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Nichols JE, Azar SR. Real-time imaging of dynamic tissues. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1631-1632. [PMID: 37794138 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasha R Azar
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Pons-Faudoa FP, Di Trani N, Capuani S, Campa-Carranza JN, Nehete B, Sharma S, Shelton KA, Bushman LR, Abdelmawla F, Williams M, Roon L, Nerguizian D, Chua CYX, Ittmann MM, Nichols JE, Kimata JT, Anderson PL, Nehete PN, Arduino RC, Grattoni A. Long-acting refillable nanofluidic implant confers protection against SHIV infection in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg2887. [PMID: 37379369 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on slowing the global HIV epidemic hinges on effective drugs and delivery platforms. Oral drug regimens are the pillar of HIV PrEP, but variable adherence has spurred development of long-acting delivery systems with the aim of increasing PrEP access, uptake, and persistence. We have developed a long-acting subcutaneous nanofluidic implant that can be refilled transcutaneously for sustained release of the HIV drug islatravir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor that is used for HIV PrEP. In rhesus macaques, the islatravir-eluting implants achieved constant concentrations of islatravir in plasma (median 3.14 nM) and islatravir triphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (median 0.16 picomole per 106 cells) for more than 20 months. These drug concentrations were above the established PrEP protection threshold. In two unblinded, placebo-controlled studies, islatravir-eluting implants conferred 100% protection against infection with SHIVSF162P3 after repeated low-dose rectal or vaginal challenge in male or female rhesus macaques, respectively, compared to placebo control groups. The islatravir-eluting implants were well tolerated with mild local tissue inflammation and no signs of systemic toxicity over the 20-month study period. This refillable islatravir-eluting implant has potential as a long-acting drug delivery system for HIV PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P Pons-Faudoa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simone Capuani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jocelyn Nikita Campa-Carranza
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bharti Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn A Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Farah Abdelmawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Martin Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura Roon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David Nerguizian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
- University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto C Arduino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Pons-Faudoa FP, Di Trani N, Capuani S, Hernandez N, Wood AM, Nehete B, Niles J, Shelton KA, Kezar S, Bushman LR, Chua CYX, Ittmann MM, Anderson PL, Nehete PN, Arduino RC, Nichols JE, Grattoni A. Changes in local tissue microenvironment in response to subcutaneous long-acting delivery of tenofovir alafenamide in rats and non-human primates. J Control Release 2023; 358:116-127. [PMID: 37120032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Several implantable long-acting (LA) delivery systems have been developed for sustained subcutaneous administration of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a potent and effective nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). LA platforms aim to address the lack of adherence to oral regimens, which has impaired PrEP efficacy. Despite extensive investigations in this field, tissue response to sustained subcutaneous TAF delivery remains to be elucidated as contrasting preclinical results have been reported in the literature. To this end, here we studied the local foreign body response (FBR) to sustained subdermal delivery of three forms of TAF, namely TAF free base (TAFfb), TAF fumarate salt (TAFfs), and TAFfb with urocanic acid (TAF-UA). Sustained constant drug release was achieved via titanium-silicon carbide nanofluidic implants previously shown to be bioinert. The analysis was conducted in both Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and rhesus macaques over 1.5 and 3 months, respectively. While visual observation did not reveal abnormal adverse tissue reaction at the implantation site, histopathology and Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) analyses exposed a local chronic inflammatory response to TAF. In rats, UA mitigated foreign body response to TAF in a concentration-dependent manner. This was not observed in macaques where TAFfb was better tolerated than TAFfs and TAF-UA. Notably, the level of FBR was tightly correlated with local TAF tissue concentration. Further, regardless of the degree of FBR, the fibrotic capsule (FC) surrounding the implants did not interfere with drug diffusion and systemic delivery, as evidenced by TAF PK results and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P Pons-Faudoa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simone Capuani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nathanael Hernandez
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony M Wood
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bharti Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Jean Niles
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Sarah Kezar
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto C Arduino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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4
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Paez-Mayorga J, Campa-Carranza JN, Capuani S, Hernandez N, Liu HC, Chua CYX, Pons-Faudoa FP, Malgir G, Alvarez B, Niles JA, Argueta LB, Shelton KA, Kezar S, Nehete PN, Berman DM, Willman MA, Li XC, Ricordi C, Nichols JE, Gaber AO, Kenyon NS, Grattoni A. Implantable niche with local immunosuppression for islet allotransplantation achieves type 1 diabetes reversal in rats. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7951. [PMID: 36572684 PMCID: PMC9792517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation efficacy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management is limited by hypoxia-related graft attrition and need for systemic immunosuppression. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Neovascularized Implantable Cell Homing and Encapsulation (NICHE) device, which integrates direct vascularization for facile mass transfer and localized immunosuppressant delivery for islet rejection prophylaxis. Here, we investigated NICHE efficacy for allogeneic islet transplantation and long-term diabetes reversal in an immunocompetent, male rat model. We demonstrated that allogeneic islets transplanted within pre-vascularized NICHE were engrafted, revascularized, and functional, reverting diabetes in rats for over 150 days. Notably, we confirmed that localized immunosuppression prevented islet rejection without inducing toxicity or systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, for translatability efforts, we showed NICHE biocompatibility and feasibility of deployment as well as short-term allogeneic islet engraftment in an MHC-mismatched nonhuman primate model. In sum, the NICHE holds promise as a viable approach for safe and effective islet transplantation and long-term T1D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Nikita Campa-Carranza
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Simone Capuani
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Nathanael Hernandez
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Fernanda Paola Pons-Faudoa
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gulsah Malgir
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Bella Alvarez
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Jean A. Niles
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lissenya B. Argueta
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA
| | - Sarah Kezar
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dora M. Berman
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Melissa A. Willman
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Joan E. Nichols
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Osama Gaber
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Norma S. Kenyon
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
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Campa-Carranza JN, Paez-Mayorga J, Chua CYX, Nichols JE, Grattoni A. Emerging local immunomodulatory strategies to circumvent systemic immunosuppression in cell transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:595-610. [PMID: 35588058 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2076834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell transplantation is a promising curative therapeutic strategy whereby impaired organ functions can be restored without the need for whole organ transplantation. A key challenge in allotransplantation is the requirement for life-long systemic immunosuppression to prevent rejection, which is associated with serious adverse effects such as increased risk of opportunistic infections and the development of neoplasms. This challenge underscores the urgent need for novel strategies to prevent graft rejection while abrogating toxicity-associated adverse events. AREAS COVERED We review recent advances in immunoengineering strategies for localized immunomodulation that aim to support allograft function and provide immune tolerance in a safe and effective manner. EXPERT OPINION Immunoengineering strategies are tailored approaches for achieving immunomodulation of the transplant microenvironment. Biomaterials can be adapted for localized and controlled release of immunomodulatory agents, decreasing the effective dose threshold and frequency of administration. The future of transplant rejection management lies in the shift from systemic to local immunomodulation with suppression of effector and activation of regulatory T cells, to promote immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Nikita Campa-Carranza
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Argueta LB, Niles JA, Sakamoto J, Liu X, Vega SP, Frank L, Paessler M, Cortiella J, Nichols JE. Platforms to test the temporospatial capabilities of carrier systems in delivering growth factors to benefit vascular bioengineering. Nanomedicine 2021; 36:102419. [PMID: 34147665 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we produced a set of in vitro culture platforms to model vascular cell responses to growth factors and factor delivery vehicles. Two of the systems (whole vessel and whole lung vascular development) were supported by microfluidic systems facilitating media circulation and waste removal. We assessed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery by Pluronic F-127 hydrogel, 30 nm pore-sized microparticles (MPs), 60 nm pore-sized MP or a 50/50 mixture of 30 and 60 nm pore-sized MP. VEGF was delivered to porcine acellular lung vascular scaffolds (2.5 cm2 square pieces or whole 3D segments of acellular blood vessels) as well as whole acellular lung scaffolds. Scaffold-cell attachment was examined as was vascular tissue formation. We showed that a 50/50 mixture of 30 and 60 nm pore-sized silicon wafer MPs allowed for long-term release of VEGF within the scaffold vasculature and supported vascular endothelial tissue development during in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean A Niles
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX.
| | | | - Xuewu Liu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.
| | - Stephanie P Vega
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX.
| | - Luba Frank
- UTMB Department of Radiology, Galveston, TX.
| | - Marco Paessler
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX; UTMB Department of Pathology, Galveston, TX.
