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Xue B, Tian L, Liu Y, Peng L, Iqbal W, Li L, Mao Y. Enhanced nitrate reduction in hypotrophic waters with integrated photocatalysis and biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100390. [PMID: 38328509 PMCID: PMC10847995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Addressing nitrate contamination in water bodies is a critical environmental challenge, and Intimately Coupling Photocatalysis and Biodegradation (ICPB) presents a promising solution. However, there is still debate about the effectiveness of ICPB in reducing nitrate under hypotrophic conditions. Further research is needed to understand its microbial metabolic mechanism and the functional changes in bacterial structure. Here we explored microbial metabolic mechanisms and changes in bacterial structure in ICPB reactors integrating a meticulously screened TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with biofilm. We achieved a 26.3% increase in nitrate reduction using 12.2% less organic carbon compared to traditional biodegradation methods. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial communities in ICPB reactors revealed evolving metabolic pathways conducive to nitrate reduction. This research not only elucidates the photocatalytic mechanism behind nitrate reduction in hypotrophic conditions but also provides genomic insights that pave the way for alternative approaches in water remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Xue
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Lingxiu Peng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Waheed Iqbal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yanping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
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Lykos C, Bairamis F, Efthymiou C, Konstantinou I. Synthesis and Characterization of Composite WO 3 Fibers/g-C 3N 4 Photocatalysts for the Removal of the Insecticide Clothianidin in Aquatic Media. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1045. [PMID: 38921921 PMCID: PMC11206630 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a prominent alternative wastewater treatment technique that has the potential to completely degrade pesticides as well as other persistent organic pollutants, leading to detoxification of wastewater and thus paving the way for its efficient reuse. In addition to the more conventional photocatalysts (e.g., TiO2, ZnO, etc.) that utilize only UV light for activation, the interest of the scientific community has recently focused on the development and application of visible light-activated photocatalysts like g-C3N4. However, some disadvantages of g-C3N4, such as the high recombination rate of photogenerated charges, limit its utility. In this light, the present study focuses on the synthesis of WO3 fibers/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunctions to improve the efficiency of g-C3N4 towards the photocatalytic removal of the widely used insecticide clothianidin. The effect of two different g-C3N4 precursors (urea and thiourea) and of WO3 fiber content on the properties of the synthesized composite materials was also investigated. All aforementioned materials were characterized by a number of techniques (XRD, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, DRS, etc.). According to the results, mixing 6.5% W/W WO3 fibers with either urea or thiourea derived g-C3N4 significantly increased the photocatalytic activity of the resulting composites compared to the precursor materials. In order to further elucidate the effect of the most efficient composite photocatalyst in the degradation of clothianidin, the generated transformation products were tentatively identified through UHPLC tandem high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Finally, the detoxification effect of the most efficient process was also assessed by combining the results of an in-vitro methodology and the predictions of two in-silico tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Lykos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Feidias Bairamis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Christina Efthymiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Sahoo S, Mahamallik P, Das R, Panigrahi S. A critical review on non-metal doped g-C 3N 4 based photocatalyst for organic pollutant remediation with sustainability assessment by life cycle analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119390. [PMID: 38879105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is recognized to be one of the most promising ways to address energy and environmental issues by utilizing visible light. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), with a moderate band gap (∼2.7 eV) has been the flashpoint in environmental photocatalysis as it can work better under visible light, can be synthesized by a facile synthesis process using low-cost materials, thermally and chemically stable. Still the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 is not satisfactory because of certain limitations such as insufficient visible light absorption capacity, low electron-hole separation efficiency, high recombination rate, poor surface area. Introduction of doping, band structure engineering, defecting and designing of heterojunction, composites etc. were investigated to amplify its applications. Among all these modifications, elemental doping is a suitable and successful alternative for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity by changing the optical and electronic properties. This review emphasizes on advancement and trends of elemental doping and its application on photocatalytic organic pollutant remediation in aqueous medium. The fundamental photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysis and specifically g-C3N4-based photocatalysis have been discussed. The benfits of non-metal doping, enhanced photocatalytic performance by doping element, mechanism invloved in doping, advantages of co-doping has been explained. Mono, bi, and tri non-metal doped g-C3N4 and their application for the removal of organic pollutants from water medium by visible light photocatalysis has been summerized. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of photocatalytic system has been highlighted. Future research should focus on the large-scale application of the photocatalysis process considering the economic aspects. A rigorous life cycle assessment for deploying the non-metal doped g-C3N4-based photocatalysis technology for successful commercial application is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalaxmi Sahoo
- Water and Wastewater Research Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prateeksha Mahamallik
- Water and Wastewater Research Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), 799046, Agartala, India
| | - Sagarika Panigrahi
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), 799046, Agartala, India
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Hieu NH, An H, Vu NH, Tai LP, Dat NM, Duc NK, Hai ND, Nam NTH, Huong LM, Cong CQ, Tai LT. Premise setting for sustainable developing adsorption in environmental remediation using graphitic carbon nitride@agar-derived porous carbon composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131760. [PMID: 38663693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In the adsorption process for wastewater treatment, the adsorbent plays an important role. A composite adsorptive material composed of graphitic carbon nitride and agar-derived porous carbon (CNPC) was fabricated from simple precursors (melamine, thiourea, and agar) and through a facile procedure with different melamine and thiourea ratios. Characterization of CNPC proved a successful formation of a porous structure consisting of mesopores and macropores, wherein CNPC holds distinctive electrochemical (lowered resistance and higher specific capacity) and photochemical properties (lowered bandgap to 2.33 eV) thanks to the combination of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) and agar-derived porous carbon (PC). Inheriting the immanent nature, CNPC was subjected to the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solution. The highest adsorption capacity was 133 mg/g for CNPC-4 which was prepared using a melamine to thiourea ratio of 4:4 - equivalent to the removal rate of 53.2 % and following the pseudo-I-order reaction rate. The effect of pH points out that pH 7 and 9 were susceptible to maximum removal and pretreatment is not required while the optimal ratio of 7.5 mg of MB and 30 mg of material was also determined to yield the highest performance. Furthermore, the reusability of the material for three consecutive cycles was evaluated based on two methods pyrolysis at 200 °C and photocatalytic degradation by irradiation under visible light. In general, the photocatalytic regeneration pathway is more ample and efficient than pyrolysis in terms of energy efficiency (saving energy over 10 times) and adsorption capacity stability. As a whole, the construction of accessible regenerative and stable adsorbent could be a venturing step into the sustainable development spearhead for industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Hoang An
