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Kocak M, Can Osmanogullari S, Soyler D, Arın Ozturmen B, Bekircan O, Biyiklioglu Z, Soylemez S. Synthesis and comparison of the performance of two different water-soluble phthalocyanine based electrochemical biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108788. [PMID: 39106731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a comparative study between novel water-soluble phthalocyanine-based biosensors was performed for the application of glucose sensing. For this purpose, two different copper (II) and manganese (III) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble derivatives were synthesized, and then their role as a supporting material for enzyme immobilization was evaluated by comparing their sensor performances. Two different phthalocyanine (AP-OH2-MnQ (MnPc) and AP-OH2-CuQ (CuPc)) were tested using electrochemical biosensor with immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx). To the best of our knowledge, the related water-soluble phthalocyanine-based glucose biosensors were attempted for the first time, and the developed approach resulted in improved biosensor characteristics. The constructed biosensors GE/MnPc/GOx and GE/CuPc/GOx showed good linearity between 0.003-1.0 mM and 0.05-0.4 mM, respectively. The limit of detection was estimated at 0.0026 mM for the GE/MnPc/GOx and 0.019 mM for the GE/CuPc/GOx. KMapp and sensitivity values were also calculated as 0.026 mM and 175.043 µAmM-1 cm-2 for the GE/MnPc/GOx biosensor and 0.178 mM and 117.478 µAmM-1 cm-2 for the GE/CuPc/GOx biosensor. Moreover, the fabricated biosensors were successfully tested to detect glucose levels in beverages with high recovery results. The present study shows that the proposed water-soluble phthalocyanines could be a good alternative for quick and cheap glucose sensing with improved analytical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kocak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey; Science Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42100 Konya, Turkey
| | - Sila Can Osmanogullari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Dilek Soyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey; Science Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42100 Konya, Turkey
| | - Berivan Arın Ozturmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Olcay Bekircan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey; Science Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42100 Konya, Turkey.
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2
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Urrutia P, Arrieta R, Torres C, Guerrero C, Wilson L. Amination of naringinase to improve citrus juice debittering using a catalyst immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose. Food Chem 2024; 452:139600. [PMID: 38744138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A naringinase complex was chemically aminated prior to its immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose to develop a robust biocatalyst for juice debittering. The effects of amination on the optimal pH and temperature, thermal stability, and debittering performance were analyzed. Concentration of amino groups on catalysts surface increased in 36 %. Amination reduced the β-glucosidase activity of naringinase complex; however, did not affect optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme and it favored immobilization, obtaining α-l-rhamnosidase and β-d-glucosidase activities of 1.7 and 4.2 times the values obtained when the unmodified enzymes were immobilized. Amination favored the stability of the immobilized biocatalyst, retaining 100 % of both activities after 190 h at 30 °C and pH 3, while its non-aminated counterpart retained 80 and 52 % of α-rhamnosidase and β-glucosidase activities, respectively. The immobilized catalyst showed a better performance in grapefruit juice debittering, obtaining a naringin conversion of 7 times the value obtained with the non-aminated catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Urrutia
- School of Biochemistry Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Rosa Arrieta
- School of Biochemistry Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Celia Torres
- School of Biochemistry Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemistry Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Wilson
- School of Biochemistry Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
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3
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Zhang H, Li Y, Wei L, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Recombinant Esterase (BaCE m) Immobilized on Polyethyleneimine-Impregnated Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Exhibits Outstanding Catalytic Performance. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-05045-8. [PMID: 39222168 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-05045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A recombinant esterase, BaCEm, derived from Bacillus aryabhattai and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, was successfully immobilized on polyethyleneimine-impregnated mesoporous silica SBA-15. This immobilization utilized glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Optimal conditions were established with a PEI/SBA-15 ratio of 25% (w/w), a pH of 7.5, and a glutaraldehyde concentration of 0.5% (w/w), resulting in a loading capacity of 76.4 mg/g, a recovery activity of 43.5%, and a specific activity of 7917 U/g for BaCEm. The immobilized BaCEm demonstrated high enantioselectivity, with an "E" value of 203.92, in the resolution assay of (R,S)-ethyl indoline-2-carboxylate. Notably, the immobilized enzyme, compared to its free counterpart, exhibited enhanced thermostability, maintaining 95.4% of its activity after 3 h at 30 °C. It also showed significant tolerance to organic solvents, retaining 48.4% and 28.7% residual activity in 10% v/v acetonitrile and acetone, respectively. Moreover, its storage stability was confirmed, with 68.5% residual activity preserved after 30 days at 4 °C. Remarkably, the immobilized BaCEm retained 58.1% of its activity after 10 reuse cycles, underscoring the potential of polyethyleneimine-impregnated mesoporous silica SBA-15 as an effective support for enzyme immobilization, promising for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Alvarado-Ramírez L, Sutherland E, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldívar R, Bonaccorso AD, Czekster CM. The Immobilization of a Cyclodipeptide Synthase Enables Biocatalysis for Cyclodipeptide Production. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:13080-13089. [PMID: 39239621 PMCID: PMC11372833 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) are enzymes that use aminoacylated tRNAs as substrates to produce cyclic dipeptide natural products acting as anticancer and neuroprotective compounds. Many CDPSs, however, suffer from instability and poor recyclability, while enzyme immobilization can enhance catalyst efficiency and reuse. Here, the CDPS enzyme from Parcubacteria bacterium RAAC4_OD1_1 was immobilized using three different supports: biochar from waste materials, calcium-alginate beads, and chitosan beads. Immobilization of active PbCDPS was successful, and production of the cyclodipeptide cyclo (His-Glu) (cHE) was confirmed by HPLC-MS. Biochar from spent coffee activated with glutaraldehyde, alginate beads, and chitosan beads activated with glutaraldehyde led to a 5-fold improvement in cHE production, with the immobilized enzyme remaining active for seven consecutive cycles. Furthermore, we co-immobilized three enzymes participating in the cascade reaction yielding cHE (PbCDPS, histidyl-tRNA synthetase, and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase). The enzymatic cascade successfully produced the cyclic dipeptide, underscoring the potential of immobilizing various enzymes within a single support. Importantly, we demonstrated that tRNAs remained free in solution and were not adsorbed by the beads. We paved the way for the immobilization of enzymes that utilize tRNAs and other complex substrates, thereby expanding the range of reactions that can be exploited by using this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmajay Sutherland
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Alfredo D Bonaccorso
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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Hossain MM, Rezki M, Shalayel I, Zebda A, Tsujimura S. Effects of Cross-linker Chemistry on Bioelectrocatalytic Reactions in a Redox Cross-linked Network of Glucose Dehydrogenase and Thionine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44004-44017. [PMID: 39132979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediator bioconjugation is emerging as a building block for designing electrode platforms for the construction of biosensors and biofuel cells. Here, we report a one-pot bioconjugation technique for flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) and thionine (TH) using a series of cross-linkers, including epoxy, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and aldehydes. In this technique, FAD-GDH and thionine are conjugated through an amine cross-linking reaction to generate a redox network, which has been successfully employed for the oxidation of glucose. The bioconjugation chemistry of cross-linkers with the amino groups on FAD-GDH and thionine plays a vital role in generating distinct network structures. The epoxy-type cross-linker reacts with the primary and secondary amines of thionine at room temperature, thereby producing an FAD-GDH-TH-FAD-GDH hyperbranched bioconjugate network, the aldehyde undergoes a rapid cross-linking reaction to produce a network of FAD-GDH-FAD-GDH, while the NHS-based cross-linker can react with the primary amines of both FAD-GDH and thionine, forming an FAD-GDH-cross-linker-TH polymeric network. This reaction has the potential to enable the conjugation of a redox mediator with a FAD-GDH network, which is particularly essential when designing an enzyme electrode platform. The data demonstrated that the polymeric cross-linked network based on the NHS cross-linker exhibited a considerable increase in electron transport while producing a catalytic current of 830 μA cm-2. The cross-linker spacer arm length also affects the overall electrochemical function of the network and its performance; an adequate spacer length containing a cross-linker is required, resulting in a faster electron transfer. Finally, a leaching test confirmed that the stability of the enzyme electrode was improved when the electrode was tested using the redox probe. This study elucidates the relationship between cross-linking chemistry and redox network structure and enhances the high performance of enzyme electrode platforms for the oxidation of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motaher Hossain
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-5358, Japan
| | - Muhammad Rezki
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-5358, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Shalayel
- TIMC-IMAG/CNRS/INSERM, UMR 5525, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Abdelkader Zebda
- TIMC-IMAG/CNRS/INSERM, UMR 5525, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
- Japanese-French Laboratory for Semiconductor Physics and Technology (J-FAST), CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Seiya Tsujimura
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-5358, Japan
- Japanese-French Laboratory for Semiconductor Physics and Technology (J-FAST), CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