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Pons-Faudoa FP, Sizovs A, Shelton KA, Momin Z, Niles JA, Bushman LR, Xu J, Chua CYX, Nichols JE, Demaria S, Ittmann MM, Hawkins T, Rooney JF, Marzinke MA, Kimata JT, Anderson PL, Nehete PN, Arduino RC, Ferrari M, Sastry KJ, Grattoni A. Preventive efficacy of a tenofovir alafenamide fumarate nanofluidic implant in SHIV-challenged nonhuman primates. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2021; 4:2000163. [PMID: 33997267 PMCID: PMC8114879 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral oral drugs is effective at preventing HIV transmission when individuals adhere to the dosing regimen. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a potent antiretroviral drug, with numerous long-acting (LA) delivery systems under development to improve PrEP adherence. However, none has undergone preventive efficacy assessment. Here we show that LA TAF using a novel subcutaneous nanofluidic implant (nTAF) confers partial protection from HIV transmission. We demonstrate that sustained subcutaneous delivery through nTAF in rhesus macaques maintained tenofovir diphosphate concentration at a median of 390.00 fmol/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 9 times above clinically protective levels. In a non-blinded, placebo-controlled rhesus macaque study with repeated low-dose rectal SHIVSF162P3 challenge, the nTAF cohort had a 62.50% reduction (95% CI: 1.72% to 85.69%; p=0.068) in risk of infection per exposure compared to the control. Our finding mirrors that of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy, where 60.00% protective efficacy was observed in macaques, and clinically, 67.00% reduction in risk with 86.00% preventive efficacy in individuals with detectable drug in the plasma. Overall, our nanofluidic technology shows potential as a subcutaneous delivery platform for long-term PrEP and provides insights for clinical implementation of LA TAF for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P Pons-Faudoa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn A Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Zoha Momin
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jean A Niles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jiaqiong Xu
- Center for Outcomes Research and DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Marzinke
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Roberto C Arduino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pons‐Faudoa FP, Sizovs A, Shelton KA, Momin Z, Niles JA, Bushman LR, Xu J, Chua CYX, Nichols JE, Demaria S, Ittmann MM, Hawkins T, Rooney JF, Marzinke MA, Kimata JT, Anderson PL, Nehete PN, Arduino RC, Ferrari M, Sastry KJ, Grattoni A. Preventive Efficacy of a Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate Nanofluidic Implant in SHIV‐Challenged Nonhuman Primates (Adv. Therap. 3/2021). Adv Therap 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Paez‐Mayorga J, Capuani S, Farina M, Lotito ML, Niles JA, Salazar HF, Rhudy J, Esnaola L, Chua CYX, Taraballi F, Corradetti B, Shelton KA, Nehete PN, Nichols JE, Grattoni A. Cell Encapsulation: Enhanced In Vivo Vascularization of 3D‐Printed Cell Encapsulation Device Using Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2020). Adv Healthc Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Paez-Mayorga J, Capuani S, Hernandez N, Farina M, Chua CYX, Blanchard R, Sizovs A, Liu HC, Fraga DW, Niles JA, Salazar HF, Corradetti B, Sikora AG, Kloc M, Li XC, Gaber AO, Nichols JE, Grattoni A. Neovascularized implantable cell homing encapsulation platform with tunable local immunosuppressant delivery for allogeneic cell transplantation. Biomaterials 2020; 257:120232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Paez‐Mayorga J, Capuani S, Farina M, Lotito ML, Niles JA, Salazar HF, Rhudy J, Esnaola L, Chua CYX, Taraballi F, Corradetti B, Shelton KA, Nehete PN, Nichols JE, Grattoni A. Enhanced In Vivo Vascularization of 3D-Printed Cell Encapsulation Device Using Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000670. [PMID: 32864893 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current standard for cell encapsulation platforms is enveloping cells in semipermeable membranes that physically isolate transplanted cells from the host while allowing for oxygen and nutrient diffusion. However, long-term viability and function of encapsulated cells are compromised by insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply to the graft. To address this need, a strategy to achieve enhanced vascularization of a 3D-printed, polymeric cell encapsulation platform using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is investigated. The study is conducted in rats and, for clinical translation relevance, in nonhuman primates (NHP). Devices filled with PRP, MSCs, or vehicle hydrogel are subcutaneously implanted in rats and NHP and the amount and maturity of penetrating blood vessels assessed via histopathological analysis. In rats, MSCs drive the strongest angiogenic response at early time points, with the highest vessel density and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In NHP, PRP and MSCs result in similar vessel densities but incorporation of PRP ensues higher levels of eNOS expression. Overall, enrichment with PRP and MSCs yields extensive, mature vascularization of subcutaneous cell encapsulation devices. It is postulated that the individual properties of PRP and MSCs can be leveraged in a synergistic approach for maximal vascularization of cell encapsulation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Paez‐Mayorga
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey NL 64849 Mexico
| | - Simone Capuani
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Marco Farina
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di Torino Torino TO 10129 Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Lotito
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino TO 10129 Italy
| | - Jean A. Niles
- University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77550 USA
| | - Hector F. Salazar
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jessica Rhudy
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Lucas Esnaola
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | | | - Francesca Taraballi
- Regenerative Medicine Program Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Center for NanoHealth Swansea University Medical School Swansea Wales SA2 8QA UK
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research MD Anderson Cancer Center Bastrop TX 78602 USA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research MD Anderson Cancer Center Bastrop TX 78602 USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Surgery Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA
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12
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Abstract
Introduction During pandemic situations like the one caused by the emergent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, healthcare systems face the challenge of limited personal protective equipment and impaired supply chains. This problem poses a threat to healthcare workers, first responders, and the public, which demands solutions that can span the gap between institutional shortages and resupplies. Objectives To examine the efficacy of autoclave-based decontamination for the reuse of single-use surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). This method is the most readily available form of decontamination in the hospital and laboratory settings. Methods Three models of N95 FFRs and two procedural masks were evaluated in this study. A moist heat autoclave using four different autoclave cycles: 115°C for one hour, 121.1°C for 30 minutes, 130°C for two minutes, and 130°C for four minutes was used. After the autoclave process, the FFRs were NIOSH fit tested and particle counting was performed for both coarse particles of 5 micrometers (µM) and fine particles from 0.1µM to 1.0µM. Results We observed negligible alterations in the functionality and integrity of 3M 1805 and 3M 1870/1870+ N95 FFRs after three autoclave cycles. Surgical masks also showed minimal changes in functionality and integrity. The 3M 1860 FFR failed fit test after a single autoclave decontamination cycle. Discussion and Conclusion The study finds that specific surgical masks and N95 FFR models can withstand autoclave decontamination for up to three cycles. Additionally, the autoclave cycles tested were those that could be readily achieved by both clinical and research institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathen E. Bopp
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Donald H. Bouyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joan E. Nichols
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Corrie A. Ntiforo
- Environmental Health and Safety, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel A. Grimaldo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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13
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Ochoa EE, Huda R, Scheibel SF, Nichols JE, Mock DJ, El-Daher N, Domurat FM, Roberts NJ. HLA-associated protection of lymphocytes during influenza virus infection. Virol J 2020; 17:128. [PMID: 32831108 PMCID: PMC7444183 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygosity at HLA class I loci is generally considered beneficial for host defense. We report here an element of HLA class I homozygosity that may or may not help preserve its existence in populations but which could indicate a new avenue for antiviral research. Methods Lymphocytes from serologically HLA-homozygous or -heterozygous donors were examined for synthesis of influenza virus proteins and RNA after exposure to virus as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The virus-exposed lymphocytes were also examined for internalization of the virus after exposure, and for susceptibility to virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in comparison with virus-exposed monocytes/macrophages and unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results were compared using two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. Results Serologically-defined HLA-A2-homozygous lymphocytes, in contrast to heterozygous lymphocytes, did not synthesize detectable influenza virus RNA or protein after exposure to the virus. HLA-A2-homozygous lymphocytes, including both homozygous and heterozygous donors by genetic sequence subtyping, did internalize infectious virus but were not susceptible to lysis by autologous virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (“fratricide”). Similar intrinsic resistance to influenza virus infection was observed with HLA-A1- and HLA-A11-homozygous lymphocytes and with HLA-B-homozygous lymphocytes. Conclusions A significant proportion of individuals within a population that is characterized by common expression of HLA class I alleles may possess lymphocytes that are not susceptible to influenza virus infection and thus to mutual virus-specific lysis. Further study may identify new approaches to limit influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana E Ochoa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ruksana Huda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Steven F Scheibel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David J Mock
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nayef El-Daher
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frank M Domurat
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Norbert J Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Ave, Room A619, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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14
