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Sharika R, Mongkolpobsin K, Rangsinth P, Prasanth MI, Nilkhet S, Pradniwat P, Tencomnao T, Chuchawankul S. Experimental Models in Unraveling the Biological Mechanisms of Mushroom-Derived Bioactives against Aging- and Lifestyle-Related Diseases: A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2682. [PMID: 39203820 PMCID: PMC11357205 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have garnered considerable interest among researchers due to their immense nutritional and therapeutic properties. The presence of biologically active primary and secondary metabolites, which includes several micronutrients, including vitamins, essential minerals, and other dietary fibers, makes them an excellent functional food. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of mushrooms has been reported to reduce the incidence of aging- and lifestyle-related diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and stroke, as well as to provide overall health benefits by promoting immunomodulation, antioxidant activity, and enhancement of gut microbial flora. The multifunctional activities of several mushroom extracts have been evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo studies using cell lines along with invertebrate and vertebrate model systems to address human diseases and disorders at functional and molecular levels. Although each model has its own strengths as well as lacunas, various studies have generated a plethora of data regarding the regulating players that are modulated in order to provide various protective activities; hence, this review intends to compile and provide an overview of the plausible mechanism of action of mushroom-derived bioactives, which will be helpful in future medicinal explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharan Sharika
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuljira Mongkolpobsin
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (T.T.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunita Nilkhet
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paweena Pradniwat
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (T.T.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Tan YF, Mo JS, Wang YK, Zhang W, Jiang YP, Xu KP, Tan GS, Liu S, Li J, Wang WX. The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Hericium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117353. [PMID: 37907145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mushrooms in the genus Hericium are used as functional food and traditional medicines for a long history in East Asian countries such as China, India, Japan, and Korea. Some species of Hericium are called as monkey head mushroom (Houtougu) in China and Yamabushitake in Japan, which are traditionally considered as rare and precious health promoting food and medicinal materials for the treatment of dyspepsia, insomnia, chronic gastritis, and digestive tract tumors. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize the ethnopharmacology and structural diversity of secondary metabolites from Hericium species, as well as the pharmacological activities of the crude extracts and pure compounds from Hericium species in recent years. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the information was gathered by searching Scifinder, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar databases and other published materials (books and Ph.D. and M. Sc. Dissertations) using the keywords "Hericium", "Traditional uses", "Chemical composition", "Quality control" and "Pharmacological activity" (1971-May 2023). The species name was checked with https://www.mycobank.org/. RESULTS The traditional uses of Hericium species were summarized, and 230 secondary metabolites from Hericium species were summarized and classified into six classes, mainly focusing on their chemical diversity, biosynthesis, biological activities. The modern pharmacological experiments in vivo or in vitro on their crude and fractionated extracts showed that the chemical components from Hericium species have a broad range of bioactivities, including neuroprotective, antimicrobial, anticancer, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSIONS The secondary metabolites discovered from Hericium species are highly structurally diverse, and they have the potential to be rich resources of bioactive fungal natural products. Moreover, the unveiled bioactivities of their crude extracts and pure compounds are closely related to critical human health concerns, and in-depth studies on the potential lead compounds, mechanism of pharmacological effects and pharmaceutical properties are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Ji-Song Mo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Yi-Kun Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Kang-Ping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Gui-Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Wen-Xuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
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Nandi S, Sikder R, Rapior S, Arnould S, Simal-Gandara J, Acharya K. A review for cancer treatment with mushroom metabolites through targeting mitochondrial signaling pathway: In vitro and in vivo evaluations, clinical studies and future prospects for mycomedicine. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105681. [PMID: 37743029 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis stands as a roadblock to the successful pharmacological execution of anticancer drug effect. A comprehensive insight into apoptotic signaling pathways and an understanding of the mechanisms of apoptosis resistance are crucial to unveil new drug targets. At this juncture, researchers are heading towards natural sources in particular, mushroom as their potential drugs leads to being the reliable source of potent bioactive compounds. Given the continuous increase in cancer cases, the potent anticancer efficacy of mushrooms has inevitably become a fascinating object to researchers due to their higher safety margin and multitarget. This review aimed to collect and summarize all the available scientific data on mushrooms from their extracts to bioactive molecules in order to suggest their anticancer attributes via a mitochondrion -mediated intrinsic signaling mechanism. Compiled data revealed that bioactive components of mushrooms including polysaccharides, sterols and terpenoids as well as extracts prepared using 15 different solvents from 53 species could be effective in the supportive treatment of 20 various cancers. The underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the studied mushrooms are explored in this review through diverse and complementary investigations: in vitro assays, pre-clinical studies and clinical randomized controlled trials. The processes mainly involved were ROS production, mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and action of caspase 3, caspase 9, XIAP, cIAP, p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. In summary, the study provides facts pertaining to the potential beneficial effect of mushroom extracts and their active compounds against various types of cancer and is shedding light on the underlying targeted signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Rimpa Sikder
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Arnould
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Molecular, Cellular & Developmental biology unit, CNRS UMR 5077, Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India.
