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Sun H, Zheng D, Zhu Y, Zhu P, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Yang P, Sun X, Jiang F. Multiscale Design for Robust, Thermal Insulating, and Flame Self-Extinguishing Cellulose Foam. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306942. [PMID: 37939315 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose foams are in high demand in an era of prioritizing environmental consciousness. Yet, transferring the exceptional mechanical properties of cellulose fibers into a cellulose network remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, an innovative multiscale design is developed for producing cellulose foam with exceptional network integrity. Specifically, this design relies on a combination of physical cross-linking of the microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) networks by cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and aluminum ion (Al3+), as well as self-densification of the cellulose induced by ice-crystal templating, physical cross-linking, solvent exchange, and evaporation. The resultant cellulose foam demonstrates a low density of 40.7 mg cm-3, a high porosity of 97.3%, and a robust network with high compressive modulus of 1211.5 ± 60.6 kPa and energy absorption of 77.8 ± 1.9 kJ m-3. The introduction of CNF network and Al3+ cross-linking into foam also confers excellent wet stability and flame self-extinguish ability. Furthermore, the foam can be easily biodegraded in natural environments , re-entering the ecosystem's carbon cycle. This strategy yields a cellulose foam with a robust network and outstanding environmental durability, opening new possibilities for the advancement of high-performance foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dingyuan Zheng
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Penghui Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pu Yang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xia Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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2
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Bamboo cellulose fibers prepared by different drying methods: Structure-property relationships. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Grzybek P, Jakubski Ł, Dudek G. Neat Chitosan Porous Materials: A Review of Preparation, Structure Characterization and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179932. [PMID: 36077330 PMCID: PMC9456476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of methods for preparing chitosan-derived porous materials and discusses their potential applications. This family of materials has garnered significant attention owing to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, antibacterial properties, and biodegradability, which make them advantageous in a wide range of applications. Although individual porous chitosan-based materials have been widely discussed in the literature, a summary of all available methods for preparing materials based on pure chitosan, along with their structural characterization and potential applications, has not yet been presented. This review discusses five strategies for fabricating porous chitosan materials, i.e., cryogelation, freeze-drying, sol-gel, phase inversion, and extraction of a porogen agent. Each approach is described in detail with examples related to the preparation of chitosan materials. The influence of the fabrication method on the structure of the obtained material is also highlighted herein. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of the considered materials.
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4
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Modeling Microwave Heating and Drying of Lignocellulosic Foams through Coupled Electromagnetic and Heat Transfer Analysis. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave drying of suspensions of lignocellulosic fibers has the potential to produce porous foam materials that can replace materials such as expanded polystyrene, but the design and control of this drying method are not well understood. The main objective of this study was to develop a microwave drying model capable of predicting moisture loss regardless of the shape and microwave power input. A microwave heating model was developed by coupling electromagnetic and heat transfer physics using a commercial finite element code. The modeling results predicted heating time behavior consistent with experimental results as influenced by electromagnetic fields, waveguide size and microwave power absorption. The microwave heating modeling accurately predicted average temperature increase for 100 cm3 water domain at 360 and 840 W microwave power inputs. By dividing the energy absorption by the heat of vaporization, the amount of water evaporation in a specific time increment was predicted leading to a novel method to predict drying. Using this method, the best time increments, and other parameters were determined to predict drying. This novel method predicts the time to dry cellulose foams for a range of sample shapes, parameters, material parameters. The model was in agreement with the experimental results.