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, Fleming EH, Roberts NJ. The role of cell surface expression of influenza virus neuraminidase in induction of human lymphocyte apoptosis. Virology 2019; 534:80-86. [PMID: 31220651 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunopathological mechanisms as well as the role played by influenza A virus infection of human leukocytes and induction of apoptosis have not been fully elucidated. We confirm here that the percentage of cells that are infected is less than the percent of apoptotic cells. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages and depletion of cells expressing influenza neuraminidase from the cultures after exposure to virus decreased lymphocyte apoptosis. Treatment of virus-exposed leukocyte cultures with anti-neuraminidase antibodies but not with anti-hemagglutinin antibodies, reduced lymphocyte production of active caspase-3 and induction of apoptosis. Different strains of virus induced different levels of apoptosis. Variations in induction of apoptosis correlated with production and expression of viral neuraminidase by infected leukocytes. The data suggest that cell surface expression of neuraminidase plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis in human lymphocytes. The benefit, or cost, to the host of lymphocyte apoptosis warrants continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean A Niles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elisa H Fleming
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Norbert J Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Mock DJ, Frampton MW, Nichols JE, Domurat FM, Signs DJ, Roberts NJ. Influenza Virus Infection of Human Lymphocytes Occurs in the Immune Cell Cluster of the Developing Antiviral Response. Viruses 2018; 10:E420. [PMID: 30103427 PMCID: PMC6115886 DOI: 10.3390/v10080420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes-macrophages and lymphocytes are recruited to the respiratory tract in response to influenza virus challenge and are exposed to the virus during the establishment of immune defenses. The susceptibility of human lymphocytes to infection was assessed. The presence of monocytes-macrophages was required to attain infection of both resting and proliferating lymphocytes. Lymphocyte infection occurred in the context of immune cell clusters and was blocked by the addition of anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibody to prevent cell clustering. Both peripheral blood-derived and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes were susceptible to infection. Both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes were susceptible to influenza virus infection, and the infected CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes served as infectious foci for other nonpermissive or even virus-permissive cells. These data show that monocytes-macrophages and both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes can become infected during the course of an immune response to influenza virus challenge. The described leukocyte interactions during infection may play an important role in the development of effective anti-influenza responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Mock
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Mark W Frampton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Frank M Domurat
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Denise J Signs
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Norbert J Roberts
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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16
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Nichols JE, La Francesca S, Niles JA, Vega SP, Argueta LB, Frank L, Christiani DC, Pyles RB, Himes BE, Zhang R, Li S, Sakamoto J, Rhudy J, Hendricks G, Begarani F, Liu X, Patrikeev I, Pal R, Usheva E, Vargas G, Miller A, Woodson L, Wacher A, Grimaldo M, Weaver D, Mlcak R, Cortiella J. Production and transplantation of bioengineered lung into a large-animal model. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/452/eaao3926. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inability to produce perfusable microvasculature networks capable of supporting tissue survival and of withstanding physiological pressures without leakage is a fundamental problem facing the field of tissue engineering. Microvasculature is critically important for production of bioengineered lung (BEL), which requires systemic circulation to support tissue survival and coordination of circulatory and respiratory systems to ensure proper gas exchange. To advance our understanding of vascularization after bioengineered organ transplantation, we produced and transplanted BEL without creation of a pulmonary artery anastomosis in a porcine model. A single pneumonectomy, performed 1 month before BEL implantation, provided the source of autologous cells used to bioengineer the organ on an acellular lung scaffold. During 30 days of bioreactor culture, we facilitated systemic vessel development using growth factor–loaded microparticles. We evaluated recipient survival, autograft (BEL) vascular and parenchymal tissue development, graft rejection, and microbiome reestablishment in autografted animals 10 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after transplant. BEL became well vascularized as early as 2 weeks after transplant, and formation of alveolar tissue was observed in all animals (n = 4). There was no indication of transplant rejection. BEL continued to develop after transplant and did not require addition of exogenous growth factors to drive cell proliferation or lung and vascular tissue development. The sterile BEL was seeded and colonized by the bacterial community of the native lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Jean A. Niles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Stephanie P. Vega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Luba Frank
- Department of Radiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Environmental, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology Department, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard B. Pyles
- Galveston National Laboratory, Assay Development Core, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Environmental, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology Department, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Su Li
- Environmental, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology Department, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Sakamoto
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Rhudy
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Greg Hendricks
- Radiology Division of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Filippo Begarani
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Emiliya Usheva
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Grace Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Galveston National Laboratory, Assay Development Core, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Lee Woodson
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Adam Wacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria Grimaldo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Daniil Weaver
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ron Mlcak
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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17
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Fleming EH, Ochoa EE, Nichols JE, O'Banion MK, Salkind AR, Roberts NJ. Reduced activation and proliferation of human lymphocytes exposed to respiratory syncytial virus compared to cells exposed to influenza virus. J Med Virol 2017; 90:26-33. [PMID: 28856681 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) may infect human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) during the immune response to viral challenge as the cells are recruited to the respiratory tract. The current studies demonstrated differences in PBMC responses to the two viruses very early after exposure, including reduced fos protein and CD69 expression and IL-2 production by RSV-exposed T lymphocytes. Exposure to RSV resulted in reduced lymphocyte proliferation despite evidence of a virus-specific T lymphocyte frequency equivalent to that for influenza virus. Reduced RSV-induced proliferation was not due to apoptosis, which was itself reduced relative to that of influenza virus-exposed T lymphocytes. The data indicate that differential immune responses to RSV and influenza virus are determined early after exposure of human PBMC and support the concept that the anamnestic immune response that might prevent clinically evident reinfection is attenuated very soon after exposure to RSV. Thus, candidate RSV vaccines should be expected to reduce but not prevent clinical illness upon subsequent infection by RSV. Furthermore, effective therapeutic agents for RSV are likely to be needed, especially for high-risk populations, even after vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa H Fleming
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Eliana E Ochoa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Alan R Salkind
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Norbert J Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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18
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Ettensohn DB, Frampton MW, Nichols JE, Roberts NJ. Human Alveolar Macrophages May Not Be Susceptible to Direct Infection by a Human Influenza Virus. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1658-1665. [PMID: 27601618 PMCID: PMC5144727 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current studies were undertaken to determine the susceptibility of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in comparison with autologous peripheral blood-derived monocytes-macrophages (PBMs). AMs and PBMs were exposed to IAV in vitro and examined for their ability to bind and internalize IAV, and synthesize viral proteins and RNA. PBMs but not AMs demonstrated binding and internalization of the virus, synthesizing viral proteins and RNA. Exposure of AMs in the presence of a sialidase inhibitor or anti-IAV antibody resulted in viral protein synthesis by the cells. Exposure of AMs to fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled IAV in the presence of anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate antibody also resulted in viral protein synthesis. Thus, human AMs are apparently not susceptible to direct infection by a human IAV but are likely to be infected indirectly in the setting of exposure in the presence of antibody that binds the challenging strain of IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Ettensohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine
| | - Mark W Frampton
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Norbert J Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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19
