1
|
Matijaković Mlinarić N, Marušić K, Brkić AL, Marciuš M, Fabijanić TA, Tomašić N, Selmani A, Roblegg E, Kralj D, Stanić I, Njegić Džakula B, Kontrec J. Microplastics encapsulation in aragonite: efficiency, detection and insight into potential environmental impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1116-1129. [PMID: 38623703 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has become a significant problem especially microplastics which can encapsulate into the skeletons of organisms that produce calcium carbonates, such as foraminifera, molluscs and corals. The encapsulation of microplastics into precipitated aragonite, which in nature builds the coral skeleton, has not yet been studied. It is also not known how the dissolved organic matter, to which microplastics are constantly exposed in aquatic ecosystems, affects the encapsulation of microplastics into aragonite and how such microplastics affect the mechanical properties of aragonite. We performed aragonite precipitation experiments in artificial seawater in the presence of polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) microspheres, untreated and treated with humic acid (HA). The results showed that the efficiency of encapsulating PE and PE-HA microspheres in aragonite was higher than that for PS and PS-HA microspheres. The mechanical properties of resulting aragonite changed after the encapsulation of microplastic particles. A decrease in the hardness and indentation modulus of the aragonite samples was observed, and the most substantial effect occurred in the case of PE-HA microspheres encapsulation. These findings raise concerns about possible changes in the mechanical properties of the exoskeleton and endoskeleton of calcifying marine organisms such as corals and molluscs due to the incorporation of pristine microplastics and microplastics exposed to dissolved organic matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarina Marušić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Marijan Marciuš
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tamara Aleksandrov Fabijanić
- The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Tomašić
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Atiđa Selmani
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Damir Kralj
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Stanić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Branka Njegić Džakula
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasminka Kontrec
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caliskan HB, Ustok FI. Implications of intracrystalline OC17 on the protection of lattice incorporated proteins. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4886-4894. [PMID: 38860646 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Biogenic CaCO3 formation is regulated by crystallization proteins during crystal growth. Interactions of proteins with nascent mineral surfaces trigger proteins to be incorporated into the crystal lattice. As a result of incorporation, these intracrystalline proteins are protected in the lattice, an example of which is ancient eggshell proteins that have persisted in CaCO3 for thousands of years even under harsh environmental conditions. OC17 is an eggshell protein known to interact with CaCO3 during eggshell formation during which OC17 becomes incorporated into the lattice. Understanding protein incorporation into CaCO3 could offer insights into protein stability inside crystals. Here, we study the protection of OC17 in the CaCO3 lattice. Using thermogravimetric analysis we show that the effect of temperature on intracrystalline proteins of eggshells is negligible below 250 °C. Next, we show that lattice incorporation protects the OC17 structure despite a heat-treatment step that is shown to denature the protein. Because incorporated proteins need to be released from crystals, we verify metal chelation as a safe crystal dissolution method to avoid protein denaturation during reconstitution. Finally, we optimize the recombinant expression of OC17 which could allow engineering OC17 for engineered intracrystalline entrapment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Burak Caliskan
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK.
- University of Cambridge, The Nanoscience Centre, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Fatma Isik Ustok
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Z, Yue Q, Li X, Zhu Y, Liu X, Fielding LA. Polymer-Assisted 3D Printing of Inductor Cores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10764-10773. [PMID: 38349253 PMCID: PMC10910495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was investigated as an additive for high-loading iron oxide nanoparticle (IOP) 3D printable inks. The effect of adjusting the molar mass and loading of PGMA on the rheology of IOP suspensions was investigated, and an optimized ink formulation containing 70% w/w IOPs and 0.25% w/w PGMA98 at pH 10 was developed. This ink was successfully 3D printed onto various substrates and into several structures, including rectangles, high aspect ratio cylinders, letters, spiral- and comb-shaped structures, and thin- and thick-walled toroids. The effect of sintering on the mechanical properties of printed artifacts was investigated via four-point flexural and compressive testing, with higher sintering temperatures resulting in improved mechanical properties due to changes in the particle size and microstructure. The printed toroids were fabricated into inductors, and their electrical performance was assessed via impedance spectroscopy at a working frequency range of 0.001-13 MHz. There was a clear trade-off between electrical properties and sintering temperature due to a phase change between γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 upon heating. Nevertheless, the optimized devices had a Q factor of ∼40 at 10 MHz, representing a superior performance compared to that of other inductors with iron oxide cores previously reported. Thus, this report represents a significant step toward the development of low-cost, fully aqueous, high loading, and 3D printable ceramic inks for high-performance inductors and functional devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Luo
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Qi Yue
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Xuzhao Liu
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Z, Chen W, Li Q, Xiong B, Ning Y, Yang P. Interfacial Supra-Assembly of Copolymer Nanoparticles Enables the Formation of Nanocomposite Crystals with a Tunable Internal Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21546-21553. [PMID: 37748127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable but technically challenging to precisely control the spatial composition and internal structure of crystalline nanocomposite materials, especially in a one-pot synthetic route. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile pathway to tune the spatial distribution of guest species within a host inorganic crystal via an incorporation strategy. Specifically, well-defined block copolymer nanoparticles, poly(methacrylic acid)x-block-poly(styrene-alt-N-phenylmaleimide)y [PMAAx-P(St-alt-NMI)y], are synthesized by polymerization-induced self-assembly. Such anionic nanoparticles can supra-assemble onto the surface of larger cationic nanoparticles via an electrostatic interaction, forming colloidal nanocomposite particles (CNPs). Remarkably, such CNPs can be incorporated into calcite single crystals in a spatially controlled manner: the depth of CNPs incorporation into calcite is tunable. Systematic investigation indicates that this interesting phenomenon is governed by the colloidal stability of CNPs, which in turn is dictated by the PMAAx-P(St-alt-NMI)y adsorption density and calcium ion concentration. This study opens up a general and efficient route for the preparation of a wide range of crystalline nanocomposite materials with a controlled internal composition and structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yin Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peihui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Xiong B, Fu Z, Ning Y, Li D. Synergistic Effect of Hydroxyl and Carboxyl Groups on Promoting Nanoparticle Occlusion within Calcite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207843. [PMID: 36717276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct occlusion of guest nanoparticles into host crystals enables the straightforward preparation for various of nanocomposite materials with emerging properties. Therefore, it is highly desirable to elucidate the 'design rules' that govern efficient nanoparticle occlusion. Herein, a series of sterically-stabilized nanoparticles are rationally prepared, where the surface stabilizer chains of such nanoparticles are composed of either poly(methacrylic acid), or poly(glycerol monomethacrylate), or poly((2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl)serine). Systematic investigation reveals that hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups play a synergistic role in driving nanoparticle incorporation into calcite crystals, where the hydroxyl groups enhance colloidal stability of the nanoparticles and the carboxyl groups provide binding sites for efficient occlusion. The generality of these findings is further validated by extending it to polymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that precision synthesis of polymer stabilizers comprising of synergistic functional groups can significantly promote nanoparticle occlusion, thus enabling the efficient construction of organic-inorganic hybrid materials via nanoparticle occlusion strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ziyu Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yin Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marzec B, Walker J, Jhons Y, Meldrum FC, Shaver M, Nudelman F. Micron-sized biogenic and synthetic hollow mineral spheres occlude additives within single crystals. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:536-550. [PMID: 35388821 PMCID: PMC9281370 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating additives within host single crystals is an effective strategy for producing composite materials with tunable mechanical, magnetic and optical properties. The type of guest materials that can be occluded can be limited, however, as incorporation is a complex process depending on many factors including binding of the additive to the crystal surface, the rate of crystal growth and the stability of the additives in the crystallisation solution. In particular, the size of occluded guests has been restricted to a few angstroms - as for single molecules - to a few hundred nanometers - as for polymer vesicles and particles. Here, we present a synthetic approach for occluding micrometer-scale objects, including high-complexity unicellular organisms and synthetic hollow calcite spheres within calcite single crystals. Both of these objects can transport functional additives, including organic molecules and nanoparticles that would not otherwise occlude within calcite. Therefore, this method constitutes a generic approach using calcite as a delivery system for active compounds, while providing them with effective protection against environmental factors that could cause degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Marzec
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
- JEOL UK Ltd, 1-2 Silver Court, Watchmead, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1LT, UK
| | - Jessica Walker
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
- Beamline I14, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Yasmeen Jhons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nahi O, Broad A, Kulak AN, Freeman HM, Zhang S, Turner TD, Roach L, Darkins R, Ford IJ, Meldrum FC. Positively Charged Additives Facilitate Incorporation in Inorganic Single Crystals. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:4910-4923. [PMID: 35722202 PMCID: PMC9202304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of guest additives within inorganic single crystals offers a unique strategy for creating nanocomposites with tailored properties. While anionic additives have been widely used to control the properties of crystals, their effective incorporation remains a key challenge. Here, we show that cationic additives are an excellent alternative for the synthesis of nanocomposites, where they are shown to deliver exceptional levels of incorporation of up to 70 wt % of positively charged amino acids, polymer particles, gold nanoparticles, and silver nanoclusters within inorganic single crystals. This high additive loading endows the nanocomposites with new functional properties, including plasmon coupling, bright fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Cationic additives are also shown to outperform their acidic counterparts, where they are highly active in a wider range of crystal systems, owing to their outstanding colloidal stability in the crystallization media and strong affinity for the crystal surfaces. This work demonstrates that although often overlooked, cationic additives can make valuable crystallization additives to create composite materials with tailored composition-structure-property relationships. This versatile and straightforward approach advances the field of single-crystal composites and provides exciting prospects for the design and fabrication of new hybrid materials with tunable functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouassef Nahi
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Alexander Broad
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Alexander N. Kulak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Helen M. Freeman
- School
of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Thomas D. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Lucien Roach
- Université
de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB,
UMR 5026, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Robert Darkins
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Ian J. Ford
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bio-inspired synthesis of flavonoids incorporated CaCO3: Influence on the phase, morphology and mechanical strength of the composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Ning Y, Armes SP, Li D. Polymer-Inorganic Crystalline Nanocomposite Materials via Nanoparticle Occlusion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100793. [PMID: 35078274 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient occlusion of guest nanoparticles into host single crystals opens up a straightforward and versatile way to construct functional crystalline nanocomposites. This new technique has attracted increasing research interest because it enables the composition, structure and property of the resulting nanocomposites to be well-controlled. In this review article, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of nanoparticle occlusion within inorganic crystals. First, we summarize recently-developed strategies for the occlusion of various colloidal particles (e.g., diblock copolymer nanoparticles, polymer-modified inorganic nanoparticles, oil droplets, etc.) within host crystals (e.g., CaCO3 , ZnO or ZIF-8). Second, new results pertaining to spatially-controlled occlusion and the physical mechanism of nanoparticle occlusion are briefly discussed. Finally, we highlight the physicochemical properties and potential applications of various functional nanocomposite crystals constructed via nanoparticle occlusion and we also offer our perspective on the likely future for this research topic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nabiyan A, Max JB, Schacher FH. Double hydrophilic copolymers - synthetic approaches, architectural variety, and current application fields. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:995-1044. [PMID: 35005750 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solubility and functionality of polymeric materials are essential properties determining their role in any application. In that regard, double hydrophilic copolymers (DHC) are typically constructed from two chemically dissimilar but water-soluble building blocks. During the past decades, these materials have been intensely developed and utilised as, e.g., matrices for the design of multifunctional hybrid materials, in drug carriers and gene delivery, as nanoreactors, or as sensors. This is predominantly due to almost unlimited possibilities to precisely tune DHC composition and topology, their solution behavior, e.g., stimuli-response, and potential interactions with small molecules, ions and (nanoparticle) surfaces. In this contribution we want to highlight that this class of polymers has experienced tremendous progress regarding synthesis, architectural variety, and the possibility to combine response to different stimuli within one material. Especially the implementation of DHCs as versatile building blocks in hybrid materials expanded the range of water-based applications during the last two decades, which now includes also photocatalysis, sensing, and 3D inkjet printing of hydrogels, definitely going beyond already well-established utilisation in biomedicine or as templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes B Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren J, Liu Y, Li H. Incorporating polymers within a single‐crystal: From heterogeneous structure to multiple functions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nahi O, Kulak AN, Kress T, Kim YY, Grendal OG, Duer MJ, Cayre OJ, Meldrum FC. Incorporation of nanogels within calcite single crystals for the storage, protection and controlled release of active compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9839-9850. [PMID: 34349958 PMCID: PMC8293999 