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5
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Sanguanwong A, Flood AE, Ogawa M, Martín-Sampedro R, Darder M, Wicklein B, Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Hydrophobic composite foams based on nanocellulose-sepiolite for oil sorption applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126068. [PMID: 34229386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were assembled to fibrous clay sepiolite (SEP) by means of a high shear homogenizer and an ultrasound treatment followed by lyophilization using three different methods: normal freezing, directional freezing, and a sequential combination of both methods. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was grafted to the foam surface by the vapor deposition method to introduce hydrophobicity to the resulting materials. Both the SEP addition (for the normal and directional freezing methods) and the refreezing preparation procedure enhanced the compressive strength of the foams, showing compressive moduli in the range from 28 to 103 kPa for foams loaded with 20% w/w sepiolite. Mercury intrusion porosimetry shows that the average pore diameters were in the range of 30-45 µm depending on the freezing method. This large porosity leads to materials with very low apparent density, around 6 mg/cm3, and very high porosity >99.5%. In addition, water contact angle measurement and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied to confirm the foam hydrophobicity, which is suitable for use as an oil sorbent. The sorption ability of these composite foams has been tested using olive and motor oils as models of organophilic liquid adsorbates, observing a maximum sorption capacity of 138 and 90 g/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaret Sanguanwong
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand; Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian E Flood
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Makoto Ogawa
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Darder
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernd Wicklein
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Qi H. Highly Sensitive, Flexible, Stable, and Hydrophobic Biofoam Based on Wheat Flour for Multifunctional Sensor and Adjustable EMI Shielding Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30020-30029. [PMID: 34129335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofoam materials are attractive alternatives for petroleum-based foams to be used to solve environmental problems. Inspired by steamed bread, we report herein a novel utilization of wheat flour (WF) with the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form an environmentally friendly WF/CNT composite foam. This foam displayed a high elasticity (nearly 100% shape recovery), recyclable (5000 cycles), fast (100 ms), and superstability pressure-sensing response. It could serve as a new pressure sensor to detect the tiny pressure (1.76 Pa) and acoustic vibrations from piano notes. As an acoustic sensor, WF/CNT foam detected and recognized different volumes and frequencies of piano sounds. As an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding switch, the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the foam could be easily regulated under self-fixable compression-recovery cycles. In addition, the WF/CNT foam could be converted into the WF/CNT film by a hot-compress process. This flexible film was applied as a multifunctional sensing device for detecting various motions. Therefore, wheat flour as a renewable resource could be designed into various WF-based biofoams with new functionalities and outstanding mechanical properties through a simple process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yuehu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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7
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Shams R, Rizvi QEH, Dar AH, Majid I, Khan SA, Singh A. Polysaccharides: Promising Constituent for the Preparation of Nanomaterials. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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8
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Zhu JY, Agarwal UP, Ciesielski PN, Himmel ME, Gao R, Deng Y, Morits M, Österberg M. Towards sustainable production and utilization of plant-biomass-based nanomaterials: a review and analysis of recent developments. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 33957955 PMCID: PMC8101122 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-biomass-based nanomaterials have attracted great interest recently for their potential to replace petroleum-sourced polymeric materials for sustained economic development. However, challenges associated with sustainable production of lignocellulosic nanoscale polymeric materials (NPMs) need to be addressed. Producing materials from lignocellulosic biomass is a value-added proposition compared with fuel-centric approach. This report focuses on recent progress made in understanding NPMs-specifically lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and cellulosic nanomaterials (CNMs)-and their sustainable production. Special attention is focused on understanding key issues in nano-level deconstruction of cell walls and utilization of key properties of the resultant NPMs to allow flexibility in production to promote sustainability. Specifically, suitable processes for producing LNPs and their potential for scaled-up production, along with the resultant LNP properties and prospective applications, are discussed. In the case of CNMs, terminologies such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) used in the literature are examined. The term cellulose nano-whiskers (CNWs) is used here to describe a class of CNMs that has a morphology similar to CNCs but without specifying its crystallinity, because most applications of CNCs do not need its crystalline characteristic. Additionally, progress in enzymatic processing and drying of NPMs is also summarized. Finally, the report provides some perspective of future research that is likely to result in commercialization of plant-based NPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Umesh P Agarwal
