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Tian L, Li Y, Wang H, Li X, Gao Q, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Ma C, Shi C. A pH ultra-sensitive hydrated iridium oxyhydroxide films electrochemical sensor for label-free detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Anal Biochem 2024; 693:115597. [PMID: 38969155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a major foodborne pathogen, which can cause serious foodborne illnesses like diarrhoea. Rapid on-site detection of foodborne pathogens is an ideal way to respond to foodborne illnesses. Herein, we provide an electrochemical sensor for rapid on-site detection. This sensor utilized a pH-sensitive metal-oxide material for the concurrent isothermal amplification and label-free detection of nucleic acids. Based on a pH-sensitive hydrated iridium oxide oxyhydroxide film (HIROF), the electrode transforms the hydrogen ion compound generated during nucleic acid amplification into potential, so as to achieve a real-time detection. The results can be transmitted to a smartphone via Bluetooth. Moreover, HIROF was applied in nucleic acid device detection, with a super-Nernst sensitivity of 77.6 mV/pH in the pH range of 6.0-8.5, and the sensitivity showed the best results so far. Detection of V. parahaemolyticus by this novel method showed a detection limit of 1.0 × 103 CFU/mL, while the time consumption was only 30 min, outperforming real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Therefore, the characteristics of compact, portable, and fast make the sensor more widely used in on-site detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China.
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Shkodenko LA, Mohamed AA, Ateiah M, Rubel MS, Koshel EI. A DAMP-Based Assay for Rapid and Affordable Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis Agents: Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8282. [PMID: 39125852 PMCID: PMC11311791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid and accurate diagnosis of meningitis is critical for preventing severe complications and fatalities. This study addresses the need for accessible diagnostics in the absence of specialized equipment by developing a novel diagnostic assay. The assay utilizes dual-priming isothermal amplification (DAMP) with unique internal primers to significantly reduce non-specificity. For fluorescence detection, the dye was selected among Brilliant Green, Thioflavin T, and dsGreen. Brilliant Green is preferred for this assay due to its availability, high fluorescence level, and optimal sample-to-background (S/B) ratio. The assay was developed for the detection of the primary causative agents of meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), and tested on clinical samples. The developed method demonstrated high specificity, no false positives, sensitivity comparable to that of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and a high S/B ratio. This versatile assay can be utilized as a standalone test or an integrated assay into point-of-care systems for rapid and reliable pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena I. Koshel
- Laboratory of DNA-Nanosensor Diagnostics, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street, 9, 191002 St Petersburg, Russia; (L.A.S.); (A.-A.M.); (M.A.); (M.S.R.)
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3
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Lu Y, Xie Q, Chen J, Chu Z, Zhang F, Wang Q. Aptamer-mediated double strand displacement amplification with microchip electrophoresis for ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium. Talanta 2024; 273:125875. [PMID: 38452591 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and quantitative detection of foodborne bacteria is of great significance to public health. In this work, an aptamer-mediated double strand displacement amplification (SDA) strategy was first explored to couple with microchip electrophoresis (MCE) for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In double-SDA, a bacteria-identified probe consisting of the aptamer (Apt) and trigger sequence (Tr) was ingeniously designed. The aptamer showed high affinity to the S. Typhimurium, releasing the Tr sequence from the probe. The released Tr hybridized with template C1 chain, initiating the first SDA to produce numerous output strands (OS). The second SDA process was induced with the hybridization of the liberated OS and template C2 sequence, generating a large number of reporter strands (RS), which were separated and quantified through MCE. Cascade signal amplification and rapid separation of nucleic acids could be realized by the proposed double-SDA method with MCE, achieving the limit of detection for S. typhimurium down to 6 CFU/mL under the optimal conditions. Based on the elaborate design of the probes, the double-SDA assisted MCE strategy achieved better amplification performance, showing high separation efficiency and simple operation, which has satisfactory expectation for bacterial disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Qihui Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Wang Q, Zhou T, Xue D, Yang H, Sui Z, Yuan X, Xu J. An allosteric palindromic hairpin probe based dual-mode interactive strand displacement amplification enables robust miRNA biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2910-2913. [PMID: 38363200 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces an allosteric palindromic hairpin probe (APHP)-based dual-mode interactive strand displacement amplification (DMI-SDA) system for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-155. The system achieves exceptional signal amplification and improved signal preservation using dimeric G-triplexes as signal reporters, enabling robust detection of miRNA-155, representing a promising avenue in molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, P. R. China
| | - Danni Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, P. R. China
| | - Haidong Yang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuqi Sui
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Yuan
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China.
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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Raileanu M, Dionisie MV, Lixandru-Petre IO, Iliescu C. Fast detection of bacterial gut pathogens on miniaturized devices: an overview. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:201-218. [PMID: 38347807 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2316756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbes pose challenges like colon inflammation, deadly diarrhea, antimicrobial resistance dissemination, and chronic disease onset. Development of early, rapid and specific diagnosis tools is essential for improving infection control. Point-of-care testing (POCT) systems offer rapid, sensitive, low-cost and sample-to-answer methods for microbe detection from various clinical and environmental samples, bringing the advantages of portability, automation, and simple operation. AREAS COVERED Rapid detection of gut microbes can be done using a wide array of techniques including biosensors, immunological assays, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular biology. Inclusion of Internet of Things, machine learning, and smartphone-based point-of-care applications is an important aspect of POCT. In this review, the authors discuss various fast diagnostic platforms for gut pathogens and their main challenges. EXPERT OPINION Developing effective assays for microbe detection can be complex. Assay design must consider factors like target selection, real-time and multiplex detection, sample type, reagent stability and storage, primer/probe design, and optimizing reaction conditions for accuracy and sensitivity. Mitigating these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, clinicians, engineers, and industry partners. Future efforts are essential to enhance sensitivity, specificity, and versatility of POCT systems for gut microbe detection and quantification, advancing infectious disease diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Division of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, The Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Viorel Dionisie
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina-Oana Lixandru-Petre
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Microsystems in Biomedical and Environmental Applications, National Research and Development Institute for Microtechnology, Bucharest, Romania
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Yigci D, Atçeken N, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Integrated CRISPR Methods for Infectious Disease Diagnosis at Point of Care. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43357-43373. [PMID: 38027359 PMCID: PMC10666231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to pose an imminent threat to global public health, leading to high numbers of deaths every year and disproportionately impacting developing countries where access to healthcare is limited. Biological, environmental, and social phenomena, including climate change, globalization, increased population density, and social inequity, contribute to the emergence of novel communicable diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of infectious diseases are essential to preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Although some commonly used diagnostic technologies provide highly sensitive and specific measurements, limitations including the requirement for complex equipment/infrastructure and refrigeration, the need for trained personnel, long sample processing times, and high cost remain unresolved. To ensure global access to affordable diagnostic methods, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) integrated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) based pathogen detection has emerged as a promising technology. Here, LAMP-integrated CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection methods are discussed in point-of-care (PoC) pathogen detection platforms, and current limitations and future directions are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Yigci
- School
of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Nazente Atçeken
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç
University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries
(KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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7
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Dixit R, Gopalan N, Behera SK. Isothermal amplification technology (IAT) for rapid diagnosis of Rickettsioses: scope, overview, existing evidence, and the way forward. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116046. [PMID: 37625171 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsioses, a category of zoonosis primarily caused by Rickettsia and Orientia, is a huge cause of public health concern worldwide. Diseases like murine typhus, scrub typhus, Mediterranean spotted fever and rocky mountain spotted fever are major contributors of Rickettsioses globally, with peculiar distributions in south-east Asia, Africa, Arabia and the Americas. With the innovations in molecular diagnostics, Isothermal Amplification Technology is gaining popularity for its fidelity, rapidity and cost-effectiveness. Compared to commercial assays, they are easily adaptable for point-of-care (PoC) settings. Due to nonspecific presentation as an acute undifferentiated febrile illness, diagnosis of Rickettsioses poses a great challenge. Certain isothermal amplification assays have proven to be highly efficient in diagnosing vector borne diseases like dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. The purpose of this review is to provide readers the current advancements, scope, challenges, and future prospects of isothermal amplification technologies in the detection of zoonotic pathogens like Rickettsia and Orientia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Dixit