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have tremendous potential for the encapsulation, storage and delivery of active compounds. However, current formulations often employ open structures that achieve efficient loading of active agents, but that suffer undesired leakage and instability of the payloads over time. Here, a straightforward strategy that overcomes these issues is presented, in which protein nanogels are encapsulated within single crystals of calcite (CaCO3). Demonstrating our approach with bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanogels loaded with (bio)active compounds, including doxorubicin (a chemotherapeutic drug) and lysozyme (an antibacterial enzyme), we show that these nanogels can be occluded within calcite host crystals at levels of up to 45 vol%. Encapsulated within the dense mineral, the active compounds are stable against harsh conditions such as high temperature and pH, and controlled release can be triggered by a simple reduction of the pH. Comparisons with analogous systems - amorphous calcium carbonate, mesoporous vaterite (CaCO3) polycrystals, and calcite crystals containing polymer vesicles - demonstrate the superior encapsulation performance of the nanogel/calcite system. This opens the door to encapsulating a broad range of existing nanocarrier systems within single crystal hosts for the efficient storage, transport and controlled release of various active guest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouassef Nahi
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Alexander N Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Thomas Kress
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Rd. Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ola G Grendal
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Rd. Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Olivier J Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang M, Ping H, Fang W, Wan F, Xie H, Zou Z, Fu Z. Particle-attachment crystallization facilitates the occlusion of micrometer-sized Escherichia coli in calcium carbonate crystals with stable fluorescence. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9269-9276. [PMID: 32975544 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01978j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inspired from the occlusion of macromolecules in mineral crystals during the biomineralization process, the occlusion mechanism of functional guest species into a host matrix is gradually revealed in artificial systems. However, the guest species within calcite crystals are limited to the nanometer scale. Herein, using amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) as a precursor and taking advantage of the crystallization of vaterite by the attachment of ACC nanoparticles, micrometer-sized modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) was incorporated into vaterite crystals. The occlusion content of bacteria within the vaterite crystal could reach up to 16 wt%. On the contrary, the occlusion of E. coli into calcite crystals, which proceeded via ion-by-ion addition growth, was only confined to the surface layer. Through modifying the surface structure or chemical composition of bacteria, the strong interaction between the surface of the bacteria and calcium carbonate has proved to be the key factor for successful occlusion. Interestingly, the genetically modified green fluorescent protein (GFP)-E. coli/vaterite composites exhibited stable fluorescence for more than six months with little attenuation and the lifetime could be more than 1.2 μs. It was demonstrated that a combination of the amorphous precursor crystallization pathway and a suitable surface structure of the foreign species can significantly enhance the occlusion efficiency of micrometer-sized species in crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Weijian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fuqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ning Y, Han Y, Han L, Derry MJ, Armes SP. Exerting Spatial Control During Nanoparticle Occlusion within Calcite Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Yide Han
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
- Present address: Aston Institute of Materials Research Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning Y, Han Y, Han L, Derry MJ, Armes SP. Exerting Spatial Control During Nanoparticle Occlusion within Calcite Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17966-17973. [PMID: 32613700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In principle, nanoparticle occlusion within crystals provides a straightforward and efficient route to make new nanocomposite materials. However, developing a deeper understanding of the design rules underpinning this strategy is highly desirable. In particular, controlling the spatial distribution of the guest nanoparticles within the host crystalline matrix remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we show that the surface chemistry of the guest nanoparticles and the [Ca2+ ] concentration play critical roles in determining the precise spatial location of the nanoparticles within calcite crystals. Moreover, in situ studies provide important mechanistic insights regarding surface-confined nanoparticle occlusion. Overall, this study not only provides useful guidelines for efficient nanoparticle occlusion, but also enables the rational design of patterned calcite crystals using model anionic block copolymer vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Yide Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.,Present address: Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ning Y, Armes SP. Efficient Occlusion of Nanoparticles within Inorganic Single Crystals. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1176-1186. [PMID: 32421304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In principle, the incorporation of guest nanoparticles within host crystals should provide a straightforward and versatile route to a wide range of nanocomposite materials. However, crystallization normally involves expelling impurities, so nanoparticle occlusion is both counter-intuitive and technically challenging. Clearly, the nanoparticles should have a strong interaction with the growing crystalline lattice, but quantifying such an affinity has been challenging; the basic principles that govern efficient nanoparticle occlusion within inorganic single crystals are rather poorly understood. In the past few years, we have focused on the elucidation of robust design rules for such systems; our progress is summarized in this article.Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is widely recognized as a powerful platform technology for the preparation of a broad range of model organic nanoparticles. Herein, PISA was exploited to prepare sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nano-objects (e.g., spheres, worms, or vesicles) of varying size using steric stabilizers of well-defined chain length, variable anionic charge density, tunable surface density, and adjustable chemical functionality (e.g., carboxylic acid, phosphate, sulfate or sulfonate groups). Thus, we were able to systematically investigate how such structural parameters influence nanoparticle occlusion. Given its commercial importance for many industrial sectors, calcium carbonate was selected as the model host crystal for nanoparticle occlusion studies. Perhaps surprisingly, the extent of nanoparticle occlusion is not particularly sensitive to nanoparticle size or morphology. However, the steric stabilizer chain length can play a key role: relatively short chains lead to surface-confined occlusion, while sufficiently long chains enable uniform nanoparticle occlusion to be achieved throughout the crystal lattice (albeit sometimes inducing a significant change in crystal morphology). Optimizing the anionic charge density and surface density of the stabilizer chains is required to maximize the extent of nanoparticle occlusion, while steric stabilizer chains comprising anionic carboxylate groups led to greater occlusion compared to those composed of phosphate, sulfate, or sulfonate groups when examining a model vesicle system.Subsequently, our occlusion studies were extended to include functional hybrid nanocomposite crystals. For example, the spatially controlled occlusion of poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-stabilized gold nanoparticles was achieved within semiconductive ZnO crystals by either controlling the nanoparticle concentration or by delaying their addition to the reaction mixture. Moreover, oil droplets of up to 500 nm have been incorporated into calcite crystals at up to 11% by mass, despite the large mismatch in surface energy between the hydrophobic oil droplets and the ionic crystal lattice. We have also explored a "Trojan horse" strategy, whereby cargos comprising nanoparticles or soluble dye molecules are first