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López-Salas L, Díaz-Moreno J, Ciulu M, Borrás-Linares I, Quirantes-Piné R, Lozano-Sánchez J. Monitoring the Phenolic and Terpenic Profile of Olives, Olive Oils and By-Products throughout the Production Process. Foods 2024; 13:1555. [PMID: 38790855 PMCID: PMC11121151 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive oil is a food of great importance in the Mediterranean diet and culture. However, during its production, the olive oil industry generates a large amount of waste by-products that can be an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and terpenes, revalorizing them in the context of the circular economy. Therefore, it is of great interest to study the distribution and abundance of these bioactive compounds in the different by-products. This research is a screening focused on phytochemical analysis, with particular emphasis on the identification and quantification of the phenolic and terpenic fractions. Both the main products of the olive industry (olives, olive paste and produced oil) and the by-products generated throughout the oil production process (leaf, "alpeorujo", liquid and solid residues generated during decanting commonly named "borras" and washing water) were analyzed. For this purpose, different optimized extraction procedures were performed for each matrix, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS) analysis. Although no phenolic alcohols were quantified in the leaf and the presence of secoiridoids was low, this by-product was notable for its flavonoid (720 ± 20 µg/g) and terpene (5000 ± 300 µg/g) contents. "Alpeorujo" presented a complete profile of compounds of interest, being abundant in phenolic alcohols (900 ± 100 µg/g), secoiridoids (4500 ± 500 µg/g) and terpenes (1200 ± 100 µg/g), among others. On the other hand, while the solid residue of the borras was the most abundant in phenolic alcohols (3700 ± 200 µg/g) and secoiridoids (680 ± 20 µg/g), the liquid fraction of this waste was notable for its content of elenolic acid derivatives (1700 ± 100 µg/mL) and phenolic alcohols (3000 ± 300 µg/mL). Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first time that the terpene content of this by-product has been monitored, demonstrating that it is an important source of these compounds, especially maslinic acid (120 ± 20 µg/g). Finally, the phytochemical content in wash water was lower than expected, and only elenolic acid derivatives were detected (6 ± 1 µg/mL). The results highlighted the potential of the olive by-products as possible alternative sources of a wide variety of olive bioactive compounds for their revalorization into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Salas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Javier Díaz-Moreno
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Marco Ciulu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (J.L.-S.)
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Binou P, Stergiou A, Kosta O, Tentolouris N, Karathanos VT. Positive contribution of hydroxytyrosol-enriched wheat bread to HbA 1c levels, lipid profile, markers of inflammation and body weight in subjects with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03133-9. [PMID: 37017765 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the daily consumption of bread enriched with hydroxytyrosol on HbA1c and blood lipid levels, inflammatory markers and weight loss. METHODS Sixty adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (29 male, 31 female) participated in a 12-week dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet and consumed daily 60 g of conventional whole wheat bread (WWB) or whole wheat bread enriched with hydroxytyrosol (HTB). Anthropometric characteristics were measured and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS Both groups experienced significant weight loss, body fat and waist circumference decrease (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, a greater body fat mass decrease was observed in the HTB group compared to the WWB group (14.4 ± 1.6 vs 10.2 ± 1.1%, p = 0.038). Significant reductions were also reported in fasting glucose, HbA1c and blood pressure in both groups (p < 0.05). Regarding glucose and HbA1c, greater decreases were observed in the intervention group (101.4 ± 19.9 vs. 123.2 ± 43.4 mg/dL, p = 0.015 and 6.0 ± 0.6 vs. 6.4 ± 0.9%, p = 0.093, respectively). At HTB group, significant reductions in blood lipid, insulin, TNF-αand adiponectin levels (p < 0.05) and a marginally significant reduction in leptin levels (p = 0.081) were also reported. CONCLUSION Enrichment of bread with HT resulted in significant body fat mass reduction and positive effects on fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c levels. It also contributed to reductions in inflammatory markers and blood lipid levels. Incorporation of HT in staple foods, like bread, may improve their nutritional profile and, in terms of a balanced diet, may contribute to the management of chronic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (24th May 2021). CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT04899791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Binou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Athena Stergiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Kosta
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Noguera-Navarro C, Montoro-García S, Orenes-Piñero E. Hydroxytyrosol: Its role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12963. [PMID: 36704293 PMCID: PMC9871206 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, non-pharmacology treatments and their effectiveness have gained popularity due to their beneficial properties in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Phenolic compounds intake provides a natural means of improving in vivo antioxidant status. Thus, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential benefits of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in preventing and reducing cardiovascular risk factors, concretely atherosclerosis. Closer inspection of the studies showed a significant improvement of lipid profile, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory state. A note of caution is due in vitro studies because the lack of validated approaches difficult the goodness of fit with the in vivo and clinical research. However, animal and clinical studies were very encouraging, determining HT supplementation useful on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function and cardiovascular diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Noguera-Navarro
- Izpisua Lab, HiTech, Sport and Health Innovation Hub, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Montoro-García
- Izpisua Lab, HiTech, Sport and Health Innovation Hub, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esteban Orenes-Piñero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain,Corresponding author.