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Runan Gao
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Morits
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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9
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Beaumont M, Tran R, Vera G, Niedrist D, Rousset A, Pierre R, Shastri VP, Forget A. Hydrogel-Forming Algae Polysaccharides: From Seaweed to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1027-1052. [PMID: 33577286 PMCID: PMC7944484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing growth of the algae industry and the development of algae biorefinery, there is a growing need for high-value applications of algae-extracted biopolymers. The utilization of such biopolymers in the biomedical field can be considered as one of the most attractive applications but is challenging to implement. Historically, polysaccharides extracted from seaweed have been used for a long time in biomedical research, for example, agarose gels for electrophoresis and bacterial culture. To overcome the current challenges in polysaccharides and help further the development of high-added-value applications, an overview of the entire polysaccharide journey from seaweed to biomedical applications is needed. This encompasses algae culture, extraction, chemistry, characterization, processing, and an understanding of the interactions of soft matter with living organisms. In this review, we present algae polysaccharides that intrinsically form hydrogels: alginate, carrageenan, ulvan, starch, agarose, porphyran, and (nano)cellulose and classify these by their gelation mechanisms. The focus of this review further lays on the culture and extraction strategies to obtain pure polysaccharides, their structure-properties relationships, the current advances in chemical backbone modifications, and how these modifications can be used to tune the polysaccharide properties. The available techniques to characterize each organization scale of a polysaccharide hydrogel are presented, and the impact on their interactions with biological systems is discussed. Finally, a perspective of the anticipated development of the whole field and how the further utilization of hydrogel-forming polysaccharides extracted from algae can revolutionize the current algae industry are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beaumont
- Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remy Tran
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grace Vera
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Niedrist
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aurelie Rousset
- Centre
d’Étude et de Valorisation des Algues, Pleubian, France
| | - Ronan Pierre
- Centre
d’Étude et de Valorisation des Algues, Pleubian, France
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre
for Biological Signalling Studies, University
of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Li M, Rui J, Liu D, Su F, Li Z, Qiao H, Wang Z, Liu C, Shan J, Li Q, Guo M, Fan N, Qian J. Liquid Transport in Fibrillar Channels of Ion-Associated Cellular Nanowood Foams. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58212-58222. [PMID: 33319989 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A mechanical disintegration of waste wood biomass and freeze-induced assembly of colloidal nanowood were effectively deployed to explore ion-associated cellular foams (NWFs) with unidirectional channels. Under the assistance of inorganic ions, the as-fabricated foams were significantly enhanced in physical stability, compressive strength, flame retardancy, and thermal barrier, accounting for the tuning effects of pores and channels, surface charges, and microphase interaction by ion effects and freeze orientation. As a result, the vascular-like ion-doped channels benefited from quick capillary liquid transport. Under 1 sun illumination, NWF-V as a 3-D evaporator exhibited a high evaporation rate of 1.50 kg m-2 h-1 and a conversion efficiency of up to 88.9% for seawater desalination. Dramatically, an average of 12.5 kg m-2 of fresh water could be generated on each sunny day by outdoor NWFs for durability beyond 15 days. Under the drive of fuel combustion, an efficient conveying of ethanol or pump oil could be at rates of 0.44 and 0.26 mL min-1, respectively. Moreover, combustion flame with variable color was generated according to the doping cations in NWFs. Therefore, sustainable, green, facile, and multifunctional wood-based cellular foams could be tailored, scaled-up, and applied as color flame burners or desalination evaporators under combustion or solar drive in the energy and environment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jilong Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Dagang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zehui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jiaqi Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mengna Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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11
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Jaafar Z, Quelennec B, Moreau C, Lourdin D, Maigret J, Pontoire B, D’orlando A, Coradin T, Duchemin B, Fernandes F, Cathala B. Plant cell wall inspired xyloglucan/cellulose nanocrystals aerogels produced by freeze-casting. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Lee H, Kim S, Shin S, Hyun J. 3D structure of lightweight, conductive cellulose nanofiber foam. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117238. [PMID: 33278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the three-dimensional (3D) structuring of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foam-based ink using direct ink writing 3D printing and the transformation of CNF foam from an insulator to a conductor. The colloidal stability of a CNF foam is critical to producing a solid CNF foam which can be used as a template for the synthesis of conducting polymers. Liquid CNF foam ink is produced by simple stirring of CNF suspension with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an emulsifier. The shear thinning behavior of the liquid CNF foam ink enables printing through a needle. Flexible design of CNF foam structures is enabled by 3D printing using computer-aided design. Lightweight conductive CNF foams are prepared via in situ polymerization of polypyrrole on a solid CNF foam. The topological features of the resultant porous conductive CNF foams are observed, and their conductivity is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwarueon Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunga Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Shin
