1
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Leung HM, Liu LS, Cai Y, Li X, Huang Y, Chu HC, Chin YR, Lo PK. Light-Activated Nanodiamond-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Spatiotemporal Release of Antisense Oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:623-632. [PMID: 38659333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered promising delivery platforms, but inaccurate and uncontrolled release of drugs at target sites is the biggest challenge of NDs in precision medicine. This study presents the development of phototriggerable ND-based drug delivery systems, utilizing ortho-nitrobenzyl (o-NB) molecules as photocleavable linkers between drugs and nanocarriers. UV irradiation specifically cleaved o-NB molecules and then was followed by releasing antisense oligonucleotides from ND-based carriers in both buffer and cellular environments. This ND system carried cell nonpermeable therapeutic agents for bypassing lysosomal trapping and degradation. The presence of fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy centers also allowed NDs to serve as biological probes for tracing in cells. We successfully demonstrated phototriggered release of antisense oligonucleotides from ND-based nanocarriers, reactivating their antisense functions. This highlights the potential of NDs, photocleavable linkers, and light stimuli to create advanced drug delivery systems for controlled drug release in disease therapy, opening possibilities for targeted and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Sum Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuzhen Cai
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yizhi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y Rebecca Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Care, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, 518057 Shenzhen, China
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2
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Hyder A, Ali A, Buledi JA, Memon AA, Iqbal M, Bangalni TH, Solangi AR, Thebo KH, Akhtar J. Nanodiamonds: A Cutting-Edge Approach to Enhancing Biomedical Therapies and Diagnostics in Biosensing. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400006. [PMID: 38530037 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NDs synthesis methods, properties, and their uses in biomedical applications. Various synthesis techniques, such as detonation, high-pressure, high-temperature, and chemical vapor deposition, offer distinct advantages in tailoring NDs' size, shape, and surface properties. Surface modification methods further enhance NDs' biocompatibility and enable the attachment of bioactive molecules, expanding their applicability in biological systems. NDs serve as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery, showcasing biocompatibility and the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents for targeted delivery. Additionally, NDs demonstrate potential in cancer treatment through hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement for improved immune responses. Functionalization of NDs facilitates their utilization in biosensors for sensitive biomolecule detection, aiding in precise diagnostics and rapid detection of infectious diseases. This review underscores the multifaceted role of NDs in advancing biomedical applications. By synthesizing NDs through various methods and modifying their surfaces, researchers can tailor their properties for specific biomedical needs. The ability of NDs to serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles holds promise for targeted therapy, while their applications in hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement offer innovative approaches to cancer treatment and immunization. Furthermore, the integration of NDs into biosensors enhances diagnostic capabilities, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of biomolecules and infectious diseases. Overall, the diverse functionalities of NDs underscore their potential as valuable tools in nanomedicine, paving the way for advancements in healthcare and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hyder
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering (IPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100F190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jamil A Buledi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur KPK, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Talib Hussain Bangalni
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Amber R Solangi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain Thebo
- Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Wenhua Rood, Shenyang, China
- Department of Chemistry Mirpur, University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250 (AJK), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Javeed Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry Mirpur, University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250 (AJK), Mirpur, Pakistan
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3
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Angela S, Hsin R, Lu S, Le, T, Hsiao W. Nanodiamond‐Enabled Drug Delivery. NANODIAMONDS IN ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023:171-197. [DOI: 10.1002/9781394202164.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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4
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Angela S, You T, Pham D, Le T, Hsiao W. Surface Modification of Nanodiamonds. NANODIAMONDS IN ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023:52-72. [DOI: 10.1002/9781394202164.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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5
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Kunuku S, Lin BR, Chen CH, Chang CH, Chen TY, Hsiao TY, Yu HK, Chang YJ, Liao LC, Chen FH, Bogdanowicz R, Niu H. Nanodiamonds Doped with Manganese for Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4398-4409. [PMID: 36743038 PMCID: PMC9893453 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging with great potential in biomedical applications like biomarking through fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy. The magnetic and optical properties of NDs could be tuned by selective doping. Therefore, we report multifunctional manganese-incorporated NDs (Mn-NDs) fabricated by Mn ion implantation. The fluorescent properties of Mn-NDs were tuned by inducing the defects by ion implantation and enhancing the residual nitrogen vacancy density achieved by a two-step annealing process. The cytotoxicity of Mn-NDs was investigated using NCTC clone 929 cells, and the results revealed no cytotoxicity effect. Mn-NDs have demonstrated dual mode contrast enhancement for both T 1- and T 2-weighted in vitro MR imaging. Furthermore, Mn-NDs have illustrated a significant increase in longitudinal relaxivity (fivefold) and transversal relaxivity (17-fold) compared to the as-received NDs. Mn-NDs are employed to investigate their ability for in vivo MR imaging by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of Mn-NDs into mice with liver tumors. After 2.5 h of ip injection, the enhancement of contrast in T 1- and T 2-weighted images has been observed via the accumulation of Mn-NDs in liver tumors of mice. Therefore, Mn-NDs have great potential for in vivo imaging by MR imaging in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasu Kunuku
- Department
of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications
and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Gdańsk 80233, Poland
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Rong Lin
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsu Chen
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yuang Chen
- Health
Physics Division, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Hsiao
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Yu
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Bioresource
Collection and Research Center, Food Industry
Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chuan Liao
- Bioresource
Collection and Research Center, Food Industry
Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Institute
of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department
of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications
and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Gdańsk 80233, Poland
| | - Huan Niu
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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6
