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Goyal A, Dubey N, Agrawal A, Sharma R, Verma A. An Insight into the Promising Therapeutic Potential of Chicoric Acid. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1708-1718. [PMID: 38083896 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010280616231127075921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The pharmacological treatments that are now recommended for the therapy of chronic illnesses are examined in a great number of studies to determine whether or not they are both safe and effective. Therefore, it is important to investigate various alternative therapeutic assistance, such as natural remedies derived from medicinal plants. In this context, chicoric acid, classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid, has been documented to exhibit a range of health advantages. These include antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, obesity-preventing, and neuroprotective effects. Due to its considerable pharmacological properties, chicoric acid has found extensive applications in food, pharmaceuticals, animal husbandry, and various other commercial sectors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of in vitro and in vivo investigations on chicoric acid, highlighting its beneficial effects and therapeutic activity when used as a preventative and management aid for public health conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic illnesses like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, further investigation of this compound can lead to its development as a potential phytopharmaceutical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Esposito G, Sciuto S, Martello E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E. Disclosing Frauds in Herbal Food Supplements Labeling: A Simple LC-MS/MS Approach to Detect Alkaloids and Biogenic Amines. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100152. [PMID: 37640156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Food supplements are a category of products perceived safe and therefore commonly used by different categories of consumers without any particular attention or precaution. However, health risks associated with the consumption of supplements containing undeclared substances cannot be excluded. A variety of analytical methods are used to control supplement quality composition, but usually, these procedures are complex and time-consuming. Here, we report the results of a simple and fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, to detect and quantify simultaneously different categories of active molecules, such as biogenic ammines and natural alkaloids that at high doses can produce negative health effect in consumers. Three categories of products intended for body weight loss, energy boosting, and erectile dysfunction treatment, purchased through e-commerce sites and from local supermarkets, were analyzed (n = 91). The caffeine, synephrine, agmatine sulfate, yohimbine, phenethylamine, and icariin were correctly separated and identified with good precision (RSD < 20%) and recovery (89-109%). The identification and quantification of the analytes in real samples highlighted that the 26% of the samples were not compliant with labeling, confirming that frauds are very common also in the natural supplements market. This LC-MS/MS method could be easily used to test natural supplements in order to check the correct labeling and to protect consumers from potential health risks and food frauds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
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3
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Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Elkady WM, Khan I, Alsaffar RM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972379. [PMID: 36061899 PMCID: PMC9436272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, alone or in combination with other herbs, as a memory and learning enhancer, sedative, and anti-epileptic. This review aimed to highlight the health benefits of B. monnieri extracts (BME), focusing on anti-cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the clinical studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological application of BME. We further highlighted the mechanism of action of these extracts in varying types of cancer and their therapeutic implications. In addition, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in therapeutic interventions, toxicities, safety concerns and synergistic potential in cognition and neuroprotection. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the therapeutic implications of Brahmi as a lead formulation for treating neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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4
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Milojković-Opsenica DM, Trifković JÐ, Ristivojević PM, Andrić FL. Thin-layer chromatography in the authenticity testing of bee-products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1188:123068. [PMID: 34864425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Quality control, nutritional value and the monitoring of hazardous residues in honey bee- products have become major topics for both producers and consumers. Due to its potential role in human health, bee-products rich in bioactive compounds are becoming increasingly popular. This review aims to provide an overview of thin-layer chromatography methods used in quality control,authenticity testing and chemical profiling of bee-products in order to help scientists engaged in the field of bee-products chemistry to utilize the advantages of this technique in the detection and elimination of fraudulent practices in bee-product manufacturing. Recently, hyphenation of thin-layer chromatography, image analysis and chemometrics support bee-products analysisbysimultaneousdeterminationofanalytes with different detection principles, identification of individual bioactive compounds as well as structure elucidation of compounds. Highlighted opportunities of thin-layer chromatography could encourage further investigations that would lead to improvements in the detection and elimination of marketing fraudulent practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Ð Trifković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar M Ristivojević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Lj Andrić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Chen YG, He XLS, Huang JH, Luo R, Ge HZ, Wołowicz A, Wawrzkiewicz M, Gładysz-Płaska A, Li B, Yu QX, Kołodyńska D, Lv GY, Chen SH. Impacts of heavy metals and medicinal crops on ecological systems, environmental pollution, cultivation, and production processes in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112336. [PMID: 