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hung Vu
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Phuoc Tai
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Dat
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngo Khanh Duc
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duy Hai
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Hoai Nam
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Minh Huong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Che Quang Cong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Tan Tai
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Sedighi RE, Behzad M, Azizi N. Metallosalen modified carbon nitride a versatile and reusable catalyst for environmentally friendly aldehyde oxidation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8498. [PMID: 38605107 PMCID: PMC11009278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly catalysts for organic transformations is of great importance in the field of green chemistry. Aldehyde oxidation reactions play a crucial role in various industrial processes, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. This paper presents the synthesis and evaluation of a new metallosalen carbon nitride catalyst named Co(salen)@g-C3N4. The catalyst was prepared by doping salicylaldehyde onto carbon nitride, and subsequently, incorporating cobalt through Schiff base chemistry. The Co(salen)@g-C3N4 catalyst was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, after modification with salicylaldehyde, the carbon nitride component of the catalyst exhibited remarkable yields (74-98%) in oxidizing various aldehyde derivatives (20 examples) to benzoic acid. This oxidation reaction was carried out under mild conditions and resulted in short reaction times (120-300 min). Importantly, the catalyst demonstrated recyclability, as it could be reused for five consecutive runs without any loss of activity. The reusable nature of the catalyst, coupled with its excellent yields in oxidation reactions, makes it a promising and sustainable option for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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Li L, Zhang H, Ye F, Xiao Z, Zeng Z, Li H, Ahmad M, Wang S, Zhang Q. Few-Layer Meets Crystalline Structure: Collaborative Efforts for Improving Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Generation over Carbon Nitride. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17506-17516. [PMID: 38538567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Although the conversion of O2 and H2O to H2O2 over graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been realized by means of the photocatalytic process, the catalytic activity of pristine g-C3N4 is still restricted by the rapid charge recombination and inadequate exposure of the active site. In this work, we propose a straightforward strategy to solve these limitations by decreasing the thickness and improving the crystallinity of g-C3N4, resulting in the preparation of few-layered crystalline carbon nitride (FL-CCN). Benefiting from the minimal thickness and highly ordered in-plane triangular cavities within the structure, FL-CCN processes an extended π-conjugated system with a reduced charge transfer resistance and expanded specific surface area. These features accelerate the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation in FL-CCN and contribute to explore of its surface active sites. Consequently, FL-CCN exhibits a significantly improved H2O2 evolution rate (63.95 μmol g-1 h-1), which is 7.8 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4 (8.15 μmol g-1 h-1), during the photocatalytic conversion of O2 and H2O. This systematic investigation offers valuable insights into the mechanism of photocatalytic H2O2 generation and the development of efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhourong Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhenxing Zeng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Houfen Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuaijie Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Das S, Ng LS, Chong C, Pereira V, Li H, Lee CLK, Lee HK. Effective Interfacing of Surface Homojunctions on Chemically Identical g-C 3N 4 for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis without Sacrificial Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400780. [PMID: 38554020 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient homojunctions on g-C3N4 promises metal-free photocatalysis to realize truly sustainable artificial photosynthesis. However, current designs are limited by hindered charge separation due to inevitable grain boundaries and random formation of ineffective homojunctions embedded within the photocatalyst. Here, efficient photocatalysis is driven by introducing effective surface homojunctions on chemically and structurally identical g-C3N4 through leveraging its size-dependent electronic properties. Using a top-down approach, the surface layer of bulk g-C3N4 is partially exfoliated to create sheet-like g-C3N4 nanostructures on the bulk material. This hierarchical design establishes a subtle band energy offset between the macroscopic and nanoscopic g-C3N4, generating homojunctions while maintaining the chemical and structural integrities of the original g-C3N4. The optimized g-C3N4 homojunction demonstrates superior photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutants at >96% efficiency in 2 h, even in different real water samples. It achieves reaction kinetics (≈0.041 min-1) up to fourfold better than standalone materials and their physical mixture. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance of the unique design in boosting photocatalysis by effectively promoting interfacial photocarrier manipulation and utilization directly at the point-of-catalysis, without needing co-catalysts or sacrificial agents. This work presents enormous opportunities for developing advanced and green photocatalytic platforms for sustainable light-driven environmental, energy, and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Li Shiuan Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Carice Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Veronica Pereira
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Lik Ken Lee
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, E8, 1 Engineering drive 3, Singapore, 117580, Singapore
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8
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Gupta S, Kumar R. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of the N-rGO/g-C 3N 4 nanocomposite for efficient solar-driven water remediation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6109-6131. [PMID: 38444302 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and analysis of a photocatalyst made from a combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) through a simple hydrothermal process. The effectiveness of the N-rGO/g-C3N4 heterostructure in photocatalysis was examined by studying the breakdown of different types of organic pollutants, such as cationic and anionic dyes, as well as antibiotics, under simulated solar light irradiation. Due to the presence of Schottky junctions formed between rGO and g-C3N4, the electron transfer process is significantly enhanced, leading to a reduction in the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. As a result, the photocatalytic activity of the rGO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst is significantly higher compared to that of g-C3N4 alone. The photocatalytic performance was further augmented through the nitrogen doping of rGO, which led to an increase in conductivity due to electron doping and an enhancement in the charge separation process. The heterojunction of rGO/g-C3N4 with an optimum concentration of 60% rGO attained a degradation efficiency of 98.7% for rhodamine B (RhB) dye after 50 minutes of light irradiation. In comparison, the nitrogen-doped photocatalyst (N-rGO/g-C3N4) achieved a photodegradation efficiency of 99.99% within 30 minutes. The reaction rate constant of the N-rGO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was found to be 0.11 min-1 using pseudo first-order rate kinetics. This value is about 16 times more than that of pure g-C3N4 (0.007 min-1) for the degradation of rhodamine B. Additionally, N-rGO/g-C3N4 effectively degraded various contaminants, such as methylene blue, methyl orange, and tetracycline hydrochloride. The paper also addresses the photocatalytic mechanism, which entails the facilitated movement of electrons and holes produced by light, owing to the alignment of energy bands at the interface of the N-rGO/g-C3N4 heterojunction. These findings contribute to the advancement of a metal-free and porous photocatalyst that is highly interconnected and can be used for waste water treatment and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh-123031, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh-123031, India.
