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Osama L, Handal HT, El-Sayed SAM, Elzayat EM, Mabrouk M. Fabrication and Optimisation of Alumina Nanoporous Membranes for Drug Delivery Applications: A Comparative Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1078. [PMID: 38998683 PMCID: PMC11243695 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders cause most physical and mental disabilities, and therefore require effective treatment. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents drug molecules from crossing from the blood to the brain, making brain drug delivery difficult. Implantable devices could provide sustained and regulated medication to solve this problem. Two electrolytes (0.3 M oxalic acid and 0.3 M sulphuric acid) were used to anodise Al2O3 nanoporous membranes, followed by a third anodisation in concentrated H2SO4 to separate the through-hole membranes from the aluminium substrate. FTIR, AFM, and SEM/EDX were used to characterise the membranes' structure and morphology. The effects of the anodisation time and electrolyte type on the AAO layer pore density, diameter, interpore distance, and thickness were examined. As a model drug for neurodegenerative disorders, donepezil hydrochloride (DHC) was loaded onto thin alumina nanoporous membranes. The DHC release profiles were characterised at two concentrations using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Oxalic acid membranes demonstrated an average pore diameter of 39.6-32.5 nm, which was two times larger than sulphuric acid membranes (22.6-19.7 nm). After increasing the anodisation time from 3 to 5 h, all of the membranes showed a reduction in pore diameter that was stable regardless of the electrolyte type or period. Drug release from oxalic acid-fabricated membranes was controlled and sustained for over 2 weeks. Thus, nanoporous membranes as implantable drug delivery systems could improve neurodegenerative disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamyaa Osama
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Center, 33El Bohouth St. (Former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Hala T Handal
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Sara A M El-Sayed
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Center, 33El Bohouth St. (Former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad M Elzayat
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Center, 33El Bohouth St. (Former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
- Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo P.O. Box 11516, Egypt
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2
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Yang L, Yin YD, Chen FF, Song XT, Li MC, Xu M, Gu ZY. Recognition of Oligonucleotide C by Polydopamine-Coated Solid-State Nanopores. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17347-17353. [PMID: 37970751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Selective recognition of short oligonucleotides at the single-molecule level is particularly important for early disease detection and treatment. In this work, polydopamine (PDA)-coated nanopores were prepared via self-polymerization as a solid-state nanopore sensing platform for the recognition of oligonucleotide C (PolyC). The PDA coating possesses abundant active sites, such as indole, amino, carboxyl, catechol, and quinone structures, which had interactions with short oligonucleotides to slow down the translocation rate. PDA-coated nanopores selectively interact with PolyC20 by virtue of differences in hydrogen bonding forces, generating a larger blocking current, while polyA and polyT demonstrated very small blockings. At the same time, PDA-coated nanopores can sensitively distinguish PolyC with different lengths, such as 20, 14, and 10 nt. The functionalization of PDA on the solid-state nanopore provides an opportunity for the rational design of the recognition surface for biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Dong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xi-Tong Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min-Chao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Lattice Boltzmann modeling and analysis of ceramic filtration with different pore structures. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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4
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Radu ER, Pandele AM, Tuncel C, Miculescu F, Voicu SI. Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/LDH Composite Membranes for Drug Delivery Application. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:179. [PMID: 36837682 PMCID: PMC9965179 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, composite membranes based on chitosan (CS), layered double hydroxide (LDH), and diclofenac were prepared via dispersing of LDH and diclofenac (DCF) in the chitosan matrix for gradual delivery of diclofenac sodium. The effect of using LDH in composites was compared to chitosan loaded with diclofenac membrane. LDH was added in order to develop a system with a long release of diclofenac sodium, which is used in inflammatory conditions as an anti-inflammatory drug. The prepared composite membranes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The results of the FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the obtaining of the composite membrane and the efficient incorporation of diclofenac. It was observed that the addition of LDH can increase the thermal stability of the composite membrane and favors the gradual release of diclofenac, highlighted by UV-Vis spectra that showed a gradual release in the first 48 h. In conclusion, the composite membrane based on CS-LDH can be used in potential drug delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Ruxandra Radu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Madalina Pandele
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Tuncel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Miculescu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Ioan Voicu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Fajstavr D, Fajstavrová K, Frýdlová B, Slepičková Kasálková N, Švorčík V, Slepička P. Biopolymer Honeycomb Microstructures: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:772. [PMID: 36676507 PMCID: PMC9863042 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the formation of honeycomb microstructures and their applications, which include tissue engineering, antibacterial materials, replication processes or sensors. The history of the honeycomb pattern, the first experiments, which mostly involved the breath figure procedure and the improved phase separation, the most recent approach to honeycomb pattern formation, are described in detail. Subsequent surface modifications of the pattern, which involve physical and chemical modifications and further enhancement of the surface properties, are also introduced. Different aspects influencing the polymer formation, such as the substrate influence, a particular polymer or solvent, which may significantly contribute to pattern formation, and thus influence the target structural properties, are also discussed.
