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Dataset of atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Memphis Tri-state Area. Data Brief 2023; 47:108923. [PMID: 36747981 PMCID: PMC9898583 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This dataset contains concentrations (in ng/m3) of 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the ambient air in the Memphis Tri-state Area (MTA). In the atmosphere, PAHs are toxic pollutants emitted from incomplete combustion sources. This monitoring campaign was conducted at 19 sites in three neighboring counties in Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas, i.e., MTA, over one year. The monitoring sites represented industrial, urban, suburban, and remote land types. Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected at each site using a high-volume sampler every 12 days from March 13th, 2018, to May 25th, 2019. The collection media consisted of a quartz fiber filter (QFF) and a glass thimble containing polyurethane foam (PUF) and XAD-4 resin that collected particulate- and gas-phase PAHs. Approximately 288 m3 of ambient air was drawn over 24 h. The QFF and sorbents were extracted together in an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system, and the extract was then nitrogen blown down to 1 ml in an automatic evaporator, and the final extract was analyzed for 32 target PAHs on a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system operated in the select-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reviewed and approved the sampling and analytical protocols. The dataset also has site descriptions, sampling information, and analytical performance. This PAH dataset can be used to explore atmospheric chemistry and sources of PAHs, estimate population exposures to airborne PAHs and the associated health risks, and address environmental health disparities.
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Ding Z, Yi Y, Xu F, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wang W. Mechanistic and Kinetic Study of Atmospheric Oxidation of Chlordane Initiated by OH Radicals. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181106125208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlordane, one of the extremely hazardous Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), was widely
used as pesticides all over the world and its residues have been detected at high concentrations in
many areas. As a species of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs), chlordane exists mainly in
the atmosphere where it can be migrated and transformed. Due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic
properties, understanding its atmospheric fate is of great significance. In the present work, the oxidation
mechanism of chlordane initiated by OH radicals under the atmospheric conditions was investigated
by using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The geometrical structures were optimized at the M06-
2X/6-311+g(d,p) level and single-point energies were calculated at the M06-2X/6-311+g(3df,2p) level.
The relevant rate constants of the key elementary reactions were calculated by using Rice-Ramsperger-
Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory at 298 K and 1 atm. All of the energetically favorable pathways were
discussed in detail, and theoretical results showed that the oxidation products are dichlorochlordene,
hydroxychlrodane, cycloketone and dichloracyl. Combined with available experimental observation,
this study can, therefore, help to clarify the atmospheric fate of chlordane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yayi Yi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Yadav IC, Devi NL, Li J, Zhang G. Altitudinal and spatial variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Nepal: Implications on source apportionment and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:386-396. [PMID: 29421754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although several global/regional studies have detailed the high level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas worldwide, unfortunately, Nepal has never been part of any global/regional regular monitoring plan. Despite few sporadic studies exist, the systematic monitoring and integrated concentration of PAHs in urban region of Nepal are lacking. In this study, the concentrations, sources, and health risk assessment of 16 PAHs in air (n = 34) were investigated in suspected source areas/more densely populated regions of Nepal. Four potential source areas in Nepal were focused as it was conjectured that urban centers in plain areas (Birgunj and Biratnagar) would possibly be more influenced by PAHs as a result of intense biomass/crop residue burning than those in hilly areas (Kathmandu and Pokhara). The overall concentrations of ∑16PAHs ranged from 4.3 to 131 ng/m3 (median 33.3 ng/m3). ∑16PAH concentrations in plain areas were two folds higher than those in hilly areas. PHE was the most abundant followed by FLUA, PYR, and NAP, which accounted for 36%, 15%, 12%, and 9% of ∑16PAHs, respectively. Principal component analysis confirmed that PAHs in highly urbanized areas (Kathmandu and Pokhara) were related to diesel exhausts and coal combustion, while PAHs in less urbanized regions (Birgunj and Biratnagar) originated from biomass and domestic wood combustions. Furthermore, in the urban areas of Nepal, vehicular emission could also influence atmospheric PAHs. The lifetime cancer risk per million populations due to PAH exposures was estimated to be higher for plain areas than that for hilly areas, suggesting a relatively greater risk of cancer in people living in plain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan.
