1
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Zafar H, Liu B, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA. Caspase-3-Responsive, Fluorogenic Bivalent Bottlebrush Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:571-576. [PMID: 38647178 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the access of proteases to cleavable peptides placed at specific locations within macromolecular architectures represents a powerful strategy for biologically responsive materials design. Here, we report the synthesis of peptide-containing bivalent bottlebrush (co)polymers (BBPs) featuring polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) pendants on each backbone repeat unit. The AMCs are linked via caspase-3-cleavable peptides which, upon enzymatic cleavage, provide a "turn-on" fluorescence signal due to the release of free AMC. Time-dependent fluorscence measurements demonstrate that the caspase-3-induced peptide cleavage and AMC release from BBPs is strongly dependent on the BBP backbone length and the AMC-peptide linker location within the BBP architecture, revealing fundamental insights into the interactions of enzymes with BBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Teo YC, Park EJ, Guo J, Abbas A, Smith RAA, Goh D, Yeong JPS, Cool S, Teo P. Bioactive PCL-Peptide and PLA-Peptide Brush Copolymers for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4770-4778. [PMID: 36101969 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the modular synthesis of bioactive brush-type polycaprolactone-peptide and polylactide-peptide copolymers for applications in bone tissue engineering. The brush copolymers containing pendant side chains of polycaprolactone (PCL) or polylactide (PLA) and PEGylated peptides, including linear Arg-Gly-Asp and collagen-like peptide (Gly-Pro-Hyp)3, were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization with high conversions and low dispersities (<1.5). These PCL-peptide and PLA-peptide copolymers exhibited good thermal stability for material processing using melt-extrusion-based methods. The copolymers were blended with commercial PCL or PLA, extruded into filaments, and 3D printed using fused filament fabrication methods. These bioactive PCL and PLA materials promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro and showed good biocompatibility in in vivo murine model study. The promising results presented herein will serve as a useful guide for the design and functionalization of PCL or PLA materials for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Chin Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Eun Ju Park
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Jiayi Guo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Asyraf Abbas
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Raymond Alexander Alfred Smith
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Denise Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Simon Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Peili Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
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3
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Theodorou A, Gounaris D, Voutyritsa E, Andrikopoulos N, Baltzaki CIM, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Rapid Oxygen-Tolerant Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Bioconjugates via Aqueous Copper-Mediated Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4241-4253. [PMID: 36067415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates usually requires extensive and costly deoxygenation procedures, thus limiting their availability and potential applications. In this work, we report the ultrafast synthesis of polymer-protein bioconjugates in the absence of any external deoxygenation via an aqueous copper-mediated methodology. Within 10 min and in the absence of any external stimulus such as light (which may limit the monomer scope and/or disrupt the secondary structure of the protein), a range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers could be successfully grafted from a BSA macroinitiator, yielding well-defined polymer-protein bioconjugates at quantitative yields. Our approach is compatible with a wide range of monomer classes such as (meth) acrylates, styrene, and acrylamides as well as multiple macroinitiators including BSA, BSA nanoparticles, and beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Notably, the synthesis of challenging protein-polymer-polymer triblock copolymers was also demonstrated, thus significantly expanding the scope of our strategy. Importantly, both lower and higher scale polymerizations (from 0.2 to 35 mL) were possible without compromising the overall efficiency and the final yields. This simple methodology paves the way for a plethora of applications in aqueous solutions without the need of external stimuli or tedious deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Dimitris Gounaris
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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4
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Blosch SE, Scannelli SJ, Alaboalirat M, Matson JB. Complex Polymer Architectures Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Practical Considerations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blosch
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Samantha J. Scannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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5
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Blosch SE, Alaboalirat M, Eades CB, Scannelli SJ, Matson JB. Solvent Effects in Grafting-through Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blosch
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Cabell B. Eades
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Samantha J. Scannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
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6