34044310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are widely distributed in the environment due to the natural processes and anthropogenic human activities. Their migration into no contaminated areas contributing towards pollution of the ecosystems e.g. soils, plants, water and air. It is recognized that heavy metals due to their toxicity, long persistence in nature can accumulate in the trophic chain and cause organism dysfunction. Although the popularity of herbal medicine is rapidly increasing all over the world heavy metal toxicity has a great impact and importance on herbal plants and consequently affects the quality of herbal raw materials, herbal extracts, the safety and marketability of drugs. Effective control of heavy metal content in herbal plants using in pharmaceutical and food industries has become indispensable. Therefore, this review describes various important factors such as ecological and environmental pollution, cultivation and harvest of herbal plants and manufacturing processes which effects on the quality of herbal plants and then on Chinese herbal medicines which influence human health. This review also proposes possible management strategies to recover environmental sustainability and medication safety. About 276 published studies (1988-2021) are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Li-Shang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Anna Wołowicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wawrzkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gładysz-Płaska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiao-Xian Yu
- Zhejiang Senyu Co., Ltd, No. 8 Wanmao Road, Choujiang Street, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dorota Kołodyńska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Provenance and Uniqueness in the Emerging Botanical and Natural Food Industries—Definition, Issues and Tools. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Kim SB, Bisson J, Friesen JB, Bucchini L, Gafner S, Lankin DC, Chen SN, Pauli GF, McAlpine JB. The Untargeted Capability of NMR Helps Recognizing Nefarious Adulteration in Natural Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:846-856. [PMID: 33710886 PMCID: PMC8049841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa (turmeric) has an extensive history of ethnomedical use for common ailments, and "curcumin"-containing dietary supplements (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today's self-medication market. Owing to raw material cost pressure, CDS products are affected by economically motivated, nefarious adulteration with synthetic curcumin ("syncumin"), possibly leading to unexpected toxicological issues due to "residual" impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chemical analysis, this study investigated the botanical integrity of two commercial "turmeric" CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clinical cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multisolvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chemical fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR spectroscopy identification of significant residual impurities, including potentially toxic components. While the loss-free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chemical components, and also increased the dynamic range of the analysis, (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chemical constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR spectroscopy can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent only a fraction of the mass balance of a dietary supplement product. The chemical information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two commercial samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, respectively, pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clinical effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted analytical principle of the 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level high-field instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of dietary supplements by identifying adulterated, non-natural "natural" products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Kim
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jonathan Bisson
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | | | - Stefan Gafner
- American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - David C Lankin
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James B McAlpine
- Center for Natural Products Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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8
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Simple and rapid voltammetric method for the detection of the synthetic adulterant fluoxetine in weight loss products. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Lepionka T, Białek M, Czauderna M, Białek A. Pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract supplemented in diet influence the lipid profile and intensity of peroxidation in livers of SPRD rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106495. [PMID: 33045366 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite promising health effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BM) used for centuries as food and traditional medicine, neither mechanism of action nor safety has been fully recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of diet supplementation with PSO and BM on fatty acid, conjugated fatty acid and cholesterol content in rat' livers, since liver is crucial for lipid metabolism. Oxidation indicators (malondialdehyde, oxysterols and tocopherols) were also determined. Lipid profiles did not reveal the presence of punicic acid, while other conjugated dienes and trienes, including rumenic acid, were determined. Both supplementation and exposition to carcinogen significantly increased cholesterol and reduced selected oxysterols levels, simultaneously increasing malondialdehyde content in animals suffering from cancer. Impact of PSO and BM on oxidative status varied depending on carcinogen exposure and coexisting neoplastic process, which is important, due to the growing interest in their use in prevention and therapy of various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
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10
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Chapman J, Power A, Netzel ME, Sultanbawa Y, Smyth HE, Truong VK, Cozzolino D. Challenges and opportunities of the fourth revolution: a brief insight into the future of food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:2845-2853. [PMID: 33401934 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1863328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