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Hyun
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Abdul Khalil H, Adnan A, Yahya EB, Olaiya N, Safrida S, Hossain MS, Balakrishnan V, Gopakumar DA, Abdullah C, Oyekanmi A, Pasquini D. A Review on Plant Cellulose Nanofibre-Based Aerogels for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1759. [PMID: 32781602 PMCID: PMC7465206 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials from plant fibre provide various potential applications (i.e., biomedical, automotive, packaging, etc.). The biomedical application of nanocellulose isolated from plant fibre, which is a carbohydrate-based source, is very viable in the 21st century. The essential characteristics of plant fibre-based nanocellulose, which include its molecular, tensile and mechanical properties, as well as its biodegradability potential, have been widely explored for functional materials in the preparation of aerogel. Plant cellulose nano fibre (CNF)-based aerogels are novel functional materials that have attracted remarkable interest. In recent years, CNF aerogel has been extensively used in the biomedical field due to its biocompatibility, renewability and biodegradability. The effective surface area of CNFs influences broad applications in biological and medical studies such as sustainable antibiotic delivery for wound healing, the preparation of scaffolds for tissue cultures, the development of drug delivery systems, biosensing and an antimicrobial film for wound healing. Many researchers have a growing interest in using CNF-based aerogels in the mentioned applications. The application of cellulose-based materials is widely reported in the literature. However, only a few studies discuss the potential of cellulose nanofibre aerogel in detail. The potential applications of CNF aerogel include composites, organic-inorganic hybrids, gels, foams, aerogels/xerogels, coatings and nano-paper, bioactive and wound dressing materials and bioconversion. The potential applications of CNF have rarely been a subject of extensive review. Thus, extensive studies to develop materials with cheaper and better properties, high prospects and effectiveness for many applications are the focus of the present work. The present review focuses on the evolution of aerogels via characterisation studies on the isolation of CNF-based aerogels. The study concludes with a description of the potential and challenges of developing sustainable materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (M.S.H.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.A.); (A.A.O.)
| | - A.S. Adnan
- Management Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam Selangor 40100, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (M.S.H.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.A.); (A.A.O.)
| | - N.G. Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340271, Nigeria;
| | - Safrida Safrida
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (M.S.H.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.A.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Deepu A. Gopakumar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (M.S.H.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.A.); (A.A.O.)
| | - C.K. Abdullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (M.S.H.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.A.); (A.A.O.)
| | - A.A. Oyekanmi
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (M.S.H.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.A.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Daniel Pasquini
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia-UFU, Campus Santa Monica-Bloco1D-CP 593, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil;
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14
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Preparation, Characterization, Types and Applications of Polysaccharide Nanocomposites. MATERIALS HORIZONS: FROM NATURE TO NANOMATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8063-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Ice-Templated Porous Nanocellulose-Based Materials: Current Progress and Opportunities for Materials Engineering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8122463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs, or cellulose nanofibrils, CNFs) are the elementary reinforcing constituents of plant cell walls. Because of their pronounced slenderness and outstanding intrinsic mechanical properties, nanocelluloses constitute promising building blocks for the design of future biobased high-performance materials such as nanocomposites, dense and transparent films, continuous filaments, and aerogels and foams. The research interest in nanocellulose-based aerogels and foams is recent but growing rapidly. These materials have great potential in many engineering fields, including construction, transportation, energy, and biomedical sectors. Among the various processing routes used to obtain these materials, ice-templating is one of the most regarded, owing to its simplicity and versatility and the wide variety of porous materials that this technique can provide. The focus of this review is to discuss the current state of the art and understanding of ice-templated porous nanocellulose-based materials. We provide a review of the main forming processes that use the principle of ice-templating to produce porous nanocellulose-based materials and discuss the effect of processing conditions and suspension formulation on the resulting microstructures of the materials.