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Fernandez-Moure JS, Van Eps JL, Rhudy JR, Cabrera FJ, Acharya GS, Tasciotti E, Sakamoto J, Nichols JE. Porcine acellular lung matrix for wound healing and abdominal wall reconstruction: A pilot study. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731415626018. [PMID: 26977287 PMCID: PMC4765834 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415626018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical wound healing applications require bioprosthetics that promote cellular infiltration and vessel formation, metrics associated with increased mechanical strength and resistance to infection. Porcine acellular lung matrix is a novel tissue scaffold known to promote cell adherence while minimizing inflammatory reactions. In this study, we evaluate the capacity of porcine acellular lung matrix to sustain cellularization and neovascularization in a rat model of subcutaneous implantation and chronic hernia repair. We hypothesize that, compared to human acellular dermal matrix, porcine acellular lung matrix would promote greater cell infiltration and vessel formation. Following pneumonectomy, porcine lungs were processed and characterized histologically and by scanning electron microscopy to demonstrate efficacy of the decellularization. Using a rat model of subcutaneou implantation, porcine acellular lung matrices (n = 8) and human acellular dermal matrices (n = 8) were incubated in vivo for 6 weeks. To evaluate performance under mechanically stressed conditions, porcine acellular lung matrices (n = 7) and human acellular dermal matrices (n = 7) were implanted in a rat model of chronic ventral incisional hernia repair for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining to quantify cell infiltration and vessel formation. Porcine acellular lung matrices were shown to be successfully decellularized. Following subcutaneous implantation, macroscopic vessel formation was evident. Porcine acellular lung matrices demonstrated sufficient incorporation and showed no evidence of mechanical failure after ventral hernia repair. Porcine acellular lung matrices demonstrated significantly greater cellular density and vessel formation when compared to human acellular dermal matrix. Vessel sizes were similar across all groups. Cell infiltration and vessel formation are well-characterized metrics of incorporation associated with improved surgical outcomes. Porcine acellular lung matrices are a novel class of acellular tissue scaffold. The increased cell and vessel density may promote long-term improved incorporation and mechanical properties. These findings may be due to the native lung scaffold architecture guiding cell migration and vessel formation. Porcine acellular lung matrices represent a new alternative for surgical wound healing applications where increased cell density and vessel formation are sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Fernandez-Moure
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, Department of Biomimetic and Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Van Eps
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, Department of Biomimetic and Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica R Rhudy
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando J Cabrera
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, Department of Biomimetic and Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ghanashyam S Acharya
- Neurosensory Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, Department of Biomimetic and Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Sakamoto
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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20
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Nichols JE, La Francesca S, Vega SP, Niles JA, Argueta LB, Riddle M, Sakamoto J, Vargas G, Pal R, Woodson L, Rhudy J, Lee D, Seanor D, Campbell G, Schnadig V, Cortiella J. Giving new life to old lungs: methods to produce and assess whole human paediatric bioengineered lungs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2136-2152. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases; University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB); Galveston TX USA
| | | | | | - Jean A. Niles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases; University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB); Galveston TX USA
| | - Lissenya B. Argueta
- Department of Immunology; Weill Cornell Medical College New York; New York NY USA
| | | | | | - Grace Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; UTMB; Galveston TX USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; UTMB; Galveston TX USA
| | - Lee Woodson
- Shiners Hospital for Children; Galveston TX USA
| | - Jessica Rhudy
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - Dan Lee
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - David Seanor
- Hospital Clinical Engineering; UTMB; Galveston TX USA
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, Vega SP, Argueta LB, Eastaway A, Cortiella J. Modeling the lung: Design and development of tissue engineered macro- and micro-physiologic lung models for research use. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1135-69. [PMID: 24962174 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214536679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract specific cell populations, or tissue engineered in vitro grown human lung, have the potential to be used as research tools to mimic physiology, toxicology, pathology, as well as infectious diseases responses of cells or tissues. Studies related to respiratory tract pathogenesis or drug toxicity testing in the past made use of basic systems where single cell populations were exposed to test agents followed by evaluations of simple cellular responses. Although these simple single-cell-type systems provided good basic information related to cellular responses, much more can be learned from cells grown in fabricated microenvironments which mimic in vivo conditions in specialized microfabricated chambers or by human tissue engineered three-dimensional (3D) models which allow for more natural interactions between cells. Recent advances in microengineering technology, microfluidics, and tissue engineering have provided a new approach to the development of 2D and 3D cell culture models which enable production of more robust human in vitro respiratory tract models. Complex models containing multiple cell phenotypes also provide a more reasonable approximation of what occurs in vivo without the confounding elements in the dynamic in vivo environment. The goal of engineering good 3D human models is the formation of physiologically functional respiratory tissue surrogates which can be used as pathogenesis models or in the case of 2D screening systems for drug therapy evaluation as well as human toxicity testing. We hope that this manuscript will serve as a guide for development of future respiratory tract model systems as well as a review of conventional models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Jean A Niles
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Stephanie P Vega
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Lissenya B Argueta
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Adriene Eastaway
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Joaquin Cortiella
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Anesthesiology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, Vega SP, Cortiella J. Novel in vitro respiratory models to study lung development, physiology, pathology and toxicology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4 Suppl 1:S7. [PMID: 24565038 PMCID: PMC4028843 DOI: 10.1186/scrt368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed studies of lung pathology in patients during the course of development of acute lung injury or respiratory distress are limited, and in the past information related to lung-specific responses has been derived from the study of lungs from patients who died at autopsy or from animal models. Development of good in vitro human tissue models would help to bridge the gap in our current knowledge of lung responses and provide a better understanding of lung development, physiology and pathology. In vitro models of simple one-cell or two-cell culture systems as well as complex multicellular lung analogs that reproduce defined components of specific human lung responses have already been realized. A benefit of current in vitro lung models is that hypotheses generated from review of data from human or animal disease studies can be tested directly in engineered human tissue models. Results of studies done using simple in vitro lung systems or more complex three-dimensional models have already been used to examine cell-based responses, physiologic functions, pathologic changes and even drug toxicity or drug responses. In the future we will create models with specific genetic profiles to test the importance of single gene products or pathways of significance. Recent development of microfluidics-based models that support high-throughput screening will allow early-stage toxicity testing in human systems and faster development of new and innovative medical products. Model design in the future will also allow for evaluation of multiple organ systems at once, providing a more holistic or whole-body approach to understanding human physiology and responses.
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Nichols JE, Niles J, Riddle M, Vargas G, Schilagard T, Ma L, Edward K, La Francesca S, Sakamoto J, Vega S, Ogadegbe M, Mlcak R, Deyo D, Woodson L, McQuitty C, Lick S, Beckles D, Melo E, Cortiella J. Production and assessment of decellularized pig and human lung scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2045-62. [PMID: 23638920 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors have previously shown that acellular (AC) trachea-lung scaffolds can (1) be produced from natural rat lungs, (2) retain critical components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen-1 and elastin, and (3) be used to produce lung tissue after recellularization with murine embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to produce large (porcine or human) AC lung scaffolds to determine the feasibility of producing scaffolds with potential clinical applicability. We report here the first attempt to produce AC pig or human trachea-lung scaffold. Using a combination of freezing and sodium dodecyl sulfate washes, pig trachea-lungs and human trachea-lungs were decellularized. Once decellularization was complete we evaluated the structural integrity of the AC lung scaffolds using bronchoscopy, multiphoton microscopy (MPM), assessment of the ECM utilizing immunocytochemistry and evaluation of mechanics through the use of pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Immunocytochemistry indicated that there was loss of collagen type IV and laminin in the AC lung scaffold, but retention of collagen-1, elastin, and fibronectin in some regions. MPM scoring was also used to examine the AC lung scaffold ECM structure and to evaluate the amount of collagen I in normal and AC lung. MPM was used to examine the physical arrangement of collagen-1 and elastin in the pleura, distal lung, lung borders, and trachea or bronchi. MPM and bronchoscopy of trachea and lung tissues showed that no cells or cell debris remained in the AC scaffolds. PFT measurements of the trachea-lungs showed no relevant differences in peak pressure, dynamic or static compliance, and a nonrestricted flow pattern in AC compared to normal lungs. Although there were changes in content of collagen I and elastin this did not affect the mechanics of lung function as evidenced by normal PFT values. When repopulated with a variety of stem or adult cells including human adult primary alveolar epithelial type II cells both pig and human AC scaffolds supported cell attachment and cell viability. Examination of scaffolds produced using a variety of detergents indicated that detergent choice influenced human immune response in terms of T cell activation and chemokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 66555-0435, USA.