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Razmpoosh E, Abdollahi S, Mousavirad M, Clark CCT, Soltani S. The effects of olive leaf extract on cardiovascular risk factors in the general adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:151. [PMID: 36271405 PMCID: PMC9585795 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) supplementation on cardiovascular-related variables, including lipid, glycemic, inflammatory, liver and renal-related factors, as well as blood pressure. METHODS PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched, up to October 2021, for relevant controlled trials. Mean differences and standard deviations were pooled for all outcomes, using a random-effects model. The methodological quality, as well as quality of evidence were assessed using standard tools. RESULTS Twelve studies (n = 819 participants) were included in our analyses. Overall analyses showed that OLE supplementation significantly decreased triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = - 9.51 mg/dl, 95% CI - 17.83, - 1.18; P = 0.025; I2 = 68.7%; P-heterogeneity = 0.004), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD = - 3.86 mmHg, 95% CI - 6.44, - 1.28 mmHg; P = 0.003; I2 = 19.9%; P-heterogeneity = 0.28). Subgroup analyses also revealed a significant improvement in SBP (- 4.81 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (- 2.45 mmHg), TG (- 14.42 mg/dl), total cholesterol (TC) (- 9.14 mg/dl), and low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) (- 4.6 mg/dl) measurements, in patients with hypertension. Significant reductions were also observed in TC (- 6.69 mg/dl), TG (- 9.21 mg/dl), and SBP (- 7.05 mmHg) in normal-weight individuals. However, no meaningful changes were seen in glucose hemostasis, liver and kidney, or inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that supplementation with OLE yielded beneficial effects for blood pressure and lipid profile in adults, especially in patients with hypertension. As the quality of evidence for glucose hemostasis variables, liver, kidney, and inflammatory markers, were low-to-very low, higher quality RCTs may impact the overarching results. This study was registered at PROSPERO with the code CRD42022302395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Razmpoosh
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mousavirad
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Morgana NM, Magdalena E, Angeles FMDL, Fernanda SM. NADES for food industry innovation: novel bioadditives based on olive oil byproducts. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Quirós-Fernández R, López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Palma Milla S, Zangara A, Candela CG. Oral Supplement Containing Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Dyslipidemia in an Adult Population without Co-Adjuvant Treatment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled and Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091879. [PMID: 35565844 PMCID: PMC9103949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects. This study evaluated the effect of an oral supplement containing HT and PC (SAx) on dyslipidemia in an adult population. A randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial was conducted over a 20-week period. SAx significantly reduced the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) (from 200.67 ± 51.38 to 155.33 ± 42.44 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while no such effects were observed in these subjects after the placebo. SAx also significantly decreased the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in subjects with high plasma levels of LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL) (from 179.13 ± 16.18 to 162.93 ± 27.05 mg/dL; p < 0.01), while no such positive effect was observed with the placebo. In addition, the placebo significantly reduced the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the total population (from 64.49 ± 12.65 to 62.55 ± 11.57 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while SAx significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-C in subjects with low plasma levels of HDL-C (<50 mg/dL) (from 44.25 ± 3.99 to 48.00 ± 7.27 mg/dL; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement containing HT and PC exerted antiatherosclerotic and cardio-protective effects by considerably improving dyslipidemia in an adult population, without co-adjuvant treatment or adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Quirós-Fernández
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.Q.-F.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.Q.-F.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Samara Palma Milla
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.M.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Andrea Zangara
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Euromed S.A., C/Rec de Dalt, 21-23, Pol. Ind. Can Magarola, 08100 Mollet del Valles, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez Candela
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.M.); (C.G.C.)
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Madureira J, Margaça FMA, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR, Verde SC, Barros L. Applications of bioactive compounds extracted from olive industry wastes: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:453-476. [PMID: 34773427 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wastes generated during the olive oil extraction process, even if presenting a negative impact for the environment, contain several bioactive compounds that have considerable health benefits. After suitable extraction and purification, these compounds can be used as food antioxidants or as active ingredients in nutraceutical and cosmetic products due to their interesting technological and pharmaceutical properties. The aim of this review, after presenting general applications of the different types of wastes generated from this industry, is to focus on the olive pomace produced by the two-phase system and to explore the challenging applications of the main individual compounds present in this waste. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone, and verbascoside are the most abundant bioactive compounds present in olive pomace. Besides their antioxidant activity, these compounds also demonstrated other biological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, or anti-inflammatory, thus being used in formulations to produce pharmaceutical and cosmetic products or in the fortification of food. Nevertheless, it is mandatory to involve both industries and researchers to create strategies to valorize these byproducts while maintaining environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madureira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Loures, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal.,Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s /n, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernanda M A Margaça
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Loures, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s /n, Salamanca, Spain.,Unidad de Excelencia Producción, Agrícola y Medioambiente (AGRIENVIRONMENT), Parque Científico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Loures, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
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8
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De novo biosynthesis of tyrosol acetate and hydroxytyrosol acetate from glucose in engineered Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109886. [PMID: 34489039 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol derived from virgin olive oil and olives extract, have wide applications both as functional food components and as nutraceuticals. However, they have low bioavailability due to their low absorption and high metabolism in human liver and small intestine. Acetylation of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol can effectively improve their bioavailability and thus increase their potential use in the food and cosmeceutical industries. There is no report on the bioproductin of tyrosol acetate and hydroxytyrosol acetate so far. Thus, it is of great significance to develop microbial cell factories for achieving tyrosol acetate or hydroxytyrosol acetate biosynthesis. In this study, a de novo biosynthetic pathway for the production of tyrosol acetate and hydroxytyrosol acetate was constructed in Escherichia coli. First, an engineered E. coli that allows production of tyrosol from simple carbon sources was established. Four aldehyde reductases were compared, and it was found that yeaE is the best aldehyde reductase for tyrosol accumulation. Subsequently, the pathway was extended for tyrosol acetate production by further overexpression of alcohol acetyltransferase ATF1 for the conversion of tyrosol to tyrosol acetate. Finally, the pathway was further extended for hydroxytyrosol acetate production by overexpression of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase HpaBC.