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Müllner M. Molecular polymer bottlebrushes in nanomedicine: therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5683-5716. [PMID: 35445672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer bottlebrushes are densely grafted, individual macromolecules with nanoscale proportions. The last decade has seen an increased focus on this material class, especially in nanomedicine and for biomedical applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of major developments in this area to highlight the many opportunities that these polymer architectures bring to nano-bio research. The article covers aspects of bottlebrush synthesis and summarises their use in drug and gene delivery, imaging, as theranostics and as prototype materials to correlate nanoparticle structure and composition to biological function and behaviour. Areas for future research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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7
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Berger O, Battistella C, Chen Y, Oktawiec J, Siwicka ZE, Tullman-Ercek D, Wang M, Gianneschi NC. Mussel Adhesive-Inspired Proteomimetic Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4383-4392. [PMID: 35238544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a synthetic polymer proteomimetic is described that reconstitutes the key structural elements and function of mussel adhesive protein. The proteomimetic was prepared via graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a norbornenyl-peptide monomer. The peptide was derived from the natural underwater glue produced by marine mussels that is composed of a highly repetitive 10 amino acid tandem repeat sequence. The hypothesis was that recapitulation of the repeating unit in this manner would provide a facile route to a nature-inspired adhesive. To this end, the material, in which the arrangement of peptide units was as side chains on a brush polymer rather than in a linear fashion as in the natural protein, was examined and compared to the native protein. Mechanical measurements of adhesion forces between solid surfaces revealed improved adhesion properties over the natural protein, making this strategy attractive for diverse applications. One such application is demonstrated, using the polymers as a surface adhesive for the immobilization of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yusu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zofia E Siwicka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Messina MS, Maynard HD. Modification of Proteins Using Olefin Metathesis. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2020; 4:1040-1051. [PMID: 34457313 PMCID: PMC8388616 DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has revolutionized synthetic approaches to carbon-carbon bond formation. With a rich history beginning in industrial settings through its advancement in academic laboratories leading to new and highly active metathesis catalysts, olefin metathesis has found use in the generation of complex natural products, the cyclization of bioactive materials, and in the polymerization of new and unique polymer architectures. Throughout this review, we will trace the deployment of olefin metathesis-based strategies for the modification of proteins, a process which has been facilitated by the extensive development of stable, isolable, and highly active transition-metal-based metathesis catalysts. We first begin by summarizing early works which detail peptide modification strategies that played a vital role in identifying stable metathesis catalysts. We then delve into protein modification using cross metathesis and finish with recent work on the generation of protein-polymer conjugates through ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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10
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Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Gianneschi NC. Poly(peptide): Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles and Protein-like Polymers. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:400-413. [PMID: 31967781 PMCID: PMC11042489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Account, we describe the organization of functional peptides as densely arrayed side chains on polymer scaffolds which we introduce as a new class of material called poly(peptide). We describe two general classes of poly(peptide): (1) Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles (PPAs), which consist of block copolymers with a dense grouping of peptides arrayed as the side chains of the hydrophilic block and connected to a hydrophobic block that drives micelle assembly, and (2) Protein-like Polymers (PLPs), wherein peptide-brush polymers are composed from monomers, each containing a peptide side chain. Peptides organized in this manner imbue polymers or polymeric nanoparticles with a range of functional qualities inherent to their specific sequence. Therefore, polymers or nanoparticles otherwise lacking bioactivity or responsiveness to stimuli, once linked to a peptide of choice, can now bind proteins, enter cells and tissues, have controlled and switchable biodistribution patterns, and be enzyme substrates (e.g., for kinases, phosphatases, proteases). Indeed, where peptide substrates are incorporated, kinetically or thermodynamically driven morphological transitions can be enzymatically induced in the polymeric material. Synergistically, the polymer enforces changes in peptide activity and function by virtue of packing and constraining the peptide. The scaffold can protect peptides from proteolysis, change the pharmacokinetic profile of an intravenously injected peptide, increase the cellular uptake of an otherwise cell impermeable therapeutic peptide, or change peptide substrate activity entirely. Moreover, in addition to the sequence-controlled peptides (generated by solid phase synthesis), the polymer can carry its own sequence-dependent information, especially through living polymerization strategies allowing well-defined blocks and terminal labels (e.g., dyes, contrast agents, charged moieties). Hence, the two elements, peptide and polymer, cooperate to yield materials with unique function and properties quite apart from each alone. Herein, we describe the development of synthetic strategies for accessing these classes of biomolecule polymer conjugates. We discuss the utility of poly(peptide)-based materials in a range of biomedical applications, including imaging of diseased tissues (myocardial infarction and cancer), delivering small molecule drugs to tumors with high specificity, imparting cell permeability to otherwise impermeable peptides, protecting bioactive peptides from proteolysis in harsh conditions (e.g., stomach acid and whole blood), and transporting proteins into traditionally difficult-to-transfect cell types, including stem cells. Poly(peptide) materials offer new properties to both the constituent peptides and to the polymers, which can be tuned by the design of the oligopeptide sequence, degree of polymerization, peptide arrangement on the polymer backbone, and polymer backbone chemistry. These properties establish this approach as valuable for the development of peptides as medicines and materials in a range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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11