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Tian Y, Nusantara AC, Hamoh T, Mzyk A, Tian X, Perona Martinez F, Li R, Permentier HP, Schirhagl R. Functionalized Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Simultaneous Drug Delivery and Quantum Sensing in HeLa Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39265-39273. [PMID: 35984747 PMCID: PMC9437893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present multifunctional fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) for simultaneous drug delivery and free radical detection. For this purpose, we modified FNDs containing nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers with a diazoxide derivative. We found that our particles enter cells more easily and are able to deliver this cancer drug into HeLa cells. The particles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and secondary electron microscopy. Compared to the free drug, we observe a sustained release over 72 h rather than 12 h for the free drug. Apart from releasing the drug, with these particles, we can measure the drug's effect on free radical generation directly. This has the advantage that the response is measured locally, where the drug is released. These FNDs change their optical properties based on their magnetic surrounding. More specifically, we make use of a technique called relaxometry to detect spin noise from the free radical at the nanoscale with subcellular resolution. We further compared the results from our new technique with a conventional fluorescence assay for the detection of reactive oxygen species. This provides a new method to investigate the relationship between drug release and the response by the cell via radical formation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tian
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Street, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Xiaobo Tian
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center,
Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Perona Martinez
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Runrun Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center,
Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
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7
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Bhogale D, Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent Synergy of Nanodiamonds: Role in Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery for the Management of Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4806-4824. [PMID: 35618981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present review article is to summarize the role of nanodiamonds in various neurological diseases. We have taken related literature of making this review article from ScienceDirect, springer, Research gate, PubMed, Sci-finder, etc. The current approaches for treating neurological conditions such as glioblastoma includes chemotherapy or combination anti-retro viral therapy for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or use of anti-Alzheimer drugs during cognitive impairment. These approaches can provide only symptomatic relief as they do not target the cause of the disease due to their inability to penetrate the blood brain barrier. On long-term use, they may cause CNS toxicity due to accumulation in the brain. So nanodiamonds could prove as a promising approach in the brain targeting of the bioactive and to treat many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumor (glioblastoma), HIV, amyotrophic multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease, stroke (cerebrovascular attack), batten disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and bacterial infections (encephalitis, sepsis, and meningitis) due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and owing to their excellent surface properties, i.e., nano size and high surface area, ease of functionalization, multiple drug binding, and biocompatibility; they can be useful for brain targeted drug delivery with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Bhogale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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8
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Paladhi A, Rej A, Sarkar D, Singh R, Bhattacharyya S, Sarkar PK, Kar PK, Manna PP, Hira SK. Nanoscale Diamond-Based Formulation as an Immunomodulator and Potential Therapeutic for Lymphoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852065. [PMID: 35444547 PMCID: PMC9014173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative medicine practices, such as Ayurveda, are popular in India and many South Asian countries, yet basic research to investigate the concepts, procedures, and medical benefits of ayurvedic products has received little attention and is not fully understood. Here, we report a functional nanodiamond-based traditional Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation, Heerak Bhasma (Ayu_ND), for the treatment of solid tumors called Dalton’s lymphoma generated in CD1 mice. Ayu_ND-mediated immunostimulation significantly reduces tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis aided by the active participation of dendritic cells. Immunomodulatory Ayu_ND treatment is highly immunostimulatory and drives dendritic cells to produce TNF-α. Treatment with Ayu_ND significantly reduces the tumor volume, inhibits metastasis in distant vascularized organs, and increases the life span of tumor-bearing animals compared with untreated littermates. These events were associated with elevated serum levels of the protective cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and downregulated the disease, exacerbating TGF-β. Ayu_ND-mediated therapeutic success was also accompanied by the depletion of regulatory T cells and enhanced vaccine-induced T-cell immunity, guided by the restoration of the memory CD8+ T-cell pool and prevention of PD-1-mediated T cell exhaustion. The results provide a basis for further evaluation of ayurvedic formulations and drug efficacy in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Paladhi
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Abhinandan Rej
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, India
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Rasashastra, J. B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Pulak Kanti Kar
- Department of Panchakarma, J. B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Hira
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
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9
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Kumar N, Chamoli P, Misra M, Manoj MK, Sharma A. Advanced metal and carbon nanostructures for medical, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3987-4017. [PMID: 35244647 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer great promise for biomedical, environmental, and clinical applications due to their several unique properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review article, we overview various types of metal NPs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in monolithic form as well as embedded into polymer matrices for specific drug delivery and bio-imaging fields. The second part of this review covers important carbon nanostructures that have gained tremendous attention recently in such medical applications due to their ease of fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability at both cellular and molecular levels for phototherapy, radio-therapeutics, gene-delivery, and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, various applications and challenges involved in the use of NPs as biomaterials are also discussed following the future perspectives of the use of NPs in biomedicine. This review aims to contribute to the applications of different NPs in medicine and healthcare that may open up new avenues to encourage wider research opportunities across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, SOE, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh 496109, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mrinmoy Misra
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007 Rajasthan, India
| | - M K Manoj
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-16499, South Korea.
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10
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Shalaby MA, Anwar MM, Saeed H. Nanomaterials for application in wound Healing: current state-of-the-art and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNanoparticles are the gateway to the new era in drug delivery of biocompatible agents. Several products have emerged from nanomaterials in quest of developing practical wound healing dressings that are nonantigenic, antishear stress, and gas-exchange permeable. Numerous studies have isolated and characterised various wound healing nanomaterials and nanoproducts. The electrospinning of natural and synthetic materials produces fine products that can be mixed with other wound healing medications and herbs. Various produced nanomaterials are highly influential in wound healing experimental models and can be used commercially as well. This article reviewed the current state-of-the-art and briefly specified the future concerns regarding the different systems of nanomaterials in wound healing (i.e., inorganic nanomaterials, organic and hybrid nanomaterials, and nanofibers). This review may be a comprehensive guidance to help health care professionals identify the proper wound healing materials to avoid the usual wound complications.