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, DeWitt D, Prough D, Parsley M, Vega S, Cantu A, Lee E, Cortiella J. Neurogenic and neuro-protective potential of a novel subpopulation of peripheral blood-derived CD133+ ABCG2+CXCR4+ mesenchymal stem cells: development of autologous cell-based therapeutics for traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23290300 PMCID: PMC3707064 DOI: 10.1186/scrt151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nervous system injuries comprise a diverse group of disorders that include traumatic brain injury (TBI). The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into neural cell types has aroused hope for the possible development of autologous therapies for central nervous system injury. METHODS In this study we isolated and characterized a human peripheral blood derived (HPBD) MSC population which we examined for neural lineage potential and ability to migrate in vitro and in vivo. HPBD CD133+, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2)+, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)+ MSCs were differentiated after priming with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) combined with trans-retinoic acid (RA) and culture in neural basal media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) or co-culture with neuronal cell lines. Differentiation efficiencies in vitro were determined using flow cytometry or fluorescent microscopy of cytospins made of FACS sorted positive cells after staining for markers of immature or mature neuronal lineages. RA-primed CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ human MSCs were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 24 hours after sham or traumatic brain injury (TBI). All animals were evaluated for spatial memory performance using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) Test. Histological examination of sham or TBI brains was done to evaluate MSC survival, migration and differentiation into neural lineages. We also examined induction of apoptosis at the injury site and production of MSC neuroprotective factors. RESULTS CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ MSCs consistently expressed markers of neural lineage induction and were positive for nestin, microtubule associated protein-1β (MAP-1β), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuron specific nuclear protein (NEUN) or type III beta-tubulin (Tuj1). Animals in the primed MSC treatment group exhibited MWM latency results similar to the uninjured (sham) group with both groups showing improvements in latency. Histological examination of brains of these animals showed that in uninjured animals the majority of MSCs were found in the lateral ventricle, the site of transplantation, while in TBI rats MSCs were consistently found in locations near the injury site. We found that levels of apoptosis were less in MSC treated rats and that MSCs could be shown to produce neurotropic factors as early as 2 days following transplantation of cells. In TBI rats, at 1 and 3 months post transplantation cells were generated which expressed markers of neural lineages including immature as well as mature neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PBD CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ MSCs have the potential for development as an autologous treatment for TBI and neurodegenerative disorders and that MSC derived cell products produced immediately after transplantation may aid in reducing the immediate cognitive defects of TBI.
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Abstract
Pulmonary disease is a worldwide public health problem that reduces the quality of life and increases the need for hospital admissions as well as the risk for premature death for those affected. For many patients, lung transplantation is the only chance for survival. Unfortunately, there is a significant shortage of lungs for transplantation and since the lung is the most likely organ to be damaged during procurement many lungs deemed unacceptable for transplantation are simply discarded. Rather than discarding these lungs they can be used to produce three-dimensional acellular (AC) natural lung scaffolds for the generation of engineered lung tissue. AC scaffolds are lungs whose original cells have been destroyed by exposure to detergents and physical methods of removing cells and cell debris. This creates a lung scaffold from the skeleton of the lungs themselves. The scaffolds are then used to support adult, stem or progenitor cells which can be grown into functional lung tissue. Recent studies show that engineered lung tissues are capable of surviving after in vivo transplantation and support limited gas exchange. In the future engineered lung tissue has the potential to be used in clinical applications to replace lung functions lost following injury or disease. This manuscript discusses recent advances in development and use of AC scaffolds to support engineering of lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-0435, USA.
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, Cortiella J. Design and development of tissue engineered lung: Progress and challenges. Organogenesis 2012; 5:57-61. [PMID: 19794900 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.2.8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Before we can realize our long term goal of engineering lung tissue worthy of clinical applications, advances in the identification and utilization of cell sources, development of standardized procedures for differentiation of cells, production of matrix tailored to meet the needs of the lung and design of methods or techniques of applying the engineered tissues into the injured lung environment will need to occur. Design of better biomaterials with the capacity to guide stem cell behavior and facilitate lung lineage choice as well as seamlessly integrate with living lung tissue will be achieved through advances in the development of decellularized matrices and new understandings related to the influence of extracellular matrix on cell behavior and function. We have strong hopes that recent developments in the engineering of conducting airway from decellularized trachea will lead to similar breakthroughs in the engineering of distal lung components in the future.
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Cortiella J, Niles J, Cantu A, Brettler A, Pham A, Vargas G, Winston S, Wang J, Walls S, Nichols JE. Influence of acellular natural lung matrix on murine embryonic stem cell differentiation and tissue formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 16:2565-80. [PMID: 20408765 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the first attempt to produce and use whole acellular (AC) lung as a matrix to support development of engineered lung tissue from murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We compared the influence of AC lung, Gelfoam, Matrigel, and a collagen I hydrogel matrix on the mESC attachment, differentiation, and subsequent formation of complex tissue. We found that AC lung allowed for better retention of cells with more differentiation of mESCs into epithelial and endothelial lineages. In constructs produced on whole AC lung, we saw indications of organization of differentiating ESC into three-dimensional structures reminiscent of complex tissues. We also saw expression of thyroid transcription factor-1, an immature lung epithelial cell marker; pro-surfactant protein C, a type II pneumocyte marker; PECAM-1/CD31, an endothelial cell marker; cytokeratin 18; alpha-actin, a smooth muscle marker; CD140a or platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha; and Clara cell protein 10. There was also evidence of site-specific differentiation in the trachea with the formation of sheets of cytokeratin-positive cells and Clara cell protein 10-expressing Clara cells. Our findings support the utility of AC lung as a matrix for engineering lung tissue and highlight the critical role played by matrix or scaffold-associated cues in guiding ESC differentiation toward lung-specific lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Cortiella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Zhou Z, Wang N, Woodson SE, Dong Q, Wang J, Liang Y, Rijnbrand R, Wei L, Nichols JE, Guo JT, Holbrook MR, Lemon SM, Li K. Antiviral activities of ISG20 in positive-strand RNA virus infections. Virology 2010; 409:175-88. [PMID: 21036379 PMCID: PMC3018280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ISG20 is an interferon-inducible 3′–5′ exonuclease that inhibits replication of several human and animal RNA viruses. However, the specificities of ISG20's antiviral action remain poorly defined. Here we determine the impact of ectopic expression of ISG20 on replication of several positive-strand RNA viruses from distinct viral families. ISG20 inhibited infections by cell culture-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and a picornavirus, hepatitis A virus. Moreover, ISG20 demonstrated cell-type specific antiviral activity against yellow fever virus, a classical flavivirus. Overexpression of ISG20, however, did not inhibit propagation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a highly-pathogenic human coronavirus in Huh7.5 cells. The antiviral effects of ISG20 were all dependent on its exonuclease activity. The closely related cellular exonucleases, ISG20L1 and ISG20L2, did not inhibit HCV replication. Together, these data may help better understand the antiviral specificity and action of ISG20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adult humans. Bone marrow can be cultured in vitro but few simple culture systems fully support hematopoiesis beyond a few months. Human bone marrow analogs are long-term in vitro cultures of marrow stromal and hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to produce cells and products normally harvested from human donors. Bone marrow analog systems should exhibit confluence of the stromal cell populations, persistence of hematopoietic progenitor cells, presence of active regions of hematopoiesis and capacity to produce mature cell types for extended periods of time. Although we are still years away from realizing clinical application of products formed by artificial bone marrow analogs, the process of transitioning this research tool from bench to bedside should be fairly straightforward. The most obvious application of artificial marrow would be for production of autologous hematopoietic CD34(+) stem cells as a stem cell therapy for individuals experiencing bone marrow failure due to disease or injury. Another logical application is for 'blood farming', a process for large-scale in vitro production of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, for transfusion or treatment. Other possibilities include production of nonhematopoietic stem cells such as osteogenic stromal cells, osteoblasts and rare pluripotent stem cells. Bone marrow analogs also have great potential as ex vivo human test systems and could play a critical role in drug discovery, drug development and toxicity testing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Laboratory of Regenerative & Nano-Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA.