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Ishara J, Buzera A, Mushagalusa GN, Hammam ARA, Munga J, Karanja P, Kinyuru J. Nutraceutical potential of mushroom bioactive metabolites and their food functionality. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14025. [PMID: 34888869 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mushroom bioactive metabolites, including polysaccharides, eritadenine, lignin, chitosan, mevinolin, and astrakurkurone have been studied in life-threatening conditions and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, hypertension, cancer, DNA damage, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity attempting to identify natural therapies. These bioactive metabolites have shown potential as antiviral and immune system strengthener natural agents through diverse cellular and physiological pathways modulation with no toxicity evidence, widely available, and inexpensive. In light of the emerging literature, this paper compiles the most recent information describing the molecular mechanisms that underlie the nutraceutical potentials of these mushroom metabolites suggesting their effectiveness if combined with existing drug therapies while discussing the food functionality of mushrooms. The findings raise hope that these mushroom bioactive metabolites may be utilized as natural therapies considering their therapeutic potential while anticipating further research designing clinical trials and developing new drug therapies while encouraging their consumption as a natural adjuvant in preventing and controlling life-threatening conditions and diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes, cardiovascular, hypertension, cancer, DNA damage, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity are among the world's largest life-threatening conditions and diseases. Several mushroom bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, eritadenine, lignin, chitosan, mevinolin, and astrakurkurone have been found potential in tackling these diseases through diverse cellular and physiological pathways modulation with no toxicity evidence, suggesting their use as nutraceutical foods in preventing and controlling these life-threatening conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Ishara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ariel Buzera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gustave N Mushagalusa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo
| | - Ahmed R A Hammam
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Judith Munga
- Department Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Karanja
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinyuru
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Nowakowski P, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Bielecka J, Mielcarek K, Grabia M, Socha K. Treasures from the forest: Evaluation of mushroom extracts as anti-cancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112106. [PMID: 34482165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms provide a reliable source of bioactive compounds and have numerous nutritional values, which is one of the reasons why they are widely used for culinary purposes. They may also be a remedy for several medical conditions, including cancer diseases. Given the constantly increasing number of cancer incidents, the great anticancer potential of mushrooms has unsurprisingly become an object of interest to researchers. Therefore, this review aimed to collect and summarize all the available scientific data on the anti-cancer activity of mushroom extracts. Our research showed that mushroom extracts from 92 species, prepared using 12 different solvents, could reduce the viability of 38 various cancers. Additionally, we evaluated different experimental models: in vitro (cell model), in vivo (mice and rat model, case studies and randomized controlled trials), and in silico. Breast cancer proved to be sensitive to the highest number of mushroom extracts. The curative mechanisms of the studied mushrooms consisted in: inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, unregulated proportion of cells in cell cycle phases, induction of autophagy and phagocytosis, improved response of the immune system, and induction of apoptotic death of cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The processes mainly involved the expression of caspases -3, -8, -9, AKT, p27, p53, BAX, and BCL2. The quoted results could lead to the classification of mushrooms as nutraceuticals used to prevent a variety of disorders or to support treatment of cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Nowakowski
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Bielecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Konrad Mielcarek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Grabia
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Immunomodulatory Effect of Sasa quelpaertensis Leaves Fermentation Products in Mice. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the immune-enhancing activity of mushroom strains through fermentation to promote food use of leaf extracts of S. quelpaertensis containing β-glucan. We evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of extracts from fermented S. quelpaertensis leaves (SQGL, SQHE, SQPL). S. quelpaertensis leaves fermentation products were prepared by using mushroom mycelia (Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceum, Phellinus linteus). The content of β-glucan, a major substance in S. quelpaertensis leaves fermentation products, was 3.73 ± 0.50 mg/mL in the extract (SQ) of S. quelpaertensis leaves. The fermented mushrooms, SQGL, were the highest at 5.57 ± 0.86 mg/100 mL, followed by SQHE and SQPL, and the β-glucan content of all of the glucan was >75.3%. To test the immune activity, S. quelpaertensis leaf fermentation products were administered to mice at different doses (60, 160, and 360 mg/kg) for two weeks. Th cell and macrophage populations were found to increase significantly at all three doses compared to the negative control after two weeks. SQGL and SQHE were highest at 160 mg/kg, and SQPL showed the highest Th cell proliferation at 60 mg/kg. In addition, the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and nitric oxide was significantly higher than that of the negative control after two weeks. In particular, an increase was seen at a low concentration of 60 mg/kg. Therefore, the S. quelpaertensis leaf fermentation product can be very useful as a functional ingredient for enhancing immunity.
