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Neusch A, Wiedwald U, Novoselova IP, Kuckla DA, Tetos N, Sadik S, Hagemann P, Farle M, Monzel C. Semisynthetic ferritin-based nanoparticles with high magnetic anisotropy for spatial magnetic manipulation and inductive heating. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:15113-15127. [PMID: 39054876 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The human iron storage protein ferritin represents an appealing template to obtain a semisynthetic magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) for spatial manipulation or inductive heating applications on a nanoscale. Ferritin consists of a protein cage of well-defined size (12 nm), which is genetically modifiable and biocompatible, and into which a magnetic core is synthesised. Here, we probed the magnetic response and hence the MNP's suitability for (bio-)nanotechnological or nanomedical applications when the core is doped with 7% cobalt or 7% zinc in comparison with the undoped iron oxide MNP. The samples exhibit almost identical core and hydrodynamic sizes, along with their tunable magnetic core characteristics as verified by structural and magnetic characterisation. Cobalt doping significantly increased the MNP's anisotropy and hence the heating power in comparison with other magnetic cores with potential application as a mild heat mediator. Spatial magnetic manipulation was performed with MNPs inside droplets, the cell cytoplasm, or the cell nucleus, where the MNP surface conjugation with mEGFP and poly(ethylene glycol) gave rise to excellent intracellular stability and traceability within the complex biological environment. A magnetic stimulus (smaller than fN forces) results in the quick and reversible redistribution of the MNPs. The obtained data suggest that semisynthetic ferritin MNPs are highly versatile nanoagents and promising candidates for theranostic or (bio-)nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neusch
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulf Wiedwald
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Iuliia P Novoselova
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel A Kuckla
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nikolaos Tetos
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Sadik
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Philipp Hagemann
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michael Farle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Monzel
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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2
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Xu M, Wei S, Duan L, Ji Y, Han X, Sun Q, Weng L. The recent advancements in protein nanoparticles for immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11825-11848. [PMID: 38814163 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the advancement of nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has introduced an innovative strategy for combatting diseases. Compared with other types of nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles have obtained substantial attention owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of modification, and finely designed spatial structures. Nature provides several protein nanoparticle platforms, including viral capsids, ferritin, and albumin, which hold significant potential for disease treatment. These naturally occurring protein nanoparticles not only serve as effective drug delivery platforms but also augment antigen delivery and targeting capabilities through techniques like genetic modification and covalent conjugation. Motivated by nature's originality and driven by progress in computational methodologies, scientists have crafted numerous protein nanoparticles with intricate assembly structures, showing significant potential in the development of multivalent vaccines. Consequently, both naturally occurring and de novo designed protein nanoparticles are anticipated to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This review consolidates the advancements in protein nanoparticles for immunotherapy across diseases including cancer and other diseases like influenza, pneumonia, and hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Siyuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lifan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yifan Ji
- Portland Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofan Han
- Portland Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Sun
- Portland Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Liu M, Jin D, Yu W, Yu J, Cao K, Cheng J, Zheng X, Wang A, Liu Y. Enhancing Tumor Immunotherapy by Multivalent Anti-PD-L1 Nanobody Assembled via Ferritin Nanocage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308248. [PMID: 38491904 PMCID: PMC11132087 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Increasing immunotherapy response rate and durability can lead to significant improvements in cancer care. To address this challenge, a novel multivalent immune checkpoint therapeutic platform is constructed through site-specific ligation of anti-PD-L1 nanobody (Nb) on ferritin (Ftn) nanocage. Nb-Ftn blocks PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and downregulates PD-L1 levels via endocytosis-induced degradation. In addition, the cage structure of Ftn allows encapsulation of indocyanine green (ICG), an FDA-approved dye. Photothermal treatment with Nb-Ftn@ICG induces immunogenic death of tumor cells, which improves systemic immune response via maturation of dendritic cells and enhanced infiltration of T cells. Moreover, Nb-Ftn encapsulation significantly enhances cellular uptake, tumor accumulation and retention of ICG. In vivo assays showed that this nanoplatform ablates the primary tumor, suppresses abscopal tumors and inhibits tumor metastasis, leading to a prolonged survival rate. This work presents a novel strategy for improving cancer immunotherapy using multivalent nanobody-ferritin conjugates as immunological targeting and enhancing carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
| | - Duo Jin
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
| | - Kaiming Cao
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCenter for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHMDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas75230USA
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacythe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001China
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Jiang B, Chen X, Wang S, Wang S, Ma S, Lu Y, Ma L, Liang Q, Xiao H, Zhang L, Yan X, Fan K. Structure-Guided Design of Ferritin-Platinum Prodrugs for Targeted Therapy of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11217-11233. [PMID: 38627234 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Due to its intrinsic tumor-targeting attribute, limited immunogenicity, and cage architecture, ferritin emerges as a highly promising nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery. In the effort to develop ferritin cage-encapsulated cisplatin (CDDP) as a therapeutic agent, we found unexpectedly that the encapsulation led to inactivation of the drug. Guided by the structural information, we deciphered the interactions between ferritin cages and CDDP, and we proposed a potential mechanism responsible for attenuating the antitumor efficacy of CDDP encapsulated within the cage. Six platinum prodrugs were then designed to avoid the inactivation. The antitumor activities of these ferritin-platinum prodrug complexes were then evaluated in cells of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Compared with free CDDP, the complexes were more effective in delivering and retaining platinum in the cells, leading to increased DNA damage and enhanced cytotoxic action. They also exhibited improved pharmacokinetics and stronger antitumor activities in mice bearing ESCC cell-derived xenografts as well as patient-derived xenografts. The successful encapsulation also illustrates the critical significance of comprehending the interactions between small molecular drugs and ferritin cages for the development of precision-engineered nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 451163, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shenghui Wang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Saiyu Ma
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Long Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Liang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 451163, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 451163, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Padariya M, Kalathiya U. Single Ferritin Nanocages Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants to Receptor and Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:446. [PMID: 38793697 PMCID: PMC11125617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus variants of concern (VOCs) have rapidly changed their transmissibility and pathogenicity primarily through mutations in the structural proteins. Herein, we present molecular details with dynamics of the ferritin nanocages stitched with synthetic chimeras displaying the Spike receptor binding domains (RBDs). Our findings demonstrated the potential usage of ferritin-based vaccines that may effectively inhibit viral entry by blocking the Spike-ACE2 network and may induce cross-protective antibody responses. Taking the nanocage constructs into consideration, we evaluated the effects of variants on the docked interface of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD with the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) host cell receptor and neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Investigating the VOCs revealed that most of the mutations reported a possibly reduced structural stability within the Spike RBD domain. Point mutations have moderate or no effect for VVH-72, CR3022, and S309 Abs when bound with the Spike RBD, whereas a significant effect was observed for B38, CB6, and m396 over the surface of the H-ferritin nanocage. In addition to providing useful therapeutic approaches against COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), these structural details can also be used to fight future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