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Nichols JE, Cortiella J, Lee J, Niles JA, Cuddihy M, Wang S, Bielitzki J, Cantu A, Mlcak R, Valdivia E, Yancy R, McClure ML, Kotov NA. In vitro analog of human bone marrow from 3D scaffolds with biomimetic inverted colloidal crystal geometry. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1071-9. [PMID: 19042018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro replicas of bone marrow can potentially provide a continuous source of blood cells for transplantation and serve as a laboratory model to examine human immune system dysfunctions and drug toxicology. Here we report the development of an in vitro artificial bone marrow based on a 3D scaffold with inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) geometry mimicking the structural topology of actual bone marrow matrix. To facilitate adhesion of cells, scaffolds were coated with a layer of transparent nanocomposite. After seeding with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), ICC scaffolds were capable of supporting expansion of CD34+ HSCs with B-lymphocyte differentiation. Three-dimensional organization was shown to be critical for production of B cells and antigen-specific antibodies. Functionality of bone marrow constructs was confirmed by implantation of matrices containing human CD34+ cells onto the backs of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with subsequent generation of human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Walling DM, Ray AJ, Nichols JE, Flaitz CM, Nichols CM. Epstein-Barr virus infection of Langerhans cell precursors as a mechanism of oral epithelial entry, persistence, and reactivation. J Virol 2007; 81:7249-68. [PMID: 17376908 PMCID: PMC1933305 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02754-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus associated with many malignant and nonmalignant human diseases. Life-long latent EBV persistence occurs in blood-borne B lymphocytes, while EBV intermittently productively replicates in mucosal epithelia. Although several models have previously been proposed, the mechanism of EBV transition between these two reservoirs of infection has not been determined. In this study, we present the first evidence demonstrating that EBV latently infects a unique subset of blood-borne mononuclear cells that are direct precursors to Langerhans cells and that EBV both latently and productively infects oral epithelium-resident cells that are likely Langerhans cells. These data form the basis of a proposed new model of EBV transition from blood to oral epithelium in which EBV-infected Langerhans cell precursors serve to transport EBV to the oral epithelium as they migrate and differentiate into oral Langerhans cells. This new model contributes fresh insight into the natural history of EBV infection and the pathogenesis of EBV-associated epithelial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Walling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA.
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Fleming EH, Kolokoltsov AA, Davey RA, Nichols JE, Roberts NJ. Respiratory syncytial virus F envelope protein associates with lipid rafts without a requirement for other virus proteins. J Virol 2006; 80:12160-70. [PMID: 17005642 PMCID: PMC1676292 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00643-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Like many enveloped viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) assembles at and buds from lipid rafts. Translocation of the envelope proteins to these membrane subdomains is essential for production of infectious virus, but the targeting mechanism is poorly understood and it is not known if other virus proteins are required. Here we demonstrate that F protein of RSV intrinsically targets to lipid rafts without a requirement for any other virus protein, including the SH and G envelope proteins. Recombinant virus deficient in SH and G but retaining F protein expression was used to demonstrate that F protein still localized in rafts in both A549 and HEp-2 cells. Expression of a recombinant F gene by use of plasmid vectors demonstrated that F contains its own targeting domain and localized to rafts in the absence of other virus proteins. The domain responsible for translocation was then mapped. Unlike most other virus envelope proteins, F is unusual since the target signal is not contained within the cytoplasmic domain nor did it involve fatty acid modified residues. Furthermore, exchange of the transmembrane domain with that of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, a nonraft protein, did not alter F protein raft localization. Taken together, these data suggest that domains present in the extracellular portion of the protein are responsible for lipid raft targeting of the RSV F protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa H Fleming
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
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Cortiella J, Nichols JE, Kojima K, Bonassar LJ, Dargon P, Roy AK, Vacant MP, Niles JA, Vacanti CA. Tissue-Engineered Lung: An In Vivo and In Vitro Comparison of Polyglycolic Acid and Pluronic F-127 Hydrogel/Somatic Lung Progenitor Cell Constructs to Support Tissue Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:1213-25. [PMID: 16771635 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a population of adult-derived or somatic lung progenitor cells (SLPC) from adult mammalian lung tissue and the promotion of alveolar tissue growth by these cells (both in vitro and in vivo) after seeding onto synthetic polymer scaffolds. After extended in vitro culture, differentiating cells expressed Clara cell 10kDa protein, surfactant protein-C, and cytokeratin but did not form organized structures. When cells were combined with synthetic scaffolds, polyglycolic acid (PGA) or Pluronic F-127 (PF-127), and maintained in vitro or implanted in vivo, they expressed lung-specific markers for Clara cells, pneumocytes, and respiratory epithelium and organized into identifiable pulmonary structures (including those similar to alveoli and terminal bronchi), with evidence of smooth muscle development. Although PGA has been shown to be an excellent polymer for culture of specific cell types in vitro, in vivo culture in an immunocompetent host induced a foreign body response that altered the integrity of the developing lung tissue. Use of PF-127/cell constructs resulted in the development of tissue with less inflammatory reaction. These data suggest that the therapeutic use of engineered tissues requires both the use of specific cell phenotypes, as well as the careful selection of synthetic polymers, to facilitate the assembly of functional tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Cortiella
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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Varma TK, Toliver-Kinsky TE, Lin CY, Koutrouvelis AP, Nichols JE, Sherwood ER. Cellular mechanisms that cause suppressed gamma interferon secretion in endotoxin-tolerant mice. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5249-63. [PMID: 11500393 PMCID: PMC98633 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.9.5249-5263.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) tolerance is a state of altered immunity characterized, in part, by suppression of LPS-induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression. However, the cellular mediators regulating LPS-induced production of IFN-gamma in normal mice and the effect of LPS tolerance on these mediators has not been well characterized. Our studies show that macrophage dysfunction is the primary factor causing suppressed IFN-gamma expression in LPS-tolerant mice. Specifically, LPS-tolerant macrophages have a markedly impaired ability to induce IFN-gamma secretion by T cells and NK cells obtained from either control or LPS-tolerant mice. However, T cells and NK cells isolated from LPS-tolerant mice produce normal levels of IFN-gamma when cocultured with control macrophages or exogenous IFN-gamma-inducing factors. Assessment of important IFN-gamma-regulating factors showed that interleukin-12 (IL-12) and costimulatory signals provided by IL-15, IL-18, and CD86 are largely responsible for LPS-induced IFN-gamma expression in control mice. IL-10 is an inhibitor of IFN-gamma production in both the control and LPS-tolerant groups. Expression of IL-12 and the IL-12 receptor beta1 (IL-12Rbeta1) and IL-12Rbeta2 subunits are suppressed in the spleens of LPS-tolerant mice. LPS-tolerant splenocytes also exhibit decreased production of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha. However, expression of IL-18 and the B7 proteins CD80 and CD86 are unchanged or increased compared to controls after induction of LPS tolerance. CD28, a major receptor for B7 proteins, is also increased in the spleens of LPS-tolerant mice. Expression of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 and the IL-10R are sustained after induction of LPS tolerance. These data show that suppression of IFN-gamma production in LPS-tolerant mice is largely due to macrophage dysfunction and provide insight into the cellular alterations that occur in LPS tolerance. This study also better defines the factors that mediate LPS-induced IFN-gamma production in normal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Varma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0591, USA
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Abstract
Infection of humans with influenza A virus (IAV) results in a severe transient leukopenia. The goal of these studies was to analyze possible mechanisms behind this IAV-induced leukopenia with emphasis on the potential induction of apoptosis of lymphocytes by the virus. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations after exposure to IAV showed that a portion of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD19(+) lymphocytes became apoptotic (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling positive). The percentage of cells that are infected was shown to be less than the percentage of apoptotic cells, suggesting that direct effects of cell infection by the virus cannot account fully for the high level of cell death. Removal of monocytes-macrophages after IAV exposure reduced the percent of lymphocytes that were apoptotic. Treatment of virus-exposed cultures with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha did not reduce the percentage of lymphocytes that were apoptotic. In virus-exposed cultures treated with anti-FasL antibody, recombinant soluble human Fas, Ac-DEVD-CHO (caspase-3 inhibitor), or Z-VAD-FMK (general caspase inhibitor), apoptosis and production of the active form of caspase-3 was reduced. The apoptotic cells were Fas-high-density cells while the nonapoptotic cells expressed a low density of Fas. The present studies showed that Fas-FasL signaling plays a major role in the induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes after exposure to IAV. Since the host response to influenza virus commonly results in recovery from the infection, with residual disease uncommon, lymphocyte apoptosis likely represents a part of an overall beneficial immune response but could be a possible mechanism of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Ave., Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA.