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Kim KW, Kim D, Kim BC, Hwang ET. Development of cross-linked glucose oxidase integrated Cu-nanoflower electrode for reusable and stable glucose sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133605. [PMID: 38971285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The demand for glucose-sensing devices has increased along with the increasing diabetic population. Here, we aimed to construct a system with a glucose oxidase (GOx)-integrated Cu-nanoflower (Cu-NF) as the underlying electrode. This novel system was successfully developed by creating a cross-linked GOx within a Cu-NF matrix, forming a c-GOx@Cu-NF-coated film on a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE). A comparison of the stabilities of the cross-linking methods demonstrated enhanced durability, with an activity level of >88 % maintained after approximately 35 days of storage in room temperature buffer. Regarding the ability of the c-GOx@Cu-NF modified CSPE to detect glucose via electrochemical methods, the redox potential gap (ΔE) and peak current increased in the presence of GOx. In comparison to that of glucose, the sensitivity of c-GOx@Cu-NF was approximately 8 times greater than that of GOx@Cu-NF, with a detection limit of 0.649 μM and a linear range of 5-500 μM. It sustained an average relative activity of 80 % over 20 days. After 10 cycles of repeated use, the activity remained above 75 %. In terms of evaluating the electrode's specificity for glucose, the detection rate for individual similar substances was approximately 1 %. The introduction of a crosslinking strategy to Cu-NF, leading to enhanced mechanical stability and conductivity, improved the detection capability. Furthermore, this approach led to increased long-term storage stability and reusability, allowing for specific glucose detection. To our knowledge, this report represents the first demonstration of a c-GOx@Cu-NF system for integrating electrochemical biosensing devices into digital healthcare pathways, offering enhanced sensing accuracy and mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Woo Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chan Kim
- Center for Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lima PJM, Rios NS, Vilarrasa-García E, Cecilia JA, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Gonçalves LRB. Preparation of a heterogeneous biocatalyst through Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase immobilization on pore-expanded SBA-15. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133359. [PMID: 38914393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous biocatalysts were prepared by adsorbing T. lanuginosus lipase (TLL) onto uncalcined (SBAUC-TLL) and calcined (SBAC-TLL) SBA-15, using ammonium fluoride as a pore expander to facilitate TLL immobilization. At an enzyme load of 1 mg/g, high immobilization yields (>90 %) and recovered activities (>80 % for SBAUC-TLL and 70 % for SBAC-TLL) were achieved. When increasing the enzyme load to 5 mg/g, the immobilization yield of SBAUC-TLL was 80 %, and the recovered activity was 50 %, while SBAC-TLL had a yield of 100 % and a recovered activity of 36 %. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) was conducted to improve stability (SBAUC-TLL-GA and SBAC-TLL-GA). Although SBAC-TLL-GA lost 25 % of initial activity after GA modifications, it exhibited the highest thermal (t1/2 = 5.7 h at 65 °C), when compared to SBAC-TLL (t1/2 = 12 min) and the soluble enzyme (t1/2 = 36 min), and operational stability (retained 100 % activity after 5 cycles). Both biocatalysts presented high storage stability since they retained 100 % of initial activity for 30 days. These results highlight SBA-15's potential as an enzyme support and the protocol's efficacy in enhancing stability, with implications for industrial applications in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jéssyca Morais Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Enrique Vilarrasa-García
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio Cecilia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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IŞIK C. An Alternative Approach to Plastic Recycling: Fabrication and Characterization of rPET/CA Nanofiber Carriers to Enhance Porcine Pancreatic Lipase Stability Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31313-31327. [PMID: 39072091 PMCID: PMC11270705 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In response to the increasing demand for sustainable technologies, this study presents a novel approach to plastic recycling. In this study, a method was presented to produce nanofiber carriers by electrospinning using recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) obtained from wastewater bottles and cellulose acetate (CA). These carriers serve as a platform for immobilized porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), aiming to enhance its stability. The production parameters for the rPET/CA nanofibers were found to be an rPET concentration of 15% (v/v), a CA concentration of 6% (v/v), an electrical voltage of 13 kV, a needle-collector distance of 18 cm, and an injection speed of 0.1 mL/h. The nanofiber structure and morphology were assessed by using attenuated total reflectance-infrared Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Then, PPL was immobilized onto the nanofibers through adsorption and cross-linking methods. The optimum temperature for free PPL was determined to be 30 °C, and the optimum temperature for PPL immobilized on rPET/CA was determined to be 40 °C. It was observed that, especially under acidic conditions, after the immobilization process, PPL immobilized rPET/CA nanofibers became more resistant to pH changes than free PLL. Furthermore, the immobilized PPL exhibited improved pH stability, reusability, and thermal stability compared to its free counterpart. This innovative approach not only contributes to plastic waste reduction but also opens new avenues for enzyme immobilization with potential applications in biocatalysis and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun IŞIK
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry
Department, Muğla Sıtkı
Koçman University, Muğla 48000, Türkiye
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9
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Iitani K, Suzuki M, Ichikawa K, Toma K, Arakawa T, Mitsubayashi K. Image Sensing of Gaseous Acetone Using Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Immobilized Mesh for Exhaled Air. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11549-11556. [PMID: 38958207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Human-borne acetone is a potent marker of lipid metabolism. Here, an enzyme immobilization method for secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH), which is suitable for highly sensitive and selective biosensing of acetone, was developed, and then its applicability was demonstrated for spatiotemporal imaging of concentration distribution. After various investigations, S-ADH-immobilized meshes could be prepared with less than 5% variation by cross-linking S-ADH with glutaraldehyde on a cotton mesh at 40 °C for 15 min. Furthermore, high activity was obtained by adjusting the concentration of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) solution added to the S-ADH-immobilized mesh to 500 μM and the solvent to a potassium phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.5. The gas imaging system using the S-ADH-immobilized mesh was able to image the decrease in NADH fluorescence (ex 340 nm, fl 490 nm) caused by the catalytic reaction of S-ADH and the acetone distribution in the concentration range of 0.1-10 ppm-v, including the breath concentration of healthy people at rest. The exhaled breath of two healthy subjects at 6 h of fasting was quantified as 377 and 673 ppb-v, which were consistent with the values quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Mika Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichikawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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10
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Frey C, Arad M, Ku K, Hare R, Balagtas R, Shi Y, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Ghafourifar G. Development of automated proteomic workflows utilizing silicon-based coupling agents. J Proteomics 2024; 303:105215. [PMID: 38843981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Automated methods for enzyme immobilization via 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) derived silicone-based coupling agents were developed. TESB and its oxidized derivative, 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (TESBA), were determined to be the most effective. The resulting immobilized enzyme particles (IEPs) displayed robustness, rapid digestion, and immobilization efficiency of 51 ± 8%. Furthermore, we automated the IEP procedure, allowing for multiple enzymes, and/or coupling agents to be fabricated at once, in a fraction of the time via an Agilent Bravo. The automated trypsin TESB and TESBA IEPs were shown to rival a classical in-gel digestion method. Moreover, pepsin IEPs favored cleavage at leucine (>50%) over aromatic and methionine residues. The IEP method was then adapted for an in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication. We determined that TESBA could functionalize the silica capillary's inner wall while simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler. The IMER digestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA), mirroring IEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as little as 15 min. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of both IEP and IMER methods, paving the way for automated analysis and a reduction in enzyme waste through reuse, thereby contributing to a more cost-effective and timely study of the proteome. SIGNIFICANCE: This research introduces 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) and its derivatives as silicon-based enzyme coupling agents and an automated liquid handling method for bottom-up proteomics (BUP) while streamlining sample preparation for high-throughput processing. Additionally, immobilized enzyme particle (IEP) fabrication and digestion within the 96-well plate allows for flexibility in protocol where different enzyme-coupler combinations can be employed simultaneously. By enabling the digestion of entire microplates and reducing manual labor, the proposed method enhances reproducibility and offers a more efficient alternative to classical in-gel techniques. Furthermore, pepsin IEPs were noted to favor cleavage at leucine residues which represents an interesting finding when compared to the literature that warrants further study. The capability of immobilized enzyme microreactors (IMER) for rapid digestion (in as little as 15 min) demonstrated the system's efficiency and potential for rapid proteomic analysis. This advancement in BUP not only improves efficiency, but also opens avenues for a fully automated, mass spectrometry-integrated proteomics workflow, promising to expedite research and discoveries in complex biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Maor Arad
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Ku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Rhien Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ronald Balagtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada.
| | - Yuming Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Golfam Ghafourifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada.