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Xia X, Li H, Zang J, Cheng S, Du M. Advancements of the Molecular Directed Design and Structure-Activity Relationship of Ferritin Nanocage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7629-7654. [PMID: 38518374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Ferritin nanocages possess remarkable structural properties and biological functions, making them highly attractive for applications in functional materials and biomedicine. This comprehensive review presents an overview of the molecular characteristics, extraction and identification of ferritin, ferritin receptors, as well as the advancements in the directional design of high-order assemblies of ferritin and the applications based on its unique structural properties. Specifically, this Review focuses on the regulation of ferritin assembly from one to three dimensions, leveraging the symmetry of ferritin and modifications on key interfaces. Furthermore, it discusses targeted delivery of nutrition and drugs through facile loading and functional modification of ferritin. The aim of this Review is to inspire the design of micro/nano functional materials using ferritin and the development of nanodelivery vehicles for nutritional fortification and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xia
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Han Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuzhen Cheng
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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7
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Gutierrez-Romero L, Díez P, Montes-Bayón M. Bioanalytical strategies to evaluate cisplatin nanodelivery systems: From synthesis to incorporation in individual cells and biological response. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115760. [PMID: 37839264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin metallodrugs have been widely used in the treatment of multiple cancers over the last years. Nevertheless, its limited effectiveness, development of acquired drug resistances, and toxic effects decrease nowadays their application in clinical settings. Aiming at improving their features, investigations have been oriented towards the coupling of cisplatin to nanocarriers, like liposomes or inorganic nanoparticles. Moreover, these systems can be further developed to allow targeted co-delivery of drugs. In this review, we describe the major nanosystems and the optimal analytical strategies for their assessment. Finally, we describe the main biological effects of these metallodrug conjugates and the available approaches for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gutierrez-Romero
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Maria Montes-Bayón
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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João J, Prazeres DMF. Manufacturing of non-viral protein nanocages for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1200729. [PMID: 37520292 PMCID: PMC10374429 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein nanocages are highly ordered nanometer scale architectures, which are typically formed by homo- or hetero-self-assembly of multiple monomers into symmetric structures of different size and shape. The intrinsic characteristics of protein nanocages make them very attractive and promising as a biological nanomaterial. These include, among others, a high surface/volume ratio, multi-functionality, ease to modify or manipulate genetically or chemically, high stability, mono-dispersity, and biocompatibility. Since the beginning of the investigation into protein nanocages, several applications were conceived in a variety of areas such as drug delivery, vaccine development, bioimaging, biomineralization, nanomaterial synthesis and biocatalysis. The ability to generate large amounts of pure and well-folded protein assemblies is one of the keys to transform nanocages into clinically valuable products and move biomedical applications forward. This calls for the development of more efficient biomanufacturing processes and for the setting up of analytical techniques adequate for the quality control and characterization of the biological function and structure of nanocages. This review concisely covers and overviews the progress made since the emergence of protein nanocages as a new, next-generation class of biologics. A brief outline of non-viral protein nanocages is followed by a presentation of their main applications in the areas of bioengineering, biotechnology, and biomedicine. Afterwards, we focus on a description of the current processes used in the manufacturing of protein nanocages with particular emphasis on the most relevant aspects of production and purification. The state-of-the-art on current characterization techniques is then described and future alternative or complementary approaches in development are also discussed. Finally, a critical analysis of the limitations and drawbacks of the current manufacturing strategies is presented, alongside with the identification of the major challenges and bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge João
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Miguel F. Prazeres
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Knödler M, Opdensteinen P, Sankaranarayanan RA, Morgenroth A, Buhl EM, Mottaghy FM, Buyel JF. Simple plant-based production and purification of the assembled human ferritin heavy chain as a nanocarrier for tumor-targeted drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1038-1054. [PMID: 36539373 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are used as carriers for the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. Proteins are safer than synthetic nanocarriers due to their greater biocompatibility and the absence of toxic degradation products. In this context, ferritin has the additional benefit of inherently targeting the membrane receptor transferrin 1, which is overexpressed by most cancer cells. Furthermore, this self-assembling multimeric protein can be loaded with more than 2000 iron atoms, as well as drugs, contrast agents, and other cargos. However, recombinant ferritin currently costs ~3.5 million € g-1 , presumably because the limited number of producers cannot meet demand, making it generally unaffordable as a nanocarrier. Because plants can produce proteins at very-large-scale, we developed a simple, proof-of-concept process for the production of the human ferritin heavy chain by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We optimized the protein yields by screening different compartments and 5'-untranslated regions in PCPs, and selected the best-performing construct for production in differentiated plants. We then established a rapid and scalable purification protocol by combining pH and heat treatment before extraction, followed by an ultrafiltration/diafiltration size-based separation process. The optimized process achieved ferritin levels of ~40 mg kg-1 fresh biomass although depth filtration limited product recovery to ~7%. The purity of the recombinant product was >90% at costs ~3% of the current sales price. Our method therefore allows the production of affordable ferritin heavy chain as a carrier for therapeutic and diagnostic agents, which is suitable for further stability and functionality testing in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Knödler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V., Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Opdensteinen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V., Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Felix Buyel
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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10
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Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Cao T, Liu X, Liu X, Yan Y, Shi Y, Wang JC. Ferritin-based nanomedicine for disease treatment. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:49-74. [PMID: 37724111 PMCID: PMC10471093 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is an endogenous protein which is self-assembled by 24 subunits into a highly uniform nanocage structure. Due to the drug-encapsulating ability in the hollow inner cavity and abundant modification sites on the outer surface, ferritin nanocage has been demonstrated great potential to become a multi-functional nanomedicine platform. Its good biocompatibility, low toxicity and immunogenicity, intrinsic tumor-targeting ability, high stability, low cost and massive production, together make ferritin nanocage stand out from other nanocarriers. In this review, we summarized ferritin-based nanomedicine in field of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The different types of drugs to be loaded in ferritin, as well as drug-loading methods were classified. The strategies for site-specific and non-specific functional modification of ferritin were investigated, then the application of ferritin for disease imaging, drug delivery and vaccine development were discussed. Finally, the challenges restricting the clinical translation of ferritin-based nanomedicines were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmiao Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Innovative Formulations and Pharmaceutical Excipients, Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Ferritin-Coated SPIONs as New Cancer Cell Targeted Magnetic Nanocarrier. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031163. [PMID: 36770830 PMCID: PMC9919024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) may act as an excellent theragnostic tool if properly coated and stabilized in a biological environment, even more, if they have targeting properties towards a specific cellular target. Humanized Archaeoglobus fulgidus Ferritin (HumAfFt) is an engineered ferritin characterized by the peculiar salt-triggered assembly-disassembly of the hyperthermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus ferritin and is successfully endowed with the human H homopolymer recognition sequence by the transferrin receptor (TfR1 or CD71), overexpressed in many cancer cells in response to the increased demand of iron. For this reason, HumAfFt was successfully used in this study as a coating material for 10 nm SPIONs, in order to produce a new magnetic nanocarrier able to discriminate cancer cells from normal cells and maintain the potential theragnostic properties of SPIONs. HumAfFt-SPIONs were exhaustively characterized in terms of size, morphology, composition, and cytotoxicity. The preferential uptake capacity of cancer cells toward HumAfFt-SPIONs was demonstrated in vitro on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) versus normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell lines.