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Shirley AJ, Schweeberg S, Waag T, Peindl M, Dandekar G, Walles H, Jakob F, Krueger A, Ebert R. The influence of differently functionalized nanodiamonds on proliferation, apoptosis and EMT/MET phenomena in 2D and 3D tumor cell cultures. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9395-9405. [PMID: 34734960 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (ND) have been suggested to have several potential uses in biomedicine, since they are seemingly biocompatible. However, data about the biological effects of ND in physiological conditions are scarce. In this study, we observed that prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) cultured with ND show morphological changes and altered gene and protein expression. In 2D we could detect only slight effects of ND on cell growth and apoptosis induction. Therefore, we applied different functionalized ND in a novel 3D cell culture model that reflects better tissue conditions compared to conventional 2D cell cultures. In 3D proliferation was reduced by all nanoparticles and benzoquinone functionalized ND induced cell death. As the used decellularized scaffold maintains the tissue architecture, we could also functionally investigate if nanoparticles induce cell migration into deeper layers and if they display markers of Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET). We detected in more mesenchymal and invasive growing MDA-MB-231 cells less vimentin and increased levels of pan-cytokeratin expression after ND treatment, which indicates a MET induction. Our observations suggest that the presence of ND stimulates MET, with varying degrees of transition. The observation that ND do not support the opposite, EMT, is beneficial, since EMT is known to play a major role in tumor metastasis. However, a special focus should be placed on the characterization of biological effects to be able to guarantee the safety of ND in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup James Shirley
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany. .,Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schweeberg
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thilo Waag
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Peindl
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Dandekar
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.,Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto-v. Guericke University Magdeburg, Pfälzerstraße 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research and Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Materials (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Opletal G, Barnard AS. Simulating Facet‐Dependent Aggregation and Assembly of Mixtures of Polyhedral Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Opletal
- CSIRO Data61 Door 34 Village Street Docklands VIC 3008 Australia
| | - Amanda S. Barnard
- School of Computing Australian National University Acton ACT 2601 Australia
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13
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Caruso G, Fresta CG, Costantino A, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Lazzarino G, Tavazzi B, Lunte SM, Dhar P, Gulisano M, Caraci F. Lung Surfactant Decreases Biochemical Alterations and Oxidative Stress Induced by a Sub-Toxic Concentration of Carbon Nanoparticles in Alveolar Epithelial and Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2694. [PMID: 33800016 PMCID: PMC7962095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials are nowadays attracting lots of attention, in particular in the biomedical field, where they find a wide spectrum of applications, including, just to name a few, the drug delivery to specific tumor cells and the improvement of non-invasive imaging methods. Nanoparticles inhaled during breathing accumulate in the lung alveoli, where they interact and are covered with lung surfactants. We recently demonstrated that an apparently non-toxic concentration of engineered carbon nanodiamonds (ECNs) is able to induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, imbalance of energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial and alveolar basal epithelial cells. Therefore, the complete understanding of their "real" biosafety, along with their possible combination with other molecules mimicking the in vivo milieu, possibly allowing the modulation of their side effects becomes of utmost importance. Based on the above, the focus of the present work was to investigate whether the cellular alterations induced by an apparently non-toxic concentration of ECNs could be counteracted by their incorporation into a synthetic lung surfactant (DPPC:POPG in 7:3 molar ratio). By using two different cell lines (alveolar (A549) and microglial (BV-2)), we were able to show that the presence of lung surfactant decreased the production of ECNs-induced nitric oxide, total reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde, as well as counteracted reduced glutathione depletion (A549 cells only), ameliorated cell energy status (ATP and total pool of nicotinic coenzymes), and improved mitochondrial phosphorylating capacity. Overall, our results on alveolar basal epithelial and microglial cell lines clearly depict the benefits coming from the incorporation of carbon nanoparticles into a lung surfactant (mimicking its in vivo lipid composition), creating the basis for the investigation of this combination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudia G. Fresta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Angelita Costantino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, Area di Ricerca, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela M. Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7576, USA
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, Area di Ricerca, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Preclinical and Translational Imaging Research Centre-IMPRonTE, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy
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14
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Opletal G, Chang SL, Barnard AS. Simulating facet-dependent aggregation and assembly of distributions of polyhedral nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19870-19879. [PMID: 32975268 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03470c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of diamond nanoparticles were performed to investigate the effects of size polydispersity on three polyhedral shapes chosen to span a diverse space of surface interactions. It was found that the resulting self-assembly was size dependent as the simulations were quenched, with the largest nanoparticles providing a clustered scaffold for subsequent smaller nanoparticle assembly. Additionally, facet-facet interactions were dominated by the {111} surface and the resulting aggregate was dominated by meso-sized porosity for monodisperse systems, broadening to larger diameters for polydisperse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Opletal
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shery L Chang
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda S Barnard
- ANU Research School of Computer Science, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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15
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Morita A, Hamoh T, Sigaeva A, Norouzi N, Nagl A, van der Laan KJ, Evans EPP, Schirhagl R. Targeting Nanodiamonds to the Nucleus in Yeast Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101962. [PMID: 33023102 PMCID: PMC7601435 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are widely used for drug delivery, labelling or nanoscale sensing. For all these applications it is highly beneficial to have control over the intracellular location of the particles. For the first time, we have achieved targeting the nucleus of yeast cells. In terms of particle uptake, these cells are challenging due to their rigid cell wall. Thus, we used a spheroplasting protocol to remove the cell wall prior to uptake. To achieve nuclear targeting we used nanodiamonds, which were attached to antibodies. When using non-targeted particles, only 20% end up at the nucleus. In comparison, by using diamonds linked to antibodies, 70% of the diamond particles reach the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Morita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Neda Norouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Andreas Nagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Kiran J. van der Laan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Emily P. P. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Parker AJ, Barnard AS. Machine learning reveals multiple classes of diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1394-1399. [PMID: 32840548 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Generating samples of nanoparticles with specific properties that allow for structural diversity, rather than requiring structural precision, is a more sustainable prospect for industry, where samples need to be both targeted to specific applications and cost effective. This can be better enabled by defining classes of nanoparticles and characterising the properties of the class as a whole. In this study, we use machine learning to predict the different classes of diamond nanoparticles based entirely on the structural features and explore the populations of these classes in terms of the size, shape, speciation and charge transfer properties. We identify 9 different types of diamond nanoparticles based on their similarity in 17 dimensions and, contrary to conventional wisdom, find that the fraction of sp2 or sp3 hybridized atoms are not strong determinants, and that the classes are only weakly related to size. Each class has been describe in such way as to enable rapid assignment using microanalysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Parker
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Surface functionalization of nanodiamonds for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Moore LK, Caldwell MA, Townsend TR, MacRenaris KW, Moyle-Heyrman G, Rammohan N, Schonher EK, Burdette JE, Ho D, Meade TJ. Water-Soluble Nanoconjugate for Enhanced Cellular Delivery of Receptor-Targeted Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2947-2957. [PMID: 31589412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ProGlo is an efficient steroid receptor-targeted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent (CA). It has been shown to bind to the progesterone receptor (PR) and produce enhanced image contrast in PR-positive cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. However, the hydrophobicity of the steroid targeting domain of ProGlo (logP = 1.4) limits its formulation and delivery at clinically relevant doses. In this work, a hydrophobic moiety was utilized to drive efficient adsorption onto nanodiamond (ND) clusters to form a water-soluble nanoconstruct (logP = -2.4) with 80% release in 8 h under biological conditions. In cell culture, the ND-ProGlo construct delivered increased concentrations of ProGlo to target cells compared to ProGlo alone. Importantly, these results were accomplished without the use of solvents such as DMSO, providing a significant advance toward formulating ProGlo for translational applications. Biodistribution studies confirm the delivery of ProGlo to PR(+) tissues with enhanced efficacy over untargeted controls. These results demonstrate the potential for a noncovalent ND-CA construct as a general strategy for solubilizing and delivering hydrophobic targeted MR CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Michael A Caldwell
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Taryn R Townsend
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Keith W MacRenaris
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Georgette Moyle-Heyrman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Nikhil Rammohan
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Erika K Schonher
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117556.,Department of Biomedical Engineering: NUS Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117583
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States.,Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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19
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Applications of Nanodiamonds in the Detection and Therapy of Infectious Diseases. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101639. [PMID: 31137476 PMCID: PMC6567273 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We are constantly exposed to infectious diseases, and they cause millions of deaths per year. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that antibiotic resistance could cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are the cause of infection in at least one in three people suffering from septicemia. While antibiotics are powerful agents against infectious diseases, the alarming increase in antibiotic resistance is of great concern. Alternatives are desperately needed, and nanotechnology provides a great opportunity to develop novel approaches for the treatment of infectious diseases. One of the most important factors in the prognosis of an infection caused by an antibiotic resistant bacteria is an early and rigorous diagnosis, jointly with the use of novel therapeutic systems that can specifically target the pathogen and limit the selection of resistant strains. Nanodiamonds can be used as antimicrobial agents due to some of their properties including size, shape, and biocompatibility, which make them highly suitable for the development of efficient and tailored nanotherapies, including vaccines or drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the beneficial findings made in the nanodiamonds field, focusing on diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. We also highlight the innovative platform that nanodiamonds confer for vaccine improvement, drug delivery, and shuttle systems, as well as their role in the generation of faster and more sensitive clinical diagnosis.