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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Duncan S, Sexton KG, Turpin B. Oxygenated VOCs, aqueous chemistry, and potential impacts on residential indoor air composition. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:198-212. [PMID: 28833580 PMCID: PMC5745158 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dampness affects a substantial percentage of homes and is associated with increased risk of respiratory ailments; yet, the effects of dampness on indoor chemistry are largely unknown. We hypothesize that the presence of water-soluble gases and their aqueous processing alters the chemical composition of indoor air and thereby affects inhalation and dermal exposures in damp homes. Herein, we use the existing literature and new measurements to examine the plausibility of this hypothesis, summarize existing evidence, and identify key knowledge gaps. While measurements of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are abundant, measurements of water-soluble organic gases (WSOGs) are not. We found that concentrations of total WSOGs were, on average, 15 times higher inside homes than immediately outside (N = 13). We provide insights into WSOG compounds likely to be present indoors using peer-reviewed literature and insights from atmospheric chemistry. Finally, we discuss types of aqueous chemistry that may occur on indoor surfaces and speculate how this chemistry could affect indoor exposures. Liquid water quantities, identities of water-soluble compounds, the dominant chemistry, and fate of aqueous products are poorly understood. These limitations hamper our ability to determine the effects of aqueous indoor chemistry on dermal and inhalation exposures in damp homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Duncan
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Barbara Turpin
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Corresponding author:
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Xie Y, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Luo Q, Wang S, Zhao B, Bai S. Reduction in population exposure to PM 2.5 and cancer risk due to PM 2.5-bound PAHs exposure in Beijing, China during the APEC meeting. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:338-345. [PMID: 28284555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radical measures for controlling ambient air pollution sources were employed by the Chinese government during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting in 2014, providing a unique case to evaluate the health effect benefits from such measures. To examine the cancer risk reduction from the source control measures during the APEC meeting, we estimated the reduction in population exposure to PM2.5 and PAHs and the reduction in PAHs-associated cancer risk if the control measures were sustained over time. We determined the population exposure to PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound PAHs for the 21.52 million Beijing residents using a Land Use Regression model to determine the spatial distribution of PM2.5 and a Monte Carlo approach to revise indoor/outdoor infiltration factor and time activity patterns. Into the model and approach, we incorporated the spatial variance and indoor/outdoor differences in the PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound PAHs concentrations, based on measurements. We then estimated lung cancer risk using the population attributable fraction (PAF), assuming the control measures were sustained over time. The mean PM2.5 exposure concentration decreased from 37.5 μg/m3 (CI:17.1-74.9 μg/m3) to 24.0 μg/m3 (CI:10.2-47.7 μg/m3), whereas the mean PM2.5-bound equivalent benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq) exposure concentration decreased from 7.1 ng/m3 (CI:3.3-14.2 ng/m3) to 4.2 ng/m3 (CI:1.8-7.7 ng/m3), resulting in a reduction in the lung cancer PAF from 0.75% to 0.45%, if the measures were sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xie
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuejing Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzi Luo
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunhua Bai
- The School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Grung M, Kringstad A, Bæk K, Allan IJ, Thomas KV, Meland S, Ranneklev SB. Identification of non-regulated polycyclic aromatic compounds and other markers of urban pollution in road tunnel particulate matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:36-44. [PMID: 27233209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combination of silicone rubber extraction and non-target and suspect screening by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of flight mass spectrometry was used for the identification of compounds in particulate matter (PM). Tunnel PM is a proxy for local road pollution that constitutes a hazard to the urban environment and human health. The use of silicone rubber for the extraction of PM allowed the pre-concentration of a wide range of compounds for non-target analysis while minimising the effects of the sample matrix. As expected, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) constituted the major group of compounds identified, but only 5 of 50 PACs identified were amongst those regularly monitored and many of them were alkylated or contained a heteroatom. Urban markers of contamination such as organophosphate flame-retardants, phthalates, benzothiazoles, musk compounds and a plasticiser were also identified. The level of confidence for the identifications was high based on accurate mass, the pattern of fragmentation and retention. The unequivocal identification of 16 compounds, from all groups, was confirmed by co-chromatography with standards and the compounds semi-quantified. Most of the PACs identified are not regularly monitored, and the hazards they pose are therefore unknown. Some of these PACs are known to be more persistent and mobile in the environment than the EPA PAH16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alfhild Kringstad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kine Bæk
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sondre Meland
- Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Environmental Assessment Section, Post Box 8142 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Post Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Sissel B Ranneklev