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12
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Obozina AS, Komedchikova EN, Kolesnikova OA, Iureva AM, Kovalenko VL, Zavalko FA, Rozhnikova TV, Tereshina ED, Mochalova EN, Shipunova VO. Genetically Encoded Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010231. [PMID: 36678860 PMCID: PMC9861179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles of different origins are considered as new-generation diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, there are no targeted drug formulations within the composition of nanoparticles approved by the FDA for use in the clinic, which is associated with the insufficient effectiveness of the developed candidates, the difficulties of their biotechnological production, and inadequate batch-to-batch reproducibility. Targeted protein self-assembling nanoparticles circumvent this problem since proteins are encoded in DNA and the final protein product is produced in only one possible way. We believe that the combination of the endless biomedical potential of protein carriers as nanoparticles and the standardized protein purification protocols will make significant progress in "magic bullet" creation possible, bringing modern biomedicine to a new level. In this review, we are focused on the currently existing platforms for targeted self-assembling protein nanoparticles based on transferrin, lactoferrin, casein, lumazine synthase, albumin, ferritin, and encapsulin proteins, as well as on proteins from magnetosomes and virus-like particles. The applications of these self-assembling proteins for targeted delivery in vitro and in vivo are thoroughly discussed, including bioimaging applications and different therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, gene delivery, and photodynamic and photothermal therapy. A critical assessment of these protein platforms' efficacy in biomedicine is provided and possible problems associated with their further development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna M. Iureva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vera L. Kovalenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Fedor A. Zavalko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | | | - Elizaveta N. Mochalova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Nanobiomedicine Division, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Victoria O. Shipunova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Nanobiomedicine Division, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tailored Functionalized Protein Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010168. [PMID: 36678796 PMCID: PMC9861211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the potential use of nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents has garnered increased interest. Several nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been developed for cancer treatment. Typically, protein-based nanocarriers offer several advantages, including biodegradability and biocompatibility. Using genetic engineering or chemical conjugation approaches, well-known naturally occurring protein nanoparticles can be further prepared, engineered, and functionalized in their self-assembly to meet the demands of clinical production efficiency. Accordingly, promising protein nanoparticles have been developed with outstanding tumor-targeting capabilities, ultimately overcoming multidrug resistance issues, in vivo delivery barriers, and mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Bioinspired by natural nanoparticles, advanced computational techniques have been harnessed for the programmable design of highly homogenous protein nanoparticles, which could open new routes for the rational design of vaccines and drug formulations. The current review aims to present several significant advancements made in protein nanoparticle technology, and their use in cancer therapy. Additionally, tailored construction methods and therapeutic applications of engineered protein-based nanoparticles are discussed.
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14
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Nakahara Y, Endo Y, Inoue I. Construction Protocol of Drug-Protein Cage Complexes for Drug Delivery System. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2671:335-347. [PMID: 37308654 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3222-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is one of the most promising drug delivery system (DDS) carriers because of its uniform nanosize, biodistribution, efficient cellular uptake, and biocompatibility. Conventionally, a disassembly/reassembly method that requires pH change has been used for the encapsulation of molecules in ferritin protein nanocages. Recently, a one-step method in which a complex of ferritin and a targeted drug was obtained by incubating the mixture at an appropriate pH, was established. Here, we describe two types of protocols, the conventional disassembly/reassembly method, and the novel one-step method for the construction of a ferritin-encapsulated drug using doxorubicin as an example molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakahara
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yuta Endo
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ippei Inoue
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Yu L, Shang Z, Jin Q, Chan SY, Hong W, Li N, Li P. Antibody-Antimicrobial Conjugates for Combating Antibiotic Resistance. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202207. [PMID: 36300640 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As the development of new antibiotics lags far behind the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, alternative strategies to resolve this dilemma are urgently required. Antibody-drug conjugate is a promising therapeutic platform to delivering cytotoxic payloads precisely to target cells for efficient disease treatment. Antibody-antimicrobial conjugates (AACs) have recently attracted considerable interest from researchers as they can target bacteria in the target sites and improve the effectiveness of drugs (i.e., reduced drug dosage and adverse effects), abating the upsurge of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, the selection and progress of three essential blocks that compose the AACs: antibodies, antimicrobial payloads, and linkers are discussed. The commonly used conjugation strategies and the latest applications of AACs in recent years are also summarized. The challenges and opportunities of this booming technology are also discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luofeng Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zifang Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.,Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qizhe Jin
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Siew Yin Chan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Weilin Hong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Nan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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16
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Ferritin - a multifaceted protein scaffold for biotherapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1652-1657. [PMID: 36192487 PMCID: PMC9527718 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferritin nanocage is an endogenous protein that exists in almost all mammals. Its hollow spherical structure that naturally stores iron ions has been diversely exploited by researchers in biotherapeutics. Ferritin has excellent biosafety profiles, and the nanosized particles exhibit rapid dispersion and controlled/sustained release pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the large surface-to-volume ratio and the disassembly/reassembly behavior of the 24 monomer subunits into a sphere allow diverse modifications by chemical and genetic methods on the surface and inner cage of ferritin. Here, we critically review ferritin and its applications. We (i) introduce the application of ferritin in drug delivery; (ii) present an overview of the use of ferritin in imaging and diagnosis for biomedical purposes; (iii) discuss ferritin-based vaccines; and (iv) review ferritin-based agents currently in clinical trials. Although there are no currently approved drugs based on ferritin, this multifunctional protein scaffold shows immense potential in drug development in diverse categories, and ferritin-based drugs have recently entered phase I clinical trials. This golden shortlist of recent developments will be of immediate benefit and interest to researchers studying ferritin and other protein-based biotherapeutics.