encapsulated within anionic block copolymer vesicles prior to their incorporation within calcite crystals. This approach offers a generic and efficient strategy for the occlusion of many types of guest species into single crystals. In summary, we have established important guidelines for efficient nanoparticle occlusion within crystals, which opens up new avenues for the synthesis of next-generation hybrid materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ihli J, Levenstein MA, Kim YY, Wakonig K, Ning Y, Tatani A, Kulak AN, Green DC, Holler M, Armes SP, Meldrum FC. Ptychographic X-ray tomography reveals additive zoning in nanocomposite single crystals. Chem Sci 2020; 11:355-363. [PMID: 32874489 PMCID: PMC7442293 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single crystals containing nanoparticles represent a unique class of nanocomposites whose properties are defined by both their compositions and the structural organization of the dispersed phase in the crystalline host. Yet, there is still a poor understanding of the relationship between the synthesis conditions and the structures of these materials. Here ptychographic X-ray computed tomography is used to visualize the three-dimensional structures of two nanocomposite crystals - single crystals of calcite occluding diblock copolymer worms and vesicles. This provides unique information about the distribution of the copolymer nano-objects within entire, micron-sized crystals with nanometer spatial resolution and reveals how occlusion is governed by factors including the supersaturation and calcium concentration. Both nanocomposite crystals are seen to exhibit zoning effects that are governed by the solution composition and interactions of the additives with specific steps on the crystal surface. Additionally, the size and shape of the occluded vesicles varies according to their location within the crystal, and therefore the solution composition at the time of occlusion. This work contributes to our understanding of the factors that govern nanoparticle occlusion within crystalline materials, where this will ultimately inform the design of next generation nanocomposite materials with specific structure/property relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland .
| | - Mark A Levenstein
- School of Mechanical Engineering , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Klaus Wakonig
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland .
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering , ETHZürich , University of Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
| | - Aikaterini Tatani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
| | | | - David C Green
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland .
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim YY, Darkins R, Broad A, Kulak AN, Holden MA, Nahi O, Armes SP, Tang CC, Thompson RF, Marin F, Duffy DM, Meldrum FC. Hydroxyl-rich macromolecules enable the bio-inspired synthesis of single crystal nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5682. [PMID: 31831739 PMCID: PMC6908585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic macromolecules are traditionally considered key to calcium carbonate biomineralisation and have long been first choice in the bio-inspired synthesis of crystalline materials. Here, we challenge this view and demonstrate that low-charge macromolecules can vastly outperform their acidic counterparts in the synthesis of nanocomposites. Using gold nanoparticles functionalised with low charge, hydroxyl-rich proteins and homopolymers as growth additives, we show that extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles can be incorporated within calcite single crystals, while maintaining the continuity of the lattice and the original rhombohedral morphologies of the crystals. The nanoparticles are perfectly dispersed within the host crystal and at high concentrations are so closely apposed that they exhibit plasmon coupling and induce an unexpected contraction of the crystal lattice. The versatility of this strategy is then demonstrated by extension to alternative host crystals. This simple and scalable occlusion approach opens the door to a novel class of single crystal nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Robert Darkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexander Broad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexander N Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ouassef Nahi
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- The Astbury Biostructure Laboratory, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederic Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Dorothy M Duffy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ihli J, Green DC, Lynch C, Holden MA, Lee PA, Zhang S, Robinson IK, Webb SED, Meldrum FC. Super‐Resolution Microscopy Reveals Shape and Distribution of Dislocations in Single‐Crystal Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Christophe Lynch
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilResearch Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Mark A. Holden
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Physical Sciences and ComputingUniversity of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE UK
| | | | - Shuheng Zhang
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ian K. Robinson
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London London WC1H 0AH UK
- Brookhaven National Lab Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Stephen E. D. Webb
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilResearch Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ihli J, Green DC, Lynch C, Holden MA, Lee PA, Zhang S, Robinson IK, Webb SED, Meldrum FC. Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Shape and Distribution of Dislocations in Single-Crystal Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17328-17334. [PMID: 31591809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With their potential to offer new properties, single crystals containing nanoparticles provide an attractive class of nanocomposite materials. However, to fully profit from these, it is essential that we can characterise their 3D structures, identifying the locations of individual nanoparticles, and the defects present within the host crystals. Using calcite crystals containing quantum dots as a model system, we here use 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to locate the positions of the nanoparticles within the host crystal. The nanoparticles are shown to preferentially associate with dislocations in a manner previously recognised for atomic impurities, rendering these defects visible by STORM. Our images also demonstrate that the types of dislocations formed at the crystal/substrate interface vary according to the nucleation face, and dislocation loops are observed that have entirely different geometries to classic misfit dislocations. This approach offers a rapid, easily accessed, and non-destructive method for visualising the dislocations present within crystals, and gives insight into the mechanisms by which additives become occluded within crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christophe Lynch
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Phillip A Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian K Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.,Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Stephen E D Webb
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ning Y, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Efficient occlusion of oil droplets within calcite crystals. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8964-8972. [PMID: 32953001 PMCID: PMC7472555 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03372f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that oil and water do not mix. Similarly, the incorporation of oil droplets within inorganic crystals is highly counter-intuitive because there is a large difference in surface energy for these two components. Nevertheless, herein we demonstrate the efficient occlusion of ∼250-500 nm oil droplets within 20-40 μm calcite crystals. These droplets are stabilized using various amphiphilic poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer emulsifiers. Both copolymer concentration and diblock compositions affect the extent of occlusion, with optimized conditions producing calcite crystals containing up to 11% oil by mass. Moreover, compressive forces exerted by the growing crystals cause significant deformation of the oil droplets during occlusion. In principle, this protocol enables the incorporation of water-insoluble dyes or hydrophobic nanoparticles within calcite, which is a cheap, naturally-occurring and environmentally-benign mineral. The single crystal nature of this host lattice ensures efficient retention of such guests, while lowering the solution pH leads to triggered release via acid dissolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chi J, Zhang W, Wang L, Putnis CV. Direct Observations of the Occlusion of Soil Organic Matter within Calcite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8097-8104. [PMID: 31241316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global soil carbon cycling plays a key role in regulating and stabilizing the earth's climate change because of soils with amounts of carbon at least three times greater than those of other ecological systems. Soil minerals have also been shown to underlie the persistence of soil organic matter (SOM) through both adsorption and occlusion, but the microscopic mechanisms that control the latter process are poorly understood. Here, using time-resolved in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to observe how calcite, a representative mineral in alkaline soils, interacts with humic substances, we show that following adsorption, humic substances are gradually occluded by the advancing steps of spirals on the calcite (1014) face grown in relatively high supersaturated solutions, through the embedment, compression, and closure of humic substance particles into cavities. This occlusion progress is inhibited by phytate at high concentrations (10-100 μM) due to the formation of phytate-Ca precipitates on step edges to prevent the step advancement, whereas phytate at relatively low concentrations (≤1 μM) and oxalate at high concentrations (100 μM) have little effect on this process. These in situ observations may provide new insights into the organo-mineral interaction, resulting in the incorporation of humic substances into minerals with a longer storage time to delay degradation in soils. This will improve our understanding of carbon cycling and immobilization in soil ecological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Chi
- College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie , University of Münster , 48149 Münster , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Curtin University , Perth 6845 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Douverne M, Ning Y, Tatani A, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. How Many Phosphoric Acid Units Are Required to Ensure Uniform Occlusion of Sterically Stabilized Nanoparticles within Calcite? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8692-8697. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Douverne
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences and GeosciencesJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yin Ning
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Aikaterini Tatani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sergeeva A, Vikulina AS, Volodkin D. Porous Alginate Scaffolds Assembled Using Vaterite CaCO 3 Crystals. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E357. [PMID: 31146472 PMCID: PMC6630714 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Formulation of multifunctional biopolymer-based scaffolds is one of the major focuses in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Besides proper mechanical/chemical properties, an ideal scaffold should: (i) possess a well-tuned porous internal structure for cell seeding/growth and (ii) host bioactive molecules to be protected against biodegradation and presented to cells when required. Alginate hydrogels were extensively developed to serve as scaffolds, and recent advances in the hydrogel formulation demonstrate their applicability as "ideal" soft scaffolds. This review focuses on advanced porous alginate scaffolds (PAS) fabricated using hard templating on vaterite CaCO3 crystals. These novel tailor-made soft structures can be prepared at physiologically relevant conditions offering a high level of control over their internal structure and high performance for loading/release of bioactive macromolecules. The novel approach to assemble PAS is compared with traditional methods used for fabrication of porous alginate hydrogels. Finally, future perspectives and applications of PAS for advanced cell culture, tissue engineering, and drug testing are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sergeeva
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Anna S Vikulina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane,Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane,Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Douverne M, Ning Y, Tatani A, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. How Many Phosphoric Acid Units Are Required to Ensure Uniform Occlusion of Sterically Stabilized Nanoparticles within Calcite? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Douverne
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences and GeosciencesJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yin Ning
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Aikaterini Tatani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ning Y, Fielding LA, Nutter J, Kulak AN, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Spatially Controlled Occlusion of Polymer‐Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles within ZnO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- The School of MaterialsUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - John Nutter
- Henry Royce InstituteDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | | | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ning Y, Fielding LA, Nutter J, Kulak AN, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Spatially Controlled Occlusion of Polymer-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles within ZnO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4302-4307. [PMID: 30673157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In principle, incorporating nanoparticles into growing crystals offers an attractive and highly convenient route for the production of a wide range of novel nanocomposites. Herein we describe an efficient aqueous route that enables the spatially controlled occlusion of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within ZnO crystals at up to 20 % by mass. Depending on the precise synthesis protocol, these AuNPs can be (i) solely located within a central region, (ii) uniformly distributed throughout the ZnO host crystal or (iii) confined to a surface layer. Remarkably, such efficient occlusion is mediated by a non-ionic water-soluble polymer, poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)70 (G70 ), which is chemically grafted to the AuNPs; pendent cis-diol side groups on this steric stabilizer bind Zn2+ cations, which promotes nanoparticle interaction with the growing ZnO crystals. Finally, uniform occlusion of G70 -AuNPs within this inorganic host leads to faster UV-induced photodegradation of a model dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Lee A Fielding
- The School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John Nutter
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Alexander N Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South, Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ning Y, Han L, Derry MJ, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Model Anionic Block Copolymer Vesicles Provide Important Design Rules for Efficient Nanoparticle Occlusion within Calcite. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2557-2567. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ihli J, Clark JN, Kanwal N, Kim YY, Holden MA, Harder RJ, Tang CC, Ashbrook SE, Robinson IK, Meldrum FC. Visualization of the effect of additives on the nanostructures of individual bio-inspired calcite crystals. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1176-1185. [PMID: 30774916 PMCID: PMC6349071 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble additives provide a versatile strategy for controlling crystallization processes, enabling selection of properties including crystal sizes, morphologies, and structures. The additive species can also be incorporated within the crystal lattice, leading for example to enhanced mechanical properties. However, while many techniques are available for analyzing particle shape and structure, it remains challenging to characterize the structural inhomogeneities and defects introduced into individual crystals by these additives, where these govern many important material properties. Here, we exploit Bragg coherent diffraction imaging to visualize the effects of soluble additives on the internal structures of individual crystals on the nanoscale. Investigation of bio-inspired calcite crystals grown in the presence of lysine or magnesium ions reveals that while a single dislocation is observed in calcite crystals grown in the presence of lysine, magnesium ions generate complex strain patterns. Indeed, in addition to the expected homogeneous solid solution of Mg ions in the calcite lattice, we observe two zones comprising alternating lattice contractions and relaxation, where comparable alternating layers of high magnesium calcite have been observed in many magnesium calcite biominerals. Such insight into the structures of nanocomposite crystals will ultimately enable us to understand and control their properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| | - Jesse N Clark