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Jian M, Xue P, Zhang X, Xing Y, Ma L, Lv X, Shi K. Enhanced performance of acridine degradation and power generation by microbial fuel cell with g-C 3N 4/PANI-DA/CF anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:141752. [PMID: 38508465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has attracted much attention in treating organic wastewater due to its double functions of degrading organics and generating electricity with microorganisms as biocatalysts. Unfortunately, some organics with biological toxicity such as acridine could inhibit the growth and activity of the microorganisms on the anode so that the double functions of MFC would recede. Enhancing microbial activity by using new biocompatible materials as anodes is prospective to solve problem. A novel anode was achieved by electrodepositing g-C3N4 sheets to the carbon felt (CF) modified with polyaniline-dopamine composite film, and used to treat wastewater containing acridine for the first time. After the operation of 13 d, MFC loading with the composite anode showed a degradation efficiency of 98.3% in 150 mg L-1 acridine, while that of CF-MFC was 55.8%. Moreover, MFC loading the modified anode obtained a maximum power density of 1976 ± 47 mW m-2, 140.1% higher than that of CF-MFC. Further analysis revealed that the functional microorganisms associated with acridine degradation such as Achromobacter and Alcaligenes were enriched on the g-C3N4/PANI-DA/CF anode. Moreover, the composite anode could improve the activity of microorganisms and elicit them to generate conductive nanowires, which was beneficial to transferring electrons from microbes to anode over long distances, suggesting a promising prospect application in MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Jian
- National Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China; Ningxia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Yinchuan, 750200, PR China
| | - Ping Xue
- National Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China.
| | - Xingjun Zhang
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Yinchuan, 750200, PR China
| | - Yaqin Xing
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Yinchuan, 750200, PR China
| | - Lan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Yinchuan, 750200, PR China
| | - Keren Shi
- National Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China
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10
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Yan Z, Zhang L, Sang Y, Li D, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Y. Polymer carbon nitride nanosheet-based lamellar membranes inspired by "couple hardness with softness" for ultrafast molecular separation in organic solvents. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:923-929. [PMID: 38180454 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01571h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Membranes with ultrafast molecular separation ability in organic solvents can offer unprecedented opportunities for efficient and low-cost solvent recovery in industry. Herein, a graphene-like polymer carbon nitride nanosheet (PCNN) with a low-friction surface was applied as the main membrane building block to boost the ultrafast transport of the solvent. Meanwhile, inspired by the concept of "couple hardness with softness", soft and flexible graphene oxide (GO) was chosen to fix the random stack of the rigid PCNN and tailor the lamellar structure of the PCNN membrane. The optimal PCNN/GO lamellar membrane shows a remarkable methanol permeance of 435.5 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 (four times higher than that of the GO membrane) while maintaining a high rejection for reactive black (RB, 98.9% in ethanol). Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to elucidate the ultrafast transport mechanism of the PCNN/GO membrane. This study reveals that PCNN is a promising building block for lamellar membranes and may open up new avenues for high-performance molecular separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liuqian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yudong Sang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongyang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Dharmarajan NP, Vidyasagar D, Yang JH, Talapaneni SN, Lee J, Ramadass K, Singh G, Fawaz M, Kumar P, Vinu A. Bio-Inspired Supramolecular Self-Assembled Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306895. [PMID: 37699553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast production of hydrogen and oxygen in large amounts at an economic rate is the need of the hour to cater to the needs of the most awaited hydrogen energy, a futuristic renewable energy solution. Production of hydrogen through simple water splitting via visible light photocatalytic approach using sunlight is considered as one of the most promising and sustainable approaches for generating clean fuels. For this purpose, a variety of catalytic techniques and novel catalysts have been investigated. Among these catalysts, carbon nitride is presently deemed as one of the best candidates for the visible light photocatalysis due to its unique molecular structure and adequate visible-range bandgap. Its bandgap can be further engineered by structural and morphological manipulation or by doping/hybridization. Among numerous synthetic approaches for carbon nitrides, supramolecular self-assembly is one of the recently developed elegant bottom-up strategies as it is bio-inspired and provides a facile and eco-friendly route to synthesize high surface area carbon nitride with superior morphological features and other semiconducting and catalytic properties. The current review article broadly covers supramolecular self-assembly synthesis of carbon nitride nanostructures and their photocatalytic water-splitting applications and provides a comprehensive outlook on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithinraj Panangattu Dharmarajan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- Material Science & Engineering Department, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Yang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammed Fawaz
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
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12
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Shahin R, Yadav RK, Verma RK, Singh C, Singh S, Kim TW, Gupta NK, Baeg JO. Revolutionizing carbon chemistry: Solar-powered C(sp 3 )-N bond activation and CO 2 transformation via newly designed SBE-Y cutting-edge dynamic photocatalyst. Photochem Photobiol 2023. [PMID: 38102890 DOI: 10.1111/php.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-free sulfur-bridge-eosin-Y (SBE-Y) polymeric framework photocatalyst was prepared for the first time through an in situ thermal polymerization route using elemental sulfur (S8 ) as a bridge. The addition of a sulfur bridge to the polymeric framework structure resulted in an allowance of the harvesting range of eosin-Y (E-Y) for solar light. This shows that a wider range of solar light can be used by the bridge material's photocatalytic reactions. In this context, supercharged solar spectrum: enhancing light absorption and hole oxidation with sulfur bridges. This suggests that the excited electrons and holes through solar light can contribute to oxidation-reduction reactions more potently. As a result, the photocatalyst-enzyme attached artificial photosynthesis system developed using SBE-Y as a photocatalyst performs exceptionally well, resulting in high 1,4-NADH regeneration (86.81%), followed by its utilization in the exclusive production of formic acid (210.01 μmol) from CO2 and synthesis of fine chemicals with 99.9% conversion yields. The creation of more effective photocatalytic materials for environmental clean-up and other applications that depend on the solar light-driven absorption spectrum of inorganic and organic molecules could be one of the practical ramifications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Shahin
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Verma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, India
| | - Chandani Singh
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo University, Muan-gun, Korea
| | - Navneet K Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jin OoK Baeg
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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13