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Wei W, Mandin C, Blanchard O, Mercier F, Pelletier M, Le Bot B, Glorennec P, Ramalho O. Predicting the gas-phase concentration of semi-volatile organic compounds from airborne particles: Application to a French nationwide survey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:319-325. [PMID: 27788447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) partition indoors between the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, and other surfaces. Unknown concentrations of SVOCs in the gas phase (Cg) can be predicted from their measured concentrations in airborne particles. In previous studies, the prediction of Cg depended largely on choosing a specific equation for the calculation of the particle/gas partition coefficient. Moreover, the prediction of Cg is frequently performed at a reference temperature rather than the real indoor temperature. In this paper, a probabilistic approach based on Monte Carlo simulation was developed to predict the distribution of SVOCs' Cg from their concentrations in airborne particles at the target indoor temperature. Moreover, the distribution of the particle/gas partition coefficient of each SVOC at the target temperature was used. The approach was validated using two measured datasets in the literature: the predicted Cg from concentrations measured in airborne particles and the measured Cg were generally of the same order of magnitude. The distributions of the Cg of 66 SVOCs in the French housing stock were then predicted. The SVOCs with the highest median Cg, ranging from 1ng/m3 to >100ng/m3, included 8 phthalates (DEP, DiBP, DBP, DEHP, BBP, DMP, DiNP, and DMEP), 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and anthracene), 2 alkylphenols (4-tert-butylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol), 2 synthetic musks (galaxolide and tonalide), tributyl phosphate, and heptachlor. The nationwide, representative, predicted Cg values of SVOCs are frequently of the same order of magnitude in Europe and North America, whereas these Cg values in Chinese and Indian dwellings and the Cg of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in U.S. dwellings are generally higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wei
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
| | - Corinne Mandin
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France; LERES-Environment and Health Research Laboratory (Irset and EHESP Technologic Platform), Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Blanchard
- EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - Fabien Mercier
- EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France; LERES-Environment and Health Research Laboratory (Irset and EHESP Technologic Platform), Rennes, France
| | - Maud Pelletier
- EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France; LERES-Environment and Health Research Laboratory (Irset and EHESP Technologic Platform), Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
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Liu B, Xue Z, Zhu X, Jia C. Long-term trends (1990-2014), health risks, and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1171-1179. [PMID: 27847130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a category of over 100 various chemicals released from numerous combustion sources. The ubiquity and toxicity of PAHs have posed high health risks on human populations. This study aims to examine the long-term trends of atmospheric PAHs at the national-level in the U.S., and evaluate their cancer risks. Daily concentrations of PAHs measured at 169 monitoring stations between 1990 and 2014 were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System. Temporal trends were examined using generalized linear model with generalized estimating equations. Random-effects analysis of variance was performed to explore variance between regions, sites, years, and months with a hierarchical structure. Source categories were identified using diagnostic ratios. National population level cancer risks were estimated using the relative potency factors and inhalation unit risk method. Ambient PAH concentrations displayed an overall downward trend (6-9% annual reduction) in urban areas, but not in rural areas. Seasonal and weekday/weekend effects were significant. Urban concentrations were twice of the rural level. The between-site variation outweighed the temporal variation, indicating large spatial heterogeneity. The predominant PAH sources were from traffic and non-traffic related fuel combustions with a dominant contribution from diesel emissions. The average excess lifetime cancer risk was estimated to be 9.3 ± 30.1 × 10-6 (GM: 4.2 × 10-6) from exposure to ten carcinogenic PAHs. This is the first comprehensive study of the spatiotemporal trends of ambient PAHs at the U.S. national level. The results indicate that future efforts aimed to reduce PAH exposures should focus on diesel emission controls and extending the geographic coverage of air monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Saini, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Zhuqing Xue
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xianlei Zhu
- College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Hong WJ, Jia H, Ma WL, Sinha RK, Moon HB, Nakata H, Minh NH, Chi KH, Li WL, Kannan K, Sverko E, Li YF. Distribution, Fate, Inhalation Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Asian Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7163-74. [PMID: 27268081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale monitoring program, the Asia Soil and Air Monitoring Program (Asia-SAMP), was conducted in five Asian countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and India. Air samples were collected using passive air samplers with polyurethane foam disks over four consecutive 3-month periods from September 2012 to August 2013 to measure the seasonal concentrations of 47 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including 21 parent and 26 alkylated PAHs, at 176 sites (11 background, 83 rural, and 82 urban). The annual concentrations of total 47 PAHs (∑47PAHs) at all sites ranged from 6.29 to 688 ng/m(3) with median of 82.2 ng/m(3). Air concentrations of PAHs in China, Vietnam, and India were greater than those in Japan and South Korea. As expected, the air concentrations (ng/m(3)) were highest at urban sites (143 ± 117) followed by