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Nasima Kanwal
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St. Andrews , North Haugh , St. Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| | - Ross J Harder
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , USA
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St. Andrews , North Haugh , St. Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Ian K Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , London WC1H 0AH , UK
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science , Brookhaven National Lab. Upton , NY 11973-5000 , USA
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fielding LA, Hendley IV CT, Asenath-Smith E, Estroff LA, Armes SP. Rationally designed anionic diblock copolymer worm gels are useful model systems for calcite occlusion studies. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binary mixtures of RAFT macromolecular chain transfer agents are utilized to rationally design anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles via PISA. The role of carboxylate groups in directing calcite growth within copolymer worm gels is investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Fielding
- Department of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Coit T. Hendley IV
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Emily Asenath-Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL)
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ning Y, Whitaker DJ, Mable CJ, Derry MJ, Penfold NJW, Kulak AN, Green DC, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Anionic block copolymer vesicles act as Trojan horses to enable efficient occlusion of guest species into host calcite crystals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8396-8401. [PMID: 30542588 PMCID: PMC6243646 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a versatile 'Trojan Horse' strategy using highly anionic poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) vesicles to incorporate two types of model payloads, i.e. either silica nanoparticles or an organic dye (fluorescein), within CaCO3 (calcite). Uniform occlusion of silica-loaded vesicles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, while thermogravimetry studies indicated extents of vesicle occlusion of up to 9.4% by mass (∼33% by volume). Efficient dye-loaded vesicle occlusion produces highly fluorescent calcite crystals as judged by fluorescence microscopy. In control experiments, silica nanoparticles alone are barely occluded, while only very weakly fluorescent calcite crystals are obtained when using just the fluorescein dye. This new 'Trojan Horse' strategy opens up a generic route for the efficient occlusion of various nanoparticles and organic molecules within inorganic host crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, South Yorkshire S3 7HF , Sheffield , UK . ;
| | - Daniel J Whitaker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, South Yorkshire S3 7HF , Sheffield , UK . ;
| | - Charlotte J Mable
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, South Yorkshire S3 7HF , Sheffield , UK . ;
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, South Yorkshire S3 7HF , Sheffield , UK . ;
| | - Nicholas J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, South Yorkshire S3 7HF , Sheffield , UK . ;
| | - Alexander N Kulak
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - David C Green
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, South Yorkshire S3 7HF , Sheffield , UK . ;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marzec B, Green DC, Holden MA, Coté AS, Ihli J, Khalid S, Kulak A, Walker D, Tang C, Duffy DM, Kim Y, Meldrum FC. Amino Acid Assisted Incorporation of Dye Molecules within Calcite Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Marzec
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - David C. Green
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mark A. Holden
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Alexander S. Coté
- School of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Johannes Ihli
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Saba Khalid
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Alexander Kulak
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Daniel Walker
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Chiu Tang
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science & Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | - Dorothy M. Duffy
- School of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Yi‐Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marzec B, Green DC, Holden MA, Coté AS, Ihli J, Khalid S, Kulak A, Walker D, Tang C, Duffy DM, Kim YY, Meldrum FC. Amino Acid Assisted Incorporation of Dye Molecules within Calcite Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8623-8628. [PMID: 29790636 PMCID: PMC6055892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralisation processes invariably occur in the presence of multiple organic additives, which act in combination to give exceptional control over structures and properties. However, few synthetic studies have investigated the cooperative effects of soluble additives. This work addresses this challenge and focuses on the combined effects of amino acids and coloured dye molecules. The experiments demonstrate that strongly coloured calcite crystals only form in the presence of Brilliant Blue R (BBR) and four of the seventeen soluble amino acids, as compared with almost colourless crystals using the dye alone. The active amino acids are identified as those which themselves effectively occlude in calcite, suggesting a mechanism where they can act as chaperones for individual molecules or even aggregates of dyes molecules. These results provide new insight into crystal–additive interactions and suggest a novel strategy for generating materials with target properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Marzec
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander S Coté
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Johannes Ihli
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Saba Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Daniel Walker
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chiu Tang
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Dorothy M Duffy
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baldi E, Marino G, Toselli M, Marzadori C, Ciavatta C, Tavoni M, Di Giosia M, Calvaresi M, Falini G, Zerbetto F. Delivery systems for agriculture: Fe-EDDHSA/CaCO3 hybrid crystals as adjuvants for prevention of iron chlorosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1635-1638. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe-EDDHSA/CaCO3 hybrid crystals are synthesized and tested in vitro to determine their effect in treating iron chlorosis in kiwifruit plants, used as a proof of concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Baldi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale sull'Agroalimentare, Università di Bologna
- Cesena (FC)
- Italy
| | - Grazia Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Moreno Toselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Claudio Marzadori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Claudio Ciavatta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Marta Tavoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Occlusion of magnetic nanoparticles within calcium carbonate single crystals under external magnetic field. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work studied the growth of calcium carbonate single crystals on top of the monolayer of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with added external magnetic field. It showed that the occlusion process of the NPs into calcium carbonate single crystals varies as the force balance on the NPs shifts. Under no or weak magnetic field, the NPs are relatively mobile, the separation force from the substrate on NPs due to the growing calcium carbonate crystals is larger than the attraction force to the substrate by the magnetic field. The complete occlusion of the NPs into the single crystals is therefore observed. As the magnetic field strength increases, the balance shifts toward the attraction force. The mobility of NPs decreases and partial occlusion of the NPs into the single crystals is gradually observed. The findings in this study offer further insight into the occlusion process experienced by the NPs and also potential approach in engineering the force balance for the design and generation of composite materials that occlude foreign materials into their matrix.