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6
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Paez-Mayorga J, Campa-Carranza JN, Capuani S, Hernandez N, Liu HC, Chua CYX, Pons-Faudoa FP, Malgir G, Alvarez B, Niles JA, Argueta LB, Shelton KA, Kezar S, Nehete PN, Berman DM, Willman MA, Li XC, Ricordi C, Nichols JE, Gaber AO, Kenyon NS, Grattoni A. Implantable niche with local immunosuppression for islet allotransplantation achieves type 1 diabetes reversal in rats. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7951. [PMID: 36572684 PMCID: PMC9792517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation efficacy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management is limited by hypoxia-related graft attrition and need for systemic immunosuppression. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Neovascularized Implantable Cell Homing and Encapsulation (NICHE) device, which integrates direct vascularization for facile mass transfer and localized immunosuppressant delivery for islet rejection prophylaxis. Here, we investigated NICHE efficacy for allogeneic islet transplantation and long-term diabetes reversal in an immunocompetent, male rat model. We demonstrated that allogeneic islets transplanted within pre-vascularized NICHE were engrafted, revascularized, and functional, reverting diabetes in rats for over 150 days. Notably, we confirmed that localized immunosuppression prevented islet rejection without inducing toxicity or systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, for translatability efforts, we showed NICHE biocompatibility and feasibility of deployment as well as short-term allogeneic islet engraftment in an MHC-mismatched nonhuman primate model. In sum, the NICHE holds promise as a viable approach for safe and effective islet transplantation and long-term T1D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Nikita Campa-Carranza
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Simone Capuani
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Nathanael Hernandez
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Fernanda Paola Pons-Faudoa
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gulsah Malgir
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Bella Alvarez
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Jean A. Niles
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lissenya B. Argueta
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA
| | - Sarah Kezar
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dora M. Berman
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Melissa A. Willman
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Joan E. Nichols
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Osama Gaber
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Norma S. Kenyon
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
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7
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Xu R, Li Y, Zhu C, Liu D, Yang YR. Cellular Ingestible DNA Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chenyou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuhe R. Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
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Haque Mizan MM, Rastgar M, Aktij SA, Asad A, Karami P, Rahimpour A, Sadrzadeh M. Organic solvent-free polyelectrolyte complex membrane preparation: Effect of monomer mixing ratio and casting solution temperature. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang L, Hu J, Li MC, Xu M, Gu ZY. Solid-state nanopore: chemical modifications, interactions, and functionalities. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200775. [PMID: 36071031 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanopore technology is a burgeoning detection technology for single-molecular sensing and ion rectification. Solid-state nanopores have attracted more and more attention because of their higher stability and tunability than biological nanopores. However, solid-state nanopores still suffer the drawbacks of low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution, which hinders their practical applications. Thus, developing operatical and useful methods to overcome the shortages of solid-state nanopores is urgently needed. Here, we summarize the recent research on nanopore modification to achieve this goal. Modifying solid-state nanopores with different coating molecules can improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of nanopores. The modified molecules can introduce different functions into the nanopores, greatly expanding the applications of this novel detection technology. We hope that this review of nanopore modification will provide new ideas for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Nanjing Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
| | - Jun Hu
- Nanjing Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
| | - Min-Chao Li
- Nanjing Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
| | - Ming Xu
- Nanjing Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Nanjing Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, 1 Wenyuan Rd, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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10
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Rangou S, Appold M, Lademann B, Buhr K, Filiz V. Thermally and Chemically Stable Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1142-1147. [PMID: 36048420 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, particularly membranes fabricated from self-assembled diblock copolymers, hold promise in wastewater treatment, dairy, and food industries. Membrane development goals involve combining a highly porous selective layer with a narrow pore size distribution with a mechanically stable supporting layer to achieve constant flux. To date, isoporous integral asymmetric membranes have been formed either as flat sheets or hollow fibers, and a surface-selective layer determines membrane separation performance. A unique isoporous membrane of the poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVBCB-b-P4VP) diblock copolymer with a substructure of almost homogeneous porosity throughout the body of the material (three-dimensional porosity) has been developed. Moreover, the matrix of the membrane (PVCB) enables it to undergo cross-linking, allowing the membrane to be thermally sterilized and applied in high-temperature UF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rangou
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Brigitte Lademann
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Kristian Buhr
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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11
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Jiang L. Bio-inspired Track-Etched Polymeric Nanochannels: Steady-State Biosensors for Detection of Analytes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18974-19013. [PMID: 34846138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired polymeric nanochannel (also referred as nanopore)-based biosensors have attracted considerable attention on account of their controllable channel size and shape, multi-functional surface chemistry, unique ionic transport properties, and good robustness for applications. There are already very informative reviews on the latest developments in solid-state artificial nanochannel-based biosensors, however, which concentrated on the resistive-pulse sensing-based sensors for practical applications. The steady-state sensing-based nanochannel biosensors, in principle, have significant advantages over their counterparts in term of high sensitivity, fast response, target analytes with no size limit, and extensive suitable range. Furthermore, among the diverse materials, nanochannels based on polymeric materials perform outstandingly, due to flexible fabrication and wide application. This compressive Review summarizes the recent advances in bio-inspired polymeric nanochannels as sensing platforms for detection of important analytes in living organisms, to meet the high demand for high-performance biosensors for analysis of target analytes, and the potential for development of smart sensing devices. In the future, research efforts can be focused on transport mechanisms in the field of steady-state or resistive-pulse nanochannel-based sensors and on developing precisely size-controlled, robust, miniature and reusable, multi-functional, and high-throughput biosensors for practical applications. Future efforts should aim at a deeper understanding of the principles at the molecular level and incorporating these diverse pore architectures into homogeneous and defect-free multi-channel membrane systems. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and biotechnology, we believe that many more achievements in nanochannel-based biosensors could be achieved in the near future, serving people in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sharma R, Geranpayehvaghei M, Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Asadnia M. Recent advances in polymeric nanostructured ion selective membranes for biomedical applications. Talanta 2021; 235:122815. [PMID: 34517671 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nano structured ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are very attractive materials for a wide range of sensing and ion separation applications. The present review focuses on the design principles of various ISMs; nanostructured and ionophore/ion acceptor doped ISMs, and their use in biomedical engineering. Applications of ISMs in the biomedical field have been well-known for more than half a century in potentiometric analysis of biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. However, the emergence of nanotechnology and sophisticated sensing methods assisted in miniaturising ion-selective electrodes to needle-like sensors that can be designed in the form of implantable or wearable devices (smartwatch, tattoo, sweatband, fabric patch) for health monitoring. This article provides a critical review of recent advances in miniaturization, sensing and construction of new devices over last decade (2011-2021). The designing of tunable ISM with biomimetic artificial ion channels offered intensive opportunities and innovative clinical analysis applications, including precise biosensing, controlled drug delivery and early disease diagnosis. This paper will also address the future perspective on potential applications and challenges in the widespread use of ISM for clinical use. Finally, this review details some recommendations and future directions to improve the accuracy and robustness of ISMs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marzieh Geranpayehvaghei
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Huang H, Belwal T, Li L, Xu Y, Zou L, Lin X, Luo Z. Amphiphilic and Biocompatible DNA Origami-Based Emulsion Formation and Nanopore Release for Anti-Melanogenesis Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104831. [PMID: 34608748 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Programmable engineered DNA origami provides infinite possibilities for customizing nanostructures with controllable precision and configurable functionality. Here, a strategy for fabricating an amphiphilic triangular DNA origami with a central nanopore that integrates phase-stabilizing, porous-gated, and affinity-delivering effects is presented. By introducing the DNA origami as a single-component surfactant, the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion is effectively stabilized with decreased interfacial tension. Microscopic observation validates the attachment of the DNA origami onto the water-in-oil and oil-in-water interfaces. Furthermore, fluorescence studies and molecular docking simulations indicate the binding interactions of DNA origami with arbutin and coumaric acid at docking sites within central nanopores. These central nanopores are functionalized as molecular gates and affinity-based scaffold for the zero-order release of arbutin and coumaric acid at a constant rate regardless of concentration gradient throughout the whole releasing period. In vivo zebrafish results illustrate the advantages of this zero-order release for anti-melanogenesis therapy over direct exposure or Fickian diffusion. The DNA origami-based W/O/W emulsion presents anti-melanogenic effects against UV-B exposure without cardiotoxicity or motor toxicity. These results demonstrate that this non-toxic amphiphilic triangular DNA origami is capable of solely stabilizing the W/O/W emulsion as well as serving as nanopore gates and affinity-based scaffold for constant release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ligen Zou
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
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14
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Shiohara A, Prieto-Simon B, Voelcker NH. Porous polymeric membranes: fabrication techniques and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2129-2154. [PMID: 33283821 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Porous polymeric membranes have shown great potential in biological and biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, bioseparation, and biosensing, due to their structural flexibility, versatile surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. This review outlines the advantages and limitations of the fabrication techniques commonly used to produce porous polymeric membranes, with especial focus on those featuring nano/submicron scale pores, which include track etching, nanoimprinting, block-copolymer self-assembly, and electrospinning. Recent advances in membrane technology have been key to facilitate precise control of pore size, shape, density and surface properties. The review provides a critical overview of the main biological and biomedical applications of these porous polymeric membranes, especially focusing on drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, and bioseparation. The effect of the membrane material and pore morphology on the role of the membranes for each specific application as well as the specific fabrication challenges, and future prospects of these membranes are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Shiohara
- Drug Delivery, Deposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia and Melbourne Centre of Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Drug Delivery, Deposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain and ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Deposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia and Melbourne Centre of Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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15
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Ghomi ER, Shakiba M, Ardahaei AS, Akbari M, Faraji M, Ataei S, Kohansal P, Jafari I, Abdouss M, Ramakrishna S. Innovations in drug delivery for chronic wound healing. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:340-351. [PMID: 34269663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210714102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a varied and complex process designed to promptly restore standard skin structure, function, and appearance. To achieve this goal, different immune and biological systems participate in coordination through four separate steps, including homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration. Each step involves the function of other cells, cytokines, and growth factors. However, chronic ulcers, which are classified into three types of ulcers, namely vascular ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and pressure ulcers, cannot heal through the mentioned natural stages. It causes mental and physical problems for these people and, as a result, imposes high economic and social costs on society. In this regard, using a system that can accelerate the healing process of such chronic wounds, as an urgent need in the community, should be considered. Therefore, in this study, the innovations of drug delivery systems for the healing of chronic wounds using hydrogels, nanomaterial, and membranes are discussed and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | | | - Ali Saedi Ardahaei
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, P.O. Box 491888369, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Faraji
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Ataei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Parisa Kohansal
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Jafari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore 117581, Singapore
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16
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Sun M, Han K, Hu R, Liu D, Fu W, Liu W. Advances in Micro/Nanoporous Membranes for Biomedical Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001545. [PMID: 33511718 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous membrane materials at the micro/nanoscale have exhibited practical and potential value for extensive biological and medical applications associated with filtration and isolation, cell separation and sorting, micro-arrangement, in-vitro tissue reconstruction, high-throughput manipulation and analysis, and real-time sensing. Herein, an overview of technological development of micro/nanoporous membranes (M/N-PMs) is provided. Various membrane types and the progress documented in membrane fabrication techniques, including the electrochemical-etching, laser-based technology, microcontact printing, electron beam lithography, imprinting, capillary force lithography, spin coating, and microfluidic molding are described. Their key features, achievements, and limitations associated with micro/nanoporous membrane (M/N-PM) preparation are discussed. The recently popularized applications of M/N-PMs in biomedical engineering involving the separation of cells and biomolecules, bioparticle operations, biomimicking, micropatterning, bioassay, and biosensing are explored too. Finally, the challenges that need to be overcome for M/N-PM fabrication and future applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Kai Han