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Xie XQ, Geng Y, Guan Q, Ren Y, Guo L, Lv Q, Lu ZM, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Influence of Short-Term Consumption of Hericium erinaceus on Serum Biochemical Markers and the Changes of the Gut Microbiota: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1008. [PMID: 33800983 PMCID: PMC8004025 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) is widely studied as a medicinal and edible fungus. Recent studies have shown that H. erinaceus has protective effects for diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, which are related to gut microbiota. To investigate the benefits of H. erinaceus intake on gut microbiota and blood indices in adulthood, we recruited 13 healthy adults to consume H. erinaceus powder as a dietary supplement. Blood changes due to H. erinaceus consumption were determined by routine hematological examination and characterized by serum biochemical markers. Microbiota composition was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results showed that daily H. erinaceus supplementation increased the alpha diversity within the gut microbiota community, upregulated the relative abundance of some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria (Kineothrix alysoides, Gemmiger formicilis, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), and downregulated some pathobionts (Streptococcus thermophilus, Bacteroides caccae, Romboutsia timonensis). Changes within the gut microbiota were correlated with blood chemical indices including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (CREA). Thus, we found that the gut microbiota alterations may be part of physiological adaptations to a seven-day H. erinaceus supplementation, potentially influencing beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.-Q.X.); (Y.R.); (Q.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.-Q.X.); (Y.R.); (Q.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Qijie Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.G.); (L.G.); (Z.-M.L.); (Z.-H.X.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.-Q.X.); (Y.R.); (Q.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Lin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.G.); (L.G.); (Z.-M.L.); (Z.-H.X.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiqi Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.-Q.X.); (Y.R.); (Q.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.G.); (L.G.); (Z.-M.L.); (Z.-H.X.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.-Q.X.); (Y.R.); (Q.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.G.); (L.G.); (Z.-M.L.); (Z.-H.X.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Cho SJ, Lim KT. Mushroom-Derived Bioactive Molecules as Immunotherapeutic Agents: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051359. [PMID: 33806285 PMCID: PMC7961999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms with enhanced medicinal properties focus on finding such compounds that could modulate the human body's immune systems. Mushrooms have antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties due to the presence of various bioactive components. β-glucans are the major constituent of the mushroom cell wall and play a significant role in their biological activity. This review described the techniques used in the extraction of the active ingredients from the mushroom. We highlighted the structure of the bioactive polysaccharides present in the mushrooms. Therapeutic applications of different mushrooms were also described. It is interesting to note that mushrooms have the potential sources of many bioactive products that can regulate immunity. Thus, the development of functional medicinal food based on the mushroom is vital for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-033-250-6491
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The use of Hericium erinaceus and Trametes versicolor extracts in supportive treatment in oncology. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:1-16. [PMID: 32697746 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Substances available in nature with potential therapeutic effects are the subject of research that raises tremendous hopes for new challenges in medicine. Fungi are the most common organisms in the ecosystem and the most interesting in this respect. This review discusses two species of edible fungi, used for centuries in Eastern natural medicine, with the best-documented effect - Hericium erinaceus (He) and Trametes versicolor (Tv). The results of in vivo and in vitro studies conducted on mice and human cell lines demonstrate immunomodulatory, potentially, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative effects of substances isolated from these fungi. The substances contained in the extracts of He and Tv seem to have immunomodulatory effects that may support chemotherapy. The use of these extracts is justified stronger than the other supportive treat ments based on supplements.
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Hetland G, Tangen JM, Mahmood F, Mirlashari MR, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Nentwich I, Therkelsen SP, Tjønnfjord GE, Johnson E. Antitumor, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051339. [PMID: 32397163 PMCID: PMC7285126 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related Basidiomycota mushrooms Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE) and Grifola frondosa (GF) from Brazilian and Eastern traditional medicine. Special focus has been on their antitumor effects, but the mushrooms' anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties have also been investigated. The antitumor mechanisms were either direct tumor attack, e.g., apoptosis and metastatic suppression, or indirect defense, e.g., inhibited tumor neovascularization and T helper cell (Th) 1 immune response. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms were a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and changed gut microbiota, and the antiallergic mechanism was amelioration of a skewed Th1/Th2 balance. Since a predominant Th2 milieu is also found in cancer, which quite often is caused by a local chronic inflammation, the three conditions-tumor, inflammation and allergy-seem to be linked. Further mechanisms for HE were increased nerve and beneficial gut microbiota growth, and oxidative stress regulation. The medicinal mushrooms AbM, HE and GF appear to be safe, and can, in fact, increase longevity in animal models, possibly due to reduced tumorigenesis and oxidation. This article reviews preclinical and clinical findings with these mushrooms and the mechanisms behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Hetland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.E.T.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jon-Magnus Tangen
- National CBRNE Medical Advisory Centre, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Faiza Mahmood
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway;
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirlashari
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
| | - Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
| | - Ivo Nentwich
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
| | | | - Geir Erland Tjønnfjord
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.E.T.); (E.J.)