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9
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León-González AJ, Sáez-Martínez P, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Herrero-Aguayo V, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Madrona A, Castaño JP, Espartero JL, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Comparative Cytotoxic Activity of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Semisynthetic Lipophilic Derivatives in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091348. [PMID: 34572980 PMCID: PMC8464900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A high adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been related to numerous beneficial effects in human health, including a lower incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa). Olive oil is an important source of phenolic bioactive compounds, mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT), of this diet. Because of the growing interest of this compound and its derivatives as a cancer chemopreventive agent, we aimed to compare the in vitro effect of HT isolated from olive mill wastewaters and five semisynthetic alkyl ether, ester, and nitro-derivatives against prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. The effect in cell proliferation was determined in RWPE-1, LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC-3 cells by resazurin assay, the effect in cell migration by wound healing assay, and tumorsphere and colony formation were evaluated. The changes in key signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis were assessed by using a phosphorylation pathway profiling array and by Western blotting. Antiproliferative effects of HT and two lipophilic derivatives [hydroxytyrosyl acetate (HT-Ac)/ethyl hydroxytyrosyl ether (HT-Et)] were significantly higher in cancerous PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells than in non-malignant RWPE-1 cells. HT/HT-Ac/HT-Et significantly reduced migration capacity in RWPE-1 and PC-3 and prostatosphere size and colony formation in 22Rv1, whereas only HT-Ac and HT-Et reduced these functional parameters in PC-3. The cytotoxic effect in 22Rv1 cells was correlated with modifications in the phosphorylation pattern of key proteins, including ERK1/2 and AKT. Consistently, HT-Ac and HT-Et decreased p-AKT levels in PC-3. In sum, our results suggest that HT and its lipophilic derivatives could be considered as potential therapeutic tools in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. León-González
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.-G.); (R.M.L.); Tel.: +34-957213740 (R.M.L.)
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Andrés Madrona
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.E.)
| | - Justo P. Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - José L. Espartero
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.E.)
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.-G.); (R.M.L.); Tel.: +34-957213740 (R.M.L.)
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10
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Identification of Tyrosyl Oleate as a Novel Olive Oil Lipophenol with Proliferative and Antioxidant Properties in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071051. [PMID: 34209968 PMCID: PMC8300722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophenols are an emerging subclass of phenolic compounds characterized by the presence of a lipid moiety. Recently, hydroxytyrosyl oleate (HtyOle), a derivative of hydroxytyrosol, has been identified in olive oil and by-products. Furthermore, HtyOle possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue regenerating properties. In this work, the potential occurrence of tyrosyl oleate (TyOle) in olive oil was investigated based on the hypothesis that its precursors tyrosol and oleic acid, both present in relatively high amount can be coupled together. Moreover, TyOle effects have been investigated in human keratinocytes to verify its proliferative and antioxidant properties. The quantitative determination of TyOle was carried out by the external standard method in liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS), in negative mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The proliferative properties of TyOle on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCat) were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiasol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent staining with phalloidin (for F-actin) or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, for chromatin) dye. The antioxidant activity was assessed at the level of production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced with UV exposure. TyOle was identified in all the oil samples investigated. Interestingly, TyOle concentration was higher in defective or low-quality oils than in extra virgin oils. The formation of TyOle likely occurs during the crushing and kneading processes and its concentration is related to the increase of rancidity and of the concentration of free precursors. Herein we show that TyOle induced an increase in the viability of HaCat cells and cytoskeletal remodeling.
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11
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Yao F, Jin Z, Lv X, Zheng Z, Gao H, Deng Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Wang W, He J, Gu J, Lin R. Hydroxytyrosol Acetate Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis via the HDAC11 Signaling Pathway in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656272. [PMID: 33967800 PMCID: PMC8100680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (HT-AC), a natural polyphenolic compound in olive oil, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed inflammatory cell death and is suggested to be involved in the atherosclerosis (AS) process. However, the effect of HT-AC on vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of HT-AC on vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis in AS and related signaling pathways. In vivo studies showed that HT-AC alleviated the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and inhibited pyroptosis in the aortic intima of ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. In vitro, we found that HT-AC treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alleviated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced pyroptosis by decreasing the number of PI positive cells, decreasing the enhanced protein expressions of activated caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), as well as by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Besides, HT-AC down-regulated HDAC11 expression in the aortic intima of HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice and TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. To determine the underlying mechanism of action, molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) were utilized to identify whether HDAC11 protein is a target of HT-AC. The molecular docking result showed good compatibility between HT-AC and HDAC11. DARTS study's result showed that HDAC11 protein may be a target of HT-AC. Further study demonstrated that knockdown of HDAC11 augmented the inhibition of HT-AC on pyroptosis in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. These findings indicate that HT-AC might prevent vascular endothelial pyroptosis through down-regulation of HDAC11 related signaling pathway in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongqian Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianli Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an NO.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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12
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, López de Las Hazas MC, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Olive oil consumption and its repercussions on lipid metabolism. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:952-968. [PMID: 32299100 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly processed foods, such as those high in trans fats and free sugars, coupled with sedentarism and chronic stress increases the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, while adherence to a Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the prevalence of such diseases. Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. Data accumulated thus far show consumption of extra virgin, (poly)phenol-rich olive oil to be associated with specific health benefits. Of note, recommendations for consumption based on health claims refer to the phenolic content of extra virgin olive oil as beneficial. However, even though foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, are healthier than foods rich in saturated and trans fats, their inordinate use can lead to adverse effects on health. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on olive oil consumption worldwide and to critically examine the literature on the potential adverse effects of olive oil and its main components, particularly any effects on lipid metabolism. As demonstrated by substantial evidence, extra virgin olive oil is healthful and should be preferentially used within the context of a balanced diet, but excessive consumption may lead to adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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13
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The mechanism and prevention of mitochondrial injury after exercise. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:215-225. [PMID: 33650090 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the development of society, physical activity has come to be an effective means by which people pursue good health to improve the quality of life. However, with the increase of intensity and the passage of time, exercise injury has become a hazard that can no longer be ignored. It is imperative to find effective ways to inhibit or reduce the negative effects of exercise. Mitochondria are important organelles involved in exercise and play an important role in exercise injury and prevention. Studies have found that exercise preconditioning and increased mitochondrial nutrition can effectively decrease mitochondrial damage after exercise. Against this background, some of the newest developments in this important field are reviewed here. The results discussed indicate that exercise preconditioning and supplement mitochondrial nutrition need to be increased to prevent exercise-related injuries.