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17
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Hou S, Hasnat M, Chen Z, Liu Y, Faran Ashraf Baig MM, Liu F, Chen Z. Application Perspectives of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909526. [PMID: 35860027 PMCID: PMC9291274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that seriously threatens human health. Based on the improvement of traditional treatment methods and the development of new treatment modes, the pattern of cancer treatment is constantly being optimized. Nanomedicine plays an important role in these evolving tumor treatment modalities. In this article, we outline the applications of nanomedicine in three important tumor-related fields: chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. According to the current common problems, such as poor targeting of first-line chemotherapy drugs, easy destruction of nucleic acid drugs, and common immune-related adverse events in immunotherapy, we discuss how nanomedicine can be combined with these treatment modalities, provide typical examples, and summarize the advantages brought by the application of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yinong Liu
- Hospital Laboratory of Nangjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Nangjing, China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Novel Bio-functional, and Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fuhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Zelong Chen, ; Fuhe Liu,
| | - Zelong Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Wise Medical, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zelong Chen, ; Fuhe Liu,
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18
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Elzenaty O, Luciani P, Aleandri S. A lipidic mesophase with tunable release properties for the local delivery of macromolecules: the apoferritin nanocage, a case study. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3876-3885. [PMID: 35470843 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00403h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mesophases are able to incorporate and release a plethora of molecules, spanning from hydrophobic drugs to small hydrophilic proteins and therefore they have been widely used as drug delivery systems. However, their 3-5 nm water channels do not allow the release of large hydrophilic molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins. To overcome this major geometrical constraint, we designed a gel by mixing monoacylglycerol lipids, generally recognized as safe for human and/or animal use by FDA, and phospholipids, to obtain a material with swollen water channels suitable to host and further release macromolecules. Apoferritin, a 12 nm nanocage protein with intrinsic tumor-targeting properties able to incorporate several molecules, was selected here as the hydrophilic model protein to be embedded in the biocompatible gel. When immersed completely in the release media, mesophases with a swollen water channel of 22 nm, composed of monoolein and doped with 5 mole% of DOPS and 10 mole% of Chol allowed us to achieve a protein release of 60%, which is 120 times higher with respect to that obtained by employing non swollen-LMPs composed only of monoolein. Thus, the formulation can be administered locally to the rectal or vaginal mucosa, reducing the drawbacks often associated with the parenteral administration of bio-therapeutics. This approach would pave the way for the local application of other biomacromolecules (including human ferritin, monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug-conjugates) in those diseases easily reachable by a local application such as rectal or vaginal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Elzenaty
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Simone Aleandri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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19
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Edwardson TGW, Levasseur MD, Tetter S, Steinauer A, Hori M, Hilvert D. Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9145-9197. [PMID: 35394752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse protein cages, including viral capsids, ferritins, bacterial microcompartments, and designed capsules, as vaccines, drug delivery vehicles, targeted imaging agents, nanoreactors, templates for controlled materials synthesis, building blocks for higher-order architectures, and more. A deep understanding of the principles underlying the construction, function, and evolution of natural systems has been key to tailoring selective cargo encapsulation and interactions with both biological systems and synthetic materials through protein engineering and directed evolution. The ability to adapt and design increasingly sophisticated capsid structures and functions stands to benefit the fields of catalysis, materials science, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mao Hori
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Wei X, Ji L, Peng J, Du K, Feng F. Noncovalent Engineering of Apoferritin with a PEGylated [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimic for In Situ Polymerization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1756-1765. [PMID: 35323009 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoferritin can act as a scaffold for functionalization in the inner and outer surfaces. However, traditional covalent modification methods have a risk of disrupting the structure and physicochemical properties of apoferritin. Herein, we report a method for designing versatile apoferritin-based nanosystems through noncovalent interaction between a PEGylated [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimic (FeFe-PEG-N3) and apoferritin. FeFe-PEG-N3 can be anchored into the threefold channels of apoferritin via program injection, at a number of ∼8 per protein. We also engineered apoferritin with an FeFe-PEG-N3/ATRP initiator conjugate for in situ and noninvasive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at the apoferritin surface. This "grafting-from" method for noncovalent apoferritin engineering has the advantages of simple preparation, good controllability, and high efficiency and affords opportunities for the construction of multifunctional apoferritin-based nanosystems for broad applications such as drug delivery and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinlei Peng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Du
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fude Feng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Conti L, Ciambellotti S, Giacomazzo GE, Ghini V, Cosottini L, Puliti E, Severi M, Fratini E, Cencetti F, Bruni P, Valtancoli B, Giorgi C, Turano P. Ferritin nanocomposites for the selective delivery of photosensitizing ruthenium-polypyridyl compounds to cancer cells. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human ferritin platforms containing Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-based photosensitizers effectively target cancer cells and provide cytotoxic effects upon light-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciambellotti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Gina Elena Giacomazzo
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Cosottini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Elisa Puliti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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22
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Xu XL, Zhang NN, Shu GF, Liu D, Qi J, Jin FY, Ji JS, Du YZ. A Luminol-Based Self-Illuminating Nanocage as a Reactive Oxygen Species Amplifier to Enhance Deep Tumor Penetration and Synergistic Therapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19394-19408. [PMID: 34806870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor tissues resists drug diffusion into tumors and leads to a poor prognosis. To address this problem, glucose oxidase (GOx)-modified ferritin loaded with luminol-curcumin was fabricated. Once delivered to the tumor, this luminol-based self-illuminating nanocage could actively convert glucose to reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve starvation therapy. Then, excessive ROS were transmitted to luminol, thereby emitting 425 nm blue-violet light. Momentarily, light was further absorbed by curcumin and ROS production was amplified. Abundant ROS helps break down the ECM network to penetrate deep into tumors. In addition, ROS produced after cell internalization can induce apoptosis of tumor cells by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and can promote ferroptosis by consuming reduced glutathione. Effective penetration and multiple pathways inducing tumor cell death contributed to the efficient antitumor effect (tumor inhibition rate of GOx-modified ferritin loaded with luminol-curcumin: 71.73%). This study developed a glucose-driven self-illuminating nanocage for active tumor penetration via ROS-mediated destruction of the ECM and provided the synergetic mechanism of apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fei-Yang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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23
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Role of ARP2/3 Complex-Driven Actin Polymerization in RSV Infection. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010026. [PMID: 35055974 PMCID: PMC8781601 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral agent causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under five years old worldwide. The RSV infection cycle starts with macropinocytosis-based entry into the host airway epithelial cell membrane, followed by virus transcription, replication, assembly, budding, and spread. It is not surprising that the host actin cytoskeleton contributes to different stages of the RSV replication cycle. RSV modulates actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex-driven actin polymerization for a robust filopodia induction on the infected lung epithelial A549 cells, which contributes to the virus’s budding, and cell-to-cell spread. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of RSV-induced cytoskeletal modulation and its role in lung pathobiology may identify novel intervention strategies. This review will focus on the role of the ARP2/3 complex in RSV’s pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets to the ARP2/3 complex for RSV.
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24
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Rodrigues MQ, Alves PM, Roldão A. Functionalizing Ferritin Nanoparticles for Vaccine Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1621. [PMID: 34683914 PMCID: PMC8540537 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the interest in ferritin-based vaccines has been increasing due to their safety and immunogenicity. Candidates against a wide range of pathogens are now on Phase I clinical trials namely for influenza, Epstein-Barr, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Manufacturing challenges related to particle heterogeneity, improper folding of fused antigens, and antigen interference with intersubunit interactions still need to be overcome. In addition, protocols need to be standardized so that the production bioprocess becomes reproducible, allowing ferritin-based therapeutics to become readily available. In this review, the building blocks that enable the formulation of ferritin-based vaccines at an experimental stage, including design, production, and purification are presented. Novel bioengineering strategies of functionalizing ferritin nanoparticles based on modular assembly, allowing the challenges associated with genetic fusion to be circumvented, are discussed. Distinct up/down-stream approaches to produce ferritin-based vaccines and their impact on production yield and vaccine efficacy are compared. Finally, ferritin nanoparticles currently used in vaccine development and clinical trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Q. Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.Q.R.); (P.M.A.)
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.Q.R.); (P.M.A.)
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Roldão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.Q.R.); (P.M.A.)