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20
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Production, surface modification and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds: A sparkling tool for theranostics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:913-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Prabhakar N, Rosenholm JM. Nanodiamonds for advanced optical bioimaging and beyond. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Ali MS, Metwally AA, Fahmy RH, Osman R. Nanodiamonds: Minuscule gems that ferry antineoplastic drugs to resistant tumors. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:165-176. [PMID: 30641180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable efforts are currently devoted to the area of nanodiamonds (NDs) research due to their superior properties viz: biocompatibility, minute size, inert core, and tunable surface chemistry. The use of NDs for the delivery of anticancer drugs has been at the forefront of NDs applications owing to their ability to increase chemosensitivity, sustain drug release, and minimize drug side effects. Accelerated steps towards the move of NDs from bench side to bedside have been recently witnessed. In this review, the effects of NDs production and purification techniques on NDs' final properties are discussed. Special concern is given to studies focusing on NDs use for anticancer drug delivery, stability enhancement and mediated targeted delivery. The aim of this review is to put the results of studies oriented towards NDs-mediated anticancer drug delivery side by side such that the reader can assess the potential use of NDs in clinics and follow up the upcoming results of clinical testing of NDs on animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdelkader A Metwally
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Rania H Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rihab Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Loh KP, Ho D, Chiu GNC, Leong DT, Pastorin G, Chow EKH. Clinical Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials in Diagnostics and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802368. [PMID: 30133035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have the potential to improve how patients are clinically treated and diagnosed. While there are a number of nanomaterials that can be used toward improved drug delivery and imaging, how these nanomaterials confer an advantage over other nanomaterials, as well as current clinical approaches is often application or disease specific. How the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials, such as nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and graphene oxides, make them promising nanomaterials for a wide range of clinical applications are discussed herein, including treating chemoresistant cancer, enhancing magnetic resonance imaging, and improving tissue regeneration and stem cell banking, among others. Additionally, the strategies for further improving drug delivery and imaging by carbon nanomaterials are reviewed, such as inducing endothelial leakiness as well as applying artificial intelligence toward designing optimal nanoparticle-based drug combination delivery. While the clinical application of carbon nanomaterials is still an emerging field of research, there is substantial preclinical evidence of the translational potential of carbon nanomaterials. Early clinically trial studies are highlighted, further supporting the use of carbon nanomaterials in clinical applications for both drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gigi Ngar Chee Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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24
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Pedroso-Santana S, Fleitas-Salazar N, Sarabia-Sainz A, Silva-Campa E, Angulo-Molina A, Pedroza-Montero M, Riera R. Nanodiamonds and gold nanoparticles to obtain a hybrid nanostructure with potential applications in biomedicine. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:435101. [PMID: 30113316 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadad1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using detonation nanodiamonds and fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy center nanodiamonds, linked to gold nanoparticles, we synthesized two hybrid nanostructures (HGDs) that were subsequently conjugated with a fluorophore. An amplification effect induced by the gold nanoparticles increased the emission spectrum of the fluorophore, maximizing the possibilities for imaging applications of these HGDs. The incubation of the nanostructures with HeLa cells produced no alteration of cell viability after 3 h and showed the presence of nanostructures in the cell cytoplasm at 24 h. These observations also indicate the potential biomedical use of the proposed HGDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidy Pedroso-Santana
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico. Apartado postal 5-88, C.P. 83190
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25
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Zhang Y, Wu M, Wu M, Zhu J, Zhang X. Multifunctional Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Applications in Biomolecular Imaging and Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9126-9145. [PMID: 31459047 PMCID: PMC6644613 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has been widely used not only as an important detection technology in the field of medical imaging for cancer diagnosis but also as a theranostic approach for cancer in recent years. Multifunctional carbon-based nanomaterials (MCBNs), characterized by unparalleled optical, electronic, and thermal properties, have attracted increasing interest and demonstrably hold the greatest promise in biomolecular imaging and therapy. As such, it should come as no surprise that MCBNs have already revealed a great deal of potential applications in biomedical areas, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and tumor therapy. Carbon nanomaterials can be categorized as graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, or carbon dots on the basis of their morphologies. In this article, reports of the use of MCBNs in various chemical conjugation/functionalization strategies, focusing on their applications in cancer molecular imaging and imaging-guided therapy, will be comprehensively summarized. MCBNs show the possibility to serve as optimal candidates for precise cancer biotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Wu
- Department
of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University
Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for
Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer Key Laboratory
of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P. R.