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14
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Marrero AD, Castilla L, Espartero JL, Madrona A, R. Quesada A, Medina MÁ, Martínez-Poveda B. A comparative study of the antiangiogenic activity of hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ethers. Food Chem 2020; 333:127476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Dinu M, Pagliai G, Scavone F, Bellumori M, Cecchi L, Nediani C, Maggini N, Sofi F, Giovannelli L, Mulinacci N. Effects of an Olive By-Product Called Pâté on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:617-623. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1813060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Maggini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Onlus IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Gullón P, Gullón B, Astray G, Carpena M, Fraga-Corral M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Valorization of by-products from olive oil industry and added-value applications for innovative functional foods. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109683. [PMID: 33233259 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years, the consumption of olive oil has experienced a sharp rise due to its organoleptic and healthy properties and with this the wastes and by-products derived from the olive production and the olive oil industry have also increased causing important environmental and economic issues. However, the high content in bioactive compounds of these wastes and by-products makes that its recovery is both a great challenge and an excellent opportunity for the olive oil sector. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review encompasses the more outstanding aspects related to the advances achieved until date in the olive oil by-products valorisation and added-value applications for innovative functional foods. CONCLUSION Taking into account the information reported in this manuscript, the development of a multiproduct biorefinery in cascade using eco-friendly technologies interchangable seems a suitable stratety to obtaining high added value compounds from olive oil by-products with applications in the field of innovative functional foods. In addition, this would allow an integral valorization of these residues enhancing the profitability of the olive oil industry. On the other hand, the biocompounds fom olive oil by-products have been described by their interesting bioactivities with beneficial properties for the consumers' health; therefore, their incorporation into the formulation of functional foods opens new possibilities in the field of innovative foods. Future perspective: Despite the studies descibed in the literature, more research on the healthy properties of the recovered compounds and their interactions with food components is key to allow their reintegration in the food chain and therefore, the removal of the olive oil by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gullón
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Astray
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Science, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - María Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - María Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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17
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Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091932. [PMID: 32825589 PMCID: PMC7565717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health.
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18
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Fonollá J, Maldonado-Lobón JA, Luque R, Rodríguez C, Bañuelos Ó, López-Larramendi JL, Olivares M, Blanco-Rojo R. Effects of a Combination of Extracts from Olive Fruit and Almonds Skin on Oxidative and Inflammation Markers in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2020; 24:479-486. [PMID: 32816626 PMCID: PMC8140357 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olives and polyphenols from almond skin (ASPs) possess cardioprotective properties. This pilot study evaluates the effect of supplementation with a combination of olive fruit and almond skin extracts on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation, lipid homeostasis, and inflammatory parameters in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia. A randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of 8 weeks was performed. The extract group (EG) received the supplement with 7.5 mg HT +210 mg ASPs, and the control group (CG) received a placebo composed of maltodextrin. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels and the oxLDL/LDL ratio were lower in the EG than in the CG after 8 weeks of treatment (18.76 ± 3.91 vs. 10.34 ± 4.22, P < .001 and 0.151 ± 0.025 vs. 0.08 ± 0.023, P < .001, respectively). Interleukin-1β levels were significantly higher in the CG than in the EG at week 4 (P = .004), IL-6 was significantly higher in the CG than in the EG at week 4 (P = .049), and IL-10 was significantly increased at week 4 in both groups (P = .002 for CG and P = .001 for EG). In conclusion, daily consumption of a combination of an olive fruit extract and an almond skin extract for 8 weeks seems to protect LDL from oxidation and to prevent inflammatory status in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juristo Fonollá
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Luque
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Bañuelos
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Olivares
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
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19
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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20
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Visioli F, Davalos A, López de las Hazas M, Crespo MC, Tomé‐Carneiro J. An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1316-1330. [PMID: 31270815 PMCID: PMC7056466 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing sensory stimuli, usually taste, smell and sight, olive oil contains a range of minor components, mostly phenolic in nature. These components are endowed with pharmacological or pharma‐nutritional properties that are the subject of active research worldwide. Based on our more than 25 years of experience in this field, we critically focus on what we believe are the most pharmacologically prominent actions of the constituents of olive oil. Most of the effects are due to the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (which are often mis‐categorized as in vivo antioxidants) and concern the cardiovascular system. Other potentially beneficial activities are still to be investigated in depth. We conclude that—in the context of a proper diet that includes high‐quality products—the use of high‐quality olive oil contributes to achieving and sustaining overall health.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María‐Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - Joao Tomé‐Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
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21
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Scoditti E, Carpi S, Massaro M, Pellegrino M, Polini B, Carluccio MA, Wabitsch M, Verri T, Nieri P, De Caterina R. Hydroxytyrosol Modulates Adipocyte Gene and miRNA Expression Under Inflammatory Condition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102493. [PMID: 31627295 PMCID: PMC6836288 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) is a major contributor to obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications. The olive oil polyphenol hydroxytyrosol (HT) contributes to Mediterranean diet cardiometabolic benefits through mechanisms still partially unknown. We investigated HT (1 and 10 μmol/L) effects on gene expression (mRNA and microRNA) related to inflammation induced by 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. At real-time PCR, HT significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced mRNA levels, of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-X-C Motif Ligand-10, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, cyclooxygenase-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and reverted the TNF-α-mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α, and glucose transporter-4. We found similar effects in adipocytes stimulated by macrophage-conditioned media. Accordingly, HT significantly counteracted miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, and let-7c-5p expression in both cells and exosomes, and prevented NF-κB activation and production of reactive oxygen species. HT can therefore modulate adipocyte gene expression profile through mechanisms involving a reduction of oxidative stress and NF-κB inhibition. By such mechanisms, HT may blunt macrophage recruitment and improve AT inflammation, preventing the deregulation of pathways involved in obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sara Carpi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Pellegrino