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Battaglia L, Scomparin A, Dianzani C, Milla P, Muntoni E, Arpicco S, Cavalli R. Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34683910 PMCID: PMC8540596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient's response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present review reports an overview of the main melanoma-addressed nanomedicines currently under study in Italy, alongside the state of the art of melanoma therapy. Moreover, the latest Italian advances concerning the pre-clinical evaluation of nanomedicines for melanoma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Scomparin
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
- . Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Paola Milla
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
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Yin S, Zhang B, Lin J, Liu Y, Su Z, Bi J. Development of purification process for dual-function recombinant human heavy-chain ferritin by the investigation of genetic modification impact on conformation. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:630-642. [PMID: 34690634 PMCID: PMC8518560 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is a promising drug delivery platform and has been functionalized through genetic modifications. This work has designed and expressed a dual-functional engineered human heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) with the inserted functional peptide PAS and RGDK to extend half-life and improve tumor targeted drug delivery. A facile and cost-effective two-step purification pathway for recombinant HFn was developed. The genetic modification was found to affect HFn conformation, and therefore varied the purification performance. Heat-acid precipitation followed by butyl fast flow hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has been developed to purify HFn and modified HFns. Nucleic acid removal reached above 99.8% for HFn and modified HFns. However, HFn purity reached above 95% and recovery yield (overall) above 90%, compared with modified HFns purity above 82% and recovery yield (overall) above 58%. It is interesting to find that the inserted functional peptides significantly changed the molecule conformation, where a putative turnover of the E-helix with the inserted functional peptides formed a "flop" conformation, in contrast with the "flip" conformation of HFn. It could be the cause of fragile stability of modified HFns, and therefore less tolerant to heat and acid condition, observed by the lower recovery yield in heat-acid precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Jianying Lin
- College of Biomedical EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
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Zhang J, Cheng D, He J, Hong J, Yuan C, Liang M. Cargo loading within ferritin nanocages in preparation for tumor-targeted delivery. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4878-4896. [PMID: 34497386 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are spherical iron storage proteins within cells, composed of 24 subunits of two types, heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) and light-chain ferritin. Ferritins auto-assemble naturally into hollow nanocages with an outer diameter of 12 nm and an interior cavity 8 nm in diameter. Since the intrinsic tumor-targeting property of human HFn was first reported in 2012, HFn has been extensively explored for tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs and diagnostic molecules, including radioisotopes and fluorophores, as well as inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and chemotherapeutic drugs. This protocol provides four detailed procedures describing how to load four types of cargoes within HFn nanocages that are capable of accurately controlling cargo loading: synthesis of inorganic metal nanoparticles within the cavity of a wild-type human HFn nanocage (Procedure 1, requires ~5 h); loading of doxorubicin into the cavity of a wild-type human HFn nanocage (Procedure 2, requires ~3 d); loading Gd3+ into the cavity of a genetically engineered human HFn nanocage (Procedure 3, requires ~20 h); and loading 64Cu2+ radioisotope into the cavity of a genetically engineered human HFn nanocage (Procedure 4, requires ~3 h). Subsequent use of these HFn-based formulations is advantageous as they have intrinsic tumor-targeting capability and lack immunogenicity. Human HFn generated as described in this protocol can therefore be used to deliver therapeutic drugs and diagnostic signals as multifunctional nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zhang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuyang He
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanji Hong
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yuan
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Liang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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Zhang B, Tang G, He J, Yan X, Fan K. Ferritin nanocage: A promising and designable multi-module platform for constructing dynamic nanoassembly-based drug nanocarrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113892. [PMID: 34331986 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin has been widely recognized as an ideal drug delivery vehicle owing to its unique cage-like structure. Coupled with intrinsic targeting ability and excellent biosafety, ferritin-based drug delivery system, recently coined as ferritin drug carrier (FDC), has sparked great interest among researchers and shown promising application potential in the biomedical field. However, the flexibility and accuracy of traditional FDCs are limited when facing with complex disease microenvironments. To meet the fast-growing requirements for precision medicine, ferritin can serve as a designable multi-module platform to fabricate smarter FDC, which we introduce here as dynamic nanoassembly-based ferritin drug carrier (DNFDC). Compared to conventional FDC, DNFDCs directly integrate required functions into their nanostructure, which can achieve dynamic transformation upon stimuli to specifically activate and exert therapeutic functions at targeted sites. In this review, we summarize the superior characteristics of ferritin that contribute to the on-demand design of DNFDC and outline the current advances in DNFDC. Moreover, the potential research directions and challenges are also discussed here. Hopefully, this review may inspire the future development of DNFDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guoheng Tang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jiuyang He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Jiang B, Jia X, Ji T, Zhou M, He J, Wang K, Tian J, Yan X, Fan K. Ferritin nanocages for early theranostics of tumors via inflammation-enhanced active targeting. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:328-340. [PMID: 34482518 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanocarriers have been widely developed for tumor theranostics. However, the delivery of imaging probes or therapeutic drugs to the tumor pre-formation site for early and accurate detection and therapy remains a major challenge. Here, by using tailor-functionalized human H-ferritin (HFn), we developed a triple-modality nanoprobe IRdye800-M-HFn and achieved the early imaging of tumor cells before the formation of solid tumor tissues. Then, we developed an HFn-doxorubicin (Dox) drug delivery system by loading Dox into the HFn protein cage and achieved early-stage tumor therapy. The intravenous injection of HFn nanoprobes enabled the imaging of tumor cells as early as two days after tumor implantation, and the triple-modality imaging techniques, namely, near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging (NIR-FMI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), ensured the accuracy of detection. Further exploration indicated that HFn could specifically penetrate into pre-solid tumor sites by tumor-associated inflammation-mediated blood vessel leakage, followed by effective accumulation in tumor cells by the specific targeting property of HFn to transferrin receptor 1. Thus, the HFn-Dox drug delivery system delivered Dox into the tumor pre-formation site and effectively killed tumor cells at early stage. IRDye800-M-HFn nanoprobes and HFn-Dox provide promising strategies for early-stage tumor diagnosis and constructive implications for early-stage tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiuyang He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Kelong Fan
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Sun X, Hong Y, Gong Y, Zheng S, Xie D. Bioengineered Ferritin Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7023. [PMID: 34209892 PMCID: PMC8268655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin naturally exists in most organisms and can specifically recognize the transferrin 1 receptor (TfR1), which is generally highly expressed on various types of tumor cells. The pH dependent reversible assembling and disassembling property of ferritin renders it as a suitable candidate for encapsulating a variety of anticancer drugs and imaging probes. Ferritins external surface is chemically and genetically modifiable which can serve as attachment site for tumor specific targeting peptides or moieties. Moreover, the biological origin of these protein cages makes it a biocompatible nanocarrier that stabilizes and protects the enclosed particles from the external environment without provoking any toxic or immunogenic responses. Recent studies, further establish ferritin as a multifunctional nanocarrier for targeted cancer chemotherapy and phototherapy. In this review, we introduce the favorable characteristics of ferritin drug carriers, the specific targeted surface modification and a multifunctional nanocarriers combined chemotherapy with phototherapy for tumor treatment. Taken together, ferritin is a potential ideal base of engineered nanoparticles for tumor therapy and still needs to explore more on its way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (S.Z.); (D.X.)