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11
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Mahato K, Moon JM, Moonla C, Longardner K, Ghodsi H, Litvan I, Wang J. Biosensor Strip for Rapid On-site Assessment of Levodopa Pharmacokinetics along with Motor Performance in Parkinson's Disease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403583. [PMID: 38682251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
While levodopa (L-Dopa) is the primary treatment for alleviating Parkinson's disease (PD), its efficacy is hindered by challenges such as a short half-life and inconsistent plasma levels. As PD progresses, the rising need for increased and more frequent L-Dopa doses coupled with symptom fluctuations and dyskinesias underscores the urgency for improved comprehension of the interplay between L-Dopa levels and PD motor symptoms. Addressing this critical need, we present a decentralized testing method using a disposable biosensor strip and a universal slope (U-slope) calibration-free approach. This enables reliable, rapid, simple, and cost-effective decentralized L-Dopa measurements from capillary blood. A pilot study with PD persons demonstrates the ability to monitor real-time L-Dopa pharmacokinetics from fingerstick blood after oral L-Dopa-Carbidopa (C-Dopa) tablet administration. Correlating capillary blood L-Dopa levels with PD motor scores revealed a well-defined inverse correlation with temporal motor fluctuations. We compared the resulting dynamic capillary blood L-Dopa levels with plasma L-Dopa levels using the traditional but clinically impractical high-performance liquid chromatography technique. By providing timely feedback on a proper L-Dopa dosing regimen in a decentralized and rapid fashion, this new biosensing platform will facilitate tailored optimal L-Dopa dosing, towards improving symptom management and enhancing health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chochanon Moonla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katherine Longardner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghodsi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Tavano O, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, Santiz-Gómez JA, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of bromelain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133089. [PMID: 38878936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This review shows the endeavors performed to prepare immobilized formulations of bromelain extract, usually from pineapple, and their use in diverse applications. This extract has a potent proteolytic component that is based on thiol proteases, which differ depending on the location on the fruit. Stem and fruit are the areas where higher activity is found. The edible origin of this enzyme is one of the features that determines the applications of the immobilized bromelain to a more significant degree. The enzyme has been immobilized on a wide diversity of supports via different strategies (covalent bonds, ion exchange), and also forming ex novo solids (nanoflowers, CLEAs, trapping in alginate beads, etc.). The use of preexisting nanoparticles as immobilization supports is relevant, as this facilitates one of the main applications of the immobilized enzyme, in therapeutic applications (as wound dressing and healing components, antibacterial or anticancer, mucus mobility control, etc.). A curiosity is the immobilization of this enzyme on spores of probiotic microorganisms via adsorption, in order to have a perfect in vivo compatibility. Other outstanding applications of the immobilized enzyme are in the stabilization of wine versus haze during storage, mainly when immobilized on chitosan. Curiously, the immobilized bromelain has been scarcely applied in the production of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - José Alfredo Santiz-Gómez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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13
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Wang Q, Xiong J, Xu H, Sun W, Pan X, Cui S, Lv S, Zhang Y. Enhanced Enzymatic Performance of Immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens Lipase on ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and Its Application to the Synthesis of Neryl Acetate with Transesterification Reaction. Molecules 2024; 29:2922. [PMID: 38930986 PMCID: PMC11207022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, hybrid skeleton material ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was synthesized by the epitaxial growth method and then was utilized as a carrier for encapsulating Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL) through the co-precipitation method, resulting in the preparation of immobilized lipase (PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67). Subsequently, it was further treated with glutaraldehyde to improve protein immobilization yield. Under optimal immobilization conditions, the specific hydrolytic activity of PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was 20.4 times higher than that of the free PFL. The prepared biocatalyst was characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Additionally, the thermal stability of PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 at 50 °C was significantly improved compared to the free PFL. After 7 weeks at room temperature, PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 retained 78% of the transesterification activity, while the free enzyme was only 29%. Finally, PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was applied to the neryl acetate preparation in a solvent-free system, and the yield of neryl acetate reached 99% after 3 h of reaction. After 10 repetitions, the yields of neryl acetate catalyzed by PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and the free PFL were 80% and 43%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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14
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Wahba MI. Grafted calcium pectinate-whey protein isolate covalent immobilizers: Optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and application. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:35-48. [PMID: 38641136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Whey protein isolate (WPI) was incorporated within calcium pectinate (CPT) beads in order to boost their anionic qualities and meliorate their glutaraldehyde (GA)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) grafting process. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) verified that WPI inclusion significantly raised the GA-PEI-CPT-WPI beads immobilized β-D-galactosidase (iβ-GLD) activity. The BBD also revealed the optimal settings for WPI concentration, PEI pH, PEI concentration, and GA concentration, which were 2.91 %, 10.8, 3.5 %, and 2.24 %, respectively. The GA-PEI-CPT-WPI beads grafting process was scrutinized via FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The optimal GA-PEI-CPT-WPI immobilizers provided fine β-GLD immobilization efficiencies, which reached up to 65.28 %. The free and GA-PEI-CPT-WPI iβ-GLDs pH and temperature profiles were scrutinized. It was also unveiled that the thermal stability of the iβ-GLD surpassed that of its free compeer as it provided lesser kd and ΔS values and larger t1/2, D-values, Ed, ΔH, and ΔG values. Furthermore, the iβ-GLD provided 92.00±3.39 % activity after 42 storage days, which denoted its fine storage stability. The iβ-GLD short duration (15 min) operational stability was also inspected, and 82.70±0.78 % activity was provided during the fifteenth degradation run. Moreover, the iβ-GLD long duration (24 h) operational stability was inspected while degrading the lactose of buffered lactose solution (BLS) and cheese whey (CW). It was unveiled that 81.86±0.96 % and 73.58±2.24 % of the initial glucose were detected during the sixth degradation runs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Wahba
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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15
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Wang T, Qi Y, Miyako E, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C. Photocrosslinked Co-Assembled Amino Acid Nanoparticles for Controlled Chemo/Photothermal Combined Anticancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307337. [PMID: 38152926 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures formed from the self-assembly of amino acids are promising materials in many fields, especially for biomedical applications. However, their low stability resulting from the weak noncovalent interactions between the amino acid building blocks limits their use. In this work, nanoparticles co-assembled by fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected tyrosine (Fmoc-Tyr-OH) and tryptophan (Fmoc-Trp-OH) are crosslinked by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Two methods are investigated to induce the dimerization of tyrosine, irradiating at 254 nm or at 365 nm in the presence of riboflavin as a photo-initiator. For the crosslinking performed at 254 nm, both Fmoc-Tyr-OH and Fmoc-Trp-OH generate dimers. In contrast, only Fmoc-Tyr-OH participates in the riboflavin-mediated dimerization under irradiation at 365 nm. The participation of both amino acids in forming the dimers leads to more stable crosslinked nanoparticles, allowing also to perform further chemical modifications for cancer applications. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is adsorbed onto the crosslinked nanoparticles, subsequently coated by a tannic acid-iron complex, endowing the nanoparticles with glutathione-responsiveness and photothermal properties, allowing to control the release of Dox. A remarkable anticancer efficiency is obtained in vitro and in vivo in tumor-bearing mice thanks to the combined chemo- and photothermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Yun Qi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Eijiro Miyako
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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16
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Gao J, Zhang L, Zhao D, Lu X, Sun Q, Du H, Yang H, Lu K. Aspergillus oryzae β-D-galactosidase immobilization on glutaraldehyde pre-activated amino-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica: Performance, characteristics, and application in the preparation of sesaminol. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132101. [PMID: 38734354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae β-D-galactosidase (β-Gal) efficiently hydrolyzes sesaminol triglucoside into sesaminol, which has higher biological activity. However, β-Gal is difficult to be separate from the reaction mixture and limited by stability. To resolve these problems, β-Gal was immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles mesoporous silica pre-activated with glutaraldehyde (Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal), which was used for the first time to prepare sesaminol. Under the optimal conditions, the immobilization yield and recovered activity of β-Gal were 57.9 ± 0.3 % and 46.5 ± 0.9 %, and the enzymatic loading was 843 ± 21 Uenzyme/gsupport. The construction of Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal was confirmed by various characterization methods, and the results indicated it was suitable for heterogeneous enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal was readily separable under magnetic action and displayed improved activity in extreme pH and temperature conditions. After 45 days of storage at 4 °C, the activity of Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal remained at 92.3 ± 2.8 %, which was 1.29 times than that of free enzyme, and its activity remained above 85 % after 10 cycles. Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal displayed higher affinity and catalytic efficiency. The half-life was 1.41 longer than free enzymes at 55.0 °C. Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal was employed as a catalyst to prepare sesaminol, achieving a 96.7 % conversion yield of sesaminol. The excellent stability and catalytic efficiency provide broad benefits and potential for biocatalytic industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China; Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Kui Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China.
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17
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Piccoli MB, Gulotta FA, Montenegro MA, Vanden Braber NL, Paz Zanini VI, Ferreyra NF. Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase onto Montmorillonite/Glucosamine-Chitosan Composite for Electrochemical Biosensing of Polyphenols. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:278. [PMID: 38920582 PMCID: PMC11201438 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Glucosamine-chitosan synthesized by the Maillard reaction was combined with montmorillonite to obtain a nanohybrid composite to immobilize horseradish peroxidase. The material combines the advantageous properties of clay with those of the chitosan derivative; has improved water solubility and reduced molecular weight and viscosity; involves an eco-friendly synthesis; and exhibits ion exchange capacity, good adhesiveness, and a large specific surface area for enzyme adsorption. The physicochemical characteristics of the composite were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to determine clay-polycation interactions. The electrochemical response of the different polyphenols to glassy carbon electrodes modified with the composite was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The sensitivity and detection limit values obtained with the biosensor toward hydroquinone, chlorogenic acid, catechol, and resorcinol are (1.6 ± 0.2) × 102 µA mM-1 and (74 ± 8) nM; (1.2 ± 0.1) × 102 µA mM-1 and (26 ± 3) nM; (16 ± 2) µA mM-1 and (0.74 ± 0.09) μM; and (3.7± 0.3) µA mM-1 and (3.3 ± 0.2) μM, respectively. The biosensor was applied to quantify polyphenols in pennyroyal and lemon verbena extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Piccoli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC-UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina;
| | | | - Mariana Angélica Montenegro
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María X5220XAO, Argentina; (M.A.M.); (N.L.V.B.)
| | - Noelia Luciana Vanden Braber
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María X5220XAO, Argentina; (M.A.M.); (N.L.V.B.)