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Wenzhu Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
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17
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Novel bind-then-release model based on fluorescence spectroscopy analysis with molecular docking simulation: New insights to zero-order release of arbutin and coumaric acid. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Akbarzadeh E, Shockravi A, Vatanpour V. High performance compatible thiazole-based polymeric blend cellulose acetate membrane as selective CO 2 absorbent and molecular sieve. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117215. [PMID: 33183645 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Green blend membranes comprise of high thermal resistance ortho-linked thiazole-based polyimine (PM-4) including thioether linkage were fabricated in combination of glassy cellulose acetate (CA). The thermal stabilities of PMs were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Morphological aspects and functional groups of the membranes were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical strength were determined as well. The effects of polyimine content, pressure and temperature were studied on CO2 permeability (P) and selectivity. The pressure changes revealed exponentially increases on CO2 permeability by plasticization, facilitated transfer and solution-diffusion mechanisms, but decreases on CH4 and N2 permeations. Remarkable permeation (P = 3000 Barrer) of CA/PM-4 (1:3 % w/w) and ideal selectivity ratios of CO2/N2 = 59, CO2/CH4 = 33.7 were obtained at 3 bar and 35 °C versus neat CA membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofatteh Avenue 49, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shockravi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofatteh Avenue 49, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofatteh Avenue 49, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Rezvani Alanagh H, Rostami I, Taleb M, Gao X, Zhang Y, Khattak AM, He X, Li L, Tang Z. Covalent organic framework membrane for size selective release of small molecules and peptide in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7899-7903. [PMID: 32845948 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control small drug release is crucial in biomedicine, especially for inhibiting the side effects of drugs, but it is still challenging. Herein, to mimic the controlled release of drugs, the release of organic molecules, e.g., small organic dyes and peptides, through Covalent Organic Framework (COF) membranes with ordered nanoscale pores has been investigated, showing constant zero-order release behaviours. Meanwhile, biological assessments show the good biocompatibility of the COF membrane-based release system, and the high stability of the COF membrane was manifested by the long-term release of small molecules in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Rezvani Alanagh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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20
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Khlyustova A, Cheng Y, Yang R. Vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films in biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6588-6609. [PMID: 32756662 PMCID: PMC7429282 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymer coatings have become ubiquitous in biological applications, ranging from biomaterials and drug delivery to manufacturing-scale separation of biomolecules using functional membranes. Recent advances in the technology of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have enabled precise control of the polymer chemistry, coating thickness, and conformality. That comprehensive control of surface properties has been used to elicit desirable interactions at the interface between synthetic materials and living organisms, making vapor-deposited functional polymers uniquely suitable for biological applications. This review captures the recent technological development in vapor-deposited functional polymer coatings, highlighting their biological applications, including membrane-based bio-separations, biosensing and bio-MEMS, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The conformal nature of vapor-deposited coatings ensures uniform coverage over micro- and nano-structured surfaces, allowing the independent optimization of surface and bulk properties. The substrate-independence of CVD techniques enables facile transfer of surface characteristics among different applications. The vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films tend to be biocompatible because they are free of remnant toxic solvents and precursor molecules, potentially lowering the barrier to clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Khlyustova
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
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21
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Arafa IM, Shatnawi MY, Abdallah MH, Algharaibeh ZA. Grafting of glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine on cellulose membranes and their role in regulating the uniport, symport, and antiport permeation of glucose. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1785459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isam M. Arafa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazin Y. Shatnawi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad H. Abdallah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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22
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Sankhala K, Koll J, Abetz V. Facilitated Structure Formation in Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes upon Controlled Evaporation by Gas Flow. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E83. [PMID: 32353997 PMCID: PMC7281245 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The conventional fabrication of isoporous membranes via the evaporation-induced self-assembly of block copolymers in combination with non-solvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) is achieved under certain environmental conditions. In this study, we report a modification in the conventional fabrication process of (isoporous) flat sheet membranes in which the self-assembly of block copolymers is achieved by providing controlled evaporation conditions using gas flow and the process is introduced as gSNIPS. This fabrication approach can not only trigger and control the microphase separation but also provides isoporous structure formation in a much broader range of solution concentrations and casting parameters, as compared to fabrication under ambient, uncontrolled conditions. We systematically investigated the structure formation of the fabrication of integral asymmetric isoporous membranes by gSNIPS. A quantitative correlation between the evaporation conditions (causing solvent evaporation and temperature drop) and the self-assembly of block copolymers beginning from the top layer up to a certain depth, orientation of pores in the top layer and the substructure morphology has been discussed empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sankhala
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Joachim Koll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Oh IK, Zeng L, Kim JE, Park JS, Kim K, Lee H, Seo S, Khan MR, Kim S, Park CW, Lee J, Shong B, Lee Z, Bent SF, Kim H, Park JY, Lee HBR. Surface Energy Change of Atomic-Scale Metal Oxide Thin Films by Phase Transformation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:676-687. [PMID: 31927973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the surface free energy (SFE) of a solid material facilitates its use in a wide range of applications requiring precise control of the ubiquitous presence of liquid on the surface. In this study, we found that the SFE of rare-earth oxide (REO) thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) gradually decreased with increasing film thickness; however, these changes could not be understood by classical interaction models. Herein, the mechanism underlying the aforesaid decrease was systematically studied by measuring contact angles, surface potential, adhesion force, crystalline structures, chemical compositions, and morphologies of the REO films. A growth mode of the REO films was observed: layer-by-layer growth at the initial stage with an amorphous phase and subsequent crystalline island growth, accompanied by a change in the crystalline structure and orientation that affects the SFE. The portion of the surface crystalline facets terminated with (222) and (440) planes evolved with an increase in ALD cycles and film thickness, as an amorphous phase was transformed. Based on this information, we demonstrated an SFE-tuned liquid tweezer with selectivity to target liquid droplets. We believe that the results of this fundamental and practical study, with excellent selectivity to liquids, will have significant impacts on coating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jae-Eun Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Department of Material Science Engineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