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Paola Nieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Liu M, Yong Q, Lian Z, Huang C, Yu S. Continuous Bioconversion of Oleuropein from Olive Leaf Extract to Produce the Bioactive Product Hydroxytyrosol Using Carrier-Immobilized Enzyme. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:148-165. [PMID: 31313241 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Feasibility and stability were evaluated of a continuous multi-batch process for converting oleuropein (OLE) from olive leaf extract to the bioactive product hydroxytyrosol (HT). Carrier beads made of three different materials (calcium alginate, chitosan with deacetylated α-chitin nanofibers (DEChN), or porous ceramic) were investigated for morphology, thermogravimetric, sorption, and viscoelastic properties. Enzymatic hydrolysis of OLE conducted in a packed bed bioreactor containing cellulase immobilized to carrier beads yielded OLE degradation rates of ~ 90% and an average HT yield of ~ 70% over 20 batches. Ultimately, inorganic porous ceramic beads were less costly and exhibited superior performance relative to organic carriers and thus were deemed most suitable for industrial-scale HT production. Systems utilizing enzyme immobilization within packed bed reactors hold promise for achieving efficient production of valuable bioproducts from discarded biomass materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Yitong Food Industry Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhina Lian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China. .,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Vlavcheski F, Young M, Tsiani E. Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060188. [PMID: 31234300 PMCID: PMC6616959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a pathological condition characterized by defects in insulin action leads to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease which is currently on the rise that pose an enormous economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. The current treatment and prevention strategies are considerably lacking in number and efficacy and therefore new targeted therapies and preventative strategies are urgently needed. Plant-derived chemicals such as metformin, derived from the French lilac, have been used to treat/manage insulin resistance and T2DM. Other plant-derived chemicals which are not yet discovered, may have superior properties to prevent and manage T2DM and thus research into this area is highly justifiable. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical found in olive leaves and olive oil reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The present review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic properties of hydroxytyrosol and investigating the mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Mariah Young
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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de Pablos RM, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Hornedo-Ortega R, Cano M, Arguelles S. Hydroxytyrosol protects from aging process via AMPK and autophagy; a review of its effects on cancer, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, immune-mediated and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Yao F, Yang G, Xian Y, Wang G, Zheng Z, Jin Z, Xie Y, Wang W, Gu J, Lin R. The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol acetate against inflammation of vascular endothelial cells partly through the SIRT6-mediated PKM2 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:5789-5803. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HT-AC had anti-inflammatory effect in hypercholesterolemic mice and TNF-stimulated HUVECs. HT-AC inhibited the inflammatory response partly through the TNFRSF1A/SIRT6/PKM2-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Guangde Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yushan Xian
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yundong Xie
- College of Pharmacy
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Xianyang 712000
- China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Experiment Animal Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Jianli Gu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
- Xi'an NO.3 hospital
- Xi'an 710018
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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Žugčić T, Abdelkebir R, Alcantara C, Collado MC, García-Pérez JV, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Režek Jambrak A, Lorenzo JM, Barba FJ. From extraction of valuable compounds to health promoting benefits of olive leaves through bioaccessibility, bioavailability and impact on gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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López-Jiménez A, Gallardo E, Espartero JL, Madrona A, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Comparison of the anti-angiogenic potential of hydroxytyrosol and five derivatives. Food Funct 2018; 9:4310-4316. [PMID: 30040093 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound present in extra virgin olive oil, either in free form or as derivatives, and related to some of the health benefits described for olive oil intake. We have demonstrated previously that hydroxytyrosol inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential of five hydroxytyrosol derivatives. Three of these derivatives contain a nitro group and they exhibit a much weaker effect than hydroxytyrosol in the tubule formation assay on Matrigel and therefore were not studied further. In contrast, both hydroxytyrosyl acetate and ethyl hydroxytyrosyl ether show more potent inhibitory effects than hydroxytyrosol in both the in vitro tubule formation assay on Matrigel and the in vivo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Additionally, these three compounds had slight pro-apoptotic effects and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in cell extracts.
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Fuccelli R, Fabiani R, Rosignoli P. Hydroxytyrosol Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities in a Mouse Model of Systemic Inflammation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123212. [PMID: 30563131 PMCID: PMC6321432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenil-ethanol, HT), the major phenol derived from olive oil consumption, has shown different anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities in vitro which may explain the chronic-degenerative diseases preventive properties of olive oil. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of HT reduce inflammatory markers, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and Tumour Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α and oxidative stress in vivo on a mouse model of systemic inflammation. Balb/c mice were pre-treated with HT (40 and 80 mg/Kg b.w.) and then stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Blood was collected to measure COX2 gene expression by qPCR and TNF-α level by ELISA kit in plasma. In addition, the total anti-oxidant power of plasma and the DNA damage were measured by FRAP test and COMET assay, respectively. LPS increased the COX2 expression, the TNF-α production and the DNA damage. HT administration prevented all LPS-induced effects and improved the anti-oxidant power of plasma. HT demonstrated in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant abilities. The results may explain the health effects of olive oil in Mediterranean diet. HT represents an interesting molecule for the development of new nutraceuticals and functional food useful in chronic diseases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Fuccelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, del Giochetto Street, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, del Giochetto Street, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rosignoli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, del Giochetto Street, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Liu M, Yong Q, Yu S. Efficient bioconversion of oleuropein from olive leaf extract to antioxidant hydroxytyrosol by enzymatic hydrolysis and high-temperature degradation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:680-689. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
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Pérez-Beltrán YE, Becerra-Verdín EM, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Rocha-Guzmán NE, García-López EG, Castañeda-Martínez A, Montalvo-González R, Rodríguez-Aguayo C, Montalvo-González E. Nutritional characteristics and bioactive compound content of guava purees and their effect on biochemical markers of hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Peyrol J, Riva C, Amiot MJ. Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 28335507 PMCID: PMC5372969 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) constitutes the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. VOO is rich in oleic acid, displaying health-promoting properties, but also contains minor bioactive components, especially phenolic compounds. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol of olive oil, has been reported to be the most bioactive component. This review aims to compile the results of clinical, animal and cell culture studies evaluating the effects of HT on the features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) (body weight/adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). HT was able to improve the lipid profile, glycaemia, and insulin sensitivity, and counteract oxidative and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies identified multiple molecular targets for HT conferring its beneficial effect on health in spite of its low bioavailability. However, rodent experiments and clinical trials with pure HT at biologically relevant concentrations are still lacking. Moreover, the roles of intestine and its gut microbiota have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Peyrol
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Catherine Riva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Marie Josèphe Amiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Markets, Organisations, Institutions, Stakeholder Strategies, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Montpellier SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Division of Nutrtition, Chemical Food Safety and Consumer Behaviour, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75015 Paris, France.