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16
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Li J, Cheng R, Xiu H, Zhang M, Liu Q, Song T, Dong H, Yao B, Zhang X, Kozliak E, Ji Y. Pore structure and pertinent physical properties of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-based foam materials. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:141-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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George J, Ishida H. A review on the very high nanofiller-content nanocomposites: Their preparation methods and properties with high aspect ratio fillers. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Cellulose nanofibers as excipient for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:285-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Ponomarev N, Repo E, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M. Green thermal-assisted synthesis and characterization of novel cellulose-Mg(OH)2 nanocomposite in PEG/NaOH solvent. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:327-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Wang M, Anoshkin IV, Nasibulin AG, Ras RHA, Nonappa, Laine J, Kauppinen EI, Ikkala O. Electrical behaviour of native cellulose nanofibril/carbon nanotube hybrid aerogels under cyclic compression. RSC Adv 2016; 6:89051-89056. [PMID: 28496970 PMCID: PMC5361171 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid aerogels consisting of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and modified few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNT) are investigated under cyclic mechanical compression to explore "electrical fatigue". For this purpose the FWCNTs were hydrophilized, thus promoting their aqueous dispersibility to allow FWCNT/CNF hybrid hydrogels, followed by freeze-drying to obtain hybrid aerogels. The optimized composition consisting of FWCNT/CNF 20/80 wt/wt showed conductivity of 10-5 S cm-1 as promoted due to double percolation, and showed only small changes in electrical and mechanical behaviour upon cycling 100 times. The electrical behaviour under cycled compression shows good stability and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
| | - Ilya V Anoshkin
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
- Skolkovo Insititute of Science and Technology , Nobel str. 3 , Moscow , 143026 , Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University , Department of Material Science , Polytechnicheskaya 29 , 195251 , Saint-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
| | - Nonappa
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
| | - Janne Laine
- Department of Forest Products Technology , School of Chemical Technology , Aalto University , P. O. Box 16300 , FI-00076, Espoo , Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics , School of Science , Aalto University , P. O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland .
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21
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Limjuco LA, Nisola GM, Lawagon CP, Lee SP, Seo JG, Kim H, Chung WJ. H 2 TiO 3 composite adsorbent foam for efficient and continuous recovery of Li + from liquid resources. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Svagan A, Bender Koch C, Hedenqvist M, Nilsson F, Glasser G, Baluschev S, Andersen M. Liquid-core nanocellulose-shell capsules with tunable oxygen permeability. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Zheng Y, Monty J, Linhardt RJ. Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites and their applications. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:23-32. [PMID: 25498200 PMCID: PMC4312275 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide nanocomposites have become increasingly important materials over the past decade. Polysaccharides offer a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the preparation of soft nanomaterials. They have also been used in composites with hard nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials. This mini review describes methods for polysaccharide nanocomposite preparation and reviews the various types and diverse applications for these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zheng
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jonathan Monty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
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25
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Wang L, Sánchez-Soto M. Green bio-based aerogels prepared from recycled cellulose fiber suspensions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The flammability of green aerogels prepared using recycled cellulose fibres was improved by adding clay and ammonium polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Centre Catalá del Plàstic
- Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya
- 08222 Terrassa
- Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Soto
- Centre Catalá del Plàstic
- Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya
- 08222 Terrassa
- Spain
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26
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Ma MG, Deng F, Yao K. Manganese-containing cellulose nanocomposites: The restrain effect of cellulose treated with NaOH/urea aqueous solutions. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Donius AE, Liu A, Berglund LA, Wegst UG. Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose–montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 37:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Svagan AJ, Busko D, Avlasevich Y, Glasser G, Baluschev S, Landfester K. Photon energy upconverting nanopaper: a bioinspired oxygen protection strategy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8198-8207. [PMID: 25019338 DOI: 10.1021/nn502496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid materials which are able to upconvert optical radiation into photons of higher energy is attractive for many applications such as photocatalytic cells and photovoltaic devices. However, to fully exploit triplet-triplet annihilation photon energy upconversion (TTA-UC), oxygen protection is imperative because molecular oxygen is an ultimate quencher of the photon upconversion process. So far, reported solid TTA-UC materials have focused mainly on elastomeric matrices with low barrier properties because the TTA-UC efficiency generally drops significantly in glassy and semicrystalline matrices. To overcome this limit, for example, combine effective and sustainable annihilation upconversion with exhaustive oxygen protection of dyes, we prepare a sustainable solid-state-like material based on nanocellulose. Inspired by the structural buildup of leaves in Nature, we compartmentalize the dyes in the liquid core of nanocellulose-based capsules which are then further embedded in a cellulose nanofibers (NFC) matrix. Using pristine cellulose nanofibers, a sustainable