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Gopalan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Behera
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kim SH, Lee SY, Kim U, Oh SW. Diverse methods of reducing and confirming false-positive results of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341693. [PMID: 37858542 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a rapid and sensitive isothermal nucleic acid amplification method, is a promising alternative to other molecular amplification techniques due to its superior specificity and sensitivity. However, due to primer dimerization, LAMP results in nonspecific and nontemplate amplification. And during the amplification confirmation process, there is carry-over contamination. These factors can result in false-positive results that overestimate the amount of DNA, preventing accurate detection. This review outlined several techniques for reducing false-positive LAMP results before amplification and confirming false-positive results after amplification. Before the amplification step, DNA polymerase activity can be decreased with organic additives such as dimethyl sulfoxide, betaine, and pullulan to prevent nonspecific amplification. The enzyme uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG) can eliminate false-positive results caused by carry-over contamination, and the hot-start effect with gold nanoparticles can reduce nonspecific amplification. When confirming false-positive results using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, guide RNA accurately detects LAMP amplification, allowing differentiation from nonspecific amplification. By confirming amplification, the colorimetric change in the deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) formed by the reaction of the G-quadruplex sequence of the LAMP amplicon and hemin can distinguish false-positive results. Lateral flow immunoassay can distinguish false-positive results by accurately recognizing hybridized probes to LAMP amplicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sun X, Shan Y, Jian M, Wang Z. A Multichannel Fluorescence Isothermal Amplification Device with Integrated Internet of Medical Things for Rapid Sensing of Pathogens through Deep Learning. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15146-15152. [PMID: 37733965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The landscape of diagnostic assessments has experienced a paradigm shift driven by the advent of isothermal amplification techniques on point-of-care testing (POCT). The development of compact, portable isothermal amplification devices further emphasizes their transformative influence on diagnostic approaches. However, in prioritizing portability, these devices may exhibit limitations in functionality, rendering them less effective in addressing urgent public health emergencies during sudden pathogen outbreaks. In this paper, an efficient isothermal fluorescence amplification device has been fabricated for the rapid detection of pathogens during public health crises. The device features multichannel capability for simultaneous detection of various targets, integrates with the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for remote control and data uploading, and includes a deep learning-based batch processing system for rapid (9.4 ms) and accurate discrimination of pathogen type with excellent accuracy. The device has been successfully employed to simultaneously detect Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with limits of detection (LODs) of 18 CFU/mL (SA) and 20 CFU/mL (MRSA) within 35 min by multiplex RPA assay and CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated nucleic acid detection assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Reynolds J, Loeffler RS, Leigh PJ, Lopez HA, Yoon JY. Recent Uses of Paper Microfluidics in Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37754119 PMCID: PMC10526735 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests have recently gained popularity over polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as they only require a constant temperature and significantly simplify nucleic acid amplification. Recently, numerous attempts have been made to incorporate paper microfluidics into these isothermal amplification tests. Paper microfluidics (including lateral flow strips) have been used to extract nucleic acids, amplify the target gene, and detect amplified products, all toward automating the process. We investigated the literature from 2020 to the present, i.e., since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which a significant surge in isothermal amplification tests has been observed. Paper microfluidic detection has been used extensively for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and its related methods, along with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and rolling circle amplification (RCA). Detection was conducted primarily with colorimetric and fluorometric methods, although a few publications demonstrated flow distance- and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS)-based detection. A good number of publications could be found that demonstrated both amplification and detection on paper microfluidic platforms. A small number of publications could be found that showed extraction or all three procedures (i.e., fully integrated systems) on paper microfluidic platforms, necessitating the need for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Reid S. Loeffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Preston J. Leigh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Hannah A. Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
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Fan Y, Wang S, Song M, Zhou L, Liu C, Yang Y, Yu S, Yang M. Specific biomarker mining and rapid detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex by recombinase polymerase amplification. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270760. [PMID: 37779692 PMCID: PMC10539473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To mine specific proteins and their protein-coding genes as suitable molecular biomarkers for the Burkholderia cepacia Complex (BCC) bacteria detection based on mega analysis of microbial proteomic and genomic data comparisons and to develop a real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (rt-RPA) assay for rapid isothermal screening for pharmaceutical and personal care products. Methods We constructed an automatic screening framework based on Python to compare the microbial proteomes of 78 BCC strains and 263 non-BCC strains to identify BCC-specific protein sequences. In addition, the specific protein-coding gene and its core DNA sequence were validated in silico with a self-built genome database containing 158 thousand bacteria. The appropriate methodology for BCC detection using rt-RPA was evaluated by 58 strains in pure culture and 33 batches of artificially contaminated pharmaceutical and personal care products. Results We identified the protein SecY and its protein-coding gene secY through the automatic comparison framework. The virtual evaluation of the conserved region of the secY gene showed more than 99.8% specificity from the genome database, and it can distinguish all known BCC species from other bacteria by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the detection limit of the rt-RPA assay targeting the secY gene was 5.6 × 102 CFU of BCC bacteria in pure culture or 1.2 pg of BCC bacteria genomic DNA within 30 min. It was validated to detect <1 CFU/portion of BCC bacteria from artificially contaminated samples after a pre-enrichment process. The relative trueness and sensitivity of the rt-RPA assay were 100% in practice compared to the reference methods. Conclusion The automatic comparison framework for molecular biomarker mining is straightforward, universal, applicable, and efficient. Based on recognizing the BCC-specific protein SecY and its gene, we successfully established the rt-RPA assay for rapid detection in pharmaceutical and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Fan
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Song
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuijing Yu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meicheng Yang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Food and Drug Packaging Material Control Center, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zeininger L. Responsive Janus droplets as modular sensory layers for the optical detection of bacteria. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04838-w. [PMID: 37450000 PMCID: PMC10404245 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The field of biosensor development is fueled by innovations in new functional transduction materials and technologies. Material innovations promise to extend current sensor hardware limitations, reduce analysis costs, and ensure broad application of sensor methods. Optical sensors are particularly attractive because they enable sensitive and noninvasive analyte detection in near real-time. Optical transducers convert physical, chemical, or biological events into detectable changes in fluorescence, refractive index, or spectroscopic shifts. Thus, in addition to sophisticated biochemical selector designs, smart transducers can improve signal transmission and amplification, thereby greatly facilitating the practical applicability of biosensors, which, to date, is often hampered by complications such as difficult replication of reproducible selector-analyte interactions within a uniform and consistent sensing area. In this context, stimuli-responsive and optically active Janus emulsions, which are dispersions of kinetically stabilized biphasic fluid droplets, have emerged as a novel triggerable material platform that provides as a versatile and cost-effective alternative for the generation of reproducible, highly sensitive, and modular optical sensing layers. The intrinsic and unprecedented chemical-morphological-optical coupling inside Janus droplets has facilitated optical signal transduction and amplification in various chemo- and biosensor paradigms, which include examples for the rapid and cost-effective detection of major foodborne pathogens. These initial demonstrations resulted in detection limits that rival the capabilities of current commercial platforms. This trend article aims to present a conceptual summary of these initial efforts and to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of the pivotal kinetic and thermodynamic principles that govern the ability of Janus droplets to sensitively and selectively respond to and interact with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zeininger
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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13
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Insight into molecular diagnosis for antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites: A review. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106870. [PMID: 36849091 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito and poses a severe threat to human health. At present, antimalarial drugs are the primary treatment for malaria. The widespread use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has dramatically reduced the number of malaria-related deaths; however, the emergence of resistance has the potential to reverse this progress. Accurate and timely diagnosis of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium parasites via detecting molecular markers (such as Pfnhe1, Pfmrp, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, and Pfk13) is essential for malaria control and elimination. Here, we review the current techniques which commonly used for molecular diagnosis of antimalarial resistance in P. falciparum and discuss their sensitivities and specificities for different drug resistance-associated molecular markers, with the aim of providing insights into possible directions for future precise point-of-care testing (POCT) of antimalarial drug resistance of malaria parasites.