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Torres-Pinto A, Velo-Gala I, Ribeirinho-Soares S, Nunes OC, Silva CG, Faria JL, Silva AMT. Novel photoelectrochemical 3D-system for water disinfection by deposition of modified carbon nitride on vitreous carbon foam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117019. [PMID: 37652219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is an optical semiconductor with excellent photoactivity under visible light irradiation. It has been widely applied for organic micropollutant removal from contaminated water, and less investigated for microorganisms' inactivation. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism using GCN is attributed to a series of reactions with reactive oxygen species and photogenerated holes that can be boosted by modifying its physical-chemical structure. This work reports a successful improvement of the overall photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities of the pristine material by thermal and chemical modification by a copolymerisation synthesis method. The copolymerisation of dicyandiamide as a precursor with barbituric acid strongly reduced photoluminescence due to the enhanced charge separation thus improving the catalyst efficiency under visible light irradiation. The material with 1.6 wt% of barbituric acid showed the best photocatalytic performance and electrochemical properties. This photocatalyst was selected for immobilisation on a conductive carbon foam, which promotes a higher electrochemical active surface area and enhanced mass transfer. This three-dimensional metal-free electrode was employed for the photoelectrochemical inactivation of two different microorganisms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, obtaining removals below the detection limit after 30 min in simulated faecal-contaminated waters. This photoelectrochemical reactor was also applied to treat polluted river and urban waste waters, and the faecal contamination indicators were vastly reduced to values below the detection limit in 60 min in both cases, showing the wide applicability of this innovative photoelectrode for different types of polluted aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Torres-Pinto
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Velo-Gala
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Sara Ribeirinho-Soares
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Maged S, El-Borady OM, El-Hosainy H, El-Kemary M. Efficient photocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol under visible light irradiation based on Ag NPs loaded brown 2D g-C 3N 4 / g-C 3N 4 QDs nanocomposite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117909-117922. [PMID: 37874512 PMCID: PMC10682077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, low-cost graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) revealed high photocatalytic activities and provided solutions to environmental pollution. In this study, we synthesized brown mesoporous 2D g-C3N4 by calcination dicyandiamide with pluronic P123. This is followed by loading of Ag NPs on the prepared 2D g-C3N4 by photodeposition process. After that, a ternary composite 2% Ag/ 2D g-C3N4 / g-C3N4 QDs heterojunction photocatalyst has been successfully prepared. The prepared nanomaterials were comprehensively characterized by various analysis techniques such as XRD, UV-Vis., BET, XPS, SEM, TEM. This new system exhibited a large surface area with porous structure and a wide absorption of visible light. The results verified that Ag NPs decoration enhanced the charge separation of photo-generated carriers of g-C3N4 2D and g-C3N4 QDs, promote significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity for reduction of p-nitrophenol with a rate constant (k) value of 0.49729 / min in 6 min. This rate is about two-fold higher than that observed for pure g-C3N4 2D and g-C3N4 QDs as well as shows an improvement compared to 2% Ag/ g-C3N4 2D and g-C3N4 2D/ g-C3N4 QDs. The results open the door to design highly efficient 2D/0D nanocomposite photocatalysts for a wide variety of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Maged
- Nano Sensor Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ola M El-Borady
- Nano Sensor Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hamza El-Hosainy
- Nano Sensor Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Nano Sensor Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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15
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Panthi G, Park M. Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide-Based Z-Scheme and S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for the Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15021. [PMID: 37834469 PMCID: PMC10573564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free polymer semiconductor, has been recognized as an attractive photocatalytic material for environmental remediation because of its low band gap, high thermal and photostability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity, low cost, biocompatibility, and optical and electrical efficiency. However, g-C3N4 has been reported to suffer from many difficulties in photocatalytic applications, such as a low specific surface area, inadequate visible-light utilization, and a high charge recombination rate. To overcome these difficulties, the formation of g-C3N4 heterojunctions by coupling with metal oxides has triggered tremendous interest in recent years. In this regard, zinc oxide (ZnO) is being largely explored as a self-driven semiconductor photocatalyst to form heterojunctions with g-C3N4, as ZnO possesses unique and fascinating properties, including high quantum efficiency, high electron mobility, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and a simple synthetic procedure. The synergistic effect of its properties, such as adsorption and photogenerated charge separation, was found to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterojunctions. Hence, this review aims to compile the strategies for fabricating g-C3N4/ZnO-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic systems with enhanced performance and overall stability for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, with reference to the reported system, the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/ZnO-based heterojunction photocatalysts and their charge-transfer pathways on the interface surface are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Panthi
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
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16
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Azizi N, Farzaneh F, Farhadi E. Streamlining efficient and selective synthesis of benzoxanthenones and xanthenes with dual catalysts on a single support. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16469. [PMID: 37777606 PMCID: PMC10542355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using two catalysts on a single support can improve reaction efficiency, higher yields, improved selectivity, and simplified reaction conditions, making it a valuable approach for industrial transformation. Herein, we describe the development of a novel and effective heterogeneous catalyst, WCl6/CuCl2, supported on graphitic carbon nitride (W/Cu@g-C3N4), which was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The structure and morphology properties of the W/Cu@g-C3N4 were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR, XRD, TEM, TGA, EDX, and SEM. The W/Cu@g-C3N4 support material enabled the rapid and efficient synthesis of benzoxanthenones and xanthenes derivatives in high yields under mild reaction conditions and short reaction times. The W/Cu@g-C3N4 catalyst was also found to be easily recyclable, and its catalytic performance did not significantly decrease after five times use. The findings suggest that W/Cu@g-C3N4 is a promising chemical synthesis catalyst with significant implications for sustainable and cost-effective organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fezzeh Farzaneh
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Paul DR, Sharma R, Rao VS, Panchal P, Gautam S, Sharma A, Nehra SP. Mg/Li@GCN as highly active visible light responding 2D photocatalyst for wastewater remediation application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98540-98547. [PMID: 35666418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly visible light responding 2D photocatalytic material has been prepared and analysed for its potential for photodegradation of organic pollutants. The pristine GCN has been co-doped with Mg/Li using the facile synthesis route. The prepared photocatalytic materials were then analysed using characterisation techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis. The prepared samples were analysed for photocatalytic degradation analysis towards methylene blue dye. The apparent rate constant value increased up to 5.4 times in the case of the GCNML (0.5,2) sample in comparison to GCNP. In addition, the GCNML (0.5,2) sample was also analysed for degradation of crystal violet (CV) (97% in 80 min), rose bengal (RB) (84% in 120 min) and methyl orange (MO) (45% in 120 min) dyes. The result obtained from the study confirmed that GCNML (0.5,2) can act as a potential photocatalyst for wastewater remediation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Rattan Paul
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Vikrant Singh Rao
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Shubham Gautam
- Materials Research Center, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology (SoET), Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, 123031, India
| | - Satya Pal Nehra
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India.