China
| | - Mingjie Wu
- Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux
et Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech
University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
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26
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Barnard AS. Predicting the impact of structural diversity on the performance of nanodiamond drug carriers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8893-8910. [PMID: 29737997 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds) are unique among carbon nanomaterials, and are quickly establishing a niché in the biomedical application domain. Nanodiamonds are non-toxic, amenable to economically viable mass production, and can be interfaced with a variety of functional moieties. However, developmental challenges arise due to the chemical complexity and structural diversity inherent in nanodiamond samples. Nanodiamonds present a narrow, but significant, distribution of sizes, a dizzying array of possible shapes, and a complicated surface containing aliphatic and aromatic carbon. In the past these facts have been cast as hindrances, stalling development until perfectly monodispersed samples could be achieved. Current research has moved in a different direction, exploring ways that the polydispersivity of nanodiamond samples can be used as a new degree of engineering freedom, and understanding the impact our limited synthetic control really has upon structure/property relationships. In this review a series of computational and statistical studies will be summarised and reviewed, to characterise the relationship between chemical complexity, structural diversity and the reactive performance of nanodiamond drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Barnard
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Namdar R, Nafisi S. Nanodiamond applications in skin preparations. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1152-1158. [PMID: 29660479 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and nontoxicity of nanodiamonds (NDs) in combination with their excellent physical performance have rendered them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. NDs have great potential in drug nanoformulations because of their small size compared with other carbon nanomaterials. They are nontoxic with excellent adsorption properties and can be formulated into skin care products. Even though NDs have shown encouraging potential in skin preparations, only a few studies have reviewed their application in topical drug delivery systems. Therefore, here we focus on the application of NDs in skin care preparations, skin cancer medication, and wound healing. We also highlight the development of topical drug delivery by NDs and their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Namdar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Nafisi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Prabhakar N, Peurla M, Koho S, Deguchi T, Näreoja T, Chang HC, Rosenholm JM, Hänninen PE. STED-TEM Correlative Microscopy Leveraging Nanodiamonds as Intracellular Dual-Contrast Markers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1701807. [PMID: 29251417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of fluorescent and electron dense markers is essential for the implementation of correlative light and electron microscopy, as dual-contrast landmarks are required to match the details in the multimodal images. Here, a novel method for correlative microscopy that utilizes fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as dual-contrast probes is reported. It is demonstrated how the FNDs can be used as dual-contrast labels-and together with automatic image registration tool SuperTomo, for precise image correlation-in high-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED)/confocal and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) correlative microscopy experiments. It is shown how FNDs can be employed in experiments with both live and fixed cells as well as simple test samples. The fluorescence imaging can be performed either before TEM imaging or after, as the robust FNDs survive the TEM sample preparation and can be imaged with STED and other fluorescence microscopes directly on the TEM grids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Markus Peurla
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Sami Koho
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Takahiro Deguchi
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Division of Pathology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Pekka E Hänninen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
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Reducing posttreatment relapse in cleft lip palatal expansion using an injectable estrogen-nanodiamond hydrogel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7218-E7225. [PMID: 28808036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704027114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), who undergo numerous medical interventions from infancy, can suffer from lifelong debilitation caused by underdeveloped maxillae. Conventional treatment approaches use maxillary expansion techniques to develop normal speech, achieve functional occlusion for nutrition intake, and improve esthetics. However, as patients with CLP congenitally lack bone in the cleft site with diminished capacity for bone formation in the expanded palate, more than 80% of the patient population experiences significant postexpansion relapse. While such relapse has been a long-standing battle in craniofacial care of patients, currently there are no available strategies to address this pervasive problem. Estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), is a powerful therapeutic agent that plays a critical role in bone homeostasis. However, E2's clinical application is less appreciated due to several limitations, including its pleiotropic effects and short half-life. Here, we developed a treatment strategy using an injectable system with photo-cross-linkable hydrogel (G) and nanodiamond (ND) technology to facilitate the targeted and sustained delivery of E2 to promote bone formation. In a preclinical expansion/relapse model, this functionalized E2/ND/G complex substantially reduced postexpansion relapse by nearly threefold through enhancements in sutural remodeling compared with unmodified E2 administration. The E2/ND/G group demonstrated greater bone volume by twofold and higher osteoblast number by threefold, compared with the control group. The E2/ND/G platform maximized the beneficial effects of E2 through its extended release with superior efficacy and safety at the local level. This broadly applicable E2 delivery platform shows promise as an adjuvant therapy in craniofacial care of patients.
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30
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Barnard AS. Heterogeneous PEGylation of diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:70-74. [PMID: 27910975 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coating the surfaces of inorganic nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an important step in the development of many nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The efficiency with which drug molecules can be loaded on to nanoparticle surfaces is contingent on the concentration, distribution and stability of the PEG coating. In this study the distribution and relative stability of PEG on diamond nanoparticles is predicted, for clean and passivated surface structures, in 3D. This is an ideal exemplar, since PEGylated diamond nanoparticles are already being trialed as carriers for doxorubicin (DOX). The results show that PEGylation is favorable near the {100} facets regardless of surface reconstructions or pre-treatment, but pre-treatment is required to increase the probability of stable and homogeneous PEGylation on other facets.