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Johnson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.E.T.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Zhang N, Tang Z, Zhang J, Li X, Yang Z, Yang C, Zhang Z, Huang Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of polysaccharides in Hericium erinaceus. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2019; 60:15. [PMID: 31363932 PMCID: PMC6667577 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hericium erinaceus, also known as lion's mane mushroom, is a widely distributed edible and medicinal fungus in Asian countries. H. erinaceus harbors diverse bioactive metabolites with anticancer, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and neuroprotective properties. Although the chemical synthesis processes of these bioactive metabolites are known, the biosynthetic processes remain unknown. RESULTS In this study, we obtained the transcriptomes of six H. erinaceus strains using next-generation RNA sequencing and investigated the characteristics of the transcriptomes and biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, especially polysaccharides. The transcriptomes ranged in size from 46.58 to 58.14 Mb, with the number of unigenes ranging from 20,902 to 37,259 across the six H. erinaceus strains. Approximately 60% of the unigenes were successfully annotated by comparing sequences against different databases, including the nonredundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes (KOG) and Swiss-Prot databases. Most of the transcripts were putatively involved in signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, translation, transport and catabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis were identified, and these genes encoded phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose phosphate isomerase (PGI), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), glycoside hydrolase family proteins, glycosyltransferase family proteins and other proteins. Moreover, the putative pathway for the intracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis of H. erinaceus was analyzed. Additionally, the open reading frames (ORFs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were predicted from the transcriptome data of the six strains. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study may facilitate the discovery of polysaccharide biosynthesis processes in H. erinaceus and provide useful information for exploring the secondary metabolites in other members of the Basidiomycetes genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources, Department of Education, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqian Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuoxi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Gao Y, Zheng W, Wang M, Xiao X, Gao M, Gao Q, Xu D. Molecular properties, structure, and antioxidant activities of the oligosaccharide Hep-2 isolated from cultured mycelium of Hericium erinaceus. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12985. [PMID: 31489657 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oligosaccharide Hep-2 from cultured mycelium of Hericium erinaceus was obtained with a hollow-fiber ultrafiltration cartridge and purified with a DEAE Sephadex A-50 column followed by a Bio-Gel P-30 column. The properties, structure, and antioxidant activities of Hep-2 were studied. Hep-2 had the molecular weight of 1,080 Da and consists of Glc and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.0:0.4. Fragmentation analysis by GC-MS suggests that the structure of Hep-2 consists of three linear sugar residues. Furthermore, we used the LC-MSn combined methylation method to determine the types of bonds between sugar residues. We found that the structure of Hep-2 is based on 2-7 sugars. Among these, the trisaccharides and pentasaccharides consist of 1 → 6-Gal, whereas the tetrasaccharides, hexasaccharides, and heptasaccharides consist of 1 → 4-Glc and 1 → 6-Gal. The activity tests indicated that Hep-2 significantly reduced the damage caused by H2 O2 in GES-1 cells, and could induce expression of T-SOD and GSH-px, scavengers of oxygen free radicals, in a concentration-response manner. Hep-2 also reduced cell apoptosis as assessed by changes in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax proteins by western blot. Both sets of results suggest that Hep-2 might possess significant antioxidant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper reports the physical and the chemical parameters, structure and biological potential of oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus, a common edible fungus. Hericium erinaceus has been used as an anti-atrophic gastritis drug in China with good effect. Oligosaccharides are more easily digested and utilized by human body, and have strong antioxidant activity. These results can increase people's interest in the product, and thus have a positive impact on the oligosaccharides of Hericium erinaceus as health food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Lab of Macromolecule of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xulang Xiao
- Pharmacy Department, Kangping County People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qipin Gao
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Lab of Macromolecule of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Duoduo Xu
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
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13
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Wang XY, Zhang DD, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Recent developments in Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides: extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S96-S115. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1521370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Duo-duo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Blagodatski A, Yatsunskaya M, Mikhailova V, Tiasto V, Kagansky A, Katanaev VL. Medicinal mushrooms as an attractive new source of natural compounds for future cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29259-29274. [PMID: 30018750 PMCID: PMC6044372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms have been used throughout the history of mankind for treatment of various diseases including cancer. Nowadays they have been intensively studied in order to reveal the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedical capacity. Targeted treatment of cancer, non-harmful for healthy tissues, has become a desired goal in recent decades and compounds of fungal origin provide a vast reservoir of potential innovational drugs. Here, on example of four mushrooms common for use in Asian and Far Eastern folk medicine we demonstrate the complex and multilevel nature of their anticancer potential, basing upon different groups of compounds that can simultaneously target diverse biological processes relevant for cancer treatment, focusing on targeted approaches specific to malignant tissues. We show that some aspects of fungotherapy of tumors are studied relatively well, while others are still waiting to be fully unraveled. We also pay attention to the cancer types that are especially susceptible to the fungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Blagodatski
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeriia Mikhailova
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Tiasto