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Song J, Liu Y, Ren X, Zhao Y. Protein-Based Nanomedicine for Therapeutic Benefits of Cancer. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8001-8038. [PMID: 33900074 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, a type of natural biopolymer that possess many prominent merits, have been widely utilized to engineer nanomedicine for fighting against cancer. Motivated by their ever-increasing attention in the scientific community, this review aims to provide a comprehensive showcase on the current landscape of protein-based nanomedicine for cancer therapy. On the basis of role differences of proteins in nanomedicine, protein-based nanomedicine engineered with protein therapeutics, protein carriers, enzymes, and composite proteins is introduced. The cancer therapeutic benefits of the protein-based nanomedicine are also discussed, including small-molecular therapeutics-mediated therapy, macromolecular therapeutics-mediated therapy, radiation-mediated therapy, reactive oxygen species-mediated therapy, and thermal effect-mediated therapy. Lastly, future developments and potential challenges of protein-based nanomedicine are elucidated toward clinical translation. It is believed that protein-based nanomedicine will play a vital role in the battle against cancer. We hope that this review will inspire extensive research interests from diverse disciplines to further push the developments of protein-based nanomedicine in the biomedical frontier, contributing to ever-greater medical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yizhen Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Carrion CC, Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajjadi M, Jaleh B, Soufi GJ, Iravani S. Lignin, lipid, protein, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, gum, pectin, alginate and chitosan-based nanomaterials for cancer nanotherapy: Challenges and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:193-228. [PMID: 33631269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems are relatively new, they are rapidly evolving since the nanomaterials are deployed as effective means of diagnosis and delivery of assorted therapeutic agents to targeted intracellular sites in a controlled release manner. Nanomedicine and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are rapidly developing as they play crucial roles in the development of therapeutic strategies for various types of cancer and malignancy. Nevertheless, high costs, associated toxicity and production of complexities are some of the critical barriers for their applications. Green nanomedicines have continually been improved as one of the viable approaches towards tumor drug delivery, thus making a notable impact on which considerably affect cancer treatment. In this regard, the utilization of natural and renewable feedstocks as a starting point for the fabrication of nanosystems can considerably contribute to the development of green nanomedicines. Nanostructures and biopolymers derived from natural and biorenewable resources such as proteins, lipids, lignin, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, gum, pectin, alginate, and chitosan play vital roles in the development of cancer nanotherapy, imaging and management. This review uncovers recent investigations on diverse nanoarchitectures fabricated from natural and renewable feedstocks for the controlled/sustained and targeted drug/gene delivery systems against cancers including an outlook on some of the scientific challenges and opportunities in this field. Various important natural biopolymers and nanomaterials for cancer nanotherapy are covered and the scientific challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrillo Carrion
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra Nnal IV-A Km. 396, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 37185-359, Iran
| | - Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Rizzuto MA, Dal Magro R, Barbieri L, Pandolfi L, Sguazzini-Viscontini A, Truffi M, Salvioni L, Corsi F, Colombo M, Re F, Prosperi D. H-Ferritin nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antibodies across a BBB in vitro model for treatment of brain malignancies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2032-2042. [PMID: 33544109 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancers are a group of neoplasms that can be either primary, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), or metastatic, such as the HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis. The brain represents a sanctuary for cancer cells thanks to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) that controls trafficking of molecules, protecting the brain from toxic substances including drugs. Considering that GBM and HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases are characterized by EGFR and HER2 over-expression respectively, CTX- and TZ-based treatment could be effective. Several studies show that these monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exert both a cytostatic activity interfering with the transduction pathways of EGFR family and a cytotoxic activity mainly through the immune system activation via the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Since the major limitation to therapeutic mAbs application is the presence of the BBB, here we use a recombinant form of human apoferritin (HFn) as a nanovector to promote the delivery of mAbs to the brain for the activation of the ADCC response. Using a transwell model of the BBB we proved the crossing ability of HFn-mAb. Cellular uptake of HFn-mAb by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. Moreover, after crossing the endothelial monolayer, HFn-conjugated mAbs retain their biological activity against targets, as assessed by MTS and ADCC assays. Our data support the use of HFn as efficient carrier to enhance the BBB crossing of mAbs, without affecting their antitumoral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Rizzuto
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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Ma Y, Dong Y, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y. Tumor-Penetrating Peptide-Functionalized Ferritin Enhances Antitumor Activity of Paclitaxel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2654-2663. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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Arsenoplatin-Ferritin Nanocage: Structure and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041874. [PMID: 33668605 PMCID: PMC7918638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenoplatin-1 (AP-1), the prototype of a novel class of metallodrugs containing a PtAs(OH)2 core, was encapsulated within the apoferritin (AFt) nanocage. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy measurements confirmed metallodrug encapsulation and allowed us to determine the average amount of AP-1 trapped inside the cage. The X-ray structure of AP-1-encapsulated AFt was solved at 1.50 Å. Diffraction data revealed that an AP-1 fragment coordinates the side chain of a His residue. The biological activity of AP-1-loaded AFt was comparatively tested on a few representative cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Even though the presence of the cage reduces the overall cytotoxicity of AP-1, it improves its selectivity towards cancer cells.
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Tumor Accumulation and Off-Target Biodistribution of an Indocyanine-Green Fluorescent Nanotracer: An Ex Vivo Study on an Orthotopic Murine Model of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041601. [PMID: 33562574 PMCID: PMC7915532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near infrared fluorescent tracer used in image-guided surgery to assist surgeons during resection. Despite appearing as a very promising tool for surgical oncology, its employment in this area is limited to lymph node mapping or to laparoscopic surgery, as it lacks tumor targeting specificity. Recently, a nanoformulation of this dye has been proposed with the aim toward tumor targeting specificity in order to expand its employment in surgical oncology. This nanosystem is constituted by 24 monomers of H-Ferritin (HFn), which self-assemble into a spherical cage structure enclosing the indocyanine green fluorescent tracer. These HFn nanocages were demonstrated to display tumor homing due to the specific interaction between the HFn nanocage and transferrin receptor 1, which is overexpressed in most tumor tissues. Here, we provide an ex vivo detailed comparison between the biodistribution of this nanotracer and free ICG, combining the results obtained with the Karl Storz endoscope that is currently used in clinical practice and the quantification of the ICG signal derived from the fluorescence imaging system IVIS Lumina II. These insights demonstrate the suitability of this novel HFn-based nanosystem in fluorescence-guided oncological surgery.
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Sitia L, Bonizzi A, Mazzucchelli S, Negri S, Sottani C, Grignani E, Rizzuto MA, Prosperi D, Sorrentino L, Morasso C, Allevi R, Sevieri M, Silva F, Truffi M, Corsi F. Selective Targeting of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts by Engineered H-Ferritin Nanocages Loaded with Navitoclax. Cells 2021; 10:328. [PMID: 33562504 PMCID: PMC7915356 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key actors in regulating cancer progression. They promote tumor growth, metastasis formation, and induce drug resistance. For these reasons, they are emerging as potential therapeutic targets. Here, with the aim of developing CAF-targeted drug delivery agents, we functionalized H-ferritin (HFn) nanocages with fibroblast activation protein (FAP) antibody fragments. Functionalized nanocages (HFn-FAP) have significantly higher binding with FAP+ CAFs than with FAP- cancer cells. We loaded HFn-FAP with navitoclax (Nav), an experimental Bcl-2 inhibitor pro-apoptotic drug, whose clinical development is limited by its strong hydrophobicity and toxicity. We showed that Nav is efficiently loaded into HFn (HNav), maintaining its mechanism of action. Incubating Nav-loaded functionalized nanocages (HNav-FAP) with FAP+ cells, we found significantly higher cytotoxicity as compared to non-functionalized HNav. This was correlated with a significantly higher drug release only in FAP+ cells, confirming the specific targeting ability of functionalized HFn. Finally, we showed that HFn-FAP is able to reach the tumor and to target CAFs in a mouse syngeneic model of triple negative breast cancer after intravenous administration. Our data show that HNav-FAP could be a promising tool to enhance specific drug delivery into CAFs, thus opening new therapeutic possibilities focused on tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Sitia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Sara Negri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (E.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Sottani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (E.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Elena Grignani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (E.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Rizzuto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.A.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.A.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (E.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Raffaele Allevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Sevieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Filippo Silva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (E.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (E.G.); (C.M.)