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31
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Lu M, Wang YK, Zhao J, Lu H, Stenzel MH, Xiao P. PEG Grafted-Nanodiamonds for the Delivery of Gemcitabine. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:2023-2029. [PMID: 27813236 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carboxyl end-functionalized poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(PEGMEMA)] and its block copolymer with gemcitabine substituted poly(N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate) [PGem-block-P(PEGMEMA)] are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Then, two polymers are grafted onto the surface of amine-functionalized nanodiamonds to obtain [P(PEGMEMA)]-grafted nanodiamonds (ND-PEG) and [PGem-block-P(PEGMEMA)]-grafted nanodiamonds (ND-PF). Gemcitabine is physically absorbed to ND-PEG to produce ND-PEG (Gem). Two polymer-grafted nanodiamonds (i.e., with physically absorbed gemcitabine ND-PEG (Gem) and with chemically conjugated gemcitabine ND-PF) are characterized using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis. The drug release, cytotoxicity (to seed human pancreatic carcinoma AsPC-1 cells), and cellular uptake of ND-PEG (Gem) and ND-PF are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yu-Kai Wang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiacheng Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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32
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Bi Y, Zhang Y, Cui C, Ren L, Jiang X. Gene-silencing effects of anti-survivin siRNA delivered by RGDV-functionalized nanodiamond carrier in the breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5771-5787. [PMID: 27853365 PMCID: PMC5104303 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) is a renowned material in nonviral small interfering RNA (siRNA) carrier field due to its unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. In our previous work, it was proven that ND could deliver siRNA into cells efficiently and downregulate the expression of desired protein. However, synthesizing a high-efficient tumor-targeting carrier using ND is still a challenge. In this study, a novel carrier, NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR, was synthesized for siRNA delivery, and its properties were characterized with methods including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, gel retardation assay, differential scanning calorimetry, confocal microscopy, releasing test, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assay, and gene-silencing efficacy assay in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR/survivin-siRNA-induced tumor apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometer assay using Annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining method. The NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR/survivin-siRNA nanoparticle with 60–110 nm diameter and 35.65±3.90 mV zeta potential was prepared. For real-time PCR assay, the results showed that the expression of survivin mRNA was reduced to 46.77%±6.3%. The expression of survivin protein was downregulated to 48.49%±2.25%, as evaluated by ELISA assay. MTT assay showed that NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR/survivin-siRNA had an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell proliferation. According to these results, the survivin-siRNA could be delivered, transported, and released stably, which benefits in increasing the gene-silencing effect. Therefore, as an siRNA carrier, NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR was suggested to be used in siRNA delivery system and in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Bi
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Cui
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Ren
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyun Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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33
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Redox and Organic Post-Annealing Chemical Processes Impacting the Fluorescence of N V − Centers into Nanodiamonds. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:2321-2332. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Moore L, Yang J, Lan TTH, Osawa E, Lee DK, Johnson WD, Xi J, Chow EKH, Ho D. Biocompatibility Assessment of Detonation Nanodiamond in Non-Human Primates and Rats Using Histological, Hematologic, and Urine Analysis. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7385-400. [PMID: 27439019 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications ranging from cancer therapy to magnetic resonance imaging due to several promising properties. These include faceted surfaces that mediate potent drug binding and water coordination that have resulted in marked enhancements to the efficacy and safety of drug delivery and imaging. In addition, scalable processing of DNDs yields uniform particles. Furthermore, a broad spectrum of biocompatibility studies has shown that DNDs appear to be well-tolerated. Prior to the clinical translation of DNDs for indications that are addressed via intravenous administration, comprehensive assessment of DND safety in both small and large animal preclinical models is needed. This article reports the results of a DND biocompatibility study in both non-human primates and rats. The rat study was performed as a multiple dose subacute investigation in two cohorts that lasted for 2 weeks and included histological, serum, and urine analysis. The non-human primate study was performed as a dual gender, multiple dose, and long-term investigation in both standard/clinically relevant and elevated dosing cohorts that lasted for 6 months and included comprehensive serum, urine, histological, and body weight analysis. The results from these studies indicate that NDs are well-tolerated at clinically relevant doses. Examination of dose-dependent changes in biomarker levels provides important guidance for the downstream in-human validation of DNDs for clinical drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junyu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Thanh T Ha Lan
- Alverno Clinical Laboratories , Hammond, Indiana 46324, United States
| | - Eiji Osawa
- NanoCarbon Research Institute, Asama Research Extension Centre, Shinshu University , Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | | | - William D Johnson
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute , Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117599
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600
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35
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Sun B, Barnard AS. Impact of speciation on the electron charge transfer properties of nanodiamond drug carriers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14264-14270. [PMID: 27404991 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpassivated diamond nanoparticles (bucky-diamonds) exhibit a unique surface reconstruction involving graphitization of certain crystal facets, giving rise to hybrid core-shell particles containing both aromatic and aliphatic carbon. Considerable effort is directed toward eliminating the aromatic shell, but persistent graphitization of subsequent subsurface-layers makes perdurable purification a challenge. In this study we use some simple statistical methods, in combination with electronic structure simulations, to predict the impact of different fractions of aromatic and aliphatic carbon on the charge transfer properties of the ensembles of bucky-diamonds. By predicting quality factors for a variety of cases, we find that perfect purification is not necessary to preserve selectivity, and there is a clear motivation for purifying samples to improve the sensitivity of charge transfer reactions. This may prove useful in designing drug delivery systems where the release of (selected) drugs needs to be sensitive to specific conditions at the point of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Sun
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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36
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Knapinska AM, Tokmina-Roszyk D, Amar S, Tokmina-Roszyk M, Mochalin VN, Gogotsi Y, Cosme P, Terentis AC, Fields GB. Solid-phase synthesis, characterization, and cellular activities of collagen-model nanodiamond-peptide conjugates. Biopolymers 2016; 104:186-95. [PMID: 25753561 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have received considerable attention as potential drug delivery vehicles. NDs are small (∼5 nm diameter), can be surface modified in a controllable fashion with a variety of functional groups, and have little observed toxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, most biomedical applications of NDs utilize surface adsorption of biomolecules, as opposed to covalent attachment. Covalent modification provides reliable and reproducible ND-biomolecule ratios, and alleviates concerns over biomolecule desorption prior to delivery. The present study has outlined methods for the efficient solid-phase conjugation of ND to peptides and characterization of ND-peptide conjugates. Utilizing collagen-derived peptides, the ND was found to support or even enhance the cell adhesion and viability activities of the conjugated sequence. Thus, NDs can be incorporated into peptides and proteins in a selective manner, where the presence of the ND could potentially enhance the in vivo activities of the biomolecule it is attached to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Knapinska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458.,Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987
| | - Dorota Tokmina-Roszyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458.,Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987
| | - Sabrina Amar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458.,Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987
| | - Michal Tokmina-Roszyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458.,Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987
| | - Vadym N Mochalin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Patrick Cosme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Andrew C Terentis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458.,Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458
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37