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14
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Wang Y, Peng C, Ding L, Su Z, Chen X, Wang X, Sun M, Xu J. An Accurate, Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for T-nos Detection Based on CRISPR/Cas12a. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030615. [PMID: 36766144 PMCID: PMC9914525 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas12a technology is used for nucleic acid detection due to its specific recognition function and non-specific single-stranded DNA cleavage activity. Here, we developed a fluorescence visualisation detection method based on PCR and CRISPR/Cas12a approaches. The method was used to detect the nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos) of genetically modified (GM) crops, circumventing the need for expensive instruments and technicians. For enhanced sensitivity and stability of PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a detection, we separately optimised the reaction systems for PCR amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a detection. Eleven samples of soybean samples were assessed to determine the applicability of the PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a method. The method could specifically detect target gene levels as low as 60 copies in the reaction within 50 min. In addition, accurate detection of all 11 samples confirmed the applicability. The method is not limited by large-scale instruments, making it suitable for mass detection of transgenic components in plants in the field. In conclusion, we developed a new, accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for GM detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhixun Su
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Meihao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.X.)
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15
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Wilner OI, Yesodi D, Weizmann Y. Point-of-care nucleic acid tests: assays and devices. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:942-952. [PMID: 36515009 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS_CoV_2 virus) has emphasized the need for quick, easy-to-operate, reliable, and affordable diagnostic tests and devices at the Point-of-Care (POC) for homes/fields/clinics. Such tests and devices will contribute significantly to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and any future infectious disease epidemic. Often, academic research studies and those from industry lack knowledge of each other's developments. Here, we introduced DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and isothermal amplification reactions and reviewed the current commercially available POC nucleic acid diagnostic devices. In addition, we reviewed the history and the recent advancements in an effort to develop reliable, quick, portable, cost-effective, and automatic point-of-care nucleic acid diagnostic devices, from sample to result. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between academia and industry and to share important knowledge on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer I Wilner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Doron Yesodi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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16
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Hao Y, Yang R. Fano resonance-induced high-purity circularly polarized spectra for high-precision refractive index sensing from hybrid resonator-graphene meta-surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3059-3071. [PMID: 36785305 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the perfect synthesis of terahertz circularly polarized Fano resonant reflecting spectra from hybrid resonator-graphene meta-surfaces for highly sensitive refractive index sensing of the biochemical analyte. Such a hybrid resonator-graphene meta-surface, consisting of periodic multi-node split ring resonators on the top of the grounded polyimide substrate inserted with a monolayer graphene sheet, can perfectly transform the linearly polarized electromagnetic fields into circularly polarized waves. Especially, the greatest polarization purity of the reflecting spectra can readily be obtained at the Fano resonance by tuning the Fermi level of the graphene, thus offering an alternative way to identify the difference between the given test specimens and other analytes with a very close refractive index on the basis of the polarization extinction ratio. The proposed methodology, capable of distinguishing the samples with a difference in the refractive index of ten thousandths, should pave the way for tangible applications of precision detections in biochemical assays with high accuracy.