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Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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12
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Blum AP, Nelles DA, Hidalgo FJ, Touve MA, Sim DS, Madrigal AA, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - David A. Nelles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Deborah S. Sim
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - Assael A. Madrigal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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13
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Blum AP, Nelles DA, Hidalgo FJ, Touve MA, Sim DS, Madrigal AA, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15646-15649. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - David A. Nelles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Deborah S. Sim
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - Assael A. Madrigal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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14
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Paik BA, Mane SR, Jia X, Kiick KL. Responsive Hybrid (Poly)peptide-Polymer Conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8274-8288. [PMID: 29430300 PMCID: PMC5802422 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)peptide-polymer conjugates continue to garner significant interest in the production of functional materials given their composition of natural and synthetic building blocks that confer select and synergistic properties. Owing to opportunities to design predefined architectures and structures with different morphologies, these hybrid conjugates enable new approaches for producing micro- or nanomaterials. Their modular design enables the incorporation of multiple responsive properties into a single conjugate. This review presents recent advances in (poly)peptide-polymer conjugates for drug-delivery applications, with a specific focus on the utility of the (poly)peptide component in the assembly of particles and nanogels, as well as the role of the peptide in triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford A Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-3106
| | - Shivshankar R Mane
- The Institude For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711
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15
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Carlini A, Adamiak L, Gianneschi NC. Biosynthetic Polymers as Functional Materials. Macromolecules 2016; 49:4379-4394. [PMID: 27375299 PMCID: PMC4928144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of functional polymers encoded with biomolecules has been an extensive area of research for decades. As such, a diverse toolbox of polymerization techniques and bioconjugation methods has been developed. The greatest impact of this work has been in biomedicine and biotechnology, where fully synthetic and naturally derived biomolecules are used cooperatively. Despite significant improvements in biocompatible and functionally diverse polymers, our success in the field is constrained by recognized limitations in polymer architecture control, structural dynamics, and biostabilization. This Perspective discusses the current status of functional biosynthetic polymers and highlights innovative strategies reported within the past five years that have made great strides in overcoming the aforementioned barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea
S. Carlini
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lisa Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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16
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MMP-9 triggered self-assembly of doxorubicin nanofiber depots halts tumor growth. Biomaterials 2016; 98:192-202. [PMID: 27192421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A central challenge in cancer care is to ensure that therapeutic compounds reach their targets. One approach is to use enzyme-responsive biomaterials, which reconfigure in response to endogenous enzymes that are overexpressed in diseased tissues, as potential site-specific anti-tumoral therapies. Here we report peptide micelles that upon MMP-9 catalyzed hydrolysis reconfigure to form fibrillar nanostructures. These structures slowly release a doxorubicin payload at the site of action. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that the fibrillar depots are formed at the sites of MMP-9 overexpression giving rise to enhanced efficacy of doxorubicin, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth in an animal model.
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17
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Randolph LM, LeGuyader CLM, Hahn ME, Andolina CM, Patterson JP, Mattrey RF, Millstone JE, Botta M, Scadeng M, Gianneschi NC. Polymeric Gd-DOTA amphiphiles form spherical and fibril-shaped nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4230-4236. [PMID: 30155069 PMCID: PMC6013922 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00342g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gd3+-coordinated polymerizable analogue of the MRI contrast agent Gd-DOTA was used to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers, with hydrophilic blocks composed entirely of the polymerized contrast agent.