| | - Verónica Irene Paz Zanini
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Nancy Fabiana Ferreyra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC-UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina;
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18
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Anwar Y, Jaha HF, Ul-Islam M, Kamal T, Khan SB, Ullah I, Al-Maaqar SM, Ahmed S. Development of silver-doped copper oxide and chitosan nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial activities. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:137-148. [PMID: 38820053 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a significant and pressing public health concern, posing serious challenges to effectively preventing and treating persistent diseases. Despite various efforts made in recent years to address this problem, the global trends of AMR continue to escalate without any indication of decline. As AMR is well-known for antibiotics, developing new materials such as metal containing compounds with different mechanisms of action is crucial to effectively address this challenge. Copper, silver, and chitosan in various forms have demonstrated significant biological activities and hold promise for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Exploring the biological properties of these nanoparticles is essential for innovative therapeutic approaches in treating bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, and other diseases. To this end, the present study aimed to synthesize silver@copper oxide (Ag@CuO) nanoparticles and its chitosan nanocomposite (Chi-Ag@CuO) to investigate their antimicrobial efficacy. Various established spectroscopic and microscopic methods were employed for characterization purposes, encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was assessed through MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), and well-disk diffusion assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. The size of the CuO-NPs, Ag@CuO, and Chi-Ag@CuO NPs was found to be 70-120 nm with a spherical shape and an almost uniform distribution. The nanocomposites were found to possess a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 250 μg/mL. Moreover, these nanocomposites generated varying clear inhibition zones, with diameters ranging from a minimum of 9 ± 0.5 mm to a maximum of 25 ± 0.5 mm. Consequently, it is evident that the amalgamation of copper-silver-chitosan nanoparticles has exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial properties in the controlled laboratory environment, surpassing the performance of other types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Faiz Jaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhofar University, Şalālah 211, Oman
| | - Tahseen Kamal
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M Al-Maaqar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Albaydha University, Al-Baydha, Yemen
| | - Sameer Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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19
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de Andrades D, Abellanas P, Carballares D, Alcantara AR, Polizeli MDLTDM, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Adsorption features of reduced aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde: Understanding the heterofunctional features of these supports. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130403. [PMID: 38417754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes on aminated supports using the glutaraldehyde chemistry may involve three different interactions, cationic, hydrophobic, and covalent interactions. To try to understand the impact this heterofunctionality, we study the physical adsorption of the beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger, on aminated supports (MANAE) and aminated supports with one (MANAE-GLU) or two molecules of glutaraldehyde (MANAE-GLU-GLU). To eliminate the chemical reactivity of the glutaraldehyde, the supports were reduced using sodium borohydride. After enzyme adsorption, the release of the enzyme from the supports using different NaCl concentrations, Triton X100, ionic detergents (SDS and CTAB), or different temperatures (4 °C to 55 °C) was studied. Using MANAE support, at 0.3 M NaCl almost all the immobilized enzyme was released. Using MANAE-GLU, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M NaCl similar results were obtained. However, incubation at 1 M or 2 M NaCl, many enzyme molecules were not released from the support. For the MANAE-GLU-GLU support, none of the tested concentrations of NaCl was sufficient to release all enzyme bound to the support. Only using high temperatures, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1 % CTAB or SDS, could the totality of the proteins be released from the support. The results shown in this paper confirm the heterofunctional character of aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Abellanas
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Andres R Alcantara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain.
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20
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Luley-Goedl C, Bruni M, Nidetzky B. Carrier-based immobilization of Aerococcus viridansl-lactate oxidase. J Biotechnol 2024; 382:88-96. [PMID: 38280467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
l-Lactate oxidase has important applications in biosensing and finds increased use in biocatalysis. The enzyme has been characterized well, yet its immobilization has not been explored in depth. Here, we studied immobilization of Aerococcus viridansl-lactate oxidase on porous carriers of variable matrix material (polymethacrylate, polyurethane, agarose) and surface functional group (amine, Ni2+-loaded nitrilotriacetic acid (NiNTA), epoxide). Carrier activity (Ac) and immobilized enzyme effectiveness (ɳ) were evaluated in dependence of protein loading. Results show that efficient immobilization (Ac: up to 1450 U/g carrier; ɳ: up to 65%) requires a hydrophilic carrier (agarose) equipped with amine groups. The value of ɳ declines sharply as Ac increases, probably due to transition into diffusional regime. Untagged l-lactate oxidase binds to NiNTA carrier similarly as N-terminally His-tagged enzyme. Lixiviation studies reveal quasi-irreversible enzyme adsorption on NiNTA carrier while partial release of activity (≤ 25%) is shown from amine carrier. The desorbed enzyme exhibits the same specific activity as the original l-lactate oxidase. Collectively, our study identifies basic requirements of l-lactate oxidase immobilization on solid carrier and highlights the role of ionic interactions in enzyme-surface adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Bruni
- acib - Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- acib - Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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21
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Vasios AG, Skonta A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Biocatalytic Performance of β-Glucosidase Immobilized on 3D-Printed Single- and Multi-Channel Polylactic Acid Microreactors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:288. [PMID: 38399016 PMCID: PMC10893134 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have attracted much attention in the current day owing to the unique advantages they provide. However, their application for industrial use is limited due to manufacturing limitations and high cost. Moreover, the scaling-up process of the microreactor has proven to be difficult. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising solution for the above obstacles due to its ability to fabricate complex structures quickly and at a relatively low cost. Hence, combining the advantages of the microscale with 3D printing technology could enhance the applicability of microfluidic devices in the industrial sector. In the present work, a 3D-printed single-channel immobilized enzyme microreactor with a volume capacity of 30 μL was designed and created in one step via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technique, using polylactic acid (PLA) as the printing material. The microreactor underwent surface modification with chitosan, and β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima was covalently immobilized. The immobilized biocatalyst retained almost 100% of its initial activity after incubation at different temperatures, while it could be effectively reused for up to 10 successful reaction cycles. Moreover, a multi-channel parallel microreactor incorporating 36 channels was developed, resulting in a significant increase in enzymatic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.-G.V.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
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22
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Guo JJ, Wang YT, Fang Z. Covalent immobilization of lipase on magnetic biochar for one-pot production of biodiesel from high acid value oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130237. [PMID: 38142913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic biochar was synthesized via chelation of Fe3+ with carboxymethyl cellulose and pyrolysis for covalently immobilizing Eversa® Transform lipase. The magnetic biochar had 75.8 mg/g lipase loading that was 54.1 % higher than that without magnetism. The immobilized lipase achieved 91.3 mg/g lipase loading with 19.2 U/mg lipase activity after optimization. It showed good thermal and acid stability with 82.5 % and 98.2 % relative activity at 45 °C and pH 4, respectively. Its relative activity was 90.8 % after stored for 30 d at 4 °C. After magnetically separated for 10 cycles, it still kept 70.1 % activity due to the strong covalent bonding. The lipase further catalyzed one-pot esterification and transesterification of high acid value oil (38 mg KOH/g) with 95.7 % biodiesel yield and cycled for 10 times at 85.7 % yield. Kinetic study gave the activation energy of 28.7 kJ/mol. The covalently immobilized lipase could find practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Guo
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Yi-Tong Wang
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Street, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China.
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23
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Bolina ICA, Mendes AA. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the thermal inactivation of lipase immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated rice husk silica. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:85-95. [PMID: 38064041 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain sufficient information on the thermal stabilization of a food-grade lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) using the immobilization technique. To do this, a new non-porous support was prepared via the sequential extraction of SiO2 from rice husks, followed by functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane - 3-APTES (Amino-SiO2), and activation with glutaraldehyde - GA (GA-Amino-SiO2). We evaluated the influence of GA concentration, which varied from 0.25% v v-1 to 4% v v-1, on the immobilization parameters and enzyme thermal stabilization. The thermal inactivation parameters for both biocatalyst forms (soluble or immobilized TLL) were calculated by fitting a non-first-order enzyme inactivation kinetic model to the experimental data. According to the results, TLL was fully immobilized on the external support surface activated with different GA concentrations using an initial protein load of 5 mg g-1. A sharp decrease of hydrolytic activity was observed from 216.6 ± 12.4 U g-1 to 28.6 ± 0.9 U g-1 of after increasing the GA concentration from 0.25% v v-1 to 4.0% v v-1. The support that was prepared using a GA concentration at 0.5% v v-1 provided the highest stabilization of TLL - 31.6-times more stable than its soluble form at 60 °C. The estimations of the thermodynamic parameters, e.g., inactivation energy (Ed), enthalpy (ΔH#), entropy (ΔS#), and the Gibbs energy (ΔG#) values, confirmed the enzyme stabilization on the external support surface at temperatures ranging from 50 to 65 °C. These results show promising applications for this new heterogeneous biocatalyst in industrial processes given the high catalytic activity and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara C A Bolina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano A Mendes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.