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17
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Bian Z, Liu W, Jin J, Hao Y, Jiang L, Xie Y, Zhang H. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) for rapid detection of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278869. [PMID: 36508428 PMCID: PMC9744308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) are widely distributed and can cause serious food-borne diseases for humans such as dysentery. Therefore, an efficient detection platform is needed to detect Shigella and EIEC quickly and sensitively. In this study, a method called recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) was developed for rapid detection of Shigella and EIEC. RPA primers and LFD detection probes were designed for their shared virulence gene ipaH. Primers and probes were screened, and the primer concentration, and reaction time and temperature were optimized. According to the optimization results, the RPA reaction should be performed at 39°C, and when combined with LFD, it takes less than 25 min for detection with the naked eye. The developed RPA-LFD method specifically targets gene ipaH and has no cross-reactivity with other common food-borne pathogens. In addition, the minimum detection limit of RPA-LFD is 1.29×102 copies/μL. The detection of food sample showed that the RPA-LFD method was also verified for the detection of actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Bian
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Wong ZW, New SY. An enzyme-free turn-on fluorescent strategy for nucleic acid detection based on hybridization chain reaction and transferable silver nanoclusters. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:16. [PMID: 36480078 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence biosensor has been developed based on hybridisation chain reaction (HCR) amplification coupled with silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) for nucleic acid detection. The fluorescence was activated via end-to-end transfer of dark AgNCs caged within a DNA template to another DNA sequence that could enhance their red fluorescence emission at 611 nm. Such cluster-transfer approach allows us to introduce fluorogenic AgNCs as external signal transducers, thereby enabling HCR to perform in a predictable manner. The resulted HCR-AgNC biosensor was able to detect target DNA with a detection limit of 3.35 fM, and distinguish the DNA target from single-base mismatch sequences. Moreover, the bright red fluorescence emission was detectable with the naked eye, with concentration of target DNA down to 1 pM. The biosensor also performed well in human serum samples with good recovery. Overall, our cluster-transfer approach provides a good alternative to construct HCR-AgNC assay with less risk of circuit leakage and produce AgNCs in a controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siu Yee New
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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19
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Atçeken N, Yigci D, Ozdalgic B, Tasoglu S. CRISPR-Cas-Integrated LAMP. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1035. [PMID: 36421156 PMCID: PMC9688180 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tests have become an important need in the fight against infectious diseases and epidemics in recent years. PoC diagnostic tests are designed with the following parameters in mind: rapidity, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use. Molecular techniques are the gold standard for pathogen detection due to their accuracy and specificity. There are various limitations in adapting molecular diagnostic methods to PoC diagnostic tests. Efforts to overcome limitations are focused on the development of integrated molecular diagnostics by utilizing the latest technologies available to create the most successful PoC diagnostic platforms. With this point of view, a new generation technology was developed by combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated (CRISPR-Cas) technology. This integrated approach benefits from the properties of LAMP technology, namely its high efficiency, short turnaround time, and the lack of need for a complex device. It also makes use of the programmable function of CRISPR-Cas technology and the collateral cleavage activity of certain Cas proteins that allow for convenient reporter detection. Thus, this combined technology enables the development of PoC diagnostic tests with high sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use without the need for complicated devices. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the CRISPR/Cas combined LAMP technology. We review current limitations to convert CRISPR combined LAMP into pathogen-specific PoC platforms. Furthermore, we point out the need to design more useful PoC platforms using microfabrication technologies by developing strategies that overcome the limitations of this new technology, reduce its complexity, and reduce the risk of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazente Atçeken
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Defne Yigci
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Berin Ozdalgic
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- School of Medical Services & Techniques, Dogus University, Istanbul 34775, Turkey
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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20
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Xue W, Song K, Chang Y, Liu M. Colorimetric Detection of DNase Type I 3'OH DNA Ends Using an Isothermal Amplification-Assisted Paper-Based Analytical Device. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1012. [PMID: 36421130 PMCID: PMC9688845 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The generation of DNase type I 3'OH DNA ends is closely related to the harm of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and environmental genotoxic agents. The evaluation of this type of DNA damage plays an important role in clinical intervention and environmental toxicity assessment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-assisted isothermal amplification (TAIA) offers a facile and versatile way to detect DNase type I 3'OH DNA ends. Its ability of templated-independent isothermal amplification is one unique feature. Here, we reported a paper-based analytical device (PAD) coupled with a smartphone for the detection of DNase type I 3'OH DNA ends using TAIA and colorimetric signal readout. We achieved the integration of cell lysis, DNA extraction, TAIA, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-enabled colorimetric reaction, and signal readout. This device could achieve a limit of detection of 264 cells with a total assay time of less than 45 min. By combining PAD with a smartphone, the integrated platform could be used for the visual and quantitative analysis of DNA damages with the advantages of ease-to-use, fast response, inexpensive, and instrument free. Furthermore, successful assessment of the genotoxicity in wastewater effluents suggested the great promise of the integrated platform for on-site testing in practical applications.
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21
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Li Q, Li Y, Gao Q, Jiang C, Tian Q, Ma C, Shi C. Real-time monitoring of isothermal nucleic acid amplification on a smartphone by using a portable electrochemical device for home-testing of SARS-CoV-2. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340343. [PMID: 36156220 PMCID: PMC9449873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Home-testing of SARS-CoV-2 is an ideal approach for controlling the pandemic of COVID-19 and alleviating the shortage of medical resource caused by this acute infectious disease. Herein, a portable device that enables real-time monitoring of isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (INAATs) through the electrochemistry method was fabricated for home-testing of SARS-CoV-2. First, a disposable plug-and-play pH-sensitive potentiometric sensor that matches this electrochemical INAATs (E-INAATs) device was designed to allow the label-free pH sensing detection of nucleic acid. By applying Nafion film on the polyaniline-based working electrode, this sensor exhibited an excellent linear potentiometric response to pH value in the range of 6.0–8.5 with a slope of −37.45 ± 1.96 mV/pH unit. A Bluetooth module was integrated into this device to enable the users real-time monitoring INAATs on their smartphones at home. Moreover, by presetting criteria, the detection results could be automatically judged by the device to avoid human errors. Finally, the utility of this E-INAATs device was demonstrated by detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein gene in artificial samples with a sensitivity of 2 × 102 copies/test within 25 min, which was comparable with fluorescence and colorimetric assay. This portable, easy-operated, sensitive, and affordable device is particularly desirable for the full integration of household SARS-CoV-2 detection products and will open a new prospect for the control of infectious diseases via electrochemical NAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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22
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Siriyasatien P, Wacharapluesadee S, Kraivichian K, Suwanbamrung C, Sutthanont N, Cantos-Barreda A, Phumee A. Development and evaluation of a visible reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for the detection of Asian lineage ZIKV in field-caught mosquitoes. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106691. [PMID: 36103950 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emerging and re-emerging arbovirus infection that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Early detection of ZIKV in mosquitoes is one of the prerequisite approaches for tracking the spread of the virus. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a visual reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method called ZIKV-RT-LAMP, for detecting ZIKV in field collected mosquito samples from Thailand. A single-tube ZIKV-RT-LAMP assay was developed to detect Asian lineage ZIKV RNA. The detection limit and cross-reactivity of ZIKV were investigated. The hemi-nested RT-PCR (hn-RT-PCR) and the colorimetric LAMP kit (cLAMP kit) were performed as reference assays. The detection limit of the ZIKV-RT-LAMP assay was 10-6 ffu/ml or pfu/ml, making it highly specific and 100 times more sensitive than the hn-RT-PCR and cLAMP kits. The ZIKV-RT-LAMP assay detected the Asian lineage of ZIKV RNA without cross-reactivity with other arthropod-borne viruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the ZIKV-RT-LAMP assay were 92.31% and 100%, respectively. The ZIKV-RT-LAMP is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for detecting ZIKV in field-caught mosquitos. In the future, extensive surveys of field-caught mosquito populations should be conducted. Early detection of ZIKV in field-caught mosquitoes provides for prompt and effective implementation of mosquito control strategies in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padet Siriyasatien
- Center of Excellence in Vector Biology and Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Kraivichian
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Charuai Suwanbamrung
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Nataya Sutthanont
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ana Cantos-Barreda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Atchara Phumee
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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23
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Zhi S, Shen J, Li X, Jiang Y, Xue J, Fang T, Xu J, Wang X, Cao Y, Yang D, Yao Z, Yu D. Development of Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA)-Exo-Probe and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a Assays for Rapid Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9557-9566. [PMID: 35857318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of campylobacteriosis, one of the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide. Here, we report the development of RAA-exo-probe and RAA-CRIPSR/Cas12a assays for the detection of C. jejuni in food samples. The two assays were found to be highly specific to C. jejuni and highly sensitive, as they were one log more sensitive compared to the traditional culture method, with detection thresholds of 9 and 5 copies per reaction, respectively. These assays successfully detected C. jejuni in spiked chicken samples and natural meat samples (chicken, beef, mutton, etc.) and were overall less dependent on expensive equipment, only requiring a fluorescent reader. Their ease of use compared to other nucleic acid amplification-based methods indicates that these assays could be adapted for the rapid, routine surveillance of C. jejuni contamination in food samples, particularly for work done in the field or poorly equipped labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinling Shen
