency of the corresponding organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The functionalization of C70 yields a mixture of regioisomers and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that these have systematically different electronic properties. This electronic inhomogeneity is likely responsible for the lower performance observed in devices containing C70 derivatives. These results help to understand how new fullerene acceptors can affect the performance of OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gaspar
- IPC/i3N—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (H.G.); (J.C.V.)
| | - Flávio Figueira
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (K.S.); (M.M.-F.)
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (K.S.); (M.M.-F.)
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (K.S.); (M.M.-F.)
| | - Dzmitry Ivanou
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (D.I.); (A.M.)
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- CQE and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, w/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luiz Pereira
- Department of Physics and i3N—Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (D.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Júlio C. Viana
- IPC/i3N—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (H.G.); (J.C.V.)
| | - Gabriel Bernardo
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (D.I.); (A.M.)
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43
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Yaghoobi Nia N, Lamanna E, Zendehdel M, Palma AL, Zurlo F, Castriotta LA, Di Carlo A. Doping Strategy for Efficient and Stable Triple Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells and Module Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Hole Transport Layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904399. [PMID: 31592571 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its low-cost, thermal stability, oxygen impermeability, and strong hydrophobicity. In this work, a new doping strategy is developed for P3HT as the HTL in triple-cation/double-halide ((FA1-x-y MAx Csy )Pb(I1-x Brx )3 ) mesoscopic PSCs. Photovoltaic performance and stability of solar cells show remarkable enhancement using a composition of three dopants Li-TFSI, TBP, and Co(III)-TFSI reaching power conversion efficiencies of 19.25% on 0.1 cm2 active area, 16.29% on 1 cm2 active area, and 13.3% on a 43 cm2 active area module without using any additional absorber layer or any interlayer at the PSK/P3HT interface. The results illustrate the positive effect of a cobalt dopant on the band structure of perovskite/P3HT interfaces leading to improved hole extraction and a decrease of trap-assisted recombination. Non-encapsulated large area devices show promising air stability through keeping more than 80% of initial efficiency after 1500 h in atmospheric conditions (relative humidity ≈ 60%, r.t.), whereas encapsulated devices show more than >500 h at 85 °C thermal stability (>80%) and 100 h stability against continuous light soaking (>90%). The boosted efficiency and the improved stability make P3HT a good candidate for low-cost large-scale PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Lamanna
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Zendehdel
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- K.S.R.I (Kimia Solar Research Institute), Kimia Solar Company, Kashan, 87137-45868, Iran
| | - Alessandro L Palma
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zurlo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- LASE-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology, NUST-MISiS, Leninskiy prospekt 6, 119049, Moscow, Russia
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44
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Zhou R, Jiang Z, Yang C, Yu J, Feng J, Adil MA, Deng D, Zou W, Zhang J, Lu K, Ma W, Gao F, Wei Z. All-small-molecule organic solar cells with over 14% efficiency by optimizing hierarchical morphologies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5393. [PMID: 31772169 PMCID: PMC6879588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) normally require optimized morphology in their bulk heterojunction active layers. Herein, a small-molecule donor is designed and synthesized, and single-crystal structural analyses reveal its explicit molecular planarity and compact intermolecular packing. A promising narrow bandgap small-molecule with absorption edge of more than 930 nm along with our home-designed small molecule is selected as electron acceptors. To the best of our knowledge, the binary all-small-molecule OSCs achieve the highest efficiency of 14.34% by optimizing their hierarchical morphologies, in which the donor or acceptor rich domains with size up to ca. 70 nm, and the donor crystals of tens of nanometers, together with the donor-acceptor blending, are proved coexisting in the hierarchical large domain. All-small-molecule photovoltaic system shows its promising for high performance OSCs, and our study is likely to lead to insights in relations between bulk heterojunction structure and photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Zhou
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.,Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jirui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Cheng HW, Zhang H, Lin YC, She NZ, Wang R, Chen CH, Yuan J, Tsao CS, Yabushita A, Zou Y, Gao F, Cheng P, Wei KH, Yang Y. Realizing Efficient Charge/Energy Transfer and Charge Extraction in Fullerene-Free Organic Photovoltaics via a Versatile Third Component. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5053-5061. [PMID: 31298866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on bulk-heterojunctions have gained significant attention to alleviate the increasing demend of fossil fuel in the past two decades. OPVs combined of a wide bandgap polymer donor and a narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptor show potential to achieve high performance. However, there are still two reasons to limit the OPVs performance. One, although this combination can expand from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region, the overall external quantum efficiency of the device suffers low values. The other one is the low open-circuit voltage (VOC) of devices resulting from the relatively downshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the narrow bandgap. Herein, the approach to select and incorporate a versatile third component into the active layer is reported. A third component with a bandgap larger than that of the acceptor, and absorption spectra and LUMO levels lying within that of the donor and acceptor, is demonstrated to be effective to conquer these issues. As a result, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are enhanced by the elevated short-circuit current and VOC; the champion PCEs are 11.1% and 13.1% for PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F based and PBDB-T:Y1 based solar cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 3001 , Taiwan
| | - Huotian Zhang
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics , IFM Linköping University , Linköping 58183 , Sweden
| | - Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 3001 , Taiwan
| | - Nian-Zu She
- Department of Electrophysics , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 3001 , Taiwan
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Cheng-Si Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Taoyuan 32546 , Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Yabushita
- Department of Electrophysics , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Feng Gao
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics , IFM Linköping University , Linköping 58183 , Sweden
| | - Pei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 3001 , Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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46