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Nichols JE, Higdon HL, Crane MM, Boone WR. Comparison of implantation and pregnancy rates in African American and white women in an assisted reproductive technology practice. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:80-4. [PMID: 11438323 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare IVF outcomes between infertile African American and white women. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Hospital-based IVF practice. PATIENT(S) Women undergoing IVF procedures between November 1996 and June 2000. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Implantation and pregnancy rates. RESULT(S) There were 24 African American and 273 white women < or =40 years of age who underwent 25 and 333 IVF cycles, respectively. African American women were more likely to have had tubal factor as a primary diagnosis, to have had a child, and to have undergone fewer previous assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles as compared to white women. No differences between the two groups for clinical variables were noted with the exception of body mass index (BMI [kg/m(2)], 27.1 in African Americans vs. 24.8 in whites). Implantation rates were higher in African American than in white women (35% vs. 23%, respectively). Pregnancy rates were 71% in African Americans and 48% in whites. After adjustment for tubal factor, BMI, and parity, the odds ratio for pregnancy in African American women versus white women increased from 2.6 to 3.3. CONCLUSION(S) This is the first study to demonstrate a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate in African American women as compared to white women undergoing ART. These data strongly contradict a recent study comparing the same two groups of women undergoing ART. We urge other ART centers to report their data pertaining to race.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nichols
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
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Frenkel LM, Mullins JI, Learn GH, Manns-Arcuino L, Herring BL, Kalish ML, Steketee RW, Thea DM, Nichols JE, Liu SL, Harmache A, He X, Muthui D, Madan A, Hood L, Haase AT, Zupancic M, Staskus K, Wolinsky S, Krogstad P, Zhao J, Chen I, Koup R, Ho D, Korber B, Apple RJ, Coombs RW, Pahwa S, Roberts NJ. Genetic evaluation of suspected cases of transient HIV-1 infection of infants. Science 1998; 280:1073-7. [PMID: 9582120 DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5366.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Frenkel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Zhao Y, Nichols JE, Valdez R, Mendelson CR, Simpson ER. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates aromatase gene expression in human adipose stromal cells through use of an activating protein-1 binding site upstream of promoter 1.4. Mol Endocrinol 1996; 10:1350-7. [PMID: 8923461 DOI: 10.1210/mend.10.11.8923461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of aromatase P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene) in human adipose stromal cells in primary culture is markedly stimulated by serum in the presence of dexamethasone (DEX). Under these conditions, the majority of P450arom transcripts contain untranslated exon 1.4 at their 5'-ends. Previously, we observed that the region of the CYP19 gene upstream of exon 1.4 contains a TATA-less promoter, a glucocorticoid response element, and an interferon-gamma-activating sequence. These act to mediate the action of interleukin-6 and related cytokines to stimulate aromatase expression in the presence of DEX. In the present study, we found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) also acts synergistically with DEX to stimulate aromatase expression in adipose stromal cells in serum-free medium. We observed that the action of TNF alpha can be mimicked by ceramide. Maximal aromatase activity was obtained when cells were incubated with 5 ng/ml TNF alpha or 100 nM ceramide in the presence of 250 nM DEX. Levels of c-fos and c-jun proteins also were increased by TNF alpha or ceramide in the presence of DEX. Upstream of the interferon-gamma-activating sequence site there is an imperfect activating protein-1 (AP-1) binding site (2-bp mismatch). Gel retardation analysis using nucleotide probes containing the putative AP-1-binding sequence and nuclear extracts of human adipose stromal cells cultured in the presence of TNF alpha or ceramide plus DEX revealed that adipose stromal cells nuclear proteins bind to this site and that binding was competed by a 100-fold excess of a consensus AP-1 sequence. In addition, binding activity was competed by both anti-c-fos and anti-c-jun sera. Mutation or deletion of the putative AP-1 element resulted in the loss of TNF alpha- plus DEX-induced activity of reporter constructs comprised of 515 bp of the exon 1.4 flanking sequence linked to the luciferase gene. These results suggest that TNF alpha, probably acting through ceramide formation, stimulates the binding of both c-fos and c-jun to the AP-1 element upstream of exon 1.4. These act cooperatively with the ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor to induce aromatase expression in adipose stromal cells in primary culture. We conclude that this TNF alpha signal transduction pathway may play an important role in the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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Simpson ER, Bulun SE, Nichols JE, Zhao Y. Estrogen biosynthesis in adipose tissue: regulation by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. J Endocrinol 1996; 150 Suppl:S51-7. [PMID: 8943787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E R Simpson
- Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235 9051, USA
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Crichton MB, Nichols JE, Zhao Y, Bulun SE, Simpson ER. Expression of transcripts of interleukin-6 and related cytokines by human breast tumors, breast cancer cells, and adipose stromal cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 118:215-20. [PMID: 8735608 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(96)03761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of transcripts of cytokines of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family has been examined in human breast tumors, breast cancer cell lines, and adipose stromal cells, by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification. Of the six breast tumor samples examined, all expressed transcripts encoding IL-6 and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). Four of the samples also expressed transcripts for oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-11, and three expressed the IL-6 receptor. Adipose stromal cells expressed IL-6, IL-11 and LIF, but not the IL-6 receptor, consistent with previous conclusions that IL-6 activity in these cells required addition of IL-6 soluble receptor. In the case of T47D cells, expression of IL-11 protein was confirmed by immunotitration. Moreover, in these cells, expression of IL-11 transcripts was induced 3-fold by addition of estradiol to the culture medium. These results add credence to our previous proposal that breast cancer development is regulated in part by local autocrine and paracrine mechanisms via epithelial/mesenchymal interactions, in which estrogen produced by stromal cells surrounding the tumor acts to stimulate the production of growth factors and cytokines by the tumor cells. Some of these may act to stimulate further the growth and development of the tumor, while these or other factors may act on the surrounding mesenchymal cells in a paracrine fashion to stimulate aromatase expression in the presence of glucocorticoids. Thus, a positive feedback loop is established which leads to the development and growth of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Crichton
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA 75235-9051
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Zhao Y, Nichols JE, Bulun SE, Mendelson CR, Simpson ER. Aromatase P450 gene expression in human adipose tissue. Role of a Jak/STAT pathway in regulation of the adipose-specific promoter. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:16449-57. [PMID: 7608217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.27.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present report we describe a heretofore unrecognized role for a Jak/STAT signaling pathway, namely the stimulation of expression of the aromatase P450 (CYP19) gene, and hence of estrogen biosynthesis, in human adipose tissue. Expression of this gene in adipose tissue as well as in adipose stromal cells maintained in the presence of serum and glucocorticoids is regulated by a distal TATA-less promoter, I.4, which contains a glucocorticoid response element, an Sp1 binding site, and an interferon-gamma activation site (GAS) element. The stimulatory action of serum (in the presence of dexamethasone) can be replaced by interleukin (IL)-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin-M, as well as by IL-6, providing the IL-6 soluble receptor is also present. Stimulation of the cells by these factors led to rapid phosphorylation of Jak1, but not Jak2 or Jak3, on tyrosine residues. STAT3 but not STAT1 was also phosphorylated and bound to the GAS element in the I.4 promoter region. When regions of this promoter were fused upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene and transfected into the cells, mutagenesis or deletion of the GAS element led to complete loss of reporter gene expression. Since adipose tissue is the major site of estrogen biosynthesis in men and in postmenopausal women, this pathway involving a Jak/STAT signaling mechanism acting together with glucocorticoids and Sp1 appears to be the principal means whereby estrogen biosynthesis is regulated in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9051, USA
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Nichols JE, Bulun SE, Simpson ER. Effects of conditioned medium from different cultured cell types on aromatase expression in adipose stromal cells. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1995; 2:45-50. [PMID: 9420848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum-free (SF) conditioned media (CM) from several human breast cancer cell lines and primary stromal cell cultures contain factor(s) that mimic the marked stimulatory effects of serum on aromatase activity and aromatase P450 (P450arom) gene expression in adipose stromal cells in culture (ASC) in the presence of dexamethasone (DEX). METHODS Adipose stromal cells, harvested from fresh adipose specimens, were grown to confluence, switched to SF media, and then incubated in the presence or absence of DEX with CM from T47-D breast cancer cells, pre-treated with or without 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and with CM from stromal cell cultures. Aromatase activity of the ASC was determined by the [3H] water release assay. Total RNA was isolated, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of various 5'-termini. RESULTS T47-D CM stimulated aromatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to that of serum, in ASC incubated with DEX. Estrogen potentiated this in a dose-dependent fashion. The ASC CM and endometrial stromal cell CM also markedly induced aromatase activity in ASC. Heat inactivation destroyed the stimulating ability of CM. The majority of P450arom 5'-termini expressed by ASC incubated with CM plus DEX contained the promoter I.4-specific sequence. CONCLUSIONS Conditioned media from several breast cancer cell lines and primary stromal cell cultures can mimic the effects of serum in the presence of DEX to stimulate aromatase activity in ASC. These results suggest that undefined, heat-labile and proteinaceous factors are present in CM that stimulate P450arom expression in a fashion similar to that of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nichols