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Nanjing Customs District People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Junxin Xue
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Taisong Fang
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuhao Cao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Danting Yang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daniel Yu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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24
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Cardona-Trujillo MC, Ocampo-Cárdenas T, Tabares-Villa FA, Zuluaga-Vélez A, Sepúlveda-Arias JC. Recent molecular techniques for the diagnosis of Zika and Chikungunya infections: A systematic review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10225. [PMID: 36033321 PMCID: PMC9404361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause important viral diseases affecting the world population. Both viruses can produce remarkably similar clinical manifestations, co-circulate in a geographic region, and coinfections have been documented, thus making clinical diagnosis challenging. Therefore, it is urgent to have better molecular techniques that allow a differential, sensitive and rapid diagnosis from body fluid samples. This systematic review explores evidence in the literature regarding the advances in the molecular diagnosis of Zika and Chikungunya in humans, published from 2010 to March 2021. Four databases were consulted (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and a total of 31 studies were included according to the selection criteria. Our analysis highlights the need for standardization in the report and interpretation of new promising diagnostic methods. It also examines the benefits of new alternatives for the molecular diagnosis of these arboviruses, in contrast to established methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Cardona-Trujillo
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Ocampo-Cárdenas
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Fredy A Tabares-Villa
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Augusto Zuluaga-Vélez
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Juan C Sepúlveda-Arias
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
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25
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Jiang H, Wang W, Wang W, Xue C, Wang L, Liu D, Wang R, Yu S, Wu ZS. Hairpin-inserted cross-shaped DNA nanoprobe for ultrasensitive microRNA detection based on built-in target analogue cycle amplification. Talanta 2022; 250:123717. [PMID: 35785608 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
It remains technically challenging to develop a sensitive assay system to isothermally amplify the signal for miRNA detection because of its low abundance in tested sample, sequence similarities and existence in complex biological environments. In this study, using miRNA-21 as target model, a hairpin-inserted cross-shaped DNA nanoprobe (CP) with four functional arms is constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA via one-step built-in target analogue (BTA) cycle-mediated signal amplification. BTA is pre-locked in one arm of CP probe and inactive. In the presence of target miRNA, BTA can be unlocked and initiate an isothermal amplification process. Utilizing as-designed CP probe, miRNA-21 can be detected to down to 500 fM, and the linear response range spans over five orders of magnitude. The nonspecific signal is less than 1% upon nontarget miRNAs. CP probe exhibits ∼six times enhancement in resistance to nuclease degradation and no obvious degradation-induced fluorescence change is detected during the assay period. The recovery yield ranges from 98.2~105.5% in FBS solution. Because of the high sensitivity, desirable specificity, strong anti-interference ability and substantial increase in nuclease resistance, CP probe is a promising tool for the detection of miRNAs in a complex biological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chang Xue
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dengyou Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Suhong Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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26
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Self-Assembled Inkjet Printer for Droplet Digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tools for molecular detection has been pushed forward by the advancements of technical aspects. However, attention has rarely been paid to the molecular detection methodology using inkjet printing technique. Herein, we developed an approach that employed a self-assembled inkjet printer as the enabling technology to realize droplet digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification in a low-cost and practical format. An inkjet printer is a self-assembled tool for the generation of discrete droplets in controllable volumes from a picoliter to a nanoliter. A microfluidic chip serves as a droplets reservoir to perform droplet digital LAMP assays. The inkjet printer approach successfully quantified the HPV16 from CaSki cells. This self-assembled and practical inkjet printer device may therefore become a promising tool for rapid molecular detection and can be extended to on-site analysis.
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27
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Internal heating method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of HPV-6 DNA. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:212. [PMID: 35507110 PMCID: PMC9065241 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising diagnostic tool for genetic amplification, which is known for its rapid process, simple operation, high amplification efficiency, and excellent sensitivity. However, most of the existing heating methods are external for completion of molecular amplification with possibility of contamination of specimens. The present research provided an internal heating method for LAMP using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which is called nano-LAMP. Near-infrared light with an excitation wavelength of 808 nm was employed as the heating source; hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) was used as an indicator to conduct methodological research. We demonstrate that the best temperature was controlled at a working power of 2 W and 4.8 µg/µL concentration of nanoparticles. The lowest limit for the detection of HPV by the nano-LAMP method is 102 copies/mL, which was confirmed by a gel electrophoresis assay. In the feasibility investigation of validated clinical samples, all 10 positive HPV-6 specimens amplified by nano-LAMP were consistent with conventional LAMP methods. Therefore, the nano-LAMP detection method using internal heating of MNPs may bring a new vision to the exploration of thermostatic detection in the future.
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28
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Jhou YR, Wang CH, Tsai HP, Shan YS, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic platform featuring real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of COVID-19. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 358:131447. [PMID: 35095200 PMCID: PMC8789398 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An integrated microfluidic platform (IMP) utilizing real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was developed here for detection and quantification of three genes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; i.e., coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19)): RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the envelope gene, and the nucleocapsid gene for molecular diagnosis. The IMP comprised a microfluidic chip, a temperature control module, a fluidic control module that collectively carried out viral lysis, RNA extraction, RT-LAMP, and the real-time detection within 90 min in an automatic format. A limit of detection of 5 × 103 copies/reaction for each gene was determined with three samples including synthesized RNAs, inactive viruses, and RNAs extracted from clinical samples; this compact platform could be a useful tool for COVID-19 diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ru Jhou
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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29
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Xu R, Cheng Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Qi X, Chen L, Han L. Aptamer-based signal amplification strategies coupled with microchips for high-sensitivity bioanalytical applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Zhu J, Xue J, Sun D, Zhao W, Zhang C, Feng X, Wang K. Effect of Mono- and Divalent Metal Ions on Current-Voltage Features of a λ-DNA Solution Electrically Driven in a Microfluidic Capillary. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1716-1724. [PMID: 35089718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of DNA molecules and metal ions lead to changes in their configuration and conformation, which in turn influence the current characteristics of the solution as DNA molecules are translocated through a micro/nanofluidic channel and ultimately cause serious impacts on the practical applications of DNA/gene chips for precisely manipulating and studying the molecular properties of single DNA molecules. In this study, the current characteristics of λ-DNA solutions without or with metal ions (i.e., K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) were experimentally investigated when they were transported through a 5 μm microcapillary under an external electric field with asymmetric electrodes. Experimental data indicated some meaningful results. First, the current-voltage relations of the metal ion solutions were all linear, while those of λ-DNA solutions without or with metal ions were all nonlinear and followed power functions, of which the indices were related to the type, valence, and mobility of ions. Furthermore, as the concentrations of metal ions increased, the power indices of the λ-DNA solutions with monovalent metal ions increased, while those of the λ-DNA solutions with divalent ions decreased. Finally, the main reasons for the current characteristics were theoretically attributed to two possible mechanisms: the polarizations on the asymmetric electrodes and the interactions between λ-DNA and metal ions. These findings are helpful for the design of new biomedical micro/nanofluidic sensors and labs on a chip for accurately manipulating single DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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31
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Bialy RM, Mainguy A, Li Y, Brennan JD. Functional nucleic acid biosensors utilizing rolling circle amplification. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9009-9067. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00613h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional nucleic acids regulate rolling circle amplification to produce multiple detection outputs suitable for the development of point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M. Bialy
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Alexa Mainguy
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
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32
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Hardinge P. Optimized Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Allows Single Copy Detection Using Bioluminescent Assay in Real Time (BART). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2524:107-117. [PMID: 35821466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioluminescent assay in real time (BART) is a molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of nucleic acid amplification by recording light output. The key component for BART is a thermostable luciferase derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis. Coupling BART detection with the isothermal amplification method loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) enables rapid molecular diagnostic results using simple equipment. LAMP-BART provides quantitative results from a closed tube and is appropriate to microliter standard tests and nanoliter microfluidic assays. In this chapter, we introduce a protocol to amplify and detect genetic markers using LAMP with BART. Furthermore, we provide advice to optimize LAMP assays for high sensitivity and specificity and to eliminate the incidence of "false positive" results which can occur from the components of the assay. The optimization of genetically modified (GM) maize by targeting the nopaline synthase terminator (NOSt) and 35S promoter (35Sp) sequences is described.