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Upadhyaya L, Semsarilar M, Fernández-Pacheco R, Martinez G, Mallada R, Coelhoso IM, Portugal CAM, Crespo JG, Deratani A, Quemener D. Nano-structured magneto-responsive membranes from block copolymers and iron oxide nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01870j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of porous membranes from PMAA-b-PMMA copolymers and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their performance under magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmeesha Upadhyaya
- Institut Européen des Membranes/Université of Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Aragon Nanoscience Institute
- 50018 Zaragoza
| | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes/Université of Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
| | | | - Gema Martinez
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine
- CIBER-BBN
- 28029 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Reyes Mallada
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Aragon Nanoscience Institute
- 50018 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel M. Coelhoso
- LAQV - REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Carla A. M. Portugal
- LAQV - REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - João G. Crespo
- LAQV - REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - André Deratani
- Institut Européen des Membranes/Université of Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
| | - Damien Quemener
- Institut Européen des Membranes/Université of Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Green DC, Ihli J, Thornton PD, Holden MA, Marzec B, Kim YY, Kulak AN, Levenstein MA, Tang C, Lynch C, Webb SED, Tynan CJ, Meldrum FC. 3D visualization of additive occlusion and tunable full-spectrum fluorescence in calcite. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13524. [PMID: 27857076 PMCID: PMC5120221 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
From biomineralization to synthesis, organic additives provide an effective means of controlling crystallization processes. There is growing evidence that these additives are often occluded within the crystal lattice. This promises an elegant means of creating nanocomposites and tuning physical properties. Here we use the incorporation of sulfonated fluorescent dyes to gain new understanding of additive occlusion in calcite (CaCO3), and to link morphological changes to occlusion mechanisms. We demonstrate that these additives are incorporated within specific zones, as defined by the growth conditions, and show how occlusion can govern changes in crystal shape. Fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime imaging microscopy also show that the dyes experience unique local environments within different zones. Our strategy is then extended to simultaneously incorporate mixtures of dyes, whose fluorescence cascade creates calcite nanoparticles that fluoresce white. This offers a simple strategy for generating biocompatible and stable fluorescent nanoparticles whose output can be tuned as required. Introducing organic guests to a crystal is a convenient way to tailor its properties. Here, the authors occlude fluorescent dyes within calcite to reveal that additives can occupy distinct zones of a crystal, and strategically embed green, blue, and red dyes to create white fluorescent calcite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Johannes Ihli
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul D Thornton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Bartosz Marzec
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alex N Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark A Levenstein
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chiu Tang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Christophe Lynch
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Stephen E D Webb
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Upadhyaya L, Semsarilar M, Nehache S, Cot D, Fernández-Pacheco R, Martinez G, Mallada R, Deratani A, Quemener D. Nanostructured Mixed Matrix Membranes from Supramolecular Assembly of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmeesha Upadhyaya
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Campus Río Ebro, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, SPAIN
- Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabrina Nehache
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Cot
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Pacheco
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Campus Río Ebro, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, SPAIN
| | - Gema Martinez
- Networking
Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Campus Río Ebro, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, SPAIN
| | - Reyes Mallada
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Campus Río Ebro, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, SPAIN
| | - André Deratani
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Quemener
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ning Y, Fielding LA, Ratcliffe LPD, Wang YW, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Occlusion of Sulfate-Based Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles within Calcite: Effect of Varying the Surface Density of Anionic Stabilizer Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11734-42. [PMID: 27509298 PMCID: PMC5025825 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polymerization-induced
self-assembly (PISA) offers a highly versatile
and efficient route to a wide range of organic nanoparticles. In this
article, we demonstrate for the first time that poly(ammonium 2-sulfatoethyl
methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) [PSEM–PBzMA] diblock
copolymer nanoparticles can be prepared with either a high or low
PSEM stabilizer surface density using either RAFT dispersion polymerization
in a 2:1 v/v ethanol/water mixture or RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization,
respectively. We then use these model nanoparticles to gain new insight
into a key topic in materials chemistry: the occlusion of organic
additives into inorganic crystals. Substantial differences are observed
for the extent of occlusion of these two types of anionic nanoparticles
into calcite (CaCO3), which serves as a suitable model
host crystal. A low PSEM stabilizer surface density leads to uniform
nanoparticle occlusion within calcite at up to 7.5% w/w (16% v/v),
while minimal occlusion occurs when using nanoparticles with a high
PSEM stabilizer surface density. This counter-intuitive observation
suggests that an optimum anionic surface density is required for efficient
occlusion, which provides a hitherto unexpected design rule for the
incorporation of nanoparticles within crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.,The School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Liam P D Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Yun-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim YY, Carloni JD, Demarchi B, Sparks D, Reid DG, Kunitake ME, Tang CC, Duer MJ, Freeman CL, Pokroy B, Penkman K, Harding JH, Estroff LA, Baker SP, Meldrum FC. Tuning hardness in calcite by incorporation of amino acids. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:903-910. [PMID: 27135858 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Structural biominerals are inorganic/organic composites that exhibit remarkable mechanical properties. However, the structure-property relationships of even the simplest building unit-mineral single crystals containing embedded macromolecules-remain poorly understood. Here, by means of a model biomineral made from calcite single crystals containing glycine (0-7 mol%) or aspartic acid (0-4 mol%), we elucidate the origin of the superior hardness of biogenic calcite. We analysed lattice distortions in these model crystals by using X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations, and by means of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance show that the amino acids are incorporated as individual molecules. We also demonstrate that nanoindentation hardness increased with amino acid content, reaching values equivalent to their biogenic counterparts. A dislocation pinning model reveals that the enhanced hardness is determined by the force required to cut covalent bonds in the molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joseph D Carloni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 214 Bard Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Beatrice Demarchi
- BioArCh, Departments of Chemistry and Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David Sparks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Miki E Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 214 Bard Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Colin L Freeman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Kirsty Penkman
- BioArCh, Departments of Chemistry and Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - John H Harding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 214 Bard Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, 420 Physical Sciences Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Shefford P Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 214 Bard Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gasser CA, Ammann EM, Schäffer A, Shahgaldian P, Corvini PFX. Production of superparamagnetic nanobiocatalysts for green chemistry applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7281-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
43
|
Ning Y, Fielding LA, Doncom KE, Penfold NJW, Kulak AN, Matsuoka H, Armes SP. Incorporating Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles into Calcite Crystals: Do Anionic Carboxylate Groups Alone Ensure Efficient Occlusion? ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:311-315. [PMID: 27042383 PMCID: PMC4810755 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New spherical diblock copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) at 70 °C and 20% w/w solids using either poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) or poly(proline methacrylate) as the steric stabilizer block. Both of these stabilizers contain carboxylic acid groups, but poly(proline methacrylate) is anionic above pH 9.2, whereas poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) has zwitterionic character at this pH. When calcite crystals are grown at an initial pH of 9.5 in the presence of these two types of nanoparticles, it is found that the anionic poly(proline methacrylate)-stabilized particles are occluded uniformly throughout the crystals (up to 6.8% by mass, 14.0% by volume). In contrast, the zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)-stabilized particles show no signs of occlusion into calcite crystals grown under identical conditions. The presence of carboxylic acid groups alone therefore does not guarantee efficient occlusion: overall anionic character is an additional prerequisite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ning
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
- The
School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Kay E.