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9051, USA
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el-Daher N, Nichols JE, Roberts NJ. Analysis of human antiviral cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses for vaccine trials using cryopreserved mononuclear leukocytes: demonstration of feasibility with influenza virus-specific responses. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1994; 1:487-92. [PMID: 8556490 PMCID: PMC368318 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.1.5.487-492.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of measuring virus-specific human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity by using cryopreserved mononuclear leukocytes to support clinical vaccine trials was addressed. Autologous fresh and cryopreserved cells from the same sample of peripheral blood were used as sources of CTL precursors and were tested for influenza virus-specific activity. The data indicated that virus-specific CTL activity could be measured by using cryopreserved cells; this could also be done in assays that are designed to characterize the responsible effector cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N el-Daher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642, USA
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Nichols JE, Mock DJ, Roberts NJ. Use of FITC-labeled influenza virus and flow cytometry to assess binding and internalization of virus by monocytes-macrophages and lymphocytes. Arch Virol 1993; 130:441-55. [PMID: 8517795 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The binding of influenza virus to the surface of cells and the internalization of virus particles by all or a subset of cells are key points in the pathogenesis of viral infection. The current studies established a method for discrimination of surface-bound from internalized influenza virus. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was attached to the viral hemagglutinin and neuroaminidase proteins; the fluorescent virus retained infectivity. A flow cytometric technique was then adapted for study of virus-cell interactions, with addition of ethidium bromide to quench green fluorescence associated with FITC-labeled virus that was cell-bound but remained external. Ethidium bromide was excluded by intact cell membranes, and internalized virions retained green fluorescence. Cells could be examined by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry, with flow cytometry allowing rapid, kinetic assessment of large numbers of cells and subsets of virus-exposed cells. The data showed that, whereas a majority of both monocytes-macrophages and lymphocytes bound influenza virus, a large percentage of monocytes-macrophages but only a very small percentage of lymphocytes internalized the virus. This procedure provides a simple and effective method to distinguish surface-bound from internalized influenza virus, and allows precise kinetic analyses on large numbers of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nichols
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York
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Abstract
The recognition of peritoneal fluid is of considerable clinical importance; however, the sensitivity of modern techniques for the detection of this finding has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of transvaginal sonography for the detection of free peritoneal fluid. Nineteen infertile women scheduled to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy were scanned with a 5-MHz transvaginal probe just before the surgical procedure. Peritoneal fluid was then aspirated laparoscopically, and the volume and location was compared to the sonographic findings. The volume of fluid obtained at laparoscopy ranged from 0 mL to 45 mL (median 8 mL). All patients with fluid volumes > or = 0.8 mL had free fluid identified sonographically. The location of fluid observed sonographically corresponded to that noted at laparoscopy in all cases. Free peritoneal fluid was visualized in 8 (73%) of 11 patients with regular menstrual cycles who were in the follicular phase at the time of the study. We conclude that transvaginal sonography is a sensitive and reliable method for the detection of free peritoneal fluid in anatomically normal women. This finding should not necessarily be considered abnormal, at least in women of reproductive age, nor should it be considered diagnostic of oocyte release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nichols
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233
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Nichols JE, Fitzgerald TF, Roberts NJ. Human macrophage responses to vaccine strains of influenza virus: synthesis of viral proteins, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 inhibitor. Vaccine 1993; 11:36-42. [PMID: 8427035 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between influenza viruses and human macrophages were examined to detect potential mechanisms for enhanced febrile reactions previously associated with administration of an avian-human H1N1 reassortant vaccine. Cells exposed to that strain were compared with cells exposed to wild-type and cold-adapted H1H1 and H3H2 strains and an avian-human H3N2 strain. Cells exposed to the avian-human H1N1 virus showed increased synthesis of viral neuraminidase, previously reported to induce fever-producing cytokines, but no detectable increase in production of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha measured by immunoassay, or decrease in interleukin-1 inhibitor activity by bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nichols
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY 14642
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Salkind AR, Nichols JE, Roberts NJ. Suppressed expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 and abrogation of leukocyte collaboration after exposure of human mononuclear leukocytes to respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. Comparison with exposure to influenza virus. J Clin Invest 1991; 88:505-11. [PMID: 1677945 PMCID: PMC295373 DOI: 10.1172/jci115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) exposed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produce net IL-1 inhibitor bioactivity with the anticipated consequences of cell cycle arrest, suppressed virus-specific proliferation, and reduced expression of activation markers. These studies were undertaken to investigate effects of exposure and resultant net IL-1 inhibitor activity on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and its ligand the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1). MNL collected at 1, 4, and 24 h after exposure to influenza virus (which induces net IL-1 bioactivity) showed enhanced expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 relative to sham-exposed MNL and exhibited cell clustering. In contrast, exposure to RSV was associated with suppressed expression of both ICAM-1 and LFA-1 and with minimal detectable cell clustering throughout the culture period. Influenza virus-exposed MNL produced significantly more IL-1 and IFN-gamma (which require cell-cell collaboration for optimal production) than did RSV-exposed MNL. These data raise the possibility that exposure of MNL to RSV fails to elicit or blocks the early events necessary for cellular collaboration, contributing to early suppression of the clonal expansion of RSV-specific lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Salkind
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642
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Salkind AR, McCarthy DO, Nichols JE, Domurat FM, Walsh EE, Roberts NJ. Interleukin-1-inhibitor activity induced by respiratory syncytial virus: abrogation of virus-specific and alternate human lymphocyte proliferative responses. J Infect Dis 1991; 163:71-7. [PMID: 1984478 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/163.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been shown to induce human mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) production of net interleukin-1 (IL-1)-inhibitor activity. In the current studies of IL-1-inhibitor effects, RSV-exposed cells were compared with autologous MNL that were sham-exposed or exposed to inactivated RSV or influenza virus (which induces net IL-1 activity and commonly elicits effective homotypic immunity). Exposure of MNL to influenza virus or inactivated RSV resulted in increased expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR, the IL-2 receptor, and the transferrin receptor and increased progression through the cell cycle by 3 days. In contrast, exposure to infectious RSV resulted in decreased marker expression and cell cycle arrest, with abrogation of proliferation in response to the virus or other stimuli. These data raise the possibility that a contributing mechanism for recurrence of RSV infection is early suppression of the clonal expansion of virus-specific lymphocytes due to net IL-1-inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Salkind
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, New York 14642
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McCarthy DO, Domurat FM, Nichols JE, Roberts NJ. Interleukin-1 inhibitor production by human mononuclear leukocytes and leukocyte subpopulations exposed to respiratory syncytial virus: analysis and comparison with the response to influenza virus. J Leukoc Biol 1989; 46:189-98. [PMID: 2788203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.46.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Net interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor activity is induced by exposure of purified human monocytes-macrophages to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Furthermore, IL-1 inhibitor activity was produced by monocytes-macrophages exposed to RSV in the presence of lymphocytes, that is, by unseparated mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). Purified RSV-exposed lymphocytes, as well as the lymphocytes exposed within MNL preparations, produced net IL-1 inhibitor activity. In contrast, net IL-1 activity was produced when purified monocytes-macrophages or unseparated MNL were exposed to influenza virus. The RSV-induced IL-1 inhibitors demonstrated antiproliferative effects on mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes as well as on the mouse thymocytes used in standard assays. The results raise the possibility that such antiproliferative activity is mediated, at least in part, by monocytes-macrophages. The data also suggest that IL-1 inhibitors produced by MNL after exposure to RSV may contribute along with other factors to the recurrence of RSV infection in immune individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY 14642
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