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Cheng F, Yan X, Zhang M, Chang M, Yun S, Meng J, Liu J, Feng CP. Regulation of RAW 264.7 cell-mediated immunity by polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill via the MAPK signal transduction pathway. Food Funct 2017; 8:1475-1480. [PMID: 28322382 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) is a common anticancer folk remedy. Its active ingredients, i.e., polysaccharides, have been isolated and exhibit indirect tumor-suppressing activity via immunological activation. The effects of polysaccharides derived from A. blazei Murill (ABMP) on RAW 264.7 cells were examined by western blotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of 500, 1000, and 2000 μg mL-1 ABMP on the growth of RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated by measuring the OD490 value; the optimum concentration was found to be 1000 μg mL-1. Based on the RT-PCR results, the expression levels of JNK, ERK, and p38 decreased substantially in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells treated with ABMP. In RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS, the protein expression levels of JNK, ERK, and p38 were decreased, as were the levels of phosphorylated JNK, ERK, and p38. These results indicate that the MAPK signal transduction pathway is a potential mechanism by which ABMP regulates the cell-mediated immunity of RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feier Cheng
- Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, People's Republic of China
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16
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Gondim ACS, Romero-Canelón I, Sousa EHS, Blindauer CA, Butler JS, Romero MJ, Sanchez-Cano C, Sousa BL, Chaves RP, Nagano CS, Cavada BS, Sadler PJ. The potent anti-cancer activity of Dioclea lasiocarpa lectin. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 175:179-189. [PMID: 28756174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lectin DLasiL was isolated from seeds of the Dioclea lasiocarpa collected from the northeast coast of Brazil and characterized for the first time by mass spectrometry, DNA sequencing, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structure of DLasiL lectin obtained by homology modelling suggested strong conservation of the dinuclear Ca/Mn and sugar-binding sites, and dependence of the solvent accessibility of tryptophan-88 on the oligomerisation state of the protein. DLasiL showed highly potent (low nanomolar) antiproliferative activity against several human carcinoma cell lines including A2780 (ovarian), A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and PC3 (prostate), and was as, or more, potent than the lectins ConBr (Canavalia brasiliensis), ConM (Canavalia maritima) and DSclerL (Dioclea sclerocarpa) against A2780 and PC3 cells. Interestingly, DLasiL lectin caused a G2/M arrest in A2780 cells after 24h exposure, activating caspase 9 and delaying the on-set of apoptosis. Confocal microscopy showed that fluorescently-labelled DLasiL localized around the nuclei of A2780 cells at lectin doses of 0.5-2× IC50 and gave rise to enlarged nuclei and spreading of the cells at high doses. These data reveal the interesting antiproliferative activity of DLasiL lectin, and suggest that further investigations to explore the potential of DLasiL as a new anticancer agent are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C S Gondim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo H S Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Jennifer S Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - María J Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Bruno L Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata P Chaves
- Department of Fishing and Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Celso S Nagano
- Department of Fishing and Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benildo S Cavada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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17
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Lee KC, Kuo HC, Shen CH, Lu CC, Huang WS, Hsieh MC, Huang CY, Kuo YH, Hsieh YY, Teng CC, Lee LY, Tung SY. A proteomics approach to identifying novel protein targets involved in erinacine A-mediated inhibition of colorectal cancer cells' aggressiveness. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:588-599. [PMID: 27709782 PMCID: PMC5323879 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erinacine A, a major active component of a diterpenoid derivative isolated from Hericium erinaceus mycelium, has been demonstrated to exert anticancer effects. Herein, we present an investigation of the molecular mechanism of erinacine A induction associated with cancer cells’ aggressive status and death. A proteomic approach was used to purify and identify the differentially expressed proteins following erinacine A treatment and the mechanism of its action in apoptotic and the targets of erinacine A. Our results demonstrate that erinacine A treatment of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells increased cell cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness. Ten differentially displayed proteins were determined and validated in vitro and in vivo between the erinacine A‐treated and untreated groups. In addition, erinacine A time‐dependent induction of cell death and inhibitory invasiveness was associated with sustained phosphorylation of the PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K and ROCK1/LIMK2/Cofilin pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that erinacine A–induced HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells viability and anti‐invasion properties by up‐regulating the activation of PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K and production of ROS. Experiments involving specific inhibitors demonstrated that the differential expression of cofilin‐1 (COFL1) and profilin‐1 (PROF1) during erinacine A treatment could be involved in the mechanisms of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells death and decreased aggressiveness, which occurred via ROCK1/LIMK2/Cofilin expression, with activation of the PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. These findings elucidate the mechanism of erinacine A inhibiting the aggressive status of cells by activating PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K downstream signalling and the novel protein targets COF1 and PROF1; this could be a good molecular strategy to limit the aggressiveness of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Kuo
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Lee