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Pais P, Villar A, Rull S. Impact of a Proprietary Standardized Olive Fruit Extract (SOFE) on Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index, Visual Analog Scale and C-Reactive Protein Assessments in Subjects with Arterial Stiffness Risk. Drugs R D 2016; 16:355-368. [PMID: 27798770 PMCID: PMC5114205 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-016-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemical components of olive fruit provide a wide range of cardiovascular benefits. Arterial stiffness is an important cardiovascular risk factor and can be assessed using the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a proprietary standardized olive fruit extract (SOFE) in subjects at risk for arterial stiffness. METHODS Twelve of 36 subjects were assigned to each of the following groups for this 11-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled study: Group 1: 250 mg SOFE-50 mg active ingredient, hydroxytyrosol (dosage achieved with two capsules per day); Group 2: 500 mg SOFE-100 mg active ingredient, hydroxytyrosol (dosage achieved with two capsules per day); and Group 3: placebo. RESULTS All three groups showed a decrease in CAVI scores, although no significant between-group differences were observed. Group 2 had the largest reduction, with mean CAVI scores decreasing from 11.02 to 8.91. Group 2 showed the strongest response in visual analog scale (VAS) energy intensity (11.71% increase). Results for C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels showed no changes of statistical significance between groups. Mean triglyceride levels from Group 2 decreased by 21.64%, the most significant change among all three groups. CONCLUSIONS SOFE, an olive fruit extract containing many of the phytochemicals shown to provide cardiovascular benefits, was safe and well-tolerated. SOFE 500 mg had a greater effect on CAVI scores, suggesting improved arterial elasticity, and a clear reduction in triglycerides compared with placebo and SOFE 250 mg. The decreased CAVI scores suggest that increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowering triglycerides with SOFE could potentially reduce patients' risk of developing atherosclerosis. Although more studies are needed, positive cardiovascular health trends, including improved vessel elasticity and positive triglyceride effects, were evident with SOFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pais
- Euromed, C/Rec de Dalt, 21-23, 08100 Mollet del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustin Villar
- Euromed, C/Rec de Dalt, 21-23, 08100 Mollet del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Rull
- Euromed, C/Rec de Dalt, 21-23, 08100 Mollet del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Belmonte-Reche E, Martínez-García M, Peñalver P, Gómez-Pérez V, Lucas R, Gamarro F, Pérez-Victoria JM, Morales JC. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol derivatives as antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Stefanon B, Colitti M. Original Research: Hydroxytyrosol, an ingredient of olive oil, reduces triglyceride accumulation and promotes lipolysis in human primary visceral adipocytes during differentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1796-802. [PMID: 27287014 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216654226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol has various pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities, preventing hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. The present study is focused on the anti-adipogenic and lipolytic activity of hydroxytyrosol on primary human visceral adipocytes. Pre-adipocytes were analyzed after 10 (P10) and 20 (P20) days of treatment during differentiation and after 7 (A7) days of treatment when they reached mature shape. The treatment with hydroxytyrosol extract significantly (P < 0.001) increased apoptosis in P10 and P20 cells in comparison to control and A7 cells; significantly (P < 0.001) reduced triglyceride accumulation in P20 cells compared to P10 and control cells; and significantly (P < 0.001) increased lipolysis in P20 cells in comparison to control cells and A7 mature adipocytes. Hydroxytyrosol-treated P20 cells significantly (P < 0.05) increased expression of genes involved in inhibition of adipogenesis, such as GATA2, GATA3, WNT3A, SFRP5, HES1, and SIRT1. In contrast, genes involved in promoting adipogenesis such as LEP, FGF1, CCND1, and SREBF1 were significantly down-regulated by hydroxytyrosol treatment. These data suggest that hydroxytyrosol promotes lipolysis and apoptotic activity in primary human visceral pre-adipocytes during differentiation and does not affect already mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Monica Colitti
- Department of Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, Iglesias-Gutierrez E, Martín R, Gil-Zamorano J, Tomas-Zapico C, Burgos-Ramos E, Correa C, Gómez-Coronado D, Lasunción MA, Herrera E, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Hydroxytyrosol supplementation modulates the expression of miRNAs in rodents and in humans. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:146-55. [PMID: 27322812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary microRNAs (miRNAs) modulation could be important for health and wellbeing. Part of the healthful activities of polyphenols might be due to a modulation of miRNAs' expression. Among the most biologically active polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol (HT) has never been studied for its actions on miRNAs. We investigated whether HT could modulate the expression of miRNAs in vivo. We performed an unbiased intestinal miRNA screening in mice supplemented (for 8 weeks) with nutritionally relevant amounts of HT. HT modulated the expression of several miRNAs. Analysis of other tissues revealed consistent HT-induced modulation of only few miRNAs. Also, HT administration increased triglycerides levels. Acute treatment with HT and in vitro experiments provided mechanistic insights. The HT-induced expression of one miRNA was confirmed in healthy volunteers supplemented with HT in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. HT consumption affects specific miRNAs' expression in rodents and humans. Our findings suggest that the modulation of miRNAs' action through HT consumption might partially explain its healthful activities and might be pharmanutritionally exploited in current therapies targeting endogenous miRNAs. However, the effects of HT on triglycerides warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutierrez
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33003, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Roberto Martín
- Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33003, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Área de Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La-Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Carlos Correa