and environmentally friendly functional nanomaterial with ultrahigh barrier properties is achieved. Also, an ensemble of sensitizers and emitter compounds are encapsulated, which allow harvesting of the energy of the whole deep-red sunlight region. The films demonstrate excellent lifetime in synthetic air (20.5/79.5, O2/N2)-even after 1 h operation, the intensity of the TTA-UC signal decreased only 7.8% for the film with 8.8 μm thick NFC coating. The lifetime can be further modulated by the thickness of the protective NFC coating. For comparison, the lifetime of TTA-UC in liquids exposed to air is on the level of seconds to minutes due to fast oxygen quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Svagan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Liu D, Ma Z, Wang Z, Tian H, Gu M. Biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) foams supported by cellulose nanofibrils: processing, structure, and properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9544-9550. [PMID: 25062502 DOI: 10.1021/la502723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to capture savings in energy and ambitious environmental targets, biodegradable composite foams of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) supported by cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were prepared through unidirectional freeze-drying technology. Effects of the content of CNF, the solid content of the precursor suspension, and the quenching temperature on the microstructure and properties of the composite foams were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, water uptake, and biodegradation tests. Results show that the incorporation of CNF preferably at a weight ratio of 30 wt % greatly enhanced the mechanical strength and modulus, energy absorption, water resistance, and dimensional stability of the composite foams because of the rigid and semicrystalline nature of CNF as well as regular and compact pore structures. Furthermore, the biodegradation tests performed in a simulated aerobic compost environment suggested that the involvement of CNF significantly accelerated the pace of biodegradation of the composite foams. Hence, we provided some meaningful information on the biomimetic cellular composite foams with controllable morphs and properties by varying the freeze-drying process and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
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30
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Wu J, Meredith JC. Assembly of Chitin Nanofibers into Porous Biomimetic Structures via Freeze Drying. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:185-190. [PMID: 35590502 DOI: 10.1021/mz400543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intricate hierarchical architectures in natural creatures are usually derived from assembly of molecular building blocks into nanoscale structures that then organize into micro- and macroscopic sizes. An example is the complex structure in arthropods (crustaceans, insects) constructed primarily of chitin. Because of chitin's inherent insolubility in common solvents, processes for mimicking the fascinating natural chitin-based nanostructures are still at an early stage of development. Here, we present a facile freeze-drying approach to assemble chitin nanofibers (20 nm diameter) into a variety of structures whose size and morphology are tunable by adjusting freezing temperature and heat transfer characteristics. We show that reducing the freezing rate allows controllable formation of structures ranging from oriented sheets to three-dimensional aperiodic nanofiber networks that mimic the size and interconnectivity of the white Cyphochilus beetle cuticle. The formation of nanofibrous structures is not predicted by the widely used particle encapsulation model of freeze-drying. We reason that this structure occurs due to a combination of attractive interactions of the nanofibers and a slow freezing rate that encapsulates and preserves the network structure. The method outlined here is likely applicable to creating fine nanofibrous structures with other polymers and materials classes with size ranges useful in diverse applications such as tissue engineering, filtration, and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J. Carson Meredith
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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31
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Wang Y, Gawryla MD, Schiraldi DA. Effects of freezing conditions on the morphology and mechanical properties of clay and polymer/clay aerogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Vetrik M, Pradny M, Kobera L, Slouf M, Rabyk M, Pospisilova A, Stepanek P, Hruby M. Biopolymer-based degradable nanofibres from renewable resources produced by freeze-drying. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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33
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Darder M, Aranda P, Ferrer ML, Gutiérrez MC, del Monte F, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Progress in bionanocomposite and bioinspired foams. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:5262-5267. [PMID: 22299140 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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34
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Svagan AJ, Berglund LA, Jensen P. Cellulose nanocomposite biopolymer foam--hierarchical structure effects on energy absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1411-1417. [PMID: 21520887 DOI: 10.1021/am200183u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Starch is an attractive biofoam candidate as replacement of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in packaging materials. The main technical problems with starch foam include its hygroscopic nature, sensitivity of its mechanical properties to moisture content, and much lower energy absorption than EPS. In the present study, a starch-based biofoam is for the first time able to reach comparable mechanical properties (E = 32 MPa, compressive yield strength, 630 kPa) to EPS at 50% relative humidity and similar relative density. The reason is the nanocomposite concept in the form of a cellulose nanofiber network reinforcing the hygroscopic amylopectin starch matrix in the cell wall. The biofoams are prepared by the freezing/freeze-drying technique and subjected to compressive loading. Cell structure is characterized by FE-SEM of cross sections. Mechanical properties are related to cell structure and cell wall nanocomposite composition. Hierarchically structured biofoams are demonstrated to be interesting materials with potential for strongly improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Svagan
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center and Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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