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33
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Adampourezare M, Saadati A, Hasanzadeh M, Dehghan G, Feizi MAH. Reliable recognition of DNA methylation using bioanalysis of hybridization on the surface of Ag/GQD nanocomposite stabilized on poly (β-cyclodextrin): A new platform for DNA damage studies using genosensor technology. J Mol Recognit 2021; 35:e2945. [PMID: 34904757 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the role of DNA methylation in causing cancer in the present study, an innovative and inexpensive method was designed for the sensitive detection of DNA methylation. The silver-graphene quantum dots (Ag/GQDs) nano ink with high electrical conductivity was used as a substrate for genosensor fabrication toward identification of DNA hybridization. Also, poly (β-cyclodextrin) (p[β-CD]) has been used as a biointerface for the stabilization of Ag/GQD nano ink. The thiolated pDNA strand (5'-SH-TCCGCTTCCCGACCCGCACTCCGC-3') (as bioreceptor element) was fixed on the substrate and hybridized with methylated (5'-GC(M)GGAGTGC(M)GGGTC(M)GGGAAGC(M)GGA-3') and unmethylated (5'-GCGGAGTGCGGGTCGGGAAGCGGA-3') cDNAs, as target sequences were studied using electroanalysis methods. Under optimal conditions and using electrochemical techniques, the linear range was 1 am to 1 pm with LLOQ of 1aM. Finally, the designed DNA genosensor was used for detection of DNA methylation in human plasma samples and can be used to detect methylation in patient samples. It is expected that the designed DNA-based biodevice will be used to early stage diagnosis of cancer using monitoring of DNA methylation. Also, this type of genosensor can be used for epigenetic studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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34
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Yang L, Yi W, Sun F, Xu M, Zeng Z, Bi X, Dong J, Xie Y, Li M. Application of Lab-on-Chip for Detection of Microbial Nucleic Acid in Food and Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765375. [PMID: 34803990 PMCID: PMC8600318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases caused by food-borne or environmental pathogenic microorganisms have been a persistent threat to public health and global economies. It is necessary to regularly detect microorganisms in food and environment to prevent infection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, most traditional detection methods are expensive, time-consuming, and unfeasible in practice in the absence of sophisticated instruments and trained operators. Point-of-care testing (POCT) can be used to detect microorganisms rapidly on site and greatly improve the efficiency of microbial detection. Lab-on-chip (LOC) is an emerging POCT technology with great potential by integrating most of the experimental steps carried out in the laboratory into a single monolithic device. This review will primarily focus on principles and techniques of LOC for detection of microbial nucleic acid in food and environment, including sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Zeng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
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35
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Xiao X, Lin Z, Huang X, Lu J, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Lou Y. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Vibrio vulnificus Using CRISPR/Cas12a Combined With a Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:767315. [PMID: 34745075 PMCID: PMC8566878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.767315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an important zoonotic and aquatic pathogen and can cause vibriosis in humans and aquatic animals (especially farmed fish and shrimp species). Rapid and sensitive detection methods for V. vulnificus are still required to diagnose human vibriosis early and reduce aquaculture losses. Herein, we developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method comprising a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay and the CRISPR/Cas12a system (named RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a) to detect V. vulnificus. The RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method allows rapid and sensitive detection of V. vulnificus in 40 min without a sophisticated instrument, and the limit of detection is two copies of V. vulnificus genomic DNA per reaction. Meanwhile, the method shows satisfactory specificity toward non-target bacteria and high accuracy in the spiked blood, stool, and shrimp samples. Therefore, our proposed rapid and sensitive V. vulnificus detection method, RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a, has great potential for early diagnosis of human vibriosis and on-site V. vulnificus detection in aquaculture and food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziqin Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Laibao Zheng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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36
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Dendritic porous silica nanoparticles with high-curvature structures for a dual-mode DNA sensor based on fluorometer and person glucose meter. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:407. [PMID: 34735602 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A dual-mode DNA sensor was constructed to detect nucleic acid sensitively and selectively. Based on dendritic porous silica nanoparticles (DPSNs) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification strategy, the fabricated DNA sensor showed good sensitivity with low detection limits down to 2.18 pM and 4.02 pM by fluorescence (excited at 488 nm and emitted at 508 nm) and personal glucose meter (PGM) assays, respectively. This dual-mode detection of DNA offered superior reliability and accuracy and could meet the requirements of different testing environments, including laboratory confirmation and portable detection. Moreover, the impact of nanoparticles morphology on detection performance was also discussed. Due to the center-radial pores, DPSNs had high curvature morphology, which improved the coverage capacity, footprint, and deflection angle of probes. This work fabricated a dual-mode DNA sensor and revealed the relationship between morphology and detection performance, which brought new insights in novel biosensor development.