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Lai L, Barnard AS. Site-dependent atomic and molecular affinities of hydrocarbons, amines and thiols on diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7899-7905. [PMID: 26659270 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Like many of the useful nanomaterials being produced on the industrial scale, the surface of diamond nanoparticles includes a complicated mixture of various atomic and molecular adsorbates, attaching to the facets following synthesis. Some of these adsorbates may be functional, and adsorption is encouraged to promote applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine, but others are purely adventurous and must be removed prior to use. In order to devise more effective treatments it is advantageous to know the relative strength of the interactions of the adsorbates with the surface, and ideally how abundant they are likely to be under different conditions. In this paper we use a series of explicit electronic structure simulations to map the distribution of small hydrocarbons, amines and thiols on a 2.9 nm diamond nanoparticle, with atomic level resolution, in 3-D. We find a clear relationship between surface reconstructions, facet orientation, and the distribution of the different adsorbates; with a greater concentration expected on the (100) and (110) facets, particularly when the supersaturation in the reservoir is high. Adsorption on the (111) facets is highly unlikely, suggesting that controlled graphitization may be a useful stage in the cleaning and treatment of nanodiamonds, prior to the deliberate coating with functional adsorbates needed for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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38
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Barnard AS. Challenges in modelling nanoparticles for drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:023002. [PMID: 26682622 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/2/023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advances in the fields of theoretical condensed matter and computational physics, when confronted with the complexity and diversity of nanoparticles available in conventional laboratories a number of modeling challenges remain. These challenges are generally shared among application domains, but the impacts of the limitations and approximations we make to overcome them (or circumvent them) can be more significant one area than another. In the case of nanoparticles for drug delivery applications some immediate challenges include the incompatibility of length-scales, our ability to model weak interactions and solvation, the complexity of the thermochemical environment surrounding the nanoparticles, and the role of polydispersivity in determining properties and performance. Some of these challenges can be met with existing technologies, others with emerging technologies including the data-driven sciences; some others require new methods to be developed. In this article we will briefly review some simple methods and techniques that can be applied to these (and other) challenges, and demonstrate some results using nanodiamond-based drug delivery platforms as an exemplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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39
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Chen X, Li D, Wang H, Jiao YY, Wang H, Yu Y, Zhi J. Fabrication of an EGF modified nanodiamonds-based anti-cancer drug targeted delivery system and drug carrier uptake visualization by 3D Raman microscopy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a nanodiamond-based anti-cancer drug targeted delivery system, epidermal growth factor–nanodiamonds–cisplatin (ENC) bioconjugate, which could selectively kill tumor cells and be located through 3D confocal Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-yuan Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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40
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Lee DK, Kim SV, Limansubroto AN, Yen A, Soundia A, Wang CY, Shi W, Hong C, Tetradis S, Kim Y, Park NH, Kang MK, Ho D. Nanodiamond-Gutta Percha Composite Biomaterials for Root Canal Therapy. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11490-501. [PMID: 26452304 PMCID: PMC4660386 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root canal therapy (RCT) represents a standard of treatment that addresses infected pulp tissue in teeth and protects against future infection. RCT involves removing dental pulp comprising blood vessels and nerve tissue, decontaminating residually infected tissue through biomechanical instrumentation, and root canal obturation using a filler material to replace the space that was previously composed of dental pulp. Gutta percha (GP) is typically used as the filler material, as it is malleable, inert, and biocompatible. While filling the root canal space with GP is the standard of care for endodontic therapies, it has exhibited limitations including leakage, root canal reinfection, and poor mechanical properties. To address these challenges, clinicians have explored the use of alternative root filling materials other than GP. Among the classes of materials that are being explored as novel endodontic therapy platforms, nanodiamonds (NDs) may offer unique advantages due to their favorable properties, particularly for dental applications. These include versatile faceted surface chemistry, biocompatibility, and their role in improving mechanical properties, among others. This study developed a ND-embedded GP (NDGP) that was functionalized with amoxicillin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used for endodontic infection. Comprehensive materials characterization confirmed improved mechanical properties of NDGP over unmodified GP. In addition, digital radiography and microcomputed tomography imaging demonstrated that obturation of root canals with NDGP could be achieved using clinically relevant techniques. Furthermore, bacterial growth inhibition assays confirmed drug functionality of NDGP functionalized with amoxicillin. This study demonstrates a promising path toward NDGP implementation in future endodontic therapy for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sue Vin Kim
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Adelheid Nerisa Limansubroto
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Akrivoula Soundia
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christine Hong
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Kim
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Box 957357, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - No-Hee Park
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mo K. Kang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dean Ho
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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41
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Hong G, Diao S, Antaris AL, Dai H. Carbon Nanomaterials for Biological Imaging and Nanomedicinal Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10816-906. [PMID: 25997028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 809] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexander L Antaris
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lun Lin
- Institute of Atomic
and Molecular Sciences, Academic Sinica, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 11677, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Huang Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 11677, R.O.C
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic
and Molecular Sciences, Academic Sinica, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chih Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, 1801 E. Cotati Ave., Rohnert Park, California 94928, United States
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43
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Modugno G, Ménard-Moyon C, Prato M, Bianco A. Carbon nanomaterials combined with metal nanoparticles for theranostic applications. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:975-91. [PMID: 25323135 PMCID: PMC4314189 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among targeted delivery systems, platforms with nanosize dimensions, such as carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and metal nanoparticles (NPs), have shown great potential in biomedical applications. They have received considerable interest in recent years, especially with respect to their potential utilization in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy. The many functions of nanomaterials provide opportunities to use them as multimodal agents for theranostics, a combination of therapy and diagnosis. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are some of the most widely used CNMs because of their unique structural and physicochemical properties. Their high specific surface area allows for efficient drug loading and the possibility of functionalization with various bioactive molecules. In addition, CNMs are ideal platforms for the attachment of NPs. In the biomedical field, NPs have also shown tremendous potential for use in drug delivery, non-invasive tumour imaging and early detection due to their optical and magnetic properties. NP/CNM hybrids not only combine the unique properties of the NPs and CNMs but they also exhibit new properties arising from interactions between the two entities. In this review, the preparation of CNMs conjugated to different types of metal NPs and their applications in diagnosis, imaging, therapy and theranostics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Modugno
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, CNRSStrasbourg, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, CNRSStrasbourg, France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianco
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, CNRSStrasbourg, France
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44
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Plasma hydrogenated cationic detonation nanodiamonds efficiently deliver to human cells in culture functional siRNA targeting the Ewing sarcoma junction oncogene. Biomaterials 2015; 45:93-8. [PMID: 25662499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a defective gene can lead to major cell dysfunctions among which cell proliferation and tumor formation. One promising therapeutic strategy consists in silencing the defective gene using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In previous publications we showed that diamond nanocrystals (ND) of primary size 35 nm, rendered cationic by polyethyleneimine-coating, can efficiently deliver siRNA into cell, which further block the expression of EWS/FLI-1 oncogene in a Ewing sarcoma disease model. However, a therapeutic application of such nanodiamonds requires their elimination by the organism, particularly in urine, which is impossible for 35 nm particles. Here, we report that hydrogenated cationic nanodiamonds of primary size 7 nm (ND-H) have also a high affinity for siRNA and are capable of delivering them in cells. With siRNA/ND-H complexes, we measured a high inhibition efficacy of EWS/FLI-1 gene expression in Ewing sarcoma cell line. Electron microscopy investigations showed ND-H in endocytosis compartments, and especially in macropinosomes from which they can escape before siRNA degradation occurred. In addition, the association of EWS/FLI-1 silencing by the siRNA/ND-H complex with a vincristine treatment yielded a potentiation of the toxic effect of this chemotherapeutic drug. Therefore ND-H appears as a promising delivery agent in anti-tumoral gene therapy.