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18
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NATARAJAN P, KARAPINAR KOÇ B, METİN Ö. A facile tert-butyl nitrite-assisted preparation of deamino graphitic carbon nitride (DA-gCN) as a photocatalyst for the C-H arylation of heteroarenes using anilines as radical source. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1195-1208. [PMID: 38173759 PMCID: PMC10760845 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In pristine graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), amino groups often function as structural defects that trap photogenerated charges, resulting in low photocatalytic activity as well as reaction with nitrite, aldehyde, etc., ensuing in poor product yield. Without significantly altering the optical characteristics, the removal of amino groups is necessary to increase the photocatalytic activity and structural stability of pristine g-CN. The deamino graphitic carbon nitride (DA-gCN-5) was prepared by tert-butyl nitrite (TBN)-treatment, characterized and used as a photocatalyst for the radical C-H arylation of heteroarenes using anilines as radical source. Indeed, the photophysical characteristics of DA-gCN-5 and those of pristine g-CN are very comparable, except that DA-gCN-5 has a fewer residual amino groups, higher crystallinity, and compressed structure with a different morphology. Moreover, DA-gCN-5-catalyzed C-H arylation reaction offers greater product yield in a shorter reaction time compared to that of pristine g-CN in the coupling between heteroarenes and the in situ generated aryl diazonium salts from anilines under visible light irradiation. The amino groups in pristine g-CN absorbed the TBN that was added to convert aniline into the appropriate diazonium ions during the reaction. As a result, deamino graphitic carbon nitride produced by chemical treatment has better photophysical properties and catalytic activity than pristine g-CN. Additionally, this is the first method that uses diazotization reaction for the preparation of deamino graphitic carbon nitride, as far as we are aware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani NATARAJAN
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Koç University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh,
India
| | | | - Önder METİN
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Koç University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), İstanbul,
Turkiye
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19
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Kumar N, Kumari M, Ismael M, Tahir M, Sharma RK, Kumari K, Koduru JR, Singh P. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4)-assisted materials for the detection and remediation of hazardous gases and VOCs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116149. [PMID: 37209982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials are attracting attention for their unique properties, such as low-cost, chemical stability, facile synthesis, adjustable electronic structure, and optical properties. These facilitate the use of g-C3N4 to design better photocatalytic and sensing materials. Environmental pollution by hazardous gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be monitored and controlled using eco-friendly g-C3N4- photocatalysts. Firstly, this review introduces the structure, optical and electronic properties of C3N4 and C3N4 assisted materials, followed by various synthesis strategies. In continuation, binary and ternary nanocomposites of C3N4 with metal oxides, sulfides, noble metals, and graphene are elaborated. g-C3N4/metal oxide composites exhibited better charge separation that leads to enhancement in photocatalytic properties. g-C3N4/noble metal composites possess higher photocatalytic activities due to the surface plasmon effects of metals. Ternary composites by the presence of dual heterojunctions improve properties of g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic application. In the later part, we have summarised the application of g-C3N4 and its assisted materials for sensing toxic gases and VOCs and decontaminating NOx and VOCs by photocatalysis. Composites of g-C3N4 with metal and metal oxide give comparatively better results. This review is expected to bring a new sketch for developing g-C3N4-based photocatalysts and sensors with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Mohammed Ismael
- Electrical energy storage system, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kavitha Kumari
- Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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20
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Xie L, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Du T, Wang R, Wang J. Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on g-C 3 N 4 : The Road of a Cost-Effective Clean Fuel Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301007. [PMID: 37066714 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging artificial photosynthesis promises to offer a competitive means for solar energy conversion and further solves the energy crisis facing the world. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which is considered as a benign oxidant and a prospective liquid fuel, has received worldwide attention in the field of artificial photosynthesis on account of the source materials are just oxygen, water, and sunlight. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 )-based photocatalysts for H2 O2 generation have attracted extensive research interest due to the intrinsic properties of g-C3 N4 . In this review, research processes for H2 O2 generation on the basis of g-C3 N4 , including development, fabrication, merits, and disadvantages, and the state-of-the-art methods to enhance the performance are summarized after a brief introduction and the mechanism analysis of an efficient catalytic system. Also, recent applications of g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts for H2 O2 production are reviewed, and the significance of active sites and synthetic pathways are highlighted from the view of reducing barriers. Finally, this paper ends with some concluding remarks to reveal the issues and opportunities of g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts for producing H2 O2 in a high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, USA
| | - Yiyue Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ting Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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21
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Long B, He H, Yu Y, Cai W, Gu Q, Yang J, Meng S. Bifunctional Hot Water Vapor Template-Mediated Synthesis of Nanostructured Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. Molecules 2023; 28:4862. [PMID: 37375417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating bulk polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) into nanostructured PCN has long been proven effective in enhancing its photocatalytic activity. However, simplifying the synthesis of nanostructured PCN remains a considerable challenge and has drawn widespread attention. This work reported the one-step green and sustainable synthesis of nanostructured PCN in the direct thermal polymerization of the guanidine thiocyanate precursor via the judicious introduction of hot water vapor's dual function as gas-bubble templates along with a green etching reagent. By optimizing the temperature of the water vapor and polymerization reaction time, the as-prepared nanostructured PCN exhibited a highly boosted visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. The highest H2 evolution rate achieved was 4.81mmol∙g-1∙h-1, which is over four times larger than that of the bulk PCN (1.19 mmol∙g-1∙h-1) prepared only by thermal polymerization of the guanidine thiocyanate precursor without the assistance of bifunctional hot water vapor. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be attributed to the enlarged BET specific surface area, increased active site quantity, and highly accelerated photo-excited charge-carrier transfer and separation. Moreover, the sustainability of this environmentally friendly hot water vapor dual-function mediated method was also shown to be versatile in preparing other nanostructured PCN photocatalysts derived from other precursors such as dicyandiamide and melamine. This work is expected to provide a novel pathway for exploring the rational design of nanostructured PCN for highly efficient solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Long
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Hongmei He
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Quan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Sugang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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22
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Mao X, Guo R, Chen Q, Zhu H, Li H, Yan Z, Guo Z, Wu T. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Electro-Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083292. [PMID: 37110526 PMCID: PMC10146859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction is an effective means of combating the greenhouse effect caused by massive carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon nitride in the graphitic phase (g-C3N4) has excellent chemical stability and unique structural properties that allow it to be widely used in energy and materials fields. However, due to its relatively low electrical conductivity, to date, little effort has been made to summarize the application of g-C3N4 in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. This review focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of g-C3N4 and the recent advances of its application as a catalyst and a catalyst support in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The modification of g-C3N4-based catalysts for enhanced CO2 reduction is critically reviewed. In addition, opportunities for future research on g-C3N4-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Mao
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ruitang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quhan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huiwen Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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23
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One-step nitrogen defect engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for visible light-driven photocatalytic O 2 reduction to H 2O 2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:138-147. [PMID: 36535153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is an important metal-free photocatalyst for visible light-driven hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production from O2 reduction. Herein, we synthesized the DPCN catalysts possessing nitrogen defects by one-step thermal polymerization of urea in N2 stream. As compared to the PCN conventionally synthesized in static air, X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS) characterization disclosed that there are more pyridinic N defects in the DPCN catalysts, which is attributed to the removal of a proportion of NH3 released from urea pyrolysis by flowing N2. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), Mott-Schottky, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterizations revealed that the introduction of the nitrogen defects narrows down the band gap, improves the density of the photoexcited charge carriers, prolongs the lifetime of the charge carriers, and enhances the charge transfer efficiency. In visible light-driven photocatalytic O2 reduction to H2O2, the optimal DPCN catalyst afforded an activity of 4.35 times that of the PCN catalyst and a H2O2 concentration of 2.83 mmol L-1 after 10 h of visible light irradiation. This one-step thermal polymerization approach is valid when replacing N2 stream with Ar and He streams.