| | - Kangsik Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seunggi Seo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Material Science Engineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
| | - Sangmo Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Korea
| | - Chung Wung Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering , Pukyong National University , Pusan 48513 , Korea
| | - Bonggeun Shong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hongik University , Seoul 04066 , Korea
| | - Zonghoon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Han-Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Material Science Engineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
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24
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Habel A, Khan IM. A comparative study of the self-assembly of achiral and chiral hairy nanoparticles with polystyrene cores and poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) hairs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37358-37368. [PMID: 35521253 PMCID: PMC9057163 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04951d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairy nanoparticles with polystyrene cores (PS cores) and poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) shells were synthesized by combining living anionic polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structural characterization was carried out by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, APT 13C NMR and 1H 13C HMQC). The thermal stability of the PS cores was not affected by grafting PHEMA on their surfaces. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of the HNPs showed two distinct transition temperatures indicating microphase separation. Chiral HNPs were prepared by inducing chirality in the achiral HNPs by complexation with R- or S-mandelic acid. The circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of complexes of the HNPs/R- or S-mandelic acid indicated the formation of enantiomeric chiral structures. The self-assembled structures formed from the achiral HNPs show different surface morphologies, porous and zigzag, dependent on the solvents used. Blends of polystyrene functionalized with hydroxyl groups and PHEMA show different morphology and thermal properties compared with the core–shell HNP system. The chiral HNPs self-assembled into donut like structures or toroids with sizes in the range between 200 to 5000 nm. The study suggests that chirality can be utilized to develop interesting self-assembled structures. Chiral hairy nanoparticles (HNP), prepared by complexation of achiral HNPs with R- or S-mandelic acid, self-assemble into toroidal or donut like structures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Habel
- Department of Chemistry
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Ishrat M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
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25
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Sahle FF, Lowe TL. Design strategies for programmable oligonucleotide nanotherapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:73-88. [PMID: 31525462 PMCID: PMC6980509 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review on how to design different programmable nanotherapeutics using oligonucleotides as building blocks or as surface and matrix modifiers for controlled and targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents in presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum Feleke Sahle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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26
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Eggenberger OM, Ying C, Mayer M. Surface coatings for solid-state nanopores. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19636-19657. [PMID: 31603455 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 2001, solid-state nanopores have been increasingly exploited for the detection and characterization of biomolecules ranging from single DNA strands to protein complexes. A major factor that enables the application of nanopores to the analysis and characterization of a broad range of macromolecules is the preparation of coatings on the pore wall to either prevent non-specific adhesion of molecules or to facilitate specific interactions of molecules of interest within the pore. Surface coatings can therefore be useful to minimize clogging of nanopores or to increase the residence time of target analytes in the pore. This review article describes various coatings and their utility for changing pore diameters, increasing the stability of nanopores, reducing non-specific interactions, manipulating surface charges, enabling interactions with specific target molecules, and reducing the noise of current recordings through nanopores. We compare the coating methods with respect to the ease of preparing the coating, the stability of the coating and the requirement for specialized equipment to prepare the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Eggenberger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Cuifeng Ying
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Mayer
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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27
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Mesoporous Composite Membrane Based on Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Cyclodextrin-functionalized asymmetric block copolymer films as high-capacity reservoir for drug delivery. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhou P, Yao L, Chen K, Su B. Silica Nanochannel Membranes for Electrochemical Analysis and Molecular Sieving: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:424-444. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1642735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Thakur N, Sharma B, Bishnoi S, Jain S, Nayak D, Sarma TK. Biocompatible Fe3+ and Ca2+ Dual Cross-Linked G-Quadruplex Hydrogels as Effective Drug Delivery System for pH-Responsive Sustained Zero-Order Release of Doxorubicin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3300-3311. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakur
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Bhagwati Sharma
- Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Suman Bishnoi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Siddarth Jain
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Tridib K. Sarma
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
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31
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Mabrouk M, Rajendran R, Soliman IE, Ashour MM, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Arthanareeswaran G, Das DB. Nanoparticle- and Nanoporous-Membrane-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E294. [PMID: 31234394 PMCID: PMC6631283 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical particulates and membranes possess promising prospects for delivering drugs and bioactive molecules with the potential to improve drug delivery strategies like sustained and controlled release. For example, inorganic-based nanoparticles such as silica-, titanium-, zirconia-, calcium-, and carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions smaller than 100 nm have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. Furthermore, inorganic nanoparticles possess magnetic, optical, and electrical properties, which make them suitable for various therapeutic applications including targeting, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Their properties may also be tuned by controlling different parameters, e.g., particle size, shape, surface functionalization, and interactions among them. In a similar fashion, membranes have several functions which are useful in sensing, sorting, imaging, separating, and releasing bioactive or drug molecules. Engineered membranes have been developed for their usage in controlled drug delivery devices. The latest advancement in the technology is therefore made possible to regulate the physico-chemical properties of the membrane pores, which enables the control of drug delivery. The current review aims to highlight the role of both pharmaceutical particulates and membranes over the last fifteen years based on their preparation method, size, shape, surface functionalization, and drug delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Rajakumari Rajendran
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | - Islam E Soliman
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | | | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Khairy M Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | | | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK.