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Guo Y, Ma Z, Niu X, Zhang W, Tao M, Guo Q, Wang Z, Xia A. Bridge-Mediated Charge Separation in Isomeric N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12789-12796. [PMID: 31334641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The possibility and rate of charge separation (CS) in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules mainly depend on two factors: electronic coupling and solvent effects. The question of how CS occurred in two identical chromophores is fundamental, as it is particularly interesting for potential molecular electronics applications and the photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Conjugated bridge definitely plays a crucial role in electronic coupling. To determine the bridge-mediated charge separation dynamics between the two identical chromophores, the isomeric N-annulated perylene diimide dimers (para-BDNP and meta-BDNP) with different conjugated bridge structures have been comparatively investigated in different solvents using femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs-TA). It is found that the charge separation is disfavored in weak polar solvent, whereas direct spectroscopic signatures of radicals are observed in polar solvents, and the rate of charge separation increases as the solvent polarity increasing. To our surprise, the rate of charge separation in m-BDNP is more than an order of magnitude slower than that in p-BDNP, although there is a larger negative ΔGCS in m-BDNP. The slow CS rate that occurred in m-BDNP mainly results from the intrinsic destructive interference of the wave function through the meta-substituted bridge. The roles of solvent effects in free energy and electronic coupling for charge separation are further identified with quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zetong Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Min Tao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qianjin Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Andong Xia
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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47
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Kawashima E, Fujii M, Yamashita K. Simulation of Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy of Organic Photovoltaics by Dynamic Monte Carlo Method. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kawashima
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiya Fujii
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Kim JH, Sin DH, Kim H, Jo SB, Lee H, Han JT, Cho K. Improved Charge Transport and Reduced Non-Geminate Recombination in Organic Solar Cells by Adding Size-Selected Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20183-20191. [PMID: 31074261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Size-selected graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were used to modify the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology and electrical properties of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The GO nanosheets were prepared with sizes ranging from several hundreds of nanometers to micrometers by using a physical sonication process and were then incorporated into PTB7:PC71BM photoactive layers. Different GO sizes provide varied portions of the basal plane where aromatic sp2-hybridized regions are dominant and edges where oxygenated functional groups are located; thus, GO size distributions affect the GO dispersion stability and morphological aggregation of the BHJ layer. Electron delocalization by sp2-hybridization and the electron-withdrawing characteristics of functional groups p-dope the photoactive layer, giving rise to increasing carrier mobilities. Hole and electron mobilities are maximized at GO sizes of several hundreds of nanometers. Consequently, non-geminate recombination is significantly reduced by these facilitated hole and electron transports. The addition of GO nanosheets decreases the recombination order of non-geminate recombination and increases the generated carrier density. This reduction in the non-geminate recombination contributes to an increased power conversion efficiency of PTB7:PC71BM OPV devices as high as 9.21%, particularly, by increasing the fill factor to 70.5% in normal devices and 69.4% in inverted devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
- Clean Energy Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Dong Hun Sin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Haena Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group , Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 51543 , Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
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49
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Munshi J, Dulal R, Chien T, Chen W, Balasubramanian G. Solution Processing Dependent Bulk Heterojunction Nanomorphology of P3HT/PCBM Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17056-17067. [PMID: 30966744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have been widely employed as donor and acceptor materials, respectively, for the active layer of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. Experiments are able to provide only limited insights on the dynamics of blend morphology of these organic materials because of the challenges in extracting microstructural characterization amidst the poor contrast in electron microscopy. We present results from coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations (CGMD) describing the morphological evolution of P3HT/PCBM active layer under solution processing in chlorobenzene (CB). We examine the impact of various processing parameters such as weight ratio, degree of polymerization (DOP), thermal annealing, and preheating on the BHJ active layers using morphological characterizations from atomic trajectories. Simulated diffraction patterns are compared with experimental results of X-ray diffraction and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Both simulated scattering and experimental X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering measurements reveal increase in crystallinity for P3HT upon annealing until PCBM weight fraction ∼50%. The solubility of PCBM being greater in CB than that of P3HT facilitates the phase separation of the polymer during early stages of solvent evaporation. An increase in the average size of the P3HT domain relative to the preannealed morphology, is due to phase segregation and crystallization of the polymer upon annealing. Percolation for PCBM remains unchanged until PCBM constitutes at least one-half of the composition. Although 1.0:2.0 weight ratio is predicted to be ideal for balanced charge transport, 1.0:1.0 weight ratio is the most beneficial of overall power conversion based on exciton generation and charge separation at the interface. DOP of P3HT molecules is another important design variable as larger P3HT molecules tend to entangle more often deteriorating molecular order of P3HT phase in the active layer. Preheating the ternary mixture of P3HT, PCBM, and CB modifies the structural order and morphology of the BHJ due to changes in PCBM diffusion into the P3HT phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Munshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
| | - Rabindra Dulal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - TeYu Chien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Ganesh Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
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Yu R, Yao H, Chen Z, Xin J, Hong L, Xu Y, Zu Y, Ma W, Hou J. Enhanced π-π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900477. [PMID: 30908759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active-layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene-based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA-4 and SA-7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF-PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA-4, the devices processed with SA-4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA-7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA-4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self-assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA-7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingmin Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunfei Zu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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