By 2050, the global population is projected to be in excess of nine billion people. This will result in an increased burden and stress on the food production systems, particularly in adjustments to several stages of the value chain that will require improvements and/or modifications in their effectiveness such as reducing waste, adapting to climate change, food security, and health. Disruptions such as digital agriculture, digital food, food agility, big data, have been utilized to characterize the changes in the way agro-food systems evolve and function, as well as in the approach they have been analyzed, measured, and monitored. It has been long recognized that the food industry is considered as a data driven enterprise. These characteristics are very important as the food industry becomes global and sustainable. The food industry is currently undergoing significant changes, and with this, challenges are occurring. These challenges are brought about from the food chains, climate changes, and the ability to be resilient in the production of food. Furthermore, health and cultural changes to food are occurring, where the diseases of obesity, diabetes, and aging in the population will continue to change the consumer's patterns and choices; whereby the consumer will be persuaded to choose and eat healthy and more nutritious foods. Indeed, the cultural awareness and social innovation to prevent food waste and therefore improve food security and sustainability will also prove to further complexities. This short review will briefly discuss some of the forefront issues in food value chains with a focus on using technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chapman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aoife Power
- CREST Technology Gateway of TU Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael E Netzel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, The Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, The Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, The Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Daniel Cozzolino
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, The Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Turrini F, Donno D, Beccaro GL, Pittaluga A, Grilli M, Zunin P, Boggia R. Bud-Derivatives, a Novel Source of Polyphenols and How Different Extraction Processes Affect Their Composition. Foods 2020; 9:E1343. [PMID: 32977484 PMCID: PMC7598208 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal food supplements, as a concentrate form of vegetable extracts, increased so much over the past years to count them among the relevant sources of dietetic polyphenols. Bud-derivatives are a category of botanicals perceived as a "new entry" in this sector since they are still poorly studied. Due to the lack of a manufacturing process specification, very different products can be found on the market in terms of their polyphenolic profile depending on the experimental conditions of manufacturing. In this research two different manufacturing processes, using two different protocols, and eight species (Carpinus betulus L., Cornus mas L., Ficus carica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus montana Mill., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Tilia tomentosa Moench), commonly used to produce bud-derivatives, have been considered as a case study. An untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint of the extracts, coupled to chemometrics, provide to be a useful tool to identify these botanicals. The targeted phytochemical fingerprint by HPLC provided a screening of the main bud-derivatives polyphenolic classes highlighting a high variability depending on both method and protocol used. Nevertheless, ultrasonic extraction proved to be less sensitive to the different extraction protocols than conventional maceration regarding the extract polyphenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Dario Donno
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (D.D.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (D.D.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Zunin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Raffaella Boggia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
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12
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Deng Y, Chen C, Chen L, Han B, Li S, Zhao J. Fast saccharide mapping method for quality consistency evaluation of commercial xylooligosaccharides collected in China. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:284-291. [PMID: 34277116 PMCID: PMC8264382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive use of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as functional food ingredients, many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in the market, which may pose a health hazard to certain populations. Chromatography method such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is traditionally applied for the quality analysis of XOS. However, it is time consuming due to the prolonged separation and pre- or post- derivatization procedure. In this study, a fast saccharide mapping method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was developed for the quality consistency analysis of 22 batches of XOS collected from different manufacturers in China. The time needed for saccharides analysis using MALDI-MS was less than 30 min for one plate, at least 6 times faster than that by the traditional HPTLC chromatography method. In addition, MALDI-MS possessed higher resolution for XOS with DP4-DP7 based on the difference of m/z, which is hardly separated using HPTLC. The results showed that XOS were present only in samples XY01-XY11, samples XY12-XY14 only consisted of hex oligosaccharides, and samples XY15-XY22 were free of oligosaccharides. These indicate that the quality consistency of XOS products in the China market was poor, which should be carefully investigated. Fast saccharide mapping method was developed based on MADLI-TOF-MS. Quality consistency of commercial xylooligosaccharides collected in China was evaluated. Glycosidic linkage analysis was also used for identification of xylooligosaccharides. Fifty percent of commercial xylooligosaccharides are mislabeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Fibigr J, Šatínský D, Solich P. Current trends in the analysis and quality control of food supplements based on plant extracts. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fritsche J. Recent Developments and Digital Perspectives in Food Safety and Authenticity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7562-7567. [PMID: 29920081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is of fundamental importance for the food processing industry, food retailers and distributors, and competent authorities because of its potentially direct impact on the health of consumers. Next to the prevention of microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards, increasing efforts are currently made to combat risks associated with food fraud or food authenticity. Food safety management systems nowadays comprise food safety, food defense, and food fraud prevention measures, trying to cope with the increasing complexity and globalization of the food supply chains. Future digital opportunities include the prediction of food safety and food authenticity issues by handling structured and unstructured data retrieved from various sources and origins to ensure the health of consumers and to minimize economical losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fritsche