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24
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Zhou T, Wei H, Xiao B, Lv T, Duan L, Lu Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Anchored Cu single atoms on porous g-C 3N 4 for superior photocatalytic H 2 evolution from water splitting. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8915-8922. [PMID: 36936854 PMCID: PMC10020988 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising strategies for producing hydrogen is photocatalytic water splitting, in which the photocatalyst is a key component. Among many semiconductor photocatalysts, g-C3N4 has attracted great attention due to its narrow band gap, excellent stability and low cost. However, practical application is limited by its poor intrinsic activity. In this work, a high-performance porous g-C3N4 (PCN) photocatalyst with anchored Cu single atoms (CuSAs) was synthesized by a one-step co-heating approach. The obtained Cu1.5-PCN displays an excellent hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 2142.4 μmol h-1 g-1 under visible light (=420 nm), which is around 15 and 109 times higher than those of PCN and bulk g-C3N4, respectively. In addition, it also shows good stability during H2 evolution. The results of experimental research and DFT simulations indicate that the single Cu ions formed bonds with the N-ring and these remain stable. Meanwhile, the special electronic structure of the Cu-N charge bridge extends the light absorption band to the visible-light region (380-700 nm). This high-performance and low-cost photocatalyst has great potential in solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Haitang Wei
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Bin Xiao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Tianping Lv
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Liangfei Duan
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Qingjie Lu
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Yumin Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
| | - Qingju Liu
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China +86-871 65032713
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25
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Xing F, Wang C, Liu S, Jin S, Jin H, Li J. Interfacial Chemical Bond Engineering in a Direct Z-Scheme g-C 3N 4/MoS 2 Heterojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11731-11740. [PMID: 36821726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Z-scheme heterojunction shows great potential in photocatalysis due to its superior carrier separation efficiency and strong photoredox properties. However, how to regulate the charge separation at the nanometric interface of heterostructures still remains a challenge. Here, we take g-C3N4 and MoS2 as models and design the Mo-N chemical bond, which connects exactly the CB of MoS2 and VB of g-C3N4. Thus, the Mo-N bond could act as an atomic-level interfacial "bridge" that provides a direct migration path of charge carriers between g-C3N4 and MoS2. Experiments confirmed that the Mo-N bond and the internal electric field promote greatly the photogenerated carrier separation. The optimized photocatalyst exhibits a high hydrogen evolution rate that is about 19.6 times that of the pristine bulk C3N4. This study demonstrates the key role of an atomic-level interfacial chemical bond design in heterojunctions and provides a new idea for the design of efficient catalytic heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shiqiao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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26
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Xu K, Cui K, Cui M, Liu X, Chen X. Carbonyl heterocycle modified mesoporous carbon nitride in photocatalytic peroxydisulfate activation for enhanced ciprofloxacin removal: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130412. [PMID: 36403448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer carbon nitride is considered to be a promising photocatalyst with broad application prospects in water treatment. However, the defects of pristine polymer carbon nitride (PCN), such as small specific surface area, fast photogenerated electron-hole recombination, and low mass transfer efficiency, limit its photocatalytic activity. In this work, by introducing 2-thiouracil into the precursor, a carbonyl heterocycle-containing mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst (TCN) was successfully obtained with significantly enhanced peroxydisulfate (PDS) photocatalytic activity. In this study, the modulation mechanism of carbonyl heterocycle introduction on surface electronic structure and the band structure were fully discussed by means of a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations. The carbonyl and vicinal carbon-modified heterocycles dominated the electrons, while the adjacent heptazine ring dominated the holes. The photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination efficiency and the electron transition energy barrier were greatly reduced. According to the findings of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the introduction of carbonyl and vicinal C modulated the electronic structure of catalyst, enhanced the adsorption of PDS at the carbonyl ortho N site, which promoted the electronic interaction between TCN and PDS molecules. Experiments showed that the free radical pathway and non-radical pathway coexisted in TCN/PDS/Vis system. The reactive oxygen species were mainly derived from PDS molecules. DFT calculations provided a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the experimental results. This study provided a fresh perspective on the rational design of carbon nitride-based catalysts and the reaction mechanism of persulfate advanced oxidation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Minshu Cui
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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27
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Maximization of the photocatalytic degradation of Diclofenac using polymeric g-C3N4 by tuning the precursor and the synthetic protocol. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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28
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Shen M, Zhang X, Zhao S, Cai Y, Wang S. A novel photocatalytic system coupling metal-free Carbon/g-C 3N 4 catalyst with persulfate for highly efficient degradation of organic pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137728. [PMID: 36603679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A variety of photocatalytic systems have emerged as the effective methods for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this research, a novel photocatalytic system, named CNC-PDS has been proposed, which couples a metal-free carbon/g-C3N4 (CNC) photocatalyst with persulfate (PDS), and applied for efficient degradation of paracetamol (PCM) under simulated sunlight. The CNC-PDS system exhibited excellent photocatalytic capability, where the PCM was completely degraded in 40 min under simulated sunlight. The degradation rate of CNC-PDS system was 9.5 times compared with the g-C3N4 and PDS coupled systems. The CNC-PDS system can efficiently degrade other representative pollutants in neutral solutions, such as pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), azo dyes. The excellent catalytic activity of CNC-PDS system should be ascribed to the two aspects: a) the increased light absorption range led to more photo-induced electron-hole pairs generation compared with the original g-C3N4. Meanwhile, the charge separation efficiency of the CNC photocatalyst was drastically enhanced which was proved by the results of PL and EIS analysis. These results represented the carbon/g-C3N4 might offer more e- to promote PDS activation. b) The introduction of CO and the improved specific surface area provided more active sites for PDS activation. In addition, the EPR analysis and quenching experiments indicated that O2.-, h+ and 1O2 were the main active species for PCM in the CNC-PDS system under simulated sunlight, and the contribution order was O2.->1O2>h+. The degradation pathways of PCM in the CNC-PDS system are proposed based on the results of HPLC-MS. The novel CNC-PDS photocatalytic system has provided a viable option for treatment of contaminated water by organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yanpeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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29
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Photodegradation of cytostatic drugs by g-C3N4: synthesis, properties and performance fitted by selecting the appropriate precursor. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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30
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Phosphorus modified graphitic carbon nitride activated by guanidine phosphate enables fast, efficient and selective immobilization of aquatic lead. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Zhang M, Bao Y, Hou LA, Gao K, Yang Y. Will the photocatalytic ceramic membrane be the solution for the next generation of photocatalysis? - A comprehensive comparison between g-C3N4 powder and g-C3N4 modified ceramic membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Zhang A, Guo Y, Xie H, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Ye C, Du Y, Zhu M. Green and controllable synthesis of kelp-like carbon nitride nanosheets via an ultrasound-mediated self-assembly strategy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:397-408. [PMID: 35932676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of graphite carbon nitride photocatalysts is hampered by their low specific surface areas, few active sites, and low photogenerated electron-hole transfer rates. Here, we report a green and controllable strategy for synthesizing kelp-like carbon nitride nanosheets through self-assembled materials prepared from melamine and trithiocyanuric acid using sonochemistry. The prepared carbon nitride nanosheets showed superior and long-lasting photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution and the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride nanosheets is attributed to the curled porous nanosheet structure and the appropriate amount of O-doping. This work provides a new design strategy for preparing shape-controlled carbon nitride catalysts via a green, fast, sonochemically mediated self-assembly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Zhang