A Gd3+-coordinated polymerizable analogue of the MRI contrast agent Gd-DOTA was used to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers, with hydrophilic blocks composed entirely of the polymerized contrast agent. The resulting amphiphilic block copolymers assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) of spherical- or fibril-shape, each demonstrating enhanced relaxivity over Gd-DOTA. As an initial examination of their behavior in vivo, intraperitoneal (IP) injection of NPs into live mice was performed, showing long IP residence times, observed by MRI. Extended residence times for particles of well-defined morphology may represent a valuable design paradigm for treatment or diagnosis of peritoneal malignances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay M Randolph
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA . ;
| | - Clare L M LeGuyader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA . ;
| | - Michael E Hahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA . ; .,Department of Radiology , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA
| | - Christopher M Andolina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 4200 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA 15260 , USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA . ;
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA
| | - Jill E Millstone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 4200 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA 15260 , USA
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Alessandria , Italy
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093 , USA . ;
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18
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Li Y, Huang Y, Wang Z, Carniato F, Xie Y, Patterson JP, Thompson MP, Andolina CM, Ditri TB, Millstone JE, Figueroa JS, Rinehart JD, Scadeng M, Botta M, Gianneschi NC. Polycatechol Nanoparticle MRI Contrast Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:668-77. [PMID: 26681255 PMCID: PMC5441847 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic triblock copolymers containing Fe(III) -catecholate complexes formulated as spherical- or cylindrical-shaped micellar nanoparticles (SMN and CMN, respectively) are described as new T1-weighted agents with high relaxivity, low cytotoxicity, and long-term stability in biological fluids. Relaxivities of both SMN and CMN exceed those of established gadolinium chelates across a wide range of magnetic field strengths. Interestingly, shape-dependent behavior is observed in terms of the particles' interactions with HeLa cells, with CMN exhibiting enhanced uptake and contrast via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with SMN. These results suggest that control over soft nanoparticle shape will provide an avenue for optimization of particle-based contrast agents as biodiagnostics. The polycatechol nanoparticles are proposed as suitable for preclinical investigations into their viability as gadolinium-free, safe, and effective imaging agents for MRI contrast enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuran Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Yijun Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christopher M Andolina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Treffly B Ditri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jill E Millstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Joshua S Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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19
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Ma CD, Adamiak L, Miller DS, Wang X, Gianneschi NC, Abbott NL. Liquid Crystal Interfaces Programmed with Enzyme-Responsive Polymers and Surfactants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5747-5751. [PMID: 26418129 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of biologically active peptide-polymer amphiphiles (PPAs), and characterization of assemblies formed by PPAs at the interfaces of liquid crystal (LC) microdroplets, is shown to permit the use of PPAs in strategies that can trigger ordering transitions in LC microdroplets in response to targeted biomolecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Derek Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Lisa Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel S Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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20
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Bell NC, Doyle SJ, Battistelli G, LeGuyader CLM, Thompson MP, Poe AM, Montalti M, Thayumanavan S, Tauber MJ, Gianneschi NC. Dye Encapsulation in Polynorbornene Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9707-9717. [PMID: 26305151 PMCID: PMC4921242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation efficiency of high-Tg polynorbornene micelles was probed with a hydrophobic dye 2,6-diiodoboron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY). Changes in the visible absorption spectra of aggregated versus monomeric dye molecules provided a probe for assessing encapsulation. Polynorbornene micelles are found to be capable of loading up to one BODIPY dye per ten polymers. As the hydrophilic block size increased in the polymeric amphiphiles, more of the dye was incorporated within the micelles. This result is consistent with the dye associating with the polymer backbone in the shell of the micelles. The encapsulation rate varied significantly with temperature, and a slight dependence on micellar morphology was also noted. Additionally, we report a 740 μs triplet lifetime for the encapsulated BODIPY dye. The lifetime is the longest ever recorded for a BODIPY triplet excited state at room temperature and is attributed to hindered triplet-triplet annihilation in the high-viscosity micellar shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia C. Bell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0343, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samantha J. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0343, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Giulia Battistelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Clare L. M. LeGuyader