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45
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Abstract
The advent of cancer nanomedicine has forged new pathways for the enhanced imaging and treatment of a broad range of cancers using new classes of materials. Among the many platforms being developed for drug delivery and imaging, nanodiamonds (NDs) possess several important attributes that may be beneficial toward improving the efficacy and safety of cancer nanomedicine applications. These include the uniquely faceted surfaces of the ND particles that result in electrostatic properties that mediate enhanced interactions with water and loaded therapeutic compounds, scalable processing and synthesis parameters, versatility as platform carriers, and a spectrum of other characteristics. In addition, comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that NDs are well tolerated. This chapter will examine several recent studies that have harnessed the ND agent as a foundation for both systemic and localized drug delivery, as well as the marked improvements in magnetic resonance imaging efficiency that has been observed following ND-contrast agent conjugation. In addition, insight into the important steps toward bringing the ND translational pathway to the clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Ho
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room B3-068A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA,
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46
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Wang X, Low XC, Hou W, Abdullah LN, Toh TB, Mohd Abdul Rashid M, Ho D, Chow EKH. Epirubicin-adsorbed nanodiamonds kill chemoresistant hepatic cancer stem cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12151-66. [PMID: 25437772 PMCID: PMC4334265 DOI: 10.1021/nn503491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a primary cause of treatment failure in cancer and a common property of tumor-initiating cancer stem cells. Overcoming mechanisms of chemoresistance, particularly in cancer stem cells, can markedly enhance cancer therapy and prevent recurrence and metastasis. This study demonstrates that the delivery of Epirubicin by nanodiamonds is a highly effective nanomedicine-based approach to overcoming chemoresistance in hepatic cancer stem cells. The potent physical adsorption of Epirubicin to nanodiamonds creates a rapidly synthesized and stable nanodiamond-drug complex that promotes endocytic uptake and enhanced tumor cell retention. These attributes mediate the effective killing of both cancer stem cells and noncancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Enhanced treatment of both tumor cell populations results in an improved impairment of secondary tumor formation in vivo compared with treatment by unmodified chemotherapeutics. On the basis of these results, nanodiamond-mediated drug delivery may serve as a powerful method for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer stem cells and markedly improving overall treatment against hepatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Xinyi Casuarine Low
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Weixin Hou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Lissa Nurrul Abdullah
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Masturah Mohd Abdul Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Address correspondence to
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47
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Barnard AS, Per MC. Size and shape dependent deprotonation potential and proton affinity of nanodiamond. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:445702. [PMID: 25302774 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/44/445702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many important reactions in biology and medicine involve proton abstraction and transfer, and it is integral to applications such as drug delivery. Unlike electrons, which are quantum mechanically delocalized, protons are instantaneously localized on specific residues in these reactions, which can be a distinct advantage. However, the introduction of nanoparticles, such as non-toxic nanodiamonds, to this field complicates matters, as the number of possible sites increases as the inverse radius of the particle. In this paper we present > 10(4) simulations that map the size- and shape-dependence of the deprotonation potential and proton affinity of nanodiamonds in the range 1.8-2.7 nm in average diameter. We find that while the average deprotonation potential and proton affinities decrease with size, the site-specific values are inhomogeneous over the surface of the particles, exhibiting strong shape-dependence. The proton affinity is strongly facet-dependent, whereas the deprotonation potential is edge/corner-dependent, which creates a type of spatial hysteresis in the transfer of protons to and from the nanodiamond, and provides new opportunities for selective functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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48
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Lai L, Barnard AS. Anisotropic adsorption and distribution of immobilized carboxyl on nanodiamond. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14185-14189. [PMID: 25340582 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05363j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable and predictable functionalization of nanodiamond with carboxyl is an important first step in loading these materials with therapeutic agents, and the conjugation with proteins, cytochrome, antigen, and DNA. By creating a map of the adsorption strength of COOH, OH, O and H with atomic level resolution across the entire surface of an experimentally realistic nanodiamond, we have shown how the distribution is highly anisotropic, and depends on surface reconstructions, facet orientation, and ultimately the shape. This provides useful insights into how the structure of nanodiamond impacts the formation of COOH surface monolayers, and suggests that efforts to separate nanodiamonds by shape would be highly beneficial in the development of drug delivery vehicles targeted to specific treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lai
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Moore L, Grobárová V, Shen H, Man HB, Míčová J, Ledvina M, Štursa J, Nesladek M, Fišerová A, Ho D. Comprehensive interrogation of the cellular response to fluorescent, detonation and functionalized nanodiamonds. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:11712-21. [PMID: 25037888 PMCID: PMC4399863 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are versatile nanoparticles that are currently being investigated for a variety of applications in drug delivery, biomedical imaging and nanoscale sensing. Although initial studies indicate that these small gems are biocompatible, there is a great deal of variability in synthesis methods and surface functionalization that has yet to be evaluated. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the cellular compatibility of an array of nanodiamond subtypes and surface functionalization strategies. These results demonstrate that NDs are well tolerated by multiple cell types at both functional and gene expression levels. In addition, ND-mediated delivery of daunorubicin is less toxic to multiple cell types than treatment with daunorubicin alone, thus demonstrating the ability of the ND agent to improve drug tolerance and decrease therapeutic toxicity. Overall, the results here indicate that ND biocompatibility serves as a promising foundation for continued preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moore
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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50
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Transferrin-conjugated nanodiamond as an intracellular transporter of chemotherapeutic drug and targeting therapy for cancer cells. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:511-24. [PMID: 24998271 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM PEGylated fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) conjugated with Tf (FND-PEG-Tf) was investigated for targeted drug delivery. MATERIALS & METHODS Human hepatoma (HepG2) and normal (L-02) cell lines were used to investigate the difference in cellular uptake of FND-PEG-Tf and its loading drug system. Nanoparticle uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS FND-PEG-Tf showed highly specific TfR-mediated uptake by HepG2 cells, relative to negative controls (L-02 cell), which was a strong correlation among TfR density on the cell surface. The mechanism of TfR-mediated uptake was attested by free Tf with Fe³⁺ as a competitive agent. The difference in cell viability between L-02 and HepG2 cells treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) nanoparticles (FND-PEG-Tf-DOX) can be explained by FND-PEG-Tf, which can target drug delivery to cancer cells. CONCLUSION FND-PEG-Tf can potentially be utilized in targeted cancer cell imaging and effective drug delivery for cancer therapy.
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