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food , Max Rubner-Institut , Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1 , 24103 Kiel , Germany
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15
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Wielogorska E, Chevallier O, Black C, Galvin-King P, Delêtre M, Kelleher CT, Haughey SA, Elliott CT. Development of a comprehensive analytical platform for the detection and quantitation of food fraud using a biomarker approach. The oregano adulteration case study. Food Chem 2018; 239:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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A strategy to identify and quantify closely related adulterant herbal materials by mass spectrometry-based partial least squares regression. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 977:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Barrella MV, Heringer OA, Cardoso PMM, Pimentel EF, Scherer R, Lenz D, Endringer DC. Metals Content in Herbal Supplements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:488-494. [PMID: 27344673 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become an international epidemic. To evaluate the level of metals in extracts of plants prescribed as weight loss supplements, different brands containing Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Citrus aurantium L., Cordia ecalyculata Vell, Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil, Cissus quadrangularis L., Senna alexandrina Mill were purchased in local market, hot acid digested, and analyzed while metal content by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES. Quality assurance and quality control tests were carried out in order to monitor and control the reliability of the analytical method. For each metal evaluated, a calibration curve was prepared with certified reference material. The recovery test was performed for each batch of samples. Analyses were performed in triplicate. Quantification of aluminum, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, vanadium, and zinc were determined. The metals most frequently detected were manganese (15.3-329,60 mg kg-1) aluminum (11.76-342.4 mg kg-1), and iron (11.14-73.01 mg kg-1) with higher levels in products containing C. sinensis China origin, I. paraguariensis Brazilian origin, C. quadrangularis, and C. aurantium China origin, respectively. To ensure safety consumption, an adequacy of the certification of Brazilian suppliers for herbal weight loss products is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Vieira Barrella
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Vila Velha Universitys, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Otavio Arruda Heringer
- Tommasi Analítica, Av. Luciano das Neves, 2016, Divino Espirito Santo, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Priscylla Maria Martins Cardoso
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Vila Velha Universitys, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Flavia Pimentel
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Vila Velha Universitys, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Vila Velha Universitys, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Dominik Lenz
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Vila Velha Universitys, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Denise C Endringer
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Vila Velha Universitys, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
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18
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Guo Y, Wang J, Lu L, Sun S, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Qin Y, Xiao L, Wen H, Qu L. Application of mid-infrared spectroscopy in analyzing different segmented production of Angelica by AB-8 macroporous resin. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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The relevance of pharmacognosy in pharmacological research on herbal medicinal products. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:344-62. [PMID: 26169932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As all medicines, herbal medicinal products are expected to be safe, effective, and of appropriate quality. However, regulations on herbal medicinal products vary from country to country, and herbal preparations do occur not only in the form of medicinal products but also as less strictly regulated product groups like dietary supplements. Therefore, it is not always easy for the consumers to discriminate high-quality products from low-quality products. On the other hand, herbal medicines have many special features that distinguish them from conventional medicinal products. Plants are complex multicomponent mixtures; in addition, their phytochemical composition is not constant because of inherent variability and a plethora of external influences. Therefore, the production process of an herbal medicinal product needs to be strictly monitored. First of all, the starting materials need to be correctly authenticated and free of adulterants and contaminants. During plant growth, many factors like harvest season and time, developmental stage, temperature, and humidity have a strong impact on plant metabolite production. Also, postharvest processing steps like drying and storage can significantly alter the phytochemical composition of herbal material. As the production of many phytopharmaceuticals includes an extraction step, the extraction solvent and conditions need to be optimized in order to enrich the bioactive constituents in the extract. The quality of finished preparations needs to be determined either on the basis of marker constituents or on the basis of analytical fingerprints. Thus, all production stages should be accompanied by appropriate quality assessment measures. Depending on the particular task, different methods need to be applied, ranging from macroscopic, microscopic, and DNA-based authentication methods to spectroscopic methods like vibrational spectroscopy and chromatographic and hyphenated methods like HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS. Also, when performing pharmacological and toxicological studies, many features inherent in herbal medicinal products need to be considered in order to guarantee valid results: concerning in vitro studies, difficulties are often related to lacking knowledge of ADME characteristics of the bioactive constituents, nuisance compounds producing false positive and false negative results, and solubility problems. In in vivo animal studies, the route of administration is a very important issue. Clinical trials on herbal medicinal products in humans very often suffer from a poor reporting quality. This often hampers or precludes the pooling of clinical data for systematic reviews. In order to overcome this problem, appropriate documentation standards for clinical trials on herbal medicinal products have been defined in an extension of the CONSORT checklist. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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Rocha T, Amaral JS, Oliveira MBPP. Adulteration of Dietary Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Drugs: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:43-62. [PMID: 33371574 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the consumption of dietary supplements, especially those having plants as ingredients, has been increasing due to the common idea that they are natural products posing no risks to human health. In the European Union and the United States, dietary supplements are legally considered as foods/special category of foods, thus are not being submitted to any safety assessment prior to their commercialization. Among the issues that can affect safety, adulteration by the illegal addition of pharmaceutical substances or their analogs is of major concern since unscrupulous producers can falsify these products to provide for quick effects and to increase sales. This review discusses the various classes of synthetic drugs most frequently described as being illegally added to dietary supplements marketed for weight loss, muscle building/sport performance and sexual performance enhancement. Information regarding regulation and consumption is also presented. Finally, several conventional and advanced analytical techniques used to detect and identify different adulterants in dietary supplements and therefore also in foods, with particular emphasis on plant food supplements, are critically described. This review demonstrates that dietary supplement adulteration is an emerging food safety problem and that an effective control by food regulatory authorities is needed to safeguard consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rocha
- REQUIMTE, Dept. of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana S Amaral
- REQUIMTE, Dept. of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,ESTiG, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, Dept. of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Veprikova Z, Zachariasova M, Dzuman Z, Zachariasova A, Fenclova M, Slavikova P, Vaclavikova M, Mastovska K, Hengst D, Hajslova J. Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Dietary Supplements: Hidden Health Risk for Consumers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6633-6643. [PMID: 26168136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of dietary supplements represents a possible risk for human health, especially in the case of products intended for people suffering from certain health conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of this problem based on analyses of a wide set of herbal-based dietary supplements intended for various purposes: (i) treatment of liver diseases (milk thistle); (ii) reduction of menopause effects (red clover, flax seed, and soy); and (iii) preparations for general health support (green barley, nettle, goji berries, yucca, etc.) The analytical method including 57 mycotoxins was based on a QuEChERS-like (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) approach and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The main mycotoxins determined were Fusarium trichothecenes, zearalenone and enniatins, and Alternaria mycotoxins. Co-occurrence of enniatins, HT-2/T-2 toxins, and Alternaria toxins was observed in many cases. The highest mycotoxin concentrations were found in milk thistle-based supplements (up to 37 mg/kg in the sum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Veprikova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Zachariasova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Dzuman
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zachariasova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Fenclova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Slavikova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Vaclavikova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Mastovska
- ‡Covance Laboratories, Nutritional Chemistry and Food Safety, 3301 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Daniel Hengst
- ‡Covance Laboratories, Nutritional Chemistry and Food Safety, 3301 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Jana Hajslova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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22
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Rooney JS, McDowell A, Strachan CJ, Gordon KC. Evaluation of vibrational spectroscopic methods to identify and quantify multiple adulterants in herbal medicines. Talanta 2015; 138:77-85. [PMID: 25863375 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To counter the growth of herbal medicines adulterated with pharmaceuticals crossing borders, rapid, inexpensive and non-destructive analytical techniques, that can handle complex matrices, are required. Since mid-infrared (MIR), near infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques meet these criteria, their performance in identifying adulterants in seized weightloss herbal medicines is definitively determined. Initially a validated high pressure liquid chromatography methodology was used for reference identification and quantification of the adulterants sibutramine H2O·HCl, fenfluramine HCl and phenolphthalein. Of 38 products, only sibutramine and phenolphthalein were detected by HPLC. The spectroscopic measurements showed Raman was ill-suited due to sample burning and emission while NIR lacked adulterant selectivity. Conversely, MIR demonstrated apt identification performance, which manifested as spectrally meaningful separation based on the presence and type of adulterant during principal component analysis (test set validated). Partial least squares regression models were constructed from the MIR training sets for sibutramine and phenolphthalein - both models fitted the training set data well. Average test set prediction errors were 0.8% for sibutramine and 2.2% for phenolphthalein over the respective concentration ranges of 1.7-11.7% and 0.9-34.4%. MIR is apposite for the screening of anorectic and laxative adulterants and is the most viable technique for wider adulterant screening in herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Rooney