- College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Hao Xie
- College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yangping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yunzhi Fu
- College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
| | - Yukou Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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33
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Zhang L, Tu X, Han W, Chen L, Chen Y, Zheng H. The Efficient CO2 Fixation Catalyzed by Fe-Based Catalyst for Synthesizing Benzimidazoles. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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34
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Khan J, Sun Y, Han L. A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201013. [PMID: 36336653 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor-based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4 , HCOOH, and CH3 COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost-effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g-C3 N4 , the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g-C3 N4 -based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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35
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Embedding Aromatic Conjugated Monomer within Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction Reactions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Phoon BL, Husin JMB, Lee KC, Leo BF, Yang TCK, Lai CW, Juan JC. Crystallinity and lattice vacancies of different mesoporous g-C 3N 4 for photodegradation of tetracycline and its cytotoxic implication. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136219. [PMID: 36041523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic removal from water bodies is important to provide clean water and sanitation. Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) photocatalyst derived from three different types of precursors manages to remove TC effectively under visible light irradiation. Among urea, thiourea, and melamine precursors, melamine-prepared GCN (MGCN) via thermal polymerization has the highest efficiency to photodegrade tetracycline (TC) antibiotics up to 99.5% (0.0122 min-1) within 240 min. The COD for TC removal by using MGCN was up to 77.5% after 240 min of degradation. This is due to the slow charge recombination and rapid charge carrier migration. The MGCN encounters different properties such as high crystallinity, dense structure allowing fast charges migration, and nitrogen vacancies that create a defect state that suppresses charge recombination. It was found that the conduction band (CB) of MGCN was located at a more negative position (ECB = -0.33 V) than (O2/O2•-) and the valence band (VB) was placed at a more positive position (EVB = 2.30 V) than (H2O/OH•), which allows generation of both radicals for photodegradation. Based on the cell viability test, the photodegraded TC in the water how non-toxicity toward Balb/c 3T3 cells after being irradiated (λ > 420 nm) for 240 min under visible light. The MGCN prepared in this study demonstrated the highest effectiveness and recyclable photocatalyst for the removal of TC among all GCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Lee Phoon
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, IPS Building, Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juani Mazmin Binti Husin
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Center, SIRIM Berhad, 1, Persiaran Dato' Menteri, Section 2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Ching Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas C-K Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, IPS Building, Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, IPS Building, Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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37
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Shinde SB, Nille OS, Gore AH, Birajdar NB, Kolekar GB, Anbhule PV. Valorization of Waste Tungsten Filament into mpg-C 3N 4-WO 3 Photocatalyst: A Sustainable e-Waste Management and Wastewater Treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13543-13557. [PMID: 36282958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The waste of tungsten filament materials in the environment is one of the reasons for environmental pollution, and it is very dangerous to animals and plants. To date, not much attention has been given to its utility or recyclability. Herein, the present work reported the synthesis of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) by the utilization of cost-free waste tungsten filament by a simple calcination method. A mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride-tungsten trioxide (mpg-C3N4-WO3) composite designed from the WO3 NPs produced from tungsten filament waste and thiourea as a carbon and nitrogen precursor by a one-step calcination method. The synthesized samples were characterized and confirmed by different characterization techniques. The photocatalytic behavior of the synthesized mpg-C3N4-WO3 composite was assessed, with respect to the effect of initial pH, amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and reaction time, as well for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under sunlight. The best photocatalytic performance (92%) was achieved using mpg-C3N4-WO3 with experimental condition ([photocatalyst] = 100 mg/L, [MB]0 = 10 mg/L, pH 8, and time = 120 min) under sunlight irradiation with excellent photostability than that of isolated mpg-C3N4 and WO3 NPs. The histotoxicological studies also showed that the photodegraded products of MB were found to be nontoxic and did not structurally changes in the gill architecture as well as brain tissues of freshwater fish Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Shinde
- Medicinal Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omkar S Nille
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Tarsadia Institute of Chemical Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Nagesh B Birajdar
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Govind B Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant V Anbhule
- Medicinal Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
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38
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Obata K, Higashi T, Hasegawa M, Katayama M, Takanabe K. Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductors by Thermal Decomposition of Organosulfur and Organoselenium Compounds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201951. [PMID: 35931660 PMCID: PMC9804685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal chalcogenides - because of their excellent optical and electrical properties - are important semiconductor materials for optical devices, such as solar cells, sensors, and photocatalysts. The challenges associated with metal chalcogenides are the complexity of the conventional synthesis methods and the stringent synthesis conditions. In this study, the synthesis conditions were simplified in a solvent-free synthesis method using cadmium precursor, thiourea and selenium to synthesize metal chalcogenides, such as CdS and CdSe, which have particularly suitable band gaps for the optical devices. CdSx Se1-x solid solution was successfully synthesized under molten thiourea as the reactive reaction medium at relatively low temperatures, even at 180 °C, with residual melamine derivatives in the solid phase. The luminescence properties of CdSx Se1-x and the products in the gas and solid phases were investigated. Optimization of the synthesis conditions for solid solutions of CdSx Se1-x and the role of organic compounds in the formation of metal chalcogenides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obata
- Department of Chemical System EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higashi
- Institute for Tenure Track PromotionUniversity of MiyazakiNishi 1–1 Gakuen-KibanadaiMiyazaki889-2192Japan
| | - Motoki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemical System EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan
| | - Masao Katayama
- Department of Chemical System EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan,Environmental Science CenterThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan
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39