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24
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Ran Y, Yin S, Xie P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yin Z. ICAM-1 targeted and ROS-responsive nanoparticles for the treatment of acute lung injury. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1983-1998. [PMID: 38189459 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disease caused by multiple factors such as infection, trauma, and chemicals. Without effective intervention during the early stages, it usually quickly progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Since ordinary pharmaceutical preparations cannot precisely target the lungs, their clinical application is limited. In response, we constructed a γ3 peptide-decorated and ROS-responsive nanoparticle system encapsulating therapeutic dexamethasone (Dex/PSB-γ3 NPs). In vitro, Dex/PSB-γ3 NPs had rapid H2O2 responsiveness, low cytotoxicity, and strong intracellular ROS removal capacity. In a mouse model of ALI, Dex/PSB-γ3 NPs accumulated at the injured lung rapidly, alleviating pulmonary edema and cytokine levels significantly. The modification of NPs by γ3 peptide achieved highly specific positioning of NPs in the inflammatory area. The ROS-responsive release mechanism ensured the rapid release of therapeutic dexamethasone at the inflammatory site. This combined approach improves treatment accuracy, and drug bioavailability, and effectively inhibits inflammation progression. Our study could effectively reduce the risk of ALI progressing to ARDS and hold potential for the early treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shanmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712038, China
| | - Yaxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zongning Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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25
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Bouguerra OM, Wahab RA, Huyop F, Al-Fakih AM, Mahmood WMAW, Mahat NA, Sabullah MK. An Overview of Crosslinked Enzyme Aggregates: Concept of Development and Trends of Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04809-y. [PMID: 38180645 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes are commonly used as biocatalysts for various biological and chemical processes in industrial applications. However, their limited operational stability, catalytic efficiency, poor reusability, and high-cost hamper further industrial usage. Thus, crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are developed as a better enzyme immobilization tool to extend the enzymes' operational stability. This immobilization method is appealing because it is simpler due to the absence of ballast and permits the collective use of crude enzyme cocktails. CLEAs, so far, have been successfully developed using a variety of enzymes, viz., hydrolases, proteases, amidases, lipases, esterases, and oxidoreductase. Recent years have seen the emergence of novel strategies for preparing better CLEAs, which include the combi- and multi-CLEAs, magnetics CLEAs, and porous CLEAs for various industrial applications, viz., laundry detergents, organic synthesis, food industries, pharmaceutical applications, oils, and biodiesel production. To better understand the different strategies for CLEAs' development, this review explores these strategies and highlights the relevant concerns in designing innovative CLEAs. This article also details the challenges faced during CLEAs preparation and solutions for overcoming them. Finally, the trending strategies to improve the preparation of CLEAs alongside their industrial application trends are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Maroua Bouguerra
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdo Mohammed Al-Fakih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhd Asyraf Wan Mahmood
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Dengkil Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, 43800, Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khalizan Sabullah
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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26
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Okman Koçoğlu İ, Erden PE, Kılıç E. Disposable biosensor based on ionic liquid, carbon nanofiber and poly(glutamic acid) for tyramine determination. Anal Biochem 2024; 684:115387. [PMID: 37951456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical biosensor based on carbon nanofibers (CNF), ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL), poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) and tyrosinase (Tyr) modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPE) was constructed for tyramine determination. Optimum experimental parameters such as CNF and IL amount, polymerization conditions of glutamic acid, enzyme loading, pH of test solution and operating potential were explored. The construction steps of the Tyr/PGA/CNF-IL/SPE were pursued by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The Tyr/PGA/CNF-IL/SPE biosensor exhibited linear response to tyramine in the range of 2.0 × 10-7 - 4.8 × 10-5 M with a low detection limit of 9.1 × 10-8 M and sensitivity of 302.6 μA mM-1. The other advantages of Tyr/PGA/CNF-IL/SPE include its high reproducibility, good stability and anti-interference ability. The presented biosensor was also applied for tyramine determination in malt drink and pickle juice samples and mean analytical recoveries of spiked tyramine were calculated as 100.6% and 100.4% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Okman Koçoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karabük University, 78050, Karabük, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Esra Erden
- Department of Chemistry, Polatlı Faculty of Science and Arts, Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Kılıç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Kalyana Sundaram SD, Hossain MM, Rezki M, Ariga K, Tsujimura S. Enzyme Cascade Electrode Reactions with Nanomaterials and Their Applicability towards Biosensor and Biofuel Cells. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1018. [PMID: 38131778 PMCID: PMC10741839 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, metal-organic frameworks, metal nanoparticles, and porous carbon, play a crucial role as efficient carriers to enhance enzyme activity through substrate channeling while improving enzyme stability and reusability. However, there are significant debates surrounding aspects such as enzyme orientation, enzyme loading, retention of enzyme activity, and immobilization techniques. Consequently, these subjects have become the focus of intensive research in the realm of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. Researchers have undertaken the challenge of creating functional in vitro multi-enzyme systems, drawing inspiration from natural multi-enzyme processes within living organisms. Substantial progress has been achieved in designing multi-step reactions that harness the synthetic capabilities of various enzymes, particularly in applications such as biomarker detection (e.g., biosensors) and the development of biofuel cells. This review provides an overview of recent developments in concurrent and sequential approaches involving two or more enzymes in sequence. It delves into the intricacies of multi-enzyme cascade reactions conducted on nanostructured electrodes, addressing both the challenges encountered and the innovative solutions devised in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seiya Tsujimura
- Division of Material Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-5358, Japan; (S.d.K.S.); (M.M.H.); (M.R.); (K.A.)
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28
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Gupta R, Wang Y, Darwish GH, Poisson J, Szwarczewski A, Kim S, Traaseth C, Hudson ZM, Algar WR. Semiconducting Polymer Dots Directly Stabilized with Serum Albumin: Preparation, Characterization, and Cellular Immunolabeling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55456-55465. [PMID: 37983537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) are brightly fluorescent nanoparticles of growing interest for bioanalysis and imaging. A recurring challenge with these materials is obtaining robust physical and colloidal stability and low nonspecific binding. Here, we prepared and characterized Pdots with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the stabilizing agent (BSA-Pdots) instead of a more conventionally used amphiphilic polymer, both without and with cross-linking of the protein using glutaraldehyde (BSA(GA)-Pdots) or disuccinimidyl glutarate. Characterization included fluorescence properties; colloidal stability as a function of pH, ionic strength, and solvent perturbation; shape retention and hardness; and nonspecific binding with common assay substrates, fixed cells, and live cells. These properties were contrasted with the same properties for amphiphilic polymer-stabilized Pdots and silica-coated Pdots. On balance, the BSA-stabilized Pdots were similar or more favorable in their properties, with BSA(GA)-Pdots being especially advantageous. Bioconjugation of the BSA-stabilized Pdots was possible using amine-reactive active-ester chemistry, including biotinylation and bioorthogonal functionalization for immunoconjugation via tetrazine-strained-alkene click chemistry. These approaches were used for selective fluorescent labeling of cells based on ligand-receptor and antibody-antigen binding, respectively. Overall, direct BSA stabilization is a very promising strategy for preparing Pdots with improved physical and colloidal stability, reduced nonspecific interactions, and utility for in vitro diagnostics and other bioanalyses and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Agnes Szwarczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Subin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christine Traaseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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29
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Kaymaz SV, Nobar HM, Sarıgül H, Soylukan C, Akyüz L, Yüce M. Nanomaterial surface modification toolkit: Principles, components, recipes, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 322:103035. [PMID: 37931382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-functionalized nanostructures are at the forefront of biotechnology, providing new opportunities for biosensors, drug delivery, therapy, and bioimaging applications. The modification of nanostructures significantly impacts the performance and success of various applications by enabling selective and precise targeting. This review elucidates widely practiced surface modification strategies, including click chemistry, cross-coupling, silanization, aldehyde linkers, active ester chemistry, maleimide chemistry, epoxy linkers, and other protein and DNA-based methodologies. We also delve into the application-focused landscape of the nano-bio interface, emphasizing four key domains: therapeutics, biosensing, environmental monitoring, and point-of-care technologies, by highlighting prominent studies. The insights presented herein pave the way for further innovations at the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology, providing a useful handbook for beginners and professionals. The review draws on various sources, including the latest research articles (2018-2023), to provide a comprehensive overview of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyra Vural Kaymaz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Sarıgül
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Caner Soylukan
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Lalehan Akyüz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüce
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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30
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Mandal N, Mitra R, Pramanick B. C-MEMS-derived glassy carbon electrochemical biosensors for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:137. [PMID: 37937185 PMCID: PMC10625972 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, the world has experienced more than 766 million cases of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection and more than 6.9 million deaths due to COVID through May 2023. The WHO declared a pandemic due to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, and the fight against this pandemic is not over yet. Important reasons for virus spread include the lack of detection kits, appropriate detection techniques, delay in detection, asymptomatic cases and failure in mass screening. In the last 3 years, several researchers and medical companies have introduced successful test kits to detect the infection of symptomatic patients in real time, which was necessary to monitor the spread. However, it is also important to have information on asymptomatic cases, which can be obtained by antibody testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this work, we developed a simple, advantageous immobilization procedure for rapidly detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Carbon-MEMS-derived glassy carbon (GC) is used as the sensor electrode, and the detection is based on covalently linking the SARS-CoV-2 antibody to the GC surface. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker between the antibody and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The binding was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to measure the change in total impedance before and after incubation of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody with various concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The developed sensor can sense 1 fg/ml to 1 µg/ml SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This detection is label-free, and the chances of false positives are minimal. The calculated LOD was ~31 copies of viral RNA/mL. The coefficient of variation (CV) number is calculated from EIS data at 100 Hz, which is found to be 0.398%. The developed sensor may be used for mass screening because it is cost-effective. A schematic representation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sensing using surface functionalized glassy carbon electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Mandal
- School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
| | - Raja Mitra
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
| | - Bidhan Pramanick
- School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
- Centre of Excellence in Particulates Colloids and Interfaces, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
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31
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Monteiro RRC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Rocha-Martin J, Vieira RS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108215. [PMID: 37473819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worries by the inadequate use of energy and the preservation of nature are promoting an increasing interest in the production of biolubricants. After discussing the necessity of producing biolubricants, this review focuses on the production of these interesting molecules through the use of lipases, discussing the different possibilities (esterification of free fatty acids, hydroesterification or transesterification of oils and fats, transesterification of biodiesel with more adequate alcohols, estolides production, modification of fatty acids). The utilization of discarded substrates has special interest due to the double positive ecological impact (e.g., oil distillated, overused oils). Pros and cons of all these possibilities, together with general considerations to optimize the different processes will be outlined. Some possibilities to overcome some of the problems detected in the production of these interesting compounds will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo S Vieira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
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da Silva PM, Esparza-Flores EE, Virgili AH, de Menezes EW, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Dal Magro L, Rodrigues RC. Effect of Support Matrix and Crosslinking Agents on Nutritional Properties of Orange Juice during Enzyme Clarification: A Comparative Study. Foods 2023; 12:3919. [PMID: 37959038 PMCID: PMC10647825 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a support matrix and active group on the support to the nutritional properties of orange juice after juice clarification. Pectinase was immobilized on chitosan and aminated silica supports, activated with genipin or glutaraldehyde, and applied for juice clarification. The effects on various juice properties, including reducing sugars, total soluble solids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds, juice color, and pH, were evaluated. The results revealed that the immobilization on chitosan activated using genipin resulted in the highest biocatalyst activity (1211.21 U·g-1). The juice treatments using the biocatalysts led to turbidity reduction in the juice (up to 90%), with the highest reductions observed in treatments involving immobilized enzyme on chitosan. Importantly, the enzymatic treatments preserved the natural sugar content, total soluble solids, and pH of the juice. Color differences between treated and raw juice samples were especially relevant for those treated using enzymes, with significant differences in L* and b*, showing loss of yellow vivid color. Analysis of phenolic compounds and vitamin C showed no significant alterations after the enzymatic treatment of the raw juice. According to our results, the clarification of orange juice using immobilized enzymes can be a compromise in turbidity reduction and color reduction to maintain juice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela M. da Silva
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (P.M.d.S.); (E.E.E.-F.)