B. Doncom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Kulak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
| | - Hideki Matsuoka
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rae Cho K, Kim YY, Yang P, Cai W, Pan H, Kulak AN, Lau JL, Kulshreshtha P, Armes SP, Meldrum FC, De Yoreo JJ. Direct observation of mineral-organic composite formation reveals occlusion mechanism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10187. [PMID: 26732046 PMCID: PMC4729825 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of inorganic materials with organic macromolecules enables organisms to create biominerals such as bones and seashells, where occlusion of biomacromolecules within individual crystals generates superior mechanical properties. Current understanding of this process largely comes from studying the entrapment of micron-size particles in cooling melts. Here, by investigating micelle incorporation in calcite with atomic force microscopy and micromechanical simulations, we show that different mechanisms govern nanoscale occlusion. By simultaneously visualizing the micelles and propagating step edges, we demonstrate that the micelles experience significant compression during occlusion, which is accompanied by cavity formation. This generates local lattice strain, leading to enhanced mechanical properties. These results give new insight into the formation of occlusions in natural and synthetic crystals, and will facilitate the synthesis of multifunctional nanocomposite crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Rae Cho
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Haihua Pan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | - Jolene L. Lau
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Prashant Kulshreshtha
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - James J. De Yoreo
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Hanisch A, Yang P, Kulak AN, Fielding LA, Meldrum FC, Armes SP. Phosphonic Acid-Functionalized Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: Synthesis, Characterization, and Occlusion into Calcite Crystals. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hanisch
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Alexander N. Kulak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sergeeva A, Sergeev R, Lengert E, Zakharevich A, Parakhonskiy B, Gorin D, Sergeev S, Volodkin D. Composite Magnetite and Protein Containing CaCO3 Crystals. External Manipulation and Vaterite → Calcite Recrystallization-Mediated Release Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21315-25. [PMID: 26348458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility and high loading capacity of mesoporous CaCO3 vaterite crystals give an option to utilize the polycrystals for a wide range of (bio)applications. Formation and transformations of calcium carbonate polymorphs have been studied for decades, aimed at both basic and applied research interests. Here, composite multilayer-coated calcium carbonate polycrystals containing Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles and model protein lysozyme are fabricated. The structure of the composite polycrystals and vaterite → calcite recrystallization kinetics are studied. The recrystallization results in release of both loaded protein and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (magnetic manipulation is thus lost). Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhance the recrystallization that can be induced by reduction of the local pH with citric acid and reduction of the polycrystal crystallinity. Oppositely, the layer-by-layer assembled poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) polyelectrolyte coating significantly inhibits the vaterite → calcite recrystallization (from hours to days) most likely due to suppression of the ion exchange giving an option to easily tune the release kinetics for a wide time scale, for example, for prolonged release. Moreover, the recrystallization of the coated crystals results in formulation of multilayer capsules keeping the feature of external manipulation. This study can help to design multifunctional microstructures with tailor-made characteristics for loading and controlled release as well as for external manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sergeeva
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) , Am Muelenberg 13, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman Sergeev
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lengert
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, RAS , Leninskii prospekt 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Sergey Sergeev
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) , Am Muelenberg 13, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ning Y, Fielding LA, Andrews TS, Growney DJ, Armes SP. Sulfate-based anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles for efficient occlusion within zinc oxide. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6691-6702. [PMID: 25799462 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00535c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Occlusion of copolymer particles within inorganic crystalline hosts not only provides a model for understanding the crystallisation process, but also may offer a direct route for the preparation of novel nanocomposite materials with emergent properties. In the present paper, a series of new well-defined anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles are synthesised by polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous emulsion polymerisation and then evaluated as crystal habit modifiers for the in situ formation of ZnO in aqueous solution. Systematic studies indicate that both the chemical nature (i.e. whether sulfate-based or carboxylate-based) and the mean degree of polymerisation (DP) of the anionic stabiliser block play vital roles in determining the crystal morphology. In particular, sulfate-functionalised nanoparticles are efficiently incorporated within the ZnO crystals whereas carboxylate-functionalised nanoparticles are excluded, thus anionic character is a necessary but not sufficient condition for successful occlusion. Moreover, the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within the ZnO phase can be as high as 23% by mass depending on the sulfate-based nanoparticle concentration. The optical properties, chemical composition and crystal structure of the resulting nanocomposite crystals are evaluated and an occlusion mechanism is proposed based on the observed evolution of the ZnO morphology in the presence of sulfate-based anionic nanoparticles. Finally, controlled deposition of a 5 nm gold sol onto porous ZnO particles (produced after calcination of the organic nanoparticles) significantly enhances the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of a model rhodamine B dye on exposure to a relatively weak UV source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen L, Ye T, Jin X, Ren J, Huang B, Xu ZK, Chen H, Li H. Gel network incorporation into single crystals grown by decomplexation method. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Croisier F, Sibret P, Dupont-Gillain CC, Genet MJ, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Chitosan-coated electrospun nanofibers with antibacterial activity. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3508-3517. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charged poly(ε-caprolactone)-based nanofibers electrospun in the presence of a methacrylic random or block copolymer were layer-coated with chitosan providing efficient bactericidal membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Croisier
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liège
- Liège
- Belgium
| | - Pierre Sibret
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liège
- Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christine C. Dupont-Gillain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences – Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Michel J. Genet
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences – Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liège
- Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liège
- Liège
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|