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0343, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0343, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ambata M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Massachusetts 01003-9336, USA
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Massachusetts 01003-9336, USA
| | - Michael J. Tauber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0343, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0343, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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21
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Peng ZH, Kopeček J. HPMA Copolymer CXCR4 Antagonist Conjugates Substantially Inhibited the Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1240-1243. [PMID: 25621190 PMCID: PMC4299399 DOI: 10.1021/mz5006537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
(HPMA) copolymer–CXCR4
antagonist (BKT140) conjugate (P-BKT140) was developed and its biological
activities were tested. Both free BKT140 and monomer MA-GGPLGLAG-BKT140
(MA is methacryloyl) were prepared by solid phase synthesis. P-BKT140
was prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer
(RAFT) copolymerization of monomers HPMA and MA-GGPLGLAG-BKT140. The
in vitro results show that the free BKT140 and P-BKT140 have similar
cytotoxicity against human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, indicating
that conjugation of BKT140 to HPMA did not significantly impact the
cytotoxicity of BKT140. Both BKT140 and P-BKT140 inhibited the CXCL12-induced
migration of PC-3 prostate cancer cells, but the P-BKT140 conjugate
possessed a substantially higher inhibition activity than free BKT140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Peng
- Departments of †Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD and ‡Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Departments of †Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD and ‡Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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23
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Kalafatovic D, Nobis M, Javid N, Frederix PWJM, Anderson KI, Saunders BR, Ulijn RV. MMP-9 triggered micelle-to-fibre transitions for slow release of doxorubicin. Biomater Sci 2014. [PMID: 26218115 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenylacetyl-peptide amphiphiles were designed, which upon cleavage by a disease-associated enzyme reconfigure from micellar aggregates to fibres. Upon this morphological change, a doxorubicin payload could be retained in the fibres formed, which makes them valuable carriers for localised formation of nanofibre depots for slow release of hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kalafatovic
- West CHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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24
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Blum AP, Kammeyer JK, Yin J, Crystal DT, Rush AM, Gilson MK, Gianneschi NC. Peptides displayed as high density brush polymers resist proteolysis and retain bioactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15422-37. [PMID: 25314576 PMCID: PMC4227725 DOI: 10.1021/ja5088216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a strategy for rendering peptides resistant to proteolysis by formulating them as high-density brush polymers. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by polymerizing well-established cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and showing that the resulting polymers are not only resistant to proteolysis but also maintain their ability to enter cells. The scope of this design concept is explored by studying the proteolytic resistance of brush polymers composed of peptides that are substrates for either thrombin or a metalloprotease. Finally, we demonstrate that the proteolytic susceptibility of peptide brush polymers can be tuned by adjusting the density of the polymer brush and offer in silico models to rationalize this finding. We contend that this strategy offers a plausible method of preparing peptides for in vivo use, where rapid digestion by proteases has traditionally restricted their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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25
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James C, Rush AM, Insley T, Vuković L, Adamiak L, Král P, Gianneschi NC. Poly(oligonucleotide). J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11216-9. [PMID: 25077676 PMCID: PMC4140503 DOI: 10.1021/ja503142s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the preparation of poly(oligonucleotide) brush polymers and amphiphilic brush copolymers from nucleic acid monomers via graft-through polymerization. We describe the polymerization of PNA-norbornyl monomers to yield poly-PNA (poly(peptide nucleic acid)) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with the initiator, (IMesH2)(C5H5N)2(Cl)2RuCHPh.1 In addition, we present the preparation of poly-PNA nanoparticles from amphiphilic block copolymers and describe their hybridization to a complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie
R. James
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony M. Rush
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Thomas Insley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lisa Adamiak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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26