| | - Eli Emanuel Esparza-Flores
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (P.M.d.S.); (E.E.E.-F.)
| | - Anike H. Virgili
- LSS—Laboratory of Solids and Surfaces, Instituto de Química, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (A.H.V.); (E.W.d.M.)
| | - Eliana W. de Menezes
- LSS—Laboratory of Solids and Surfaces, Instituto de Química, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (A.H.V.); (E.W.d.M.)
| | | | - Lucas Dal Magro
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense—IFSul, Pelotas 96015-360, RS, Brazil;
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (P.M.d.S.); (E.E.E.-F.)
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Huang L, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhang W, Luo Q, Chen S, Wang S, Weng F, Xiao L. Supramolecular Responsive Chitosan Microcarriers for Cell Detachment Triggered by Adamantane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4024. [PMID: 37836073 PMCID: PMC10574836 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular responsive microcarriers based on chitosan microspheres were prepared and applied for nonenzymatic cell detachment. Briefly, chitosan microspheres (CSMs) were first prepared by an emulsion crosslinking approach, the surface of which was then modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by chemical grafting. Subsequently, gelatin was attached onto the surface of the CSMs via the host-guest interaction between β-CD groups and aromatic residues in gelatin. The resultant microspheres were denoted CSM-g-CD-Gel. Due to their superior biocompatibility and gelatin niches, CSM-g-CD-Gel microspheres can be used as effective microcarriers for cell attachment and expansion. L-02, a human fetal hepatocyte line, was used to evaluate cell attachment and expansion with these microcarriers. After incubation for 48 h, the cells attached and expanded to cover the entire surface of microcarriers. Moreover, with the addition of adamantane (AD), cells can be detached from the microcarriers together with gelatin because of the competitive binding between β-CD and AD. Overall, these supramolecular responsive microcarriers could effectively support cell expansion and achieve nonenzymatic cell detachment and may be potentially reusable with a new cycle of gelatin attachment and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Xinying Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiuchen Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Fangqing Weng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
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Poltavets V, Krawczyk M, Maslak G, Abraimova O, Jönsson-Niedziółka M. Formation of MnO 2-coated ITO electrodes with high catalytic activity for enzymatic glucose detection. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13769-13780. [PMID: 37721014 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the formation of a cheap and environmentally friendly working electrode material for glucose biosensors with good catalytic properties. The classic electrode in such devices consists of a conductive material modified with the enzyme glucose oxidase. The working principle is the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide as a product of the enzymatic transformation of glucose. As a base material, we offer manganese dioxide; it is a natural highly selective catalyst for the decomposition of H2O2 and is electrochemically deposited onto the surface of ITO. We approached the formation of MnO2 films systematically. By changing parameters such as the deposition method, pH of the electrolyte, and the drying temperature of the precipitate, a series of electrodes were formed. These electrodes were characterized by SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and XPS and their electrocatalytic activity was studied. Significant differences in the sensitivity of the electrodes were detected. The manganese dioxide film with the best catalytic characteristics is formed in the electrolyte with pH 1 by cyclic voltammetry and then drying at 60 °C. The surface of the electrode was then modified with a solution of GOx enzyme with a concentration of 2 mg ml-1 (100-250 units per mg solid). The sensitivity of such an electrode is 117.8 μA mmol-1 cm-2. The range of determined concentrations of glucose is from 0.1 mM to 3 mM. The sensitivity is comparable to that of electrodes based on expensive materials such as graphene and noble metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Poltavets
- Charge Transfer in Hydrodynamic Systems group, Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka street 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Krawczyk
- Charge Transfer in Hydrodynamic Systems group, Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka street 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ganna Maslak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, ul. Volodymyr Vernadsky 9, 49044 Dnipro, Ukraine.
| | - Olga Abraimova
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, ul. Volodymyr Vernadsky 9, 49044 Dnipro, Ukraine.
| | - Martin Jönsson-Niedziółka
- Charge Transfer in Hydrodynamic Systems group, Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka street 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Costa IO, Morais JRF, de Medeiros Dantas JM, Gonçalves LRB, Dos Santos ES, Rios NS. Enzyme immobilization technology as a tool to innovate in the production of biofuels: A special review of the Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110300. [PMID: 37523882 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the crucial role of enzyme immobilization technology in advancing the production of two main biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, with a specific focus on the Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. This method of immobilization has gained attention due to its simplicity and affordability, as it does not initially require a solid support. CLEAs synthesis protocol includes two steps: enzyme precipitation and cross-linking of aggregates using bifunctional agents. We conducted a thorough search for papers detailing the synthesis of CLEAs utilizing amylases, cellulases, and hemicellulases. These key enzymes are involved in breaking down starch or lignocellulosic materials to produce ethanol, both in first and second-generation processes. CLEAs of lipases were included as these enzymes play a crucial role in the enzymatic process of biodiesel production. However, when dealing with large or diverse substrates such as lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production and oils/fats for biodiesel production, the use of individual enzymes may not be the most efficient method. Instead, a system that utilizes a blend of enzymes may prove to be more effective. To innovate in the production of biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel), enzyme co-immobilization using different enzyme species to produce Combi-CLEAs is a promising trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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36
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Henderson S, Strait M, Fernandes R, Xu H, Galligan JJ, Swain GM. Ex Vivo Electrochemical Monitoring of Cholinergic Signaling in the Mouse Colon Using an Enzyme-Based Biosensor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3460-3471. [PMID: 37681686 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling, i.e., neurotransmission mediated by acetylcholine, is involved in a host of physiological processes, including learning and memory. Cholinergic dysfunction is commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In the gut, acetylcholine acts as an excitatory neuromuscular signaler to mediate smooth muscle contraction, which facilitates peristaltic propulsion. Gastrointestinal dysfunction has also been associated with Alzheimer's disease. This research focuses on the preparation of an electrochemical enzyme-based biosensor to monitor cholinergic signaling in the gut and its application for measuring electrically stimulated acetylcholine release in the mouse colon ex vivo. The biosensors were prepared by platinizing Pt microelectrodes through potential cycling in a potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV) solution to roughen the electrode surface and improve adhesion of the multienzyme film. These electrodes were then modified with a permselective poly(m-phenylenediamine) polymer film, which blocks electroactive interferents from reaching the underlying substrate while remaining permeable to small molecules like H2O2. A multienzyme film containing choline oxidase and acetylcholinesterase was then drop-cast on these modified electrodes. The sensor responds to acetylcholine and choline through the enzymatic production of H2O2, which is electrochemically oxidized to produce an increase in current with increasing acetylcholine or choline concentration. Important figures of merit include a sensitivity of 190 ± 10 mA mol-1 L cm-2, a limit of detection of 0.8 μmol L-1, and a batch reproducibility of 6.1% relative standard deviation at room temperature. These sensors were used to detect electrically stimulated acetylcholine release from mouse myenteric ganglia in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin and neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Ames, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Madison Strait
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa IA50011, United States
| | - Roxanne Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James J Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Greg M Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Ames, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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37
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Khiari O, Bouzemi N, Sánchez-Montero JM, Alcántara AR. Easy and Versatile Technique for the Preparation of Stable and Active Lipase-Based CLEA-like Copolymers by Using Two Homofunctional Cross-Linking Agents: Application to the Preparation of Enantiopure Ibuprofen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13664. [PMID: 37686470 PMCID: PMC10487927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy and versatile method was designed and applied successfully to obtain access to lipase-based cross-linked-enzyme aggregate-like copolymers (CLEA-LCs) using one-pot, consecutive cross-linking steps using two types of homobifunctional cross-linkers (glutaraldehyde and putrescine), mediated with amine activation through pH alteration (pH jump) as a key step in the process. Six lipases were utilised in order to assess the effectiveness of the technique, in terms of immobilization yields, hydrolytic activities, thermal stability and application in kinetic resolution. A good retention of catalytic properties was found for all cases, together with an important thermal and storage stability improvement. Particularly, the CLEA-LCs derived from Candida rugosa lipase showed an outstanding behaviour in terms of thermostability and capability for catalysing the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ibuprofen ethyl ester, furnishing the eutomer (S)-ibuprofen with very high conversion and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Khiari
- Eco Compatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (O.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nassima Bouzemi
- Eco Compatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (O.K.); (N.B.)