- Grape King Biotechnology Inc (Grape King Bio Ltd.), Zhong-Li, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Kim SP, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. Elm Tree (Ulmus parvifolia) Bark Bioprocessed with Mycelia of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) Mushrooms in Liquid Culture: Composition and Mechanism of Protection against Allergic Asthma in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:773-784. [PMID: 26807923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms can break down complex plant materials into smaller, more digestible and bioactive compounds. The present study investigated the antiasthma effect of an Ulmus parvifolia bark extract bioprocessed in Lentinus edodes liquid mycelium culture (BPUBE) against allergic asthma in chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized/challenged mice. BPUBE suppressed total IgE release from U266B1 cells in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Inhibitory activity of BPUBE against OVA-specific IgE secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed in OVA-sensitized/challenged asthmatic mice. BPUBE also inhibited OVA-specific IgG and IgG1 secretion into serum from the allergic mice, suggesting the restoration of a Th2-biased immune reaction to a Th1/Th2-balanced status, as indicated by the Th1/Th2 as well as regulatory T cell (Treg) cytokine profile changes caused by BPUBE in serum or BALF. Inflammatory cell counts in BALF and lung histology showed that leukocytosis and eosinophilia induced by OVA-sensitization/challenge were inhibited by the oral administration of BPUBE. Amelioration of eosinophil infiltration near the trachea was associated with reduced eotaxin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels. Changes in proinflammatory mediator levels in BALF suggest that BPUBE decreased OVA-sensitization-induced elevation of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The finding that asthma-associated biomarker levels of OVA-sensitized/challenged mice were much more inhibited with BPUBE treatment than NPUBE (not-bioprocessed Ulmus parvifolia extract) treatment suggested the production of new bioactive compounds by the mushroom mycelia that may be involved in enhancing the observed antiasthmatic properties. The possible relation of the composition determined by proximate analysis and GC/MS to observed bioactivity is discussed. The results suggest that the elm tree (Ulmus parvifolia) bark bioprocessed with mycelia of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushrooms has the potential to prevent and/or treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jong Lee
- STR Biotech Company, Ltd. , Chuncheon 200-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Albany, California 94710, United States
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19
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Thongbai B, Rapior S, Hyde KD, Wittstein K, Stadler M. Hericium erinaceus, an amazing medicinal mushroom. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Friedman M. Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health-Promoting Properties of Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) Mushroom Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia and Their Bioactive Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7108-23. [PMID: 26244378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The culinary and medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus is widely consumed in Asian countries, but apparently not in the United States, for its nutritional and health benefits. To stimulate broader interest in the reported beneficial properties, this overview surveys and consolidates the widely scattered literature on the chemistry (isolation and structural characterization) of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites such as erinacines, hericerins, hericenones, resorcinols, steroids, mono- and diterpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, nutritional composition, food and industrial uses, and exceptional nutritional and health-promoting aspects of H. erinaceus. The reported health-promoting properties of the mushroom fruit bodies, mycelia, and bioactive pure compounds include antibiotic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antifatigue, antihypertensive, antihyperlipodemic, antisenescence, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties and improvement of anxiety, cognitive function, and depression. The described anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunostimulating properties in cells, animals, and humans seem to be responsible for the multiple health-promoting properties. A wide range of research advances and techniques are described and evaluated. The collated information and suggestion for further research might facilitate and guide further studies to optimize the use of the whole mushrooms and about 70 characterized actual and potential bioactive secondary metabolites to help prevent or treat human chronic, cognitive, and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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21
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Gan D, Zeng X, Liu RH, Ye H. Potential mechanism of mycelium polysaccharide from Pholiota dinghuensis Bi in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through p38/MAPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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22
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Kobayashi H, Motoyoshi N, Itagaki T, Inokuchi N. Mutagenesis of the novel Hericium erinaceus ribonuclease, RNase He1, reveals critical responsible residues for enzyme stability and activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1843-7. [PMID: 25366489 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding a guanylic acid-specific ribonuclease (RNase He1) from Hericium erinaceus that exhibits high sequence identity (59%) with RNase Po1, an enzyme with anti-cancer activity and which is found in Pleurotus ostreatus. RNase He1 and RNase Po1 have similar structures and heat stabilities; hence, RNase He1 may also have potential as an anti-cancer agent. Therefore, we initiated structure-function studies to further characterize the enzyme. Based on the RNase Po1 structure, RNase He1 is predicted to form 3 disulfide bonds involving Cys7-Cys98, Cys5-Cys83, and Cys47-Cys81 linkages. The Cys5Ala mutant exhibited no RNase activity, whereas the Cys81Ala mutant retained RNase activity, but had reduced heat stability. Therefore, the Cys5-Cys83 bond in RNase He1 is essential for the structure of the RNase active site region. Similarly, the Cys47-Cys81 bond helps maintain the conformational stability of the active site region, and may contribute to the greater heat stability of RNase He1.
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Medicinal properties of Hericium erinaceus and its potential to formulate novel mushroom-based pharmaceuticals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7661-70. [PMID: 25070597 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is an important mushroom with edible values and medicinal properties. Both the mycelium and the fruiting bodies contain many bioactive compounds with drug efficacy. Recent evidence demonstrates that it is helpful to various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, immunoregulatory, and many types of cancer. Furthermore, emerging pieces of evidence have shown that different active molecules in H. erinaceus have different functions on different organs in different diseases via the different mechanisms. Drawing on current research results, this review mainly focuses on the therapeutic effects of H. erinaceus on various diseases of multiple physiological systems, including the nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system, and immune system. This paper also discusses systematically the efficient protection of H. erinaceus against the diseases from the intricate experimental proofs by using the systematic viewpoints, which provides a framework for future research directions.