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Molev G, Lu Y, Kim KS, Majdalani IC, Guerin G, Petrov S, Walker G, Manners I, Winnik MA. Organometallic–Polypeptide Diblock Copolymers: Synthesis by Diels–Alder Coupling and Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly to Uniform Truncated Elliptical Lamellae. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402441y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Molev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yijie Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kris Sanghyun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Chab Majdalani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald Guerin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srebri Petrov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilbert Walker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom BS8 1TS
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Thompson MP, Randolph LM, James CR, Davalos AN, Hahn ME, Gianneschi NC. Labelling Polymers and Micellar Nanoparticles via Initiation, Propagation and Termination with ROMP. Polym Chem 2014; 5:1954-1964. [PMID: 24855496 PMCID: PMC4023353 DOI: 10.1039/c3py01338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we compare and contrast three approaches for labelling polymers with functional groups via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). We explored the incorporation of functionality via initiation, termination and propagation employing an array of novel initiators, termination agents and monomers. The goal was to allow the generation of selectively labelled and well-defined polymers that would in turn lead to the formation of labelled nanomaterials. Norbornene analogues, prepared as functionalized monomers for ROMP, included fluorescent dyes (rhodamine, fluorescein, EDANS, and coumarin), quenchers (DABCYL), conjugatable moieties (NHS esters, pentafluorophenyl esters), and protected amines. In addition, a set of symmetrical olefins for terminally labelling polymers, and for the generation of initiators in situ is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.. Fax: XX XXXX XXXX; Tel: XX XXXX XXXX
| | - Lyndsay M. Randolph
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.. Fax: XX XXXX XXXX; Tel: XX XXXX XXXX
| | - Carrie R. James
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.. Fax: XX XXXX XXXX; Tel: XX XXXX XXXX
| | - Ashley N. Davalos
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.. Fax: XX XXXX XXXX; Tel: XX XXXX XXXX
| | - Michael E. Hahn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.. Fax: XX XXXX XXXX; Tel: XX XXXX XXXX
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.. Fax: XX XXXX XXXX; Tel: XX XXXX XXXX
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28
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Chien MP, Carlini AS, Hu D, Barback CV, Rush AM, Hall DJ, Orr G, Gianneschi NC. Enzyme-directed assembly of nanoparticles in tumors monitored by in vivo whole animal imaging and ex vivo super-resolution fluorescence imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18710-3. [PMID: 24308273 DOI: 10.1021/ja408182p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase enzymes, overexpressed in HT-1080 human fibrocarcinoma tumors, were used to guide the accumulation and retention of an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle in a xenograft mouse model. The nanoparticles were prepared as micelles from amphiphilic block copolymers bearing a simple hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic peptide brush. The polymers were end-labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 dyes leading to the formation of labeled micelles upon dialysis of the polymers from DMSO/DMF to aqueous buffer. This dye-labeling strategy allowed the presence of the retained material to be visualized via whole animal imaging in vivo and in ex vivo organ analysis following intratumoral injection into HT-1080 xenograft tumors. We propose that the material is retained by virtue of an enzyme-induced accumulation process whereby particles change morphology from 20 nm spherical micelles to micrometer-scale aggregates, kinetically trapping them within the tumor. This hypothesis is tested here via an unprecedented super-resolution fluorescence analysis of ex vivo tissue slices confirming a particle size increase occurs concomitantly with extended retention of responsive particles compared to unresponsive controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ping Chien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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29
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Kammeyer JK, Blum AP, Adamiak L, Hahn ME, Gianneschi NC. Polymerization of Protecting-Group-Free Peptides via ROMP. Polym Chem 2013; 41:3929-3933. [PMID: 24015154 PMCID: PMC3762507 DOI: 10.1039/c3py00526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to survey the tolerance of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with respect to amino acid (a.a) identity of pentapeptide-modified norbornene-based monomers. A library of norbornyl-pentapeptides were prepared with the general structure, norbornyl-GX2PLX5, where residue 'X' was changed at each of the two positions (2 or 5) alternately to consist of the natural amino acids F, A, V, R, S, K, N, T, M, Q, H, W, C, Y, E, Q, and D. Each peptide monomer, free of protecting groups, was mixed in turn under a standard set of polymerization conditions with the ROMP initiator (IMesH2)C5H5N)2(Cl)2Ru=CHPh. Two sets of polymerization reactions were performed, one with Monomer:Initiator (M:I) ratio of 20:1, and another with M:I of 200:1. For the nucleophilic amino acids cysteine and lysine, polymerization reactions were quantitatively compared to those of their protected analogues. Furthermore, we describe polymerization of macromonomers containing up to 30 a.a. to test for tolerance of ROMP to peptide molecular weight. These reactions were studied via SEC-MALS and NMR. Finally, with knowledge of sequence scope in hand, we prepared a set of enzyme-substrate containing brush polymers and studied them with respect to their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelin K. Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael E. Hahn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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