| | - José María Sánchez-Montero
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Abellanas-Perez P, Carballares D, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha-Martin J. Glutaraldehyde modification of lipases immobilized on octyl agarose beads: Roles of the support enzyme loading and chemical amination of the enzyme on the final enzyme features. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125853. [PMID: 37460068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) have been immobilized on octyl agarose at low loading and at a loading exceeding the maximum support capacity. Then, the enzymes have been treated with glutaraldehyde and inactivated at pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl, sodium phosphate and HEPES, giving different stabilities. Stabilization (depending on the buffer) of the highly loaded biocatalysts was found, very likely as a consequence of the detected intermolecular crosslinkings. This did not occur for the lowly loaded biocatalysts. Next, the enzymes were chemically aminated and then treated with glutaraldehyde. In the case of TLL, the intramolecular crosslinkings (visible by the apparent reduction of the protein size) increased enzyme stability of the lowly loaded biocatalysts, an effect that was further increased for the highly loaded biocatalysts due to intermolecular crosslinkings. Using CALB, the intramolecular crosslinkings were less intense, and the stabilization was lower, even though the intermolecular crosslinkings were quite intense for the highly loaded biocatalyst. The stabilization detected depended on the inactivation buffer. The interactions between enzyme loading and inactivating buffer on the effects of the chemical modifications suggest that the modification and inactivation studies must be performed under the target biocatalysts and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain.
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39
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Romero G, Contreras LM, Aguirre Céspedes C, Wilkesman J, Clemente-Jiménez JM, Rodríguez-Vico F, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ. Efficiency Assessment between Entrapment and Covalent Bond Immobilization of Mutant β-Xylosidase onto Chitosan Support. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3170. [PMID: 37571063 PMCID: PMC10421103 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y509E mutant of β-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (XynB2Y509E) (which also bears xylanase activity) has been immobilized in chitosan spheres through either entrapment or covalent bond formation methods. The maximum immobilization yield by entrapment was achieved by chitosan beads developed using a 2% chitosan solution after 1 h of maturation time in CFG buffer with ethanol. On the other hand, the highest value in covalent bond immobilization was observed when employing chitosan beads that were prepared from a 2% chitosan solution after 4 h of activation in 1% glutaraldehyde solution at pH 8. The activity expressed after immobilization by covalent bonding was 23% higher compared to the activity expressed following entrapment immobilization, with values of 122.3 and 99.4 IU.g-1, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that catalytic turnover values were decreased as compared to a free counterpart. Both biocatalysts showed increased thermal and pH stability, along with an improved storage capacity, as they retained 88% and 40% of their activity after being stored at 4 °C for two months. Moreover, XynB2Y509E immobilized by covalent binding also exhibited outstanding reusability, retaining 92% of activity after 10 cycles of reuse. In conclusion, our results suggest that the covalent bond method appears to be the best choice for XynB2Y509E immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero
- Center for Environmental, Biological and Chemical Research, Experimental Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Valencia 2001, Venezuela; (G.R.); (J.W.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Carabobo, Naguanagua 2005, Venezuela
| | - Lellys M. Contreras
- Center for Environmental, Biological and Chemical Research, Experimental Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Valencia 2001, Venezuela; (G.R.); (J.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
| | - Carolina Aguirre Céspedes
- Centro de Energía, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Jeff Wilkesman
- Center for Environmental, Biological and Chemical Research, Experimental Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Valencia 2001, Venezuela; (G.R.); (J.W.)
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josefa María Clemente-Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Felipe Rodríguez-Vico
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Las Heras-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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40
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D'Agostino C, Chillocci C, Polli F, Surace L, Simonetti F, Agostini M, Brutti S, Mazzei F, Favero G, Zumpano R. Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for On-Site Nutritional Quality Assessment of Coffee Blends. Molecules 2023; 28:5425. [PMID: 37513297 PMCID: PMC10386176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop an easy-to-use smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor to quickly assess a coffee blend's total polyphenols (Phs) content at the industrial and individual levels. The device is based on a commercial carbon-based screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). At the same time, the biological recognition element, Laccase from Trametes versicolor, TvLac, was immobilized on the sensor surface by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent. The platform was electrochemically characterized to ascertain the influence of the SPE surface modification on its performance. The working electrode (WE) surface morphology characterization was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging. All the measurements were carried out with a micro-potentiostat, the Sensit Smart by PalmSens, connected to a smartphone. The developed biosensor provided a sensitivity of 0.12 μA/μM, a linear response ranging from 5 to 70 μM, and a lower detection limit (LOD) of 2.99 μM. Afterward, the biosensor was tested for quantifying the total Phs content in coffee blends, evaluating the influence of both the variety and the roasting degree. The smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor's performance was validated through the Folin-Ciocâlteu standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Chillocci
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Polli
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Surace
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaceleste Zumpano
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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41
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Jailani N, Jaafar NR, Rahman RA, Illias RM. Robust cross-linked cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus lehensis G1 aggregates using an improved cross-linker and a new co-aggregant for the production of cyclodextrins. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110283. [PMID: 37433237 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the potentials of carrier-free cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) immobilization is the ability to be separated and reuse. Yet, it might be impeded by the poor mechanical stability resulting low recyclability. CLEA of CGTase from Bacillus lehensis G1 (CGTase G1-CLEA) using chitosan (CS) as a cross-linker demonstrated high activity recovery however, displayed poor reusability. Therefore, the relationship between mechanical strength and reusability is studied by enhancing the CS mechanical properties and applying a new co-aggregation approach. Herein, CS was chemically cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and GA was introduced as a co-aggregant (coGA). CGTase G1-CLEA developed using an improved synthesized chitosan-glutaraldehyde (CSGA) cross-linker and a new coGA technique showed to increase its mechanical stability which retained 63.4% and 52.2%, respectively compared to using CS that remained 33.1% of their initial activity after stirred at 500 rpm. The addition of GA impacted the morphology and interaction consequently stabilizing the CLEAs durability in production of cyclodextrins. As a result, the reusability of CGTase G1-CLEA with CSGA and coGA increased by 56.6% and 42.8%, respectively compared to previous CLEA after 5 cycles for 2 h of reaction. This verifies that the mechanical strength of immobilized enzyme influences the improvement of its operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashriq Jailani
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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42
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Wahba MI. Glutaraldehyde-pea protein grafted polysaccharide matrices for functioning as covalent immobilizers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9105. [PMID: 37277367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three polysaccharide matrices (κ-Carrageenan (Carr), gellan gum, and agar) were grafted via glutaraldehyde (GA) and pea protein (PP). The grafted matrices covalently immobilized β-D-galactosidase (β-GL). Nonetheless, grafted Carr acquired the topmost amount of immobilized β-GL (iβ-GL). Thus, its grafting process was honed via Box-Behnken design and was further characterized via FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The optimal GA-PP-Carr grafting comprised processing Carr beads with 10% PP dispersion of pH 1 and 25% GA solution. The optimal GA-PP-Carr beads acquired 11.44 Ug-1 iβ-GL with 45.49% immobilization efficiency. Both free and GA-PP-Carr iβ-GLs manifested their topmost activity at the selfsame temperature and pH. Nonetheless, the β-GL Km and Vmax values were reduced following immobilization. The GA-PP-Carr iβ-GL manifested good operational stability. Moreover, its storage stability was incremented where 91.74% activity was offered after 35 storage days. The GA-PP-Carr iβ-GL was utilized to degrade lactose in whey permeate with 81.90% lactose degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Wahba
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Pinheiro BB, Saibi S, Haroune L, Rios NS, Gonçalves LRB, Cabana H. Genipin and glutaraldehyde based laccase two-layers immobilization with improved properties: New biocatalysts with high potential for enzymatic removal of trace organic contaminants. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110261. [PMID: 37269616 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research proposes the preparation of a two-layer laccase biocatalyst using genipin or/and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agents. The multilayer biocatalysts were prepared using different combinations of genipin and glutaraldehyde in the individual preparation of the first and second laccase layers. First, chitosan was treated with genipin or glutaraldehyde, followed by the immobilization of the first laccase layer to form a single-layer biocatalyst. Then, the immobilized laccases were coated once again with genipin or glutaraldehyde, and a new laccase layer was immobilized onto the system, resulting in the final two-layer biocatalyst. Compared to the single-layer biocatalysts, catalytic activity increased 1.7- and 3.4-fold when glutaraldehyde coating was used to prepare the second laccase layer. However, adding a second layer did not always produce more active biocatalysts, since the two-layer biocatalysts prepared with genipin (GenLacGenLac and GluLacGenLac) presented a decrease in activity of 65% and 28%, respectively. However, these two-layer biocatalysts prepared with genipin maintained 100% of their initial activity after 5 cycles of ABTS oxidation. Nevertheless, the two-layer, genipin-coated biocatalyst resulted in a higher removal of trace organic contaminants, since it removed 100% of mefenamic acid and 66% of acetaminophen, compared with the glutaraldehyde-coated biocatalyst, which removed 20% of mefenamic acid, and 18% of acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sabrina Saibi