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Wang C, Xia W, Jiang Q, Xu Y, Yu P. Differential effects of lipid fractions from silver carp brain on human cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. Food Funct 2014; 5:2194-201. [PMID: 25047635 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit anticancer activities. Lipids from a fish brain contain substantial n3 PUFAs. However, no research has been conducted on the action and mechanism of their potent anticancer activities. In this study, total lipids (TLs) from silver carp brain were isolated into polar lipids (PLs) and neutral lipids (NLs), and the anticancer potential of the lipid fractions (LFs) was investigated using the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. LFs effectively inhibited the cell proliferation of HeLa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner by cell cycle arrest at the S stage and by inducing apoptosis. Further analyses indicated that the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential could be one of mechanisms of apoptosis induced by LFs. Among the TLs, PLs have proven to be more effective in inducing cervical carcinoma cell death than NLs. This work will play a role in promoting lipids from silver carp brain as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against human cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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25
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Wang M, Gao Y, Xu D, Konishi T, Gao Q. Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake): a unique resource for developing functional foods and medicines. Food Funct 2014; 5:3055-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article provides valuable scientific information for Hericium erinaceus and shows its potential for the development of new functional foods and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Wang
- Affiliated hospital
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun, China
- International Collaborative Research Center
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yang Gao
- Research and Development Center
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun, China
| | - Duoduo Xu
- Research and Development Center
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun, China
| | - Tetsuya Konishi
- International Collaborative Research Center
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun, China
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS)
- Niigata, Japan
| | - Qipin Gao
- International Collaborative Research Center
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun, China
- Research and Development Center
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
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Kim SP, Park SO, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. A polysaccharide isolated from the liquid culture of Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) mushroom mycelia containing black rice bran protects mice against a Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10987-94. [PMID: 24200110 DOI: 10.1021/jf403173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock) is an inflammatory, virulent disease that results mainly from bacterial infection. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of a bioprocessed polysaccharide (BPP) isolated from the edible Lentinus edodes liquid mycelial mushroom culture supplemented with black rice bran against murine endotoxemia induced by the Salmonella lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). BPP was obtained after dialysis against water using a cellulose tube with a molecular weight cutoff of 10000. BPP eluted as a single peak on an HPLC chromatogram. Acid hydrolysis of BPP showed the presence of the following sugars: fucose, galactose, galactosamine, glucose, glucosamine, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. Treatment of BPP with β-glucanase reduced its immunostimulating activity, suggesting that the polysaccharide has a β-glucan structure. Pretreatment of mice with BPP via oral or intraperitoneal (ip) administration for 2 weeks resulted in the suppression of LPS/GalN-induced catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and transaminase (GOT/GPT) liver enzymes, amelioration of necrotic liver lesions, and reduction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitrite serum levels as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of necrotic injury. Immunostimulating macrophage activity was up to 5.4-fold greater than that observed with the culture without the rice bran. BPP also extended the lifespan of the toxemic mice. These positive results with inflammation biomarkers and lifespan studies suggest that the BPP can protect mice against LPS/GalN-induced liver, lung, and kidney injuries and inflammation by blocking oxidative stress and TNF-α production, thus increasing the survival of the toxic shock-induced mice. The polysaccharide has the potential to serve as a new functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) mushroom extracts inhibit metastasis of cancer cells to the lung in CT-26 colon cancer-tansplanted mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4898-904. [PMID: 23668749 DOI: 10.1021/jf400916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimetastatic activity of four Hericium erinaceus edible mushroom extracts using CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cells as an indicator of inhibition of cell migration to the lung. Hot water (HWE) and microwaved 50% ethanol (MWE) extracts of H. erinaceus strongly elicited cancer cell death through apoptosis and inhibited metastasis of cancer cells to the lungs by 66% and 69%, respectively. HWE and MWE reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cells and their activities in culture media. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), another extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading proteinase, also showed decreased protein expression. In CT-26 cells, HWE and MWE down-regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylations. The reduced phosphorylations seem to cause reduction of activity of the MMPs, thereby blocking migration and invasion of cells. Dietary administration of HWE and MWE reduced the formation of tumor nodules in the lung by about 50% and 55%, respectively, and prevented increases in lung weight caused by cancer cell metastasis. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of HWE and MWE as beneficial antimetastatic agents, targeting their upstream signaling molecules for mediating the expression of the ECM-degrading proteinases. Acidic and alkaline extracts were not bioactive. Bioactivity seems to be related to composition. H. erinaceus edible mushrooms have the potential to serve as a health-promoting functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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28
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Guo YJ, Deng GF, Xu XR, Wu S, Li S, Xia EQ, Li F, Chen F, Ling WH, Li HB. Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds and polysaccharide contents of 49 edible macro-fungi. Food Funct 2013; 3:1195-205. [PMID: 22868715 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Edible macro-fungi are widely consumed as food sources for their flavors and culinary features. In order to explore the potential of macro-fungi as a natural resource of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant properties and polysaccharide contents of 49 edible macro-fungi from China were evaluated systematically. A positive correlation between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content indicated that phenolic compounds could be main contributors of antioxidant capacities of these macro-fungi. Furthermore, many bioactive compounds such as gallic, homogentisic, protocatechuic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were identified and quantified. The macro-fungi species Thelephora ganbajun Zang, Boletus edulis Bull., Volvariella volvacea Sing, Boletus regius Krombh, and Suillus bovinus Kuntze displayed the highest antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents, indicating their potential as important dietary sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Kim SP, Moon E, Nam SH, Friedman M. Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts protect infected mice against Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced liver damage and mortality by stimulation of innate immune cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5590-5596. [PMID: 22624604 DOI: 10.1021/jf300897w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antibacterial effect of four extracts from the fruitbody of the edible medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus (hot water extract, HWE; microwave/50% ethanol extract, MWE; acid extract, ACE; and alkaline extract, AKE) against murine salmonellosis. The extracts had no effect on Salmonella ser. Typhimurium growth in culture. Nor were the extracts toxic to murine macrophage cells, RAW 264.7. HWE and MWE stimulated uptake of the bacteria into the macrophage cells as indicated by increased colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of the contents of the lysed macrophages infected with Salmonella Typhimurium for 30 and 60 min. Two hours postinfection, the bacterial counts increased in the macrophages, but 4 and 8 h postinfection the HWE- and MWE-treated cells showed greater activity against the bacteria than the control. HWE- and MWE-treated noninfected macrophages had altered morphology and elevated inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. In the presence of S. Typhimurium, iNOS mRNA expression was further increased, accompanied by an increase in NO production. Histology assays of the livers of mice infected with a sublethal dose (1 × 10(4) CFU) of S. Typhimurium showed that HWE and MWE, administered by daily intraperitoneal injection, protected against necrosis of the liver, a biomarker of in vivo salmonellosis. The lifespans of mice similarly infected with a lethal dose of S. Typhimurium (1 × 10(5) CFU) were significantly extended by HWE and MWE. β-Glucan, known to stimulate the immune system, was previously found to be present in high amounts in the active extracts. These results suggest that the mushroom extract activities against bacterial infection in mice occur through the activation of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Yang JY, Kang MY, Nam SH, Friedman M. Antidiabetic effects of rice hull smoke extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:87-94. [PMID: 22129064 DOI: 10.1021/jf2035077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of a liquid rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against diabetes in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Antidiabetic effects of RHSE were evaluated in both the rat insulinoma-1 cell line (INS-1) and diabetic ICR mice induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of alloxan. Alloxan treatment (10 mM) increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the INS-1 cells, which were inversely related to cell viabilities. RHSE inhibited alloxan-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and suppressed the inflammatory reaction in INS-1 cells through inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Dietary administration of 0.5 or 1% RHSE to alloxan-induced diabetic mice caused a decrease in blood glucose and increases in both serum insulin and hepatic glycogen levels. RHSE induced decreases in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) levels and an increase in the glucokinase (GCK) level. These changes resulted in restoring glucose-regulating enzyme levels to control values. Histopathology showed that alloxan also induced damage of Langerhans islet cells of the pancreas and liver necrosis associated with diabetes. Oral administration of RHSE restored the islet and liver cells to normal levels. RHSE-supplemented functional food could protect insulin-producing islet cells against damage triggered by oxidative stress and local inflammation associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Kim SP, Kang MY, Park JC, Nam SH, Friedman M. Rice hull smoke extract inactivates Salmonella Typhimurium in laboratory media and protects infected mice against mortality. J Food Sci 2011; 77:M80-5. [PMID: 22132793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A previously characterized rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) was tested for bactericidal activity against Salmonella Typhimurium using the disc-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of RHSE was 0.822% (v/v). The in vivo antibacterial activity of RHSE (1.0%, v/v) was also examined in a Salmonella-infected Balb/c mouse model. Mice infected with a sublethal dose of the pathogens were administered intraperitoneally a 1.0% solution of RHSE at four 12-h intervals during the 48-h experimental period. The results showed that RHSE inhibited bacterial growth by 59.4%, 51.4%, 39.6%, and 28.3% compared to 78.7%, 64.6%, 59.2%, and 43.2% inhibition with the medicinal antibiotic vancomycin (20 mg/mL). By contrast, 4 consecutive administrations at 12-h intervals elicited the most effective antibacterial effect of 75.0% and 85.5% growth reduction of the bacteria by RHSE and vancomycin, respectively. The combination of RHSE and vancomycin acted synergistically against the pathogen. The inclusion of RHSE (1.0% v/w) as part of a standard mouse diet fed for 2 wk decreased mortality of 10 mice infected with lethal doses of the Salmonella. Photomicrographs of histological changes in liver tissues show that RHSE also protected the liver against Salmonella-induced pathological necrosis lesions. These beneficial results suggest that the RHSE has the potential to complement wood-derived smokes as antimicrobial flavor formulations for application to human foods and animal feeds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The new antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory rice hull derived liquid smoke has the potential to complement widely used wood-derived liquid smokes as an antimicrobial flavor and health-promoting formulation for application to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim SP, Kang MY, Kim JH, Nam SH, Friedman M. Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor-bearing mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9861-9. [PMID: 21846141 DOI: 10.1021/jf201944n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated antitumor effects of the following four extracts of freeze-dried Hericium erinaceus mushrooms in Balb/c mice intracutaneously transplanted on the backs with CT-26 colon cancer cells: HWE, hot water extraction by boiling in water for 3 h; MWE, microwaving in 50% ethanol/water at 60 W for 3 min; and ACE and AKE, boiling in 1% HCl or 3% NaOH for 2 h. HWE and MWE with a higher content of β-glucans, determined by an assay kit, than ACE and MKE were active in all bioassays. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses showed the presence of 40, 27, 16, and 13 compounds, respectively, in the four extracts. Daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections of HWE and MWE for 2 weeks significantly reduced tumor weights by 38 and 41%. Tumor regressions were associated with changes in the following cancer biomarkers as compared to phosphate buffer (PBS)-treated control mice: 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases in cytolytic activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells; restored nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages to 95-98% of normal levels; ∼2-fold increase in released pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 from macrophages; and ∼56 and ∼60% reductions in the number of blood vessels inside the tumor. The pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were also significantly reduced in mRNA and protein expression by tumor genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of tumor cells confirmed reduced expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX (32 and 31%). Reduced COX-2 and 5-LOX expression down-regulated VEGF expression, resulting in inhibition of neo-angiogenesis inside the tumors. The results indicate that induction of NK activity, activation of macrophages, and inhibition of angiogenesis all contribute to the mechanism of reduction of tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
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