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid 28668, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Gallardo E, Sarria B, Espartero JL, Gonzalez Correa JA, Bravo-Clemente L, Mateos R. Evaluation of the Bioavailability and Metabolism of Nitroderivatives of Hydroxytyrosol Using Caco-2 and HepG2 Human Cell Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2289-2297. [PMID: 26915652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering that nitrocatechols present putative effects against Parkinson's disease, the absorption and metabolism of nitroderivatives of hydroxytyrosol (HT) were assessed using human cell model systems. The test compounds nitrohydroxytyrosol (NO2HT), nitrohydroxytyrosyl acetate (NO2HT-A), and ethyl nitrohydroxytyrosyl ether (NO2HT-E) were efficiently transferred across human Caco-2 cell monolayers as an intestinal barrier model, NO2HT-A and NO2HT-E being better (p < 0.05) absorbed (absorption rate (AR) = 1.4 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.2, respectively) than their precursor, NO2HT (AR = 1.1 ± 0.1). A significant amount of the absorbed compounds remained unconjugated (81, 70, and 33% for NO2HT, NO2HT-A, and NO2HT-E, respectively) after incubation in Caco-2 cells, being available for hepatic metabolism. Nitrocatechols were extensively taken up and metabolized by human hepatoma HepG2 cells as a model of the human liver. Both studies revealed extensive hydrolysis of NO2HT-A into NO2HT, whereas NO2HT-E was not hydrolyzed. Glucuronide (75-55%), methylglucuronide (25-33%), and methyl derivatives (0-12%) were the main nitrocatechol metabolites detected after metabolism in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, NO2HT, NO2HT-A, and NO2HT-E show high in vitro bioavailability and are extensively metabolized by hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallardo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC , Madrid, Spain
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga , Malaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarria
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Laura Bravo-Clemente
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC , Madrid, Spain
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Moyano G, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Largo C, Caz V, Santamaria M, Tabernero M. Potential use of dietary fibre from Hibiscus sabdariffa and Agave tequilana in obesity management. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Villalpando DM, Navarro R, del Campo L, Largo C, Muñoz D, Tabernero M, Baeza R, Otero C, García HS, Ferrer M. Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on the Participation of Vasodilator Factors in Aorta from Orchidectomized Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142039. [PMID: 26540339 PMCID: PMC4634962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Vascular tone regulation is largely mediated by endothelial factors whose release is modulated by sex hormones. Since the incidence of cardiovascular pathologies has been correlated with decreased levels of sex hormones, the aim of this study was to analyze whether a diet supplemented with the specific PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could prevent vascular changes induced by an impaired gonadal function. For this purpose, control and orchidectomized rats were fed with a standard diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) sunflower oil or with 3% (w/w) sunflower oil plus 2% (w/w) DHA. The lipid profile, the blood pressure, the production of prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO), and the redox status of biological samples from control and orchidectomized rats, fed control or DHA-supplemented diet, were analyzed. The vasodilator response and the contribution of NO, prostanoids and hyperpolarizing mechanisms were also studied. The results showed that orchidectomy negatively affected the lipid profile, increased the production of prostanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased NO production and the antioxidant capacity, as well as the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in the vasodilator responses. The DHA-supplemented diet of the orchidectomized rats decreased the release of prostanoids and ROS, while increasing NO production and the antioxidant capacity, and it also improved the lipid profile. Additionally, it restored the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms by activating potassium. Since the modifications induced by the DHA-supplemented diet were observed in the orchidectomized, but not in the healthy group, DHA seems to exert cardioprotective effects in physiopathological situations in which vascular dysfunction exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva M. Villalpando
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Largo
- Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Muñoz
- Gabinete Veterinario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Baeza
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Katsarou AI, Kaliora AC, Papalois A, Chiou A, Kalogeropoulos N, Agrogiannis G, Andrikopoulos NK. Serum lipid profile and inflammatory markers in the aorta of cholesterol-fed rats supplemented with extra virgin olive oil, sunflower oils and oil-products. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:766-73. [PMID: 26401576 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1088936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) major and minor component anti-inflammatory effect on aorta was evaluated; Wistar rats were fed (9 weeks) on either a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) or a HCD supplemented with oils, i.e. EVOO, sunflower oil (SO), high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO), or oil-products modified to their phenolic content, i.e. phenolics deprived-EVOO [EVOO(-)], SO enriched with the EVOO phenolics [SO(+)], HOSO enriched with the EVOO phenolics [HOSO(+)]. HCD induced dyslipidemia and resulted in higher aorta adhesion molecules levels at euthanasia. Groups receiving EVOO, EVOO(-), HOSO, HOSO(+) presented higher serum TC and LDL-c levels compared to cholesterol-fed rats; attenuation of aorta E-selectin levels was also observed. In EVOO/EVOO(-) groups, aorta vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was lower compared to HCD animals. SO/SO(+) diets had no effect on endothelial dysfunction amelioration. Overall, our results suggest that major and/or minor EVOO constituents improve aorta E-selectin and VCAM-1, while serum lipids do not benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageliki I Katsarou
- a Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Kallithea , Athens , Greece
| | - Andriana C Kaliora
- a Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Kallithea , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Antonia Chiou
- a Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Kallithea , Athens , Greece
| | - Nick Kalogeropoulos
- a Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Kallithea , Athens , Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- c Laboratory of Pathology , School of Medicine, University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos K Andrikopoulos
- a Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Kallithea , Athens , Greece