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Speyer K, Pastorino C. Pressure responsive gating in nanochannels coated by semiflexible polymer brushes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:937-946. [PMID: 30644495 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study by coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations the liquid flow in a slit channel with the inner walls coated by semiflexible polymer brushes. The distance between walls is close enough such that polymers grafted to opposing walls interact among each other and form bundles across the channel in poor solvent conditions. The solvent is simulated explicitly, including particles that fill the interior of the channel. The system is studied in equilibrium and under flow, by applying a constant body force on each particle of the system. A non-linear relation between external force and flow rate is observed, for a particular set of parameters. This non-linear response is linked to a morphological change of the polymer brushes. For large enough forces, the bundle structures formed across the channel break as the chains lean in the direction of the flow, and clear the middle of the channel. This morphological alteration of the polymer configurations translates in a sudden increase in the flow rate, acting as a pressure-responsive gate. The relation between flow and external force is investigated for various parameters, such as grafting density, quality of the solvent and polymer bending rigidity. We observe a non-monotonic dependence of the flow as a function of the polymer rigidity, and find an optimum value for the persistence length. We also find that the force threshold at which the morphological changes happen in the polymer brush, depends linearly on the grafting density. These findings can lead to new flow control techniques in micro and nano-fluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Speyer
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dettori R, Yang Q, Achenie LEK, Schwarz RD. A Temperature-, pH- and Voltage-Responsive Nanogate with a Remarkably High Factor of Change in Ion Currents due to ON/OFF Switching. Chemistry 2018; 24:18897-18902. [PMID: 30252993 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In biological cells, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in cell membranes are capable of controlling the flow of ions, for example, Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ by responding to stimuli, for example, pH and voltage. Inspired by NPCs, researchers have been endeavoring to develop nanogates to achieve the control of ion transport, but the developed nanogates only have a low factor of change in ion currents due to ON/OFF switching. As such nanopores with high temperature and pH responsivities were developed in this work. According to the experimental results, at a voltage of 3 V, the change in ion currents due to pH change is up to a factor of 170, which is remarkably high compared to other nanogates reported. Quantum chemical (QC) calculation results show that a protonated cytosine molecule (C+ ) and an unprotonated cytosine molecule (C) form three pairs of hydrogen bonds and consequently a nucleobase pair, CC+ , leading to the binding of various strands, assembly of a strand net, and blockage of ion transport. The nanogate developed is capable of responding to temperature change. At a voltage of 3 V, the factor of change in ion currents in response to temperature variation is as high as 110. Further experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the NaCl concentrations and small opening diameters exerted on nanogate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Yang
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551-0969, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luke E K Achenie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Roland D Schwarz
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Méndez M, Vega V, González S, Caballero-Flores R, García J, Prida VM. Effect of Sharp Diameter Geometrical Modulation on the Magnetization Reversal of Bi-Segmented FeNi Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8080595. [PMID: 30081591 PMCID: PMC6116228 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlling functional properties of matter and combining them for engineering a functional device is, nowadays, a common direction of the scientific community. For instance, heterogeneous magnetic nanostructures can make use of different types of geometrical and compositional modulations to achieve the control of the magnetization reversal along with the nano-entities and, thus, enable the fabrication of spintronic, magnetic data storage, and sensing devices, among others. In this work, diameter-modulated FeNi nanowires are fabricated paying special effort to obtain sharp transition regions between two segments of different diameters (from about 450 nm to 120 nm), enabling precise control over the magnetic behavior of the sample. Micromagnetic simulations performed on single bi-segmented nanowires predict a double step magnetization reversal where the wide segment magnetization switches near 16 kA/m through a vortex domain wall, while at 40 kA/m the magnetization of the narrow segment is reversed through a corkscrew-like mechanism. Finally, these results are confirmed with magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements at the transition of isolated bi-segmented nanowires. Furthermore, macroscopic vibrating sample magnetometry is used to demonstrate that the magnetic decoupling of nanowire segments is the main phenomenon occurring over the entire fabricated nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Méndez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Víctor Vega
- Laboratorio Membranas Nanoporosas, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo s/n, 33006-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Silvia González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Rafael Caballero-Flores
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Javier García
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Prida
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Balzamo G, Willcock H, Ali J, Ratcliffe E, Mele E. Bioinspired Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Membranes with Directional Release of Therapeutic Essential Oils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8652-8660. [PMID: 29957953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, the morphology of polypore fungi has inspired the fabrication of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with dual porosity by nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS). The fruiting body of such microorganisms is constituted of two distinct regions, finger- and sponge-like structures, which have been successfully mimicked by controlling the coagulation bath temperature during the NIPS process. The use of water at 10 °C as coagulant resulted in membranes with the highest finger-like/sponge-like ratio (53% of the total membrane thickness), while water at 90 °C allowed the formation of macrovoid-free membranes. The microchannels and the asymmetric porosity were used to enhance the oil sorption capacity of the PVDF membranes and to achieve directional release of therapeutic essential oils. These PVDF membranes with easily tuned asymmetric channel-like porosity and controlled pore size are ideal candidates for drug delivery applications.