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Anderson TS, Wooster AL, La-Beck NM, Saha D, Lowe DB. Antibody-drug conjugates: an evolving approach for melanoma treatment. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:1-17. [PMID: 33165241 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma continues to be an aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer while therapeutic options are continuously developing in an effort to provide long-term solutions for patients. Immunotherapeutic strategies incorporating antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have seen varied levels of success across tumor types and represent a promising approach for melanoma. This review will explore the successes of FDA-approved ADCs to date compared to the ongoing efforts of melanoma-targeting ADCs. The challenges and opportunities for future therapeutic development are also examined to distinguish how ADCs may better impact individuals with malignancies such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ninh M La-Beck
- Departments of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology
- Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | | | - Devin B Lowe
- Departments of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology
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Kurzątkowska K, Pazos MA, Herschkowitz JI, Hepel M. Cancer-Targeted Controlled Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Anthracycline Derivatives Using Apoferritin Nanocage Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031362. [PMID: 33572999 PMCID: PMC7866407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of chemotherapeutic drugs with nanocage protein apoferritin (APO) are the key features in the effective encapsulation and release of highly toxic drugs in APO-based controlled drug delivery systems. The encapsulation enables mitigating the drugs' side effects, collateral damage to healthy cells, and adverse immune reactions. Herein, the interactions of anthracycline drugs with APO were studied to assess the effect of drug lipophilicity on their encapsulation excess n and in vitro activity. Anthracycline drugs, including doxorubicin (DOX), epirubicin (EPI), daunorubicin (DAU), and idarubicin (IDA), with lipophilicity P from 0.8 to 15, were investigated. We have found that in addition to hydrogen-bonded supramolecular ensemble formation with n = 24, there are two other competing contributions that enable increasing n under strong polar interactions (APO(DOX)) or under strong hydrophobic interactions (APO(IDA) of the highest efficacy). The encapsulation/release processes were investigated using UV-Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and FTIR spectroscopies. The in vitro cytotoxicity/growth inhibition tests and flow cytometry corroborate high apoptotic activity of APO(drugs) against targeted MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma and HeLa cells, and low activity against healthy MCF10A cells, demonstrating targeting ability of nanodrugs. A model for molecular interactions between anthracyclines and APO nanocarriers was developed, and the relationships derived compared with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kurzątkowska
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
- Department of Biosensors, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (M.H.); Tel.: +1-315-267-2267 (M.H.)
| | - Manuel A. Pazos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12222, USA; (M.A.P.II); (J.I.H.)
| | - Jason I. Herschkowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12222, USA; (M.A.P.II); (J.I.H.)
| | - Maria Hepel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (M.H.); Tel.: +1-315-267-2267 (M.H.)
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40
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Inoue I, Chiba M, Ito K, Okamatsu Y, Suga Y, Kitahara Y, Nakahara Y, Endo Y, Takahashi K, Tagami U, Okamoto N. One-step construction of ferritin encapsulation drugs for cancer chemotherapy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1875-1883. [PMID: 33439183 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04019c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, a disassembly and reassembly method has been used for encapsulation of drug molecules in ferritin protein nano-cages. However, clinical applications of ferritin have been greatly restricted by its limited drug-loading capacity and process complexity. Here, we establish a simple high yield process for preparing high drug-loaded ferritin nanomedicine for industrial production. A complex of ferritin and a target drug was obtained by incubating the mixture at an appropriate pH. An electrostatic charge potential and small ferritin cavity facilitates the passage of drug molecules through the pores, traversing the ferritin shell and enabling deposition of the drug in the ferritin cavity. Compared to the disassembly/reassembly method, the loading capacity of a doxorubicin-loaded ferritin heavy chain (DOX-FTH), constructed by our novel method, was over 3-fold higher, while doxorubicin recovery was 10-fold higher. Results of transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential indicate that DOX-FTH exhibits the same physicochemical characteristics of natural apo-ferritin. Moreover, DOX-FTH can be taken up and induce apoptosis of cancer cells overexpressing TfR1. Here, we have demonstrated the successful introduction of more than ten drug molecule types into ferritin nano-cages using a novel method. These results demonstrate that this one-step method is a powerful production process to construct a drug-loading ferritin drug delivery system carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Inoue
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
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Liu M, Li L, Jin D, Liu Y. Nanobody-A versatile tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1697. [PMID: 33470555 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment, their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as tumor penetration and high cost of manufacture. Nanobody, a single domain antibody that holds the strong antigen targeting and binding capacity, has demonstrated various advantages relative to antibody. Nanobody is considered as a next-generation of antibody-derived tool in the antigen related recognition and modulation. A number of nanobodies have been developed and evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for cancer treatment. Here we summarized the current progress of nanobody in tumor diagnosis and therapeutics, particularly on the conjugation of nanobody with functional moieties. The nanobody conjugation of diagnostic agents, such as radionuclide and optical tracers, can achieve specific tumor imaging. The nanobody-drug conjugates can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and reduce the adverse effects. The decoration of nanobody on nanodrug delivery systems can further improve the drug targeting to specific tumors. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Duo Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Arasi MB, Pedini F, Valentini S, Felli N, Felicetti F. Advances in Natural or Synthetic Nanoparticles for Metastatic Melanoma Therapy and Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102893. [PMID: 33050185 PMCID: PMC7601614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced melanoma is still a major challenge in oncology. In the early stages, melanoma can be treated successfully with surgery and the survival rate is high, nevertheless the survival rate drops drastically after metastasis dissemination. The identification of parameters predictive of the prognosis to support clinical decisions and of new efficacious therapies are important to ensure patients the best possible prognosis. Recent progress in nanotechnology allowed the development of nanoparticles able to protect drugs from degradation and to deliver the drug to the tumor. Modification of the nanoparticle surface by specific molecules improves retention and accumulation in the target tissue. In this review, we describe the potential role of nanoparticles in advanced melanoma treatment and discuss the current efforts of designing polymeric nanoparticles for controlled drug release at the site upon injection. In addition, we highlight the advances as well as the challenges of exosome-based nanocarriers as drug vehicles. We place special focus on the advantages of these natural nanocarriers in delivering various cargoes in advanced melanoma treatment. We also describe the current advances in knowledge of melanoma-related exosomes, including their biogenesis, molecular contents and biological functions, focusing our attention on their utilization for early diagnosis and prognosis in melanoma disease.