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37
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Safiabadi Tali SH, LeBlanc JJ, Sadiq Z, Oyewunmi OD, Camargo C, Nikpour B, Armanfard N, Sagan SM, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S. Tools and Techniques for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 Detection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00228-20. [PMID: 33980687 PMCID: PMC8142517 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00228-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Efficient diagnostic tools are in high demand, as rapid and large-scale testing plays a pivotal role in patient management and decelerating disease spread. This paper reviews current technologies used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in clinical laboratories as well as advances made for molecular, antigen-based, and immunological point-of-care testing, including recent developments in sensor and biosensor devices. The importance of the timing and type of specimen collection is discussed, along with factors such as disease prevalence, setting, and methods. Details of the mechanisms of action of the various methodologies are presented, along with their application span and known performance characteristics. Diagnostic imaging techniques and biomarkers are also covered, with an emphasis on their use for assessing COVID-19 or monitoring disease severity or complications. While the SARS-CoV-2 literature is rapidly evolving, this review highlights topics of interest that have occurred during the pandemic and the lessons learned throughout. Exploring a broad armamentarium of techniques for detecting SARS-CoV-2 will ensure continued diagnostic support for clinicians, public health, and infection prevention and control for this pandemic and provide advice for future pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason J LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zubi Sadiq
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Oyejide Damilola Oyewunmi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carolina Camargo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bahareh Nikpour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Narges Armanfard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Selena M Sagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sana Jahanshahi-Anbuhi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Naseri M, Ziora ZM, Simon GP, Batchelor W. ASSURED‐compliant point‐of‐care diagnostics for the detection of human viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Naseri
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Kumar S, Gallagher R, Bishop J, Kline E, Buser J, Lafleur L, Shah K, Lutz B, Yager P. Long-term dry storage of enzyme-based reagents for isothermal nucleic acid amplification in a porous matrix for use in point-of-care diagnostic devices. Analyst 2021; 145:6875-6886. [PMID: 32820749 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01098g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-based point-of-care (POC) devices are rapidly growing for use in low-resource settings. However, key challenges are the ability to store the enzyme-based reagents in dry form in the device and the long-term stability of those reagents at elevated temperatures, especially where ambient temperatures could be as high as 45 °C. Here, we describe a set of excipients including a combination of trehalose, polyethylene glycol and dextran, and a method for using them that allows long-term dry storage of enzyme-based reagents for an isothermal strand displacement amplification (iSDA) reaction in a porous matrix. Various porous materials, including nitrocellulose, cellulose, and glass fiber, were tested. Co-dried reagents for iSDA always included those that amplified the ldh1 gene in Staphylococcus aureus (a polymerase and a nicking enzyme, 4 primers, dNTPs and a buffer). Reagents also either included a capture probe and a streptavidin-Au label required for lateral flow (LF) detection after amplification, or a fluorescent probe used for real-time detection. The reagents showed the best stability in a glass fiber matrix when stored in the presence of 10% trehalose and 2.5% dextran. The reagents were stable for over a year at ∼22 °C as determined by lateral flow detection and gel electrophoresis. The reagents also exhibited excellent stability after 360 h at 45 °C; the assay still detected as few as 10 copies of ldh1 gene target by lateral flow detection, and 50 copies with real-time fluorescence detection. These results demonstrate the potential for incorporation of amplification reagents in dry form in point-of-care devices for use in a wide range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Uddin SM, Sayad A, Chan J, Huynh DH, Skafidas E, Kwan P. Heater Integrated Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Rapid HLA Alleles Amplification towards Prevention of Drug Hypersensitivity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3413. [PMID: 34068416 PMCID: PMC8153606 DOI: 10.3390/s21103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B*15:02 screening before administering carbamazepine is recommended to prevent life-threatening hypersensitivity. However, the unavailability of a point-of-care device impedes this screening process. Our research group previously developed a two-step HLA-B*15:02 detection technique utilizing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on the tube, which requires two-stage device development to translate into a portable platform. Here, we report a heater-integrated lab-on-a-chip device for the LAMP amplification, which can rapidly detect HLA-B alleles colorimetrically. A gold-patterned micro-sized heater was integrated into a 3D-printed chip, allowing microfluidic pumping, valving, and incubation. The performance of the chip was tested with color dye. Then LAMP assay was conducted with human genomic DNA samples of known HLA-B genotypes in the LAMP-chip parallel with the tube assay. The LAMP-on-chip results showed a complete match with the LAMP-on-tube assay, demonstrating the detection system's concurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Mukim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (D.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Abkar Sayad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Jianxiong Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (D.H.H.); (E.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Duc Hau Huynh
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (D.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (D.H.H.); (E.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (D.H.H.); (E.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Khater A, Abdelrehim O, Mohammadi M, Mohamad A, Sanati-Nezhad A. Thermal droplet microfluidics: From biology to cooling technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yadav S, Sharma NN, Akhtar J. Nucleic acid analysis on paper substrates (NAAPs): an innovative tool for Point of Care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. Analyst 2021; 146:3422-3439. [PMID: 33904559 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cost-effective rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is an essential and important factor for curing such diseases in the global public health care picture. Owing to poor infrastructure and lack of sanitation, these diseases have an extreme impact on remote and rural areas, especially in developing countries, and there are unresolved challenges. Molecular diagnosis, such as nucleic acid analysis, plays a key role in the significant treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Current molecular diagnostic assays require a sophisticated laboratory setup with expensive components. Molecular diagnosis on a microfluidic point-of-care (POC) platform is attractive to researchers for disease detection with proper prevention. Compared to various microfluidic substrate materials, paper-based POC technologies offer significant cost-effective solutions over high-cost clinical instruments to fill the gap between the needs of users and affordability. Low-cost paper-based microfluidic POC technologies provide portable and disposable diagnostic systems for multiple disease detection that may be extremely useful in remote areas. This article presents a critical review of paper-based microfluidic device technology which has become an imminent platform to adjust the current health scenario for the detection of diseases using different stages of nucleic acid analysis, such as extraction, amplification and detection of nucleic acid, with future perspectives for paper substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Niti Nipun Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jamil Akhtar
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
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Bias in RNA-seq Library Preparation: Current Challenges and Solutions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6647597. [PMID: 33987443 PMCID: PMC8079181 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become the most advanced technology for transcriptome analysis, it also confronts various challenges. As we all know, the workflow of RNA-seq is extremely complicated and it is easy to produce bias. This may damage the quality of RNA-seq dataset and lead to an incorrect interpretation for sequencing result. Thus, our detailed understanding of the source and nature of these biases is essential for the interpretation of RNA-seq data, finding methods to improve the quality of RNA-seq experimental, or development bioinformatics tools to compensate for these biases. Here, we discuss the sources of experimental bias in RNA-seq. And for each type of bias, we discussed the method for improvement, in order to provide some useful suggestions for researcher in RNA-seq experimental.
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Xie C, Chen S, Zhang L, He X, Ma Y, Wu H, Zou B, Zhou G. Multiplex detection of blood-borne pathogens on a self-driven microfluidic chip using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2923-2931. [PMID: 33712918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Detection of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is essential to ensure the safety of blood transfusion. However, traditional PCR-based pathogen nucleic acid detection methods require relatively high experimental facilities and are difficult to apply in areas with limited resources. In this study, a self-driven microfluidic chip was designed to carry out multiplex detection of HBV, HCV and HIV by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Benefitting from the air permeability of the polydimethylsiloxane material, the chip could accomplish sample loading within 12 min driven by the pressure difference between the reaction chambers and vacuum chambers in the chip without using pumps or any injection devices. Multiplex detection is achieved by presetting LAMP primers specific to different targets in different reaction chambers. Calcein was used as an indicator to indicate the positive amplification reaction, and the result can be recorded by a smartphone camera. After 50 min of isothermal amplification at 63 °C, 2 copies/μL of HBV, HCV and HIV target nucleic acids could be detected. The results of HBV detection of 20 clinical plasma samples by using the chip are consistent with that of the qPCR-based kit, indicating that the LAMP-based self-driven chip has the clinical application potential for blood-borne pathogen detection, especially in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangpeng He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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An innovative and user-friendly smartphone-assisted molecular diagnostic approach for rapid detection of canine vector-borne diseases. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1799-1809. [PMID: 33649963 PMCID: PMC7920752 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Present-day diagnostic tools and technologies for canine diseases and other vector-borne parasitic diseases hardly meet the requirements of an efficient and rapid diagnostic tool, which can be suitable for use at the point-of-care in resource-limited settings. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique has been always a method of choice in the development and validation of quick, precise, and sensitive diagnostic assays for pathogen detection and to reorganize point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics. In this study, we have demonstrated an efficient detection system for parasitic vector-borne pathogens like Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis by linking the LAMP assay to a smartphone via a simple, inexpensive, and a portable “LAMP box,” All the components of the LAMP box were connected to each other wirelessly. This LAMP box was made up of an isothermal heating pad mounted below an aluminum base which served as a platform for the reaction tubes and LAMP assay. The entire setup could be connected to a smartphone via an inbuilt Wi-Fi that allowed the user to establish the connection to control the LAMP box. A 5 V USB power source was used as a power supply. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was estimated to be up to 10−6 dilution limit using the amplified, purified, and quantified specific DNA templates. It can also serve as an efficient diagnostic platform for many other veterinary infectious or parasitic diseases of zoonotic origin majorly towards field-based diagnostics.