rural (126 ± 147) and background sites (22.4 ± 11.4). Significant positive correlations were found between PAH concentrations and atmosphere aerosol optical depth. The average benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration (BaPeq) was 5.61 ng/m(3). It was estimated that the annual BaPeq concentrations at 78.8% of the sampling sites exceeded the WHO guideline level. The mean population attributable fraction (PAF) for lung cancer due to inhalation exposure to outdoor PAHs was on the order 8.8‰ (0.056-52‰) for China, 0.38‰ (0.007-3.2‰) for Japan, 0.85‰ (0.042-4.5‰) for South Korea, 7.5‰ (0.26-27‰) for Vietnam, and 3.2‰ (0.047-20‰) for India. We estimated a number of lifetime excess lung cancer cases caused by exposure to PAHs, which the concentrations ranging from 27.8 to 2200, 1.36 to 108, 2.45 to 194, 21.8 to 1730, and 9.10 to 720 per million people for China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and India, respectively. Overall, the lung cancer risk in China and Vietnam were higher than that in Japan, South Korea, and India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Hong
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | | | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- IJRC-PTS, Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University , 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Haruhiko Nakata
- IJRC-PTS, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- DIOXIN LABORATORY, Center for Environmental Monitoring (CEM), Vietnam Environmental Administration (VEA) , 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Li
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- IJRC-PTS, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Ed Sverko
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA , Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
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Mosaddegh MH, Jafarian A, Ghasemi A, Mosaddegh A. Phytoremediation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene contaminated air by D. deremensis and O. microdasys plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:39. [PMID: 24451679 PMCID: PMC3996197 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People usually spent about 90% of their time indoors, which are probably more polluted than outside the buildings. High levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known as causes of sick building syndrome. The present study was designed to determine the quantitative effects of some plants to improve the quality of the environmental air. RESULTS D. deremensis and O. microdasys were chosen for the present study. There is no report of using O. microdasys for cleaning the air from pollutants. So, in this study, the effectiveness of O. microdasys in air removing from pollutants was studied and compared with D. dermensis.O. microdasys plant can remove 2 ppm concentration benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene from air in test chambers completely after 48, 55, 47 and 57 hours, respectively. The removal rates of benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene (BTEX) from air in the test chambers were 1.18, 0.54, 1.64 and 1.35 mg/ m2d1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS If an office containing 2.5 ppm of each of BTEX and had an approximate volume of 30 m3, it contains 16, 8, 22 and 22 mg/m3 benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene, respectively. Using ten O. microdasys pots with the same size used in this study, can remove benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene totally after 36, 40, 30 and 39 hours.The authors recommended studying the efficiency of the plants for removal of BTEX from air at higher range of concentrations such as 20-30 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Mosaddegh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafarian
- Department of Pharmacolgy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Adele Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacolgy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Mosaddegh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Noth EM, Hammond SK, Biging GS, Tager IB. Mapping and modeling airborne urban phenanthrene distribution using vegetation biomonitoring. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2013; 77:518-524. [PMID: 31708678 PMCID: PMC6839706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To capture the spatial distribution of phenanthrene in an urban setting we used vegetation biomonitoring with Jeffrey pine trees (Pinus jeffreyi). The major challenge in characterizing spatial variation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations within a metropolitan area has been sampling at a fine enough resolution to observe the underlying spatial pattern. However, field and chamber studies show that the primary pathway through which PAHs enter plants is from air into leaves, making vegetation biomonitoring a feasible way to examine the spatial distribution of these compounds. Previous research has shown that phenanthrene has adverse health effects and that it is one of the most abundant PAHs in urban air. We collected 99 pine needle samples from 91 locations in Fresno in the morning on a winter day, and analyzed them for PAHs in the inner needle. All 99 pine needle samples had detectable levels of phenanthrene, with mean concentration of 41.0 ng g-1, median 36.9 ng g-1, and standard deviation of 28.5 ng g-1 fresh weight. The ratio of the 90th:10th percentile concentrations by location was 3.3. The phenanthrene distribution had a statistically significant Moran's I of 0.035, indicating a high degree of spatial clustering. We implemented land use regression to fit a model to our data. Our model was able to explain a moderate amount of the variability in the data (R 2 = 0.56), likely reflecting the major sources of phenanthrene in Fresno. The spatial distribution of modeled airborne phenanthrene shows the influences of highways, railroads, and industrial and commercial zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Noth
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - S. Katharine Hammond
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Gregory S. Biging
- Environmental Science, Policy and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ira B. Tager
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
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