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Expeditious degradation of SMX by high-valent cobalt-oxo species derived from cobalt-doped C3N5-activated peroxymonosulfate with the assistance of visible light. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Meng S, Mi W, Liu J, Xu W, Kong X. Preparation of Titanium Dioxide/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrid and Its Catalytic Effect on Ammonium Perchlorate Decomposition. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Lin H, Xiao Y, Geng A, Bi H, Xu X, Xu X, Zhu J. Research Progress on Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Metal Oxide Composites: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12979. [PMID: 36361768 PMCID: PMC9658189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been reported for several decades, it is still an active material at the present time owing to its amazing properties exhibited in many applications, including photocatalysis. With the rapid development of characterization techniques, in-depth exploration has been conducted to reveal and utilize the natural properties of g-C3N4 through modifications. Among these, the assembly of g-C3N4 with metal oxides is an effective strategy which can not only improve electron-hole separation efficiency by forming a polymer-inorganic heterojunction, but also compensate for the redox capabilities of g-C3N4 owing to the varied oxidation states of metal ions, enhancing its photocatalytic performance. Herein, we summarized the research progress on the synthesis of g-C3N4 and its coupling with single- or multiple-metal oxides, and its photocatalytic applications in energy production and environmental protection, including the splitting of water to hydrogen, the reduction of CO2 to valuable fuels, the degradation of organic pollutants and the disinfection of bacteria. At the end, challenges and prospects in the synthesis and photocatalytic application of g-C3N4-based composites are proposed and an outlook is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junjiang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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42
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Dang TT, Nguyen TKA, Bhamu KC, Mahvelati-Shamsabadi T, Van VKH, Shin EW, Chung KH, Hur SH, Choi WM, Kang SG, Chung JS. Engineering Holey Defects on 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets by Solvolysis in Organic Solvents. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Truong Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - K. C. Bhamu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Vo Kim Hieu Van
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Koo-Hyun Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Hur
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Mook Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
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43
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Wang W, Xin X, An K, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Tan J, Yang D, Jiang Z. Bioinspired construction of g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction on carbonized poly(tannic acid) nanorod surface with multistep electron transfer path. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Chen L, Guo H, Tian L, Zhou SF. Molecular engineered graphitic carbon nitride with strong and stable electrochemiluminescence for immunosensing. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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45
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Rattan Paul D, Sharma R, Sharma A, Nehra SP. Li doped graphitic carbon nitride based solar light responding photocatalyst for organic water pollutants degradation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Roy R, Chacko AR, Abraham T, Korah BK, John BK, Punnoose MS, Mohan C, Mathew B. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitrides (g‐C
3
N
4
) as Photoluminescence Sensing Probe: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Anu Rose Chacko
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | | | - Binila K Korah
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Bony K John
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Mamatha Susan Punnoose
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Chitra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
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47
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Patil YN, Megalamani MB, Nandibewoor ST. Highly sensitive electro-oxidative voltammetric determination of anthelmintic drug albendazole using porous graphitic carbon nitride sensor infused with cationic micellar solution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115072. [PMID: 36166932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and novel electrochemical senser, acetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-immobilized nitrogen rich g-C3N4 nanosheet modified carbon paste electrode was developed, for the electrochemical investigation of the anthelmintic drug Albendazole (ABZ) using voltammetric tools like cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The results showed that the modified carbon paste electrode exhibited remarkable electro-catalytic action towards the electrochemical oxidation of ABZ in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 3 compared to bare carbon paste electrode. The electrode material was characterized by CV, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A highly sensitive square wave voltammetric technique was developed for the determination of ABZ, at a trace level with great precision and accuracy, good limit of detection (LOD) 0.01 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.036 µM, in the concentration range of 0.2-10 µM. This approach can be used in pharmaceutical formulations for clinical diagnosis, quality assurance, and drug screening. In addition, this technique is also implemented for the assessment of ABZ in water samples and biological samples like urine and blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvarajgouda N Patil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031. Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Megalamani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031. Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanappa T Nandibewoor
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031. Karnataka, India.
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48
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Photocatalytic Applications of g-C3N4 Based on Bibliometric Analysis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To further understand the application of g-C3N4 in the field of photocatalysis, this study focuses on the visualization and analysis of articles in this field using VOSviewer and Citespace. These articles were analyzed in terms of number of articles, journals, authors, countries and keywords, respectively. The results show that there is little collaboration among the core authors in this field and insufficient cross-directional communication; the current applications of g-C3N4 are concentrated on hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction and water treatment. The developing trend is in the direction of constructing Z-scheme structures, regulating the separation of photogenerated carriers and reducing the recombination rate, to which more and more attention is being paid. In the future, cross-directional communication among scholars can be strengthened to promote faster development of the field of photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4.
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49
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Azhar U, Bashir MS, Babar M, Arif M, Hassan A, Riaz A, Mujahid R, Sagir M, Suri SUK, Show PL, Chang JS, Khoo KS, Mubashir M. Template-based textural modifications of polymeric graphitic carbon nitrides towards waste water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134792. [PMID: 35533933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composite materials based on graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) are remarkably better semiconductors, but the inherent photocatalytic performance in its generic synthesis form is not up to the mark. Eminence efforts have been made to improve its performance and photocatalytic efficiencies. Recently, extensive investigations have been performed to develop their texturally modified and highly porous structures to get around the big flaws of bulk g-C3N4. One significant disadvantage is the increase in the polycondensation while preparation at 550 °C results in g-C3N4 materials with restricted specific surface area (SSA) (<10 m2/g) and no textured pores. Textural modification has emerged as an efficient and progressive way to improve optical and electronic characteristics. The final texture and shape of CN are influenced by the precursor's interaction with the template. Researchers are interested in developing CN materials with high SSA and changeable textural properties (pore volume and pore size). Based on the literature review it is concluded that the soft templating approach is relatively simple, and straightforward to induce textural changes in the g-CN type materials. This review focused on improving the textural properties of bulk g-C3N4 via templating method, and the major advances in the modified g-C3N4 materials for the treatment of wastewater. The procedures and mechanisms of numerous approaches with varying morphologies are thoroughly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Azhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Babar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Afaq Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rana Mujahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sagir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Ullah Khan Suri
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Centre for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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50
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Cruz ÁB, Francisco de Carvalho R, Silva TS, de Almeida Sarmento R, Cavallini GS, Pereira DH. Adsorptive capacity of a g-C3N4 matrix for thiamethoxam removal: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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