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Artico M, Roux C, Peruch F, Mingotaud AF, Montanier CY. Grafting of proteins onto polymeric surfaces: A synthesis and characterization challenge. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108106. [PMID: 36738895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review aims at answering the following question: how can a researcher be sure to succeed in grafting a protein onto a polymer surface? Even if protein immobilization on solid supports has been used industrially for a long time, hence enabling natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool, emergence of new supports such as polymeric surfaces for the development of so-called intelligent materials requires new approaches. In this review, we introduce the challenges in grafting protein on synthetic polymers, mainly because compared to hard surfaces, polymers may be sensitive to various aqueous media, depending on the pH or reductive molecules, or may exhibit state transitions with temperature. Then, the specificity of grafting on synthetic polymers due to difference of chemical functions availability or difference of physical properties are summarized. We present next the various available routes to covalently bond the protein onto the polymeric substrates considering the functional groups coming from the monomers used during polymerization reaction or post-modification of the surfaces. We also focus our review on a major concern of grafting protein, which is avoiding the potential loss of function of the immobilized protein. Meanwhile, this review considers the different methods of characterization used to determine the grafting efficiency but also the behavior of enzymes once grafted. We finally dedicate the last part of this review to industrial application and future prospective, considering the sustainable processes based on green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artico
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - C Roux
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - F Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - A-F Mingotaud
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - C Y Montanier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Xing A, Hu Y, Wang W, Secundo F, Xue C, Mao X. A novel microbial-derived family 19 endochitinase with exochitinase activity and its immobilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3565-3578. [PMID: 37103491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel chitinase gene of 888 bp from Streptomyces bacillaris was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The purified recombinant enzyme (SbChiAJ103) was identified as the first microbial-derived family 19 endochitinase that showed exochitinase activity. SbChiAJ103 exhibited the substrate preference for N-acetylchitooligosaccharides with even degrees of polymerization and the capability to specifically hydrolyze colloidal chitin into (GlcNAc)2. Mono-methyl adipate was employed as a novel linker for the efficient covalent immobilization of chitinase on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The immobilized SbChiAJ103, SbChiAJ103@MNPs, exhibited superior pH tolerance, temperature stability, and storage stability than free SbChiAJ103. Even after incubation at 45 °C for 24 h, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could retain more than 60.0% initial activity. As a result, the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of SbChiAJ103@MNPs increased to 1.58 times that of free SbChiAJ103. Moreover, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could be reused by convenient magnetic separation. After 10 recycles, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could retain almost 80.0% of its initial activity. The immobilization of the novel chitinase SbChiAJ103 paves the way to the efficient and eco-friendly commercial production of (GlcNAc)2. KEY POINTS: • The first microbial GH19 endochitinase with exochitinase activity was reported. • Mono-methyl adipate was first employed to immobilize chitinase. • SbChiAJ103@MNPs showed excellent pH stability, thermal stability, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Xing
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Changhu Xue
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Minoia JM, Villanueva ME, Copello GJ, Rodríguez Talou J, Cardillo AB. Recycling of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase for the in vitro production of anisodamine and scopolamine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3459-3478. [PMID: 37099059 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, anisodamine, and scopolamine are extensively used medicines. In particular, scopolamine has the greatest value in the market. Hence, strategies to enhance its production have been explored as an alternative to traditional field-plant cultivation. In this work, we developed biocatalytic strategies for the transformation of hyoscyamine into its products utilizing a recombinant Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) fusion protein to the chitin-binding domain of the chitinase A1 from Bacillus subtilis (ChBD-H6H). Catalysis was carried out in batch, and recycling of H6H constructions was performed via affinity-immobilization, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and adsorption-desorption of the enzyme to different chitin matrices. ChBD-H6H utilized as free enzyme achieved complete conversion of hyoscyamine in 3- and 22-h bioprocesses. Chitin particles demonstrated to be the most convenient support for ChBD-H6H immobilization and recycling. Affinity-immobilized ChBD-H6H operated in a three-cycle bioprocess (3 h/cycle, 30 °C) yielded in the first and third reaction cycle 49.8% and 22.2% of anisodamine and 0.7% and 0.3% of scopolamine, respectively. However, glutaraldehyde crosslinking decreased enzymatic activity in a broad range of concentrations. Instead, the adsorption-desorption approach equaled the maximal conversion of the free enzyme in the first cycle and retained higher enzymatic activity than the carrier-bound strategy along the consecutive cycles. The adsorption-desorption strategy permitted the reutilization of the enzyme in a simple and economical manner while exploiting the maximal conversion activity displayed by the free enzyme. This approach is valid since other enzymes present in the E. coli lysate do not interfere with the reaction. KEY POINTS: • A biocatalytic system for anisodamine and scopolamine production was developed. • Affinity-immobilized ChBD-H6H in ChP retained catalytic activity. • Enzyme-recycling by adsorption-desorption strategies improves product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Minoia
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Villanueva
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Luján, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo J Copello
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Rodríguez Talou
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra B Cardillo
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Immobilization of Alpha Acetolactate Decarboxylase in Hybrid Gelatin/Alginate Support for Application to Reduce Diacetyl Off-Flavor in Beer. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer production is the largest among alcoholic beverages. Its production process is complex and demands several steps. Lager beers commonly present an off-flavor of butter that is due to the presence of diacetyl, and to avoid such a problem, a long period of maturation (3–5 weeks) is required. Another way is the application of (α-acetolactate decarboxylase) ALDC to accelerate the process. The objectives of the present work were to develop a low-cost support using gelatin, a residue from capsules from the nutraceutical industry, to immobilize the ALDC enzyme. For this, the yield, efficiency and activity recovered, and the stability of free and immobilized enzymes at different temperatures and pH were evaluated. To evaluate the capacity of immobilized enzymes when applied directly to beer and their operational stability, three concentrations of glutaraldehyde (1%, 2.5% and 5%) were tested in distilled water as a cross-linking agent. The best results obtained were 95.6%, 27.0% and 23.6%, respectively, for yield, efficiency and activity recovery. Immobilization provided a high activity over a wide pH range. The immobilized enzyme showed greater stability at temperatures of 50 and 60 °C. The immobilized derivative showed adequate reuse capacity, and its dehydrated form had excellent activity after long periods of storage.
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48
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Xylanase covalent binding onto amidated pectin beads: Optimization, thermal, operational and storage stability studies and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124018. [PMID: 36921821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Amidated pectin-polyethylene imine-glutaraldehyde (AP-PEI-GA) immobilizer was prepared. The ideal protocol that should be adopted during the immobilizer preparation was investigated via Box-Behnken design (BBD), and it comprised processing the AP beads with 3.4 % (w/w) PEI solution of pH 9.65 followed by 5.96 % (v/v) GA solution. The obtained AP-PEI-GA immobilizer was efficient, and it acquired 3.03 U.g-1 of immobilized xylanase (im-xylanase) activity. The computed Km and Vmax values for AP-PEI-GA im-xylanase were 16.67 mg.ml-1 and 20 g.ml-1.min-1, respectively. Through covalent coupling to AP-PEI-GA, Aspergillus niger xylanase thermodynamic properties T1/2 and D-values were increased by 2.05, 3.08, and 1.35 at 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. ΔHd and ΔGd for AP-PEI-GA im-xylanase at 40, 50, and 60 °C were higher than those for free form emphasizing more resistance to thermal denaturation. Im-xylanase showed 100 % activity for 20 successive cycles and hydrolyzed different agro-industrial wastes into reducing sugar and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with more efficiency on pea peel (PP). AP-PEI-GA im-xylanase, PP weight, and hydrolysis time that should be adopted to obtain the highest reducing sugar and XOS yield were optimized through central composite design (CCD). Extracted XOS showed prebiotic and anti-oxidant activities.
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Bilal M, Rashid EU, Munawar J, Iqbal HMN, Cui J, Zdarta J, Ashraf SS, Jesionowski T. Magnetic metal-organic frameworks immobilized enzyme-based nano-biocatalytic systems for sustainable biotechnology. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123968. [PMID: 36906204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts, in which enzyme molecules are integrated into/onto multifunctional materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have been fascinating and appeared as a new interface of nanobiocatalysis with multi-oriented applications. Among various nano-support matrices, functionalized MOFs with magnetic attributes have gained supreme interest as versatile nano-biocatalytic systems for organic bio-transformations. From the design (fabrication) to deployment (application), magnetic MOFs have manifested notable efficacy in manipulating the enzyme microenvironment for robust biocatalysis and thus assure requisite applications in several areas of enzyme engineering at large and nano-biocatalytic transformations, in particular. Magnetic MOFs-linked enzyme-based nano-biocatalytic systems offer chemo-regio- and stereo-selectivities, specificities, and resistivities under fine-tuned enzyme microenvironments. Considering the current sustainable bioprocesses demands and green chemistry needs, we reviewed synthesis chemistry and application prospects of magnetic MOFs-immobilized enzyme-based nano-biocatalytic systems for exploitability in different industrial and biotechnological sectors. More specifically, following a thorough introductory background, the first half of the review discusses various approaches to effectively developed magnetic MOFs. The second half mainly focuses on MOFs-assisted biocatalytic transformation applications, including biodegradation of phenolic compounds, removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, dye decolorization, green biosynthesis of sweeteners, biodiesel production, detection of herbicides and screening of ligands and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Munawar
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Syed Salman Ashraf
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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50
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Wahba MI. Glutaraldehyde-copper gelled chitosan beads: Characterization and utilization as covalent immobilizers. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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