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute, Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Clare J Strachan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute, Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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Zhao YN, Wang ZL, Dai JG, Chen L, Huang YF. Preparation and quality assessment of high-purity ginseng total saponins by ion exchange resin combined with macroporous adsorption resin separation. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:382-92. [PMID: 24856763 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prepare high-purity ginseng total saponins from a water decoction of Chinese ginseng root. METHOD Total saponins were efficiently purified by dynamic anion-cation exchange following the removal of hydrophilic impurities by macroporous resin D101. For quality control, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector (CAD) was applied to quantify marker components. The total saponin content was estimated by a colorimetric method using a vanillin-vitriol system and CAD response. RESULTS D201, which consisted of a cross-linked polystyrene matrix and -N(+)(CH3)3 functional groups, was the best of the four anion exchange resins tested. However, no significant difference in cation exchange ability was observed between D001 (strong acid) and D113 (weak acid), although they have different functional groups and matrices. After purification in combination with D101, D201, and D113, the estimated contents of total saponins were 107% and 90% according to the colorimetric method and CAD response, respectively. The total amount of representative ginsenosides Re, Rd, Rg1, and compound K was approximately 22% based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-CAD quantitative analysis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that an ion exchange resin, combined with macroporous adsorption resin separation, is a promising and feasible purification procedure for neutral natural polar components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Research, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Zhong-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Research, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Research, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain Research, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Research, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Ameratunga R, Crooks C, Simmons G, Woon ST. Health Risks and Adverse Reactions to Functional Foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:318-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.751895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lee J. Marketplace analysis demonstrates quality control standards needed for black raspberry dietary supplements. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:161-167. [PMID: 24763926 PMCID: PMC4544477 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no standard for the minimum anthocyanin concentration a black raspberry dietary supplement must contain for legal sale in the US. All consumer available black raspberry products (n = 19), packaged as dietary supplements or otherwise prepared (freeze-dried whole and pre-ground powders), were purchased and analyzed for their anthocyanin composition and concentration. Seven of the 19 samples contained no anthocyanins from black raspberry fruit, while three of those seven (without black raspberry fruit) had no anthocyanins of any kind. There was a wide range of anthocyanin concentration within the remaining products (18.1-2,904.8 mg/100 g; n = 12). When expressed as per capsule or per ∼1 teaspoon, concentration ranged from 0.1 to 145.2 mg (average 28 mg; n = 12). Until US dietary supplement labeling comes under regulatory oversight similar to food guidelines, foods are a more dependable source for dietary phenolics than supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit Worksite, 29603 U of I Ln., Parma, ID, 83660, USA,
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Lee J, Scagel CF. Chicoric acid: chemistry, distribution, and production. Front Chem 2013; 1:40. [PMID: 24790967 PMCID: PMC3982519 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Though chicoric acid was first identified in 1958, it was largely ignored until recent popular media coverage cited potential health beneficial properties from consuming food and dietary supplements containing this compound. To date, plants from at least 63 genera and species have been found to contain chicoric acid, and while the compound is used as a processing quality indicator, it may also have useful health benefits. This review of chicoric acid summarizes research findings and highlights gaps in research knowledge for investigators, industry stakeholders, and consumers alike. Additionally, chicoric acid identification, and quantification methods, biosynthesis, processing improvements to increase chicoric acid retention, and potential areas for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit WorksiteParma, ID, USA
| | - Carolyn F. Scagel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research UnitCorvallis, OR, USA
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27
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Shaw CA, Marler TE. Aluminum and the human diet revisited. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e26369. [PMID: 24505503 PMCID: PMC3914913 DOI: 10.4161/cib.26369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about aluminum (Al) exposure in the human diet have persisted for one century. We suggest that continued research would benefit from better reporting of environmental factors that are known to influence Al accumulation in plant organs that are consumed, focusing on subsets of the general public that exhibit the highest risk for neuropathological responses, increased evaluation of commercial processing procedures that may concentrate Al or other toxic substances, and designing studies with low dose, chronic exposure rather than further study of acute, brief exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shaw
- University of British Columbia, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Science, Experimental Medicine, and Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Thomas E Marler
- Western Pacific Tropical Research Center; University of Guam; UOG Station; Mangilao, Guam USA
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