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Botta G, Bizzarri BM, Garozzo A, Timpanaro R, Bisignano B, Amatore D, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Saladino R. Carbon nanotubes supported tyrosinase in the synthesis of lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5345-51. [PMID: 26260341 PMCID: PMC7125559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with lipophilic properties have been synthesized in high yield using tyrosinase immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the Layer-by-Layer technique. All synthesized catechols were evaluated against a large panel of DNA and RNA viruses, including Poliovirus type 1, Echovirus type 9, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Coxsackievirus type B3 (Cox B3), Adenovirus type 2 and type 5 and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). A significant antiviral activity was observed in the inhibition of HSV-1, HSV-2, Cox B3 and CMV. The mechanism of action of the most active dihydrocaffeoyl derivative was investigated against a model of HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Botta
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
| | - Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
| | - Adriana Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiological Section, University of Catania (CT), Via Androne, 81 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Timpanaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiological Section, University of Catania (CT), Via Androne, 81 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiological Section, University of Catania (CT), Via Androne, 81 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
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Amelioration of oxidative and inflammatory status in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats supplemented with oils or oil-products with extra virgin olive oil components. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1283-96. [PMID: 26058880 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The contribution of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) macro- and micro-constituents in heart oxidative and inflammatory status in a hypercholesterolemic rat model was evaluated. Fatty acid profile as well as α-tocopherol, sterol, and squalene content was identified directly in rat hearts to distinguish the effect of individual components or to enlighten the potential synergisms. METHODS Oils and oil-products with discernible lipid and polar phenolic content were used. Wistar rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet solely, or supplemented with one of the following oils, i.e., EVOO, sunflower oil (SO), and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) or oil-products, i.e., phenolics-deprived EVOO [EVOO(-)], SO enriched with the EVOO phenolics [SO(+)], and HOSO enriched with the EVOO phenolics [HOSO(+)]. Dietary treatment lasted 9 weeks; at the end of the intervention blood and heart samples were collected. RESULTS High-cholesterol-diet-induced dyslipidemia was shown by increase in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols. Dyslipidemia resulted in increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, while glutathione and interleukin 6 levels remained unaffected in all intervention groups. Augmentation observed in MDA and TNF-α was attenuated in EVOO, SO(+), and HOSO(+) groups. Heart squalene and cholesterol content remained unaffected among all groups studied. Heart α-tocopherol was determined by oil α-tocopherol content. Variations were observed for heart β-sitosterol, while heterogeneity was reported with respect to heart fatty acid profile in all intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we suggest that the EVOO-polar phenolic compounds decreased MDA and TNF-α in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats.
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Scoditti E, Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Pellegrino M, Wabitsch M, Calabriso N, Storelli C, De Caterina R. Additive regulation of adiponectin expression by the mediterranean diet olive oil components oleic Acid and hydroxytyrosol in human adipocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128218. [PMID: 26030149 PMCID: PMC4452359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory hormone, is suppressed in obesity through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Olive oil consumption is associated with beneficial cardiometabolic actions, with possible contributions from the antioxidant phenol hydroxytyrosol (HT) and the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9 cis), both possessing anti-inflammatory and vasculo-protective properties. We determined the effects of HT and OA, alone and in combination, on adiponectin expression in human and murine adipocytes under pro-inflammatory conditions induced by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. We used human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes and murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes as cell model systems, and pretreated them with 1-100 μmol/L OA, 0.1-20 μmol/L HT or OA plus HT combination before stimulation with 10 ng/mL TNF-α. OA or HT significantly (P<0.05) prevented TNF-α-induced suppression of total adiponectin secretion (by 42% compared with TNF-α alone) as well as mRNA levels (by 30% compared with TNF-α alone). HT and OA also prevented—by 35%—TNF-α-induced downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ. Co-treatment with HT and OA restored adiponectin and PPARγ expression in an additive manner compared with single treatments. Exploring the activation of JNK, which is crucial for both adiponectin and PPARγ suppression by TNF-α, we found that HT and OA additively attenuated TNF-α-stimulated JNK phosphorylation (up to 55% inhibition). In conclusion, the virgin olive oil components OA and HT, at nutritionally relevant concentrations, have additive effects in preventing adiponectin downregulation in inflamed adipocytes through an attenuation of JNK-mediated PPARγ suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Pellegrino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlo Storelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- “G. d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
- “G. Monasterio” Foundation for Clinical Research, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Achmon Y, Fishman A. The antioxidant hydroxytyrosol: biotechnological production challenges and opportunities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1119-30. [PMID: 25547836 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a highly potent antioxidant originating in nature as a second metabolite of plants, most abundantly in olives (Olea europaea). In the last decade, numerous research studies showed the health benefits of antioxidants in general and those of HT in particular. As olive oil is a prime constituent of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet, HT has obtained recognition for its attributes, supported by a recent health claim of the European Food Safety Authority. HT is already used as a food supplement and in cosmetic products, but it has the potential to be used as a food additive and drug, based on its anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective activity. Nevertheless, there is a large gap between the potential of HT and its current availability in the market due to its high price tag. In this review, the challenges of producing HT using biotechnological methods are described with an emphasis on the substrate source, the biocatalyst and the process parameters, in order to narrow the gap towards an efficient bio-based industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Achmon
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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