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Wu W, Yang Q, Su B. Centimeter-scale continuous silica isoporous membranes for molecular sieving. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sahle FF, Gulfam M, Lowe TL. Design strategies for physical-stimuli-responsive programmable nanotherapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:992-1006. [PMID: 29653291 PMCID: PMC6195679 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that respond to externally applied physical stimuli such as temperature, light, ultrasound, magnetic field and electric field have shown great potential for controlled and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. However, the body of literature on programming these stimuli-responsive nanomaterials to attain the desired level of pharmacologic responses is still fragmented and has not been systematically reviewed. The purpose of this review is to summarize and synthesize the literature on various design strategies for simple and sophisticated programmable physical-stimuli-responsive nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum Feleke Sahle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Muhammad Gulfam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Musteata V, Sutisna B, Polymeropoulos G, Avgeropoulos A, Meneau F, Peinemann KV, Hadjichristidis N, Nunes SP. Self-assembly of polystyrene- b -poly(2-vinylpyridine)- b -poly(ethylene oxide) triblock terpolymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Influence of TiO2-Coating Layer on Nanoporous Alumina Membranes by ALD Technique. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Lepoitevin M, Ma T, Bechelany M, Janot JM, Balme S. Functionalization of single solid state nanopores to mimic biological ion channels: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 250:195-213. [PMID: 28942265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In nature, ion channels are highly selective pores and act as gate to ensure selective ion transport, allowing ions to cross the membrane. By mimicking them, single solid state nanopore devices emerge as a new, powerful class of molecule sensors that allow for the label-free detection of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins), non-biological polymers, as well as small molecules. In this review, we exhaustively describe the fabrication and functionalization techniques to design highly robust and selective solid state nanopores. First we outline the different materials and methods to design nanopores, we explain the ionic conduction in nanopores, and finally we summarize some techniques to modify and functionalize the surface in order to obtain biomimetic nanopores, responding to different external stimuli.
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Jiang J, Jacobs AG, Wenning B, Liedel C, Thompson MO, Ober CK. Ultrafast Self-Assembly of Sub-10 nm Block Copolymer Nanostructures by Solvent-Free High-Temperature Laser Annealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31317-31324. [PMID: 28598156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Laser spike annealing was applied to PS-b-PDMS diblock copolymers to induce short-time (millisecond time scale), high-temperature (300 to 700 °C) microphase segregation and directed self-assembly of sub-10 nm features. Conditions were identified that enabled uniform microphase separation in the time frame of tens of milliseconds. Microphase ordering improved with increased temperature and annealing time, whereas phase separation contrast was lost for very short annealing times at high temperature. PMMA brush underlayers aided ordering under otherwise identical laser annealing conditions. Good long-range order for sub-10 nm cylinder morphology was achieved using graphoepitaxy coupled with a 20 ms dwell laser spike anneal above 440 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alan G Jacobs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brandon Wenning
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Clemens Liedel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael O Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Perfluorinated Compounds as Test Media for Porous Membranes. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7030051. [PMID: 28872599 PMCID: PMC5618136 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a failure-free method of porous membranes characterization that gives the researcher the opportunity to compare and characterize properties of any porous membrane. This proposal is supported by an investigation of eight membranes made of different organic and inorganic materials, with nine different perfluorinated compounds. It was found that aromatic compounds, perfluorobenzene, and perfluorotoluene, used in the current study show properties different from other perfluorinated aliphatics. They demonstrate extreme deviation from the general sequence indicating the existence of π-π-interaction on the pore wall. The divergence of the flow for cyclic compounds from ideal e.g., linear compounds can be an indication of the pore dimension.
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Porta-I-Batalla M, Xifré-Pérez E, Eckstein C, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. 3D Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Structures for Sustained Drug Release. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E227. [PMID: 28825654 PMCID: PMC5575709 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) for the development of drug delivery systems has gained much attention in recent years. The release of drugs loaded inside NAA pores is complex and depends on the morphology of the pores. In this study, NAA, with different three-dimensional (3D) pore structures (cylindrical pores with several pore diameters, multilayered nanofunnels, and multilayered inverted funnels) were fabricated, and their respective drug delivery rates were studied and modeled using doxorubicin as a model drug. The obtained results reveal optimal modeling of all 3D pore structures, differentiating two drug release stages. Thus, an initial short-term and a sustained long-term release were successfully modeled by the Higuchi and the Korsmeyer-Peppas equations, respectively. This study demonstrates the influence of pore geometries on drug release rates, and further presents a sustained long-term drug release that exceeds 60 days without an undesired initial burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Porta-I-Batalla
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Chris Eckstein
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Su Y, Dang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tian W. Supramolecular Host-Guest Interaction-Enhanced Adjustable Drug Release Based on β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Thermoresponsive Porous Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7393-7402. [PMID: 28693323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems based on stimuli-responsive porous polymer films (PPFs) have been extensively investigated because of their many advantages. However, the ability to adjust the drug release from PPFs is not always perfect, and at times, it cannot satisfy real-world requirements. In this paper, supramolecular host-guest interactions were harnessed to overcome the difficulties associated with adjustable release from these systems by incorporating host molecules into the pore walls of thermoresponsive PPFs. β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized porous amphiphilic block copolymer films (β-CD-PBCPFs) with controllable pore parameters, high homogeneity, and large areas were prepared by combining the self-assembly and breath-figure methods. Drug-loaded β-CD-PBCPFs displayed thermoresponsive release behavior, which could be tuned by increasing the β-CD content in phosphate-buffered saline. The release was governed by the host-guest interactions of the β-CD moieties and drug molecules. The concept of host-guest interaction-enhanced adjustable release could be applied to different drug molecules, such as doxorubicin and metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jing Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, China