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Juan A, Cimas FJ, Bravo I, Pandiella A, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. Antibody Conjugation of Nanoparticles as Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6018. [PMID: 32825618 PMCID: PMC7504566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive tumor in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Nanomedicine raises high expectations for millions of patients as it can provide better, more efficient, and affordable healthcare, and it has the potential to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of solid tumors. In this regard, targeted therapies can be encapsulated into nanocarriers, and these nanovehicles are guided to the tumors through conjugation with antibodies-the so-called antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs). ACNPs can preserve the chemical structure of drugs, deliver them in a controlled manner, and reduce toxicity. As certain breast cancer subtypes and indications have limited therapeutic options, this field provides hope for the future treatment of patients with difficult to treat breast cancers. In this review, we discuss the application of ACNPs for the treatment of this disease. Given the fact that ACNPs have shown clinical activity in this clinical setting, special emphasis on the role of the nanovehicles and their translation to the clinic is placed on the revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Juan
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Oncología Traslacional, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-CSIC, IBSAL- Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital clínico San Carlos, IdISSC and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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Wei J, Li Z, Yang Y, Ma G, Su Z, Zhang S. An Apoferritin-Hemagglutinin Conjugate Vaccine with Encapsulated Nucleoprotein Antigen Peptide from Influenza Virus Confers Enhanced Cross Protection. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1948-1959. [PMID: 32678574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring self-assembling ferritin nanoparticles have become widely appreciated for vaccine design. In this study, an apoferritin (AFt) nanocage was used as a carrier to construct a biomimetic influenza vaccine by encapsulating a conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) antigen peptide inside the nanocage, followed by chemically conjugating the surface antigen hemagglutinin (HA) protein on the outer surface of the AFt. Benefiting from the excellent thermal stability and thermallyassociated structural flexibility of the AFt nanocages, a novel temperature shift based encapsulation process was proposed and proved efficient for encapsulation of the NP peptides. On average, about 18 NPs were encapsulated and 1.6 HA antigens were conjugated in each of the HA-AFt+NP dual-antigen influenza vaccines. Upon immunization in mice, the HA-AFt+NP vaccine elicited both HA and NP-specific antibodies, and conferred complete protection against a lethal infection of both homologous PR8 H1N1 and heterologous A/FM/1/47 (FM1, H1N1) strains, while the HA-AFt conjugate vaccine without encapsulated NP antigen only conferred 60% protection against the FM1 H1N1 viral challenge. The potential cross-protective effect of the HA-AFt+NP vaccine was further demonstrated by significant specific hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers in serum of the immunized mice against heterologous A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2) viral strain, which was about 3-fold of that induced by HA antigen and 2-fold of the HA-AFt conjugate vaccine. This biomimetic HA-AFt+NP conjugate vaccine, therefore, may represent a new strategy for developing a potential universal influenza vaccine without the need of any adjuvant, and further broaden the application of AFt nanocages in the areas of vaccine development and delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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45
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Zhang N, Mei K, Guan P, Hu X, Zhao Y. Protein-Based Artificial Nanosystems in Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907256. [PMID: 32378796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, like actors, play different roles in specific applications. In the past decade, significant achievements have been made in protein-engineered biomedicine for cancer therapy. Certain proteins such as human serum albumin, working as carriers for drug/photosensitizer delivery, have entered clinical use due to their long half-life, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and inherent nonimmunogenicity. Proteins with catalytic abilities are promising as adjuvant agents for other therapeutic modalities or as anticancer drugs themselves. These catalytic proteins are usually defined as enzymes with high biological activity and substrate specificity. However, clinical applications of these kinds of proteins remain rare due to protease-induced denaturation and weak cellular permeability. Based on the characteristics of different proteins, tailor-made protein-based nanosystems could make up for their individual deficiencies. Therefore, elaborately designed protein-based nanosystems, where proteins serve as drug carriers, adjuvant agents, or therapeutic drugs to make full use of their intrinsic advantages in cancer therapy, are reviewed. Up-to-date progress on research in the field of protein-based nanomedicine is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kun Mei
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ping Guan
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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46
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Liu M, Zhu Y, Wu T, Cheng J, Liu Y. Nanobody-Ferritin Conjugate for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2020; 26:7442-7450. [PMID: 32166771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is an iron-storage protein nanocage that is assembled from 24 subunits. The hollow cavity of ferritin enables its encapsulation of various therapeutic agents; therefore, ferritin has been intensively investigated for drug delivery. The use of antibody-ferritin conjugates provides an effective approach for targeted drug delivery. However, the complicated preparation and limited protein stability hamper wide applications of this system. Herein, we designed a novel nanobody-ferritin platform (Nb-Ftn) for targeted drug delivery. The site-specific conjugation between nanobody and ferritin is achieved by transglutaminase-catalyzed protein ligation. This ligation strategy allows the Nb conjugation after drug loading in ferritin, which avoids deactivation of the nanobody under the harsh pH environment required for drug encapsulation. To verify the tumor targeting of this Nb-Ftn platform, a photodynamic reagent, manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc), was loaded into the ferritin cavity, and an anti-EGFR nanobody was conjugated to the surface of the ferritin. The ferritin nanocage can encapsulate about 82 MnPc molecules. This MnPc@Nb-Ftn conjugate can be efficiently internalized by EGFR positive A431 cancer cells, but not by EGFR negative MCF-7 cells. Upon 730 nm laser irradiation, MnPc@Nb-Ftn selectively killed EGFR positive A431 cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas no obvious damage was observed on MCF-7 cells. Given that ferritin can be used for encapsulation of various therapeutic agents, this work provides a strategy for facile construction of nanobody-ferritin for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- Department of Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of, Soft Mater Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of, Soft Mater Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of, Soft Mater Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of, Soft Mater Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of, Soft Mater Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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A Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Delivering a DNA Mono-Alkylating Payload to Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan (CSPG4)-Expressing Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041029. [PMID: 32331483 PMCID: PMC7226475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging targeted and immunotherapy treatments, no monoclonal antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) directly targeting tumor cells are currently approved for melanoma therapy. The tumor-associated antigen chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a neural crest glycoprotein over-expressed on 70% of melanomas, contributes to proliferative signaling pathways, but despite highly tumor-selective expression it has not yet been targeted using ADCs. We developed a novel ADC comprising an anti-CSPG4 antibody linked to a DNA minor groove-binding agent belonging to the novel pyrridinobenzodiazepine (PDD) class. Unlike conventional DNA-interactive pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payloads that cross-link DNA, PDD-based payloads are mono-alkylating agents but have similar efficacy and substantially enhanced tolerability profiles compared to PBD-based cross-linkers. We investigated the anti-tumor activity and safety of the anti-CSPG4-(PDD) ADC in vitro and in human melanoma xenografts. Anti-CSPG4-(PDD) inhibited CSPG4-expressing melanoma cell growth and colony formation and triggered apoptosis in vitro at low nanomolar to picomolar concentrations without off-target Fab-mediated or Fc-mediated toxicity. Anti-CSPG4-(PDD) restricted xenograft growth in vivo at 2 mg/kg doses. One 5 mg/kg injection triggered tumor regression in the absence of overt toxic effects or of acquired residual tumor cell resistance. This anti-CSPG4-(PDD) can deliver a highly cytotoxic DNA mono-alkylating payload to CSPG4-expressing tumors at doses tolerated in vivo.
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Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Su W, Tan H, Janowski R, Zhang W, Wang P, Zhang J, Zhai H, Li J, Niessing D, Sattler M, Zou P. Ferritin-Displayed GLP-1 with Improved Pharmacological Activities and Pharmacokinetics. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1663-1673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Su
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Huanbo Tan
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhai
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peijian Zou
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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50
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Analytical strategies to study the formation and drug delivery capabilities of ferritin-encapsulated cisplatin in sensitive and resistant cell models. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6319-6327. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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