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Joshi S, Sharma V, Ramesh V, Singh R, Salotra P. Development of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium leprae in clinical samples. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:491-497. [PMID: 34219438 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_248_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and definitive diagnostic tests are required for timely treatment of leprosy and to control its transmission. AIM In the present study, we report the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using six primers targeting the RLEP gene sequence uniquely present in Mycobacterium leprae. METHODS Tissue punch samples (n = 50) and slit aspirates (n = 50) from confirmed cases of leprosy (M. leprae positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction), reporting at the Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, were analyzed using newly developed closed tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. The sensitivity and specificity; positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated using MedCalc statistical software. RESULTS The loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay specifically amplified M. leprae genomic DNA with an analytical sensitivity of 100 fg. About 47 Out of the 50 quantitative polymerase chain reactions confirmed M. leprae positive tissue samples, 47 were positive by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (sensitivity 94%; 95% confidence interval 83.5%-98.8%) while only 31/50 were positive by histopathology (sensitivity 62%; 95% confidence interval 47.2%-75.4%) . Using slit aspirate samples of these 50 patients, 42 were positive by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (sensitivity 84%; 95% confidence interval 70.9%-92.8%) while only 23/50 (sensitivity 46%; 95% confidence interval 31.8%-60.7%) were positive by microscopy. LIMITATIONS In the present study, the leprosy patient cohort was not uniform, as it comprised a lower number of paucibacillary cases (22%) compared to multibacillary (78%) cases. CONCLUSION Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay established here provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic test for leprosy in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The assay is simple to perform in comparison with other molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction/quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and has potential for field applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Joshi
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanila Sharma
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - V Ramesh
- Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Salotra
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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Kumar Y. Isothermal amplification-based methods for assessment of microbiological safety and authenticity of meat and meat products. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sharma D, Rani P, Onteru SK, Roy P, Tyagi RK, Singh SP, Singh D. Reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of AhR receptor responsive xenobiotics. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:359-366. [PMID: 33563076 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1884923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are a group of highly toxic environmental persistent organic pollutants, which are lipophilic in nature. 2, 3, 7, 8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic representative of this class. TCDD causes several human health effects like endocrine disruption, carcinogenesis and reproductive toxicity mediated by aryl-hydrocarbon receptor. Current detection methods of dioxins like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry etc. are costly and time consuming. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a relatively faster and cheaper technique called reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect dioxins. Cultured granulosa cells used as a model system were treated with different doses (5, 10 and 15 pg/mL) of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)responsive xenobiotic, TCDD, in accordance with maximum residue limit values. Cells were treated for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively to study the gene expression of TCDD receptor called AhR and AhR responsive genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in a dose and time dependent manner. All targeted genes expression significantly increased after 6 and 12 h by 1.3-8 folds. For the development of RT-LAMP assay, CYP1A1 gene was used with 6 h TCDD treatment. RT-LAMP assay was standardized with optimal color change at 30 min using 50 ng of cellular RNA. In all the cases, we could distinguish RT-LAMP-positive condition from one sample to another sample due to intensity of color. The method was also validated by spectrometric method. In conclusion, the developed method will be used to screen AhR receptor responsive xenobiotics by observing the color change in RT-LAMP assay like dioxin used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Sharma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tyagi
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Zhao L, Wang J, Sun XX, Wang J, Chen Z, Xu X, Dong M, Guo YN, Wang Y, Chen P, Gao W, Geng Y. Development and Evaluation of the Rapid and Sensitive RPA Assays for Specific Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food Samples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:631921. [PMID: 33718280 PMCID: PMC7946851 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is among the main foodborne pathogens which cause serious foodborne diseases. An isothermal real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow strip detection (LFS RPA) were used to detect Salmonella spp. targeting the conserved sequence of invasion protein A (invA). The Real-time RPA was performed in a portable florescence scanner at 39°C for 20 min. The LFS RPA was performed in an incubator block at 39°C for 15 min, under the same condition that the amplifications could be inspected by the naked eyes on the LFS within 5 min. The detection limit of Salmonella spp. DNA using real-time RPA was 1.1 × 101 fg, which was the same with real-time PCR but 10 times higher than that of LFS RPA assay. Moreover, the practicality of discovering Salmonella spp. was validated with artificially contaminated lamb, chicken, and broccoli samples. The analyzing time dropped from 60 min to proximately 5–12 min on the basis of the real-time and LFS RPA assays compared with the real-time PCR assay. Real-time and LFS RPA assays’ results were equally reliable. There was no cross-reactivity with other pathogens in both assays. In addition, the assays had good stability. All of these helped to show that the developed RPA assays were simple, rapid, sensitive, credible, and could be a potential point-of-need (PON) test required mere resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Xia Sun
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyuan Dong
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Guo
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weijuan Gao
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunyun Geng
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Narayanamurthy V, Jeroish ZE, Bhuvaneshwari KS, Samsuri F. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis via microfluidics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:740-763. [PMID: 33511975 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are subjected to various diseases; hence, proper diagnosis helps avoid further disease consequences. One such severe issue that could cause significant damage to the human liver is the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Several techniques are available to detect HCV under various categories, such as detection through antibodies, antigens, and RNA. Although immunoassays play a significant role in discovering hepatitis viruses, there is a need for point-of-care tests (POCT). Some developing strategies are required to ensure the appropriate selection of POCT for HCV detection, initiate appropriate antiviral therapy, and define associated risks, which will be critical in achieving optimal outcomes. Though molecular assays are precise, reproducible, sensitive, and specific, alternative strategies are required to enhance HCV diagnosis among the infected population. Herein, we described and assessed the potential of various microfluidic detection techniques and confirmatory approaches used in present communities. In addition, current key market players in HCV chip-based diagnosis and the future perspectives on the basis of which the diagnosis can be made easier are presented in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
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