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46
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Lee SH, Chang WS, Han SM, Kim DH, Kim JK. Synchrotron X-ray nanotomography and three-dimensional nanoscale imaging analysis of pore structure-function in nanoporous polymeric membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Struss WJ, Tan Z, Zachkani P, Moskalev I, Jackson JK, Shademani A, D'Costa NM, Raven PA, Frees S, Chavez-Munoz C, Chiao M, So AI. Magnetically-actuated drug delivery device (MADDD) for minimally invasive treatment of prostate cancer: An in vivo animal pilot study. Prostate 2017; 77:1356-1365. [PMID: 28786159 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of prostate cancer presents clinically localized to the prostate without evidence of metastasis. Currently, there are several modalities available to treat this particular disease. Despite radical prostatectomy demonstrating a modest prostate cancer specific mortality benefit in the PIVOT trial, several novel modalities have emerged to treat localized prostate cancer in patients that are either not eligible for surgery or that prefer an alternative approach. METHODS Athymic nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with prostate cancer cells. The mice were divided into four cohorts, one cohort untreated, two cohorts received docetaxel (10 mg/kg) either subcutaneously (SC) or intravenously (IV) and the fourth cohort was treated using the magnetically-actuated docetaxel delivery device (MADDD), dispensing 1.5 μg of docetaxel per 30 min treatment session. Treatment in all three therapeutic arms (SC, IV, and MADDD) was administered once weekly for 6 weeks. Treatment efficacy was measured once a week according to tumor volume using ultrasound. In addition, calipers were used to assess tumor volume. RESULTS Animals implanted with the device demonstrated no signs of distress or discomfort, neither local nor systemic symptoms of inflammation and infection. Using an independent sample t-test, the tumor growth rate of the treated tumors was significant when compared to the control. Post hoc Tukey HSD test results showed that the mean tumor growth rate of our device cohort was significantly lower than SC and control cohorts. Moreover, IV cohort showed slight reduction in mean tumor growth rates than the ones from the device cohort, however, there was no statistical significance in tumor growth rate between these two cohorts. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increased cellular apoptosis in the MADDD treated tumors and a decreased proliferation when compared to the other cohorts. In addition, IV cohort showed increased treatment side effects (weight loss) when compared to the device cohort. Finally, MADDD showed minimal expression of CD45 comparable to the control cohort, suggesting no signs of chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that MADDD, clearly suppressed tumor growth in local prostate cancer tumors. This could potentially be a novel clinical treatment approach for localized prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Struss
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Payam Zachkani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Igor Moskalev
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John K Jackson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ali Shademani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ninadh M D'Costa
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter A Raven
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Claudia Chavez-Munoz
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mu Chiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alan I So
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
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48
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Ma Y, Wen Y, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Feng C, Sun R. Fabrication of Self-Ordered Alumina Films with Large Interpore Distance by Janus Anodization in Citric Acid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39165. [PMID: 27958365 PMCID: PMC5153624 DOI: 10.1038/srep39165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organized porous anodic alumina (PAA) formed by electrochemical anodization have become a fundamental tool to develop various functional nanomaterials. However, it is still a great challenge to break the interpore distance (Dint) limit (500 nm) by using current anodization technologies of mild anodization (MA) and hard anodization (HA). Here, we reported a new anodization mode named “Janus anodization” (JA) to controllably fabricate self-ordered PAA with large Dint at high voltage of 350–400 V. JA naturally occurs as anodizing Al foils in citric acid solution, which possessing both the characteristics of MA and HA. The process can be divided into two stages: I, slow pore nucleation stage similar to MA; II, unequilibrium self-organization process similar to HA. The as-prepared films had the highest modulus (7.0 GPa) and hardness (127.2 GPa) values compared with the alumina obtained by MA and HA. The optical studies showed that the black films have low reflectance (<10 %) in the wavelength range of 250–1500 nm and photoluminescence property. Dint can be tuned between 645–884 nm by controlling citric acid concentration or anodization voltage. JA is a potential technology to efficiently and controllably fabricate microstructured or hybrid micro- and nanostructured materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Ma
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China.,School of Science, Ningxia Medical University, 750004 Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Wen
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Runguang Sun
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, P. R. China
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Lin X, Yang Q, Yan F, Zhang B, Su B. Gated Molecular Transport in Highly Ordered Heterogeneous Nanochannel Array Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33343-33349. [PMID: 27934137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In biology, all protein channels share a common feature of containing narrow pore regions with hydrophobic functional groups and selectivity filter regions abundant with charged residues, which work together to account for fast and selective mass transport in and out of cells. In this work, an ultrathin layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was evaporated on the top orifices of charged silica nanochannels (2-3 nm in diameter and 60 nm in length) vertically attached to the electrode surface, and the resulting structure is designated as heterogeneous silica nanochannels (HSNs). As evidenced by voltammetric studies, the transport of ionic species in these HSNs was controlled by both hydrophobic rejection and electrostatic force arising from the top PDMS layer and from the bottom silica nanochannels, respectively. Anionic species encountered both hydrophobic rejection and electrostatic repulsion forces, and thus, their transport was strongly prohibited, while the transport of cationic species was permitted once the electrostatic attraction exceeded the hydrophobic rejection. Moreover, the magnitude of hydrophobic force could be regulated by the PDMS layer thickness, and that of the electrostatic force can be modulated by the salt concentration, solution pH, or applied voltage. It was demonstrated that the HSNs could be activated from an OFF state (no ion can transport) to an ON state (only cation transport occurs) by decreasing the salt concentration, increasing the solution pH, or applying negative voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lin
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Mohan L, Anandan C, Rajendran N. Drug release characteristics of quercetin-loaded TiO 2 nanotubes coated with chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1633-1638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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