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Gao Y, Wang J, Chen M, Zhang C, Qiu K, Khalifa MA, Luo J, Chang X, Zheng G, Ding W, Sheng Z. Key influence factors in magneto-controlled motion of micro-nano graphite flakes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:385707. [PMID: 38861960 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Magneto-controlling micro-nano materials' motion is a promising way that enable the noncontact, remote, and nondestructive controlling of their macrostructure as well as functionalities. Here, an optical microscope with an electromagnet was constructed toin-situmonitor the magneto-controlled motion process microscopically. Taking micro-nano graphite flake (MGF) as a model system, we experimentally demonstrate the key factors that influence the magneto-controlling of materials' motion. First, the product of intensity and gradient of the magnetic field (B∇B) has been confirmed as the dominant driving force and the flipping direction of the MGFs is accordingly determined by the vector direction ofB×∇B. Second, quantitatively comparative experiments further revealed that the threshold driving force has an exponential relationship with the structural aspect ratio (b/a) of MGFs. Third, the critical magneto-driving force is found as proportional to the viscosity of the solvent. Accordingly, a dynamic model is developed that describes the flip of the diamagnetic flake under external magnetic field excitation considering the shape factor. It is shown experimentally that the model accurately predicts the flip dynamics of the flake under different magnetic field conditions. In addition, we also discovered the delay effect, multiple cycle acceleration effect, and the fatigue effects due to gas adsorption in magneto-controlled MGFs flipping. These findings can be used to achieve magneto-controlling materials' macrostructure as well as their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Gao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsong Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianke Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Qiu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mahmoud A Khalifa
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Luo
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganhong Zheng
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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2
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Amaya AJ, Goldmann C, Hill EH. Thermophoresis-Induced Polymer-Driven Destabilization of Gold Nanoparticles for Optically Directed Assembly at Interfaces. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400828. [PMID: 38958377 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The limitations of conventional template-based methods for the deposition of nanoparticle assemblies into defined patterns on solid substrates call for the development of techniques that do not require templates or lithographic masks. The use of optically-induced thermal gradients to drive the migration of colloids toward or away from a laser spot, known as opto-thermophoresis, has shown promise for the low-power trapping and optical manipulation of a variety of colloidal species. However, the printing of colloids using this technique has so far not been established. Herein, a method for the optically directed printing of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold nanospheres is reported. The thermophoresis of the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone and gold nanospheres toward a laser spot led to the deposition of nanoparticle aggregates, capable of serving as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates. The influence of heating laser power and the concentrations of polymer, salt, and surfactant on the nanoparticle deposition rate and structure of the printed pattern are studied, showing that a variety of conditions can permit printing, suggesting facile generalization to different nanoparticle compositions, sizes, and shapes. These findings will greatly benefit future efforts for directed nanoparticle assembly, and drive applications in sensing, photothermal heating, and relevant applications in biomedicine and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez Amaya
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claire Goldmann
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Eric H Hill
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chausee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Orbán Á, Schumacher JJ, Mucza S, Strinic A, Molnár P, Babai R, Halbritter A, Vértessy BG, Karl S, Krohns S, Kézsmárki I. Magneto-optical assessment of Plasmodium parasite growth via hemozoin crystal size. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14318. [PMID: 38906910 PMCID: PMC11192761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemozoin is a natural biomarker formed during the hemoglobin metabolism of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. The rotating-crystal magneto-optical detection (RMOD) has been developed for its rapid and sensitive detection both in cell cultures and patient samples. In the current article we demonstrate that, besides quantifying the overall concentration of hemozoin produced by the parasites, RMOD can also track the size distribution of the hemozoin crystals. We establish the relations between the magneto-optical signal, the mean parasite age and the median crystal size throughout one erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, where the latter two are determined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The significant correlation between the magneto-optical signal and the stage distribution of the parasites indicates that the RMOD method can be utilized for species-specific malaria diagnosis and for the quick assessment of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Orbán
- Department of Physics, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary.
| | - Jan-Jonas Schumacher
- Experimental Physics 5, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Szilvia Mucza
- Department of Physics, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Ana Strinic
- Experimental Physics 5, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Petra Molnár
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Réka Babai
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - András Halbritter
- Department of Physics, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Stephan Karl
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, 511, Papua New Guinea
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLS, Australia
| | - Stephan Krohns
- Experimental Physics 5, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - István Kézsmárki
- Experimental Physics 5, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
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4
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Wang G, Nowakowski P, Farahmand Bafi N, Midtvedt B, Schmidt F, Callegari A, Verre R, Käll M, Dietrich S, Kondrat S, Volpe G. Nanoalignment by critical Casimir torques. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5086. [PMID: 38876993 PMCID: PMC11178905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of microscopic objects requires precise and controllable forces and torques. Recent advances have led to the use of critical Casimir forces as a powerful tool, which can be finely tuned through the temperature of the environment and the chemical properties of the involved objects. For example, these forces have been used to self-organize ensembles of particles and to counteract stiction caused by Casimir-Liftshitz forces. However, until now, the potential of critical Casimir torques has been largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that critical Casimir torques can efficiently control the alignment of microscopic objects on nanopatterned substrates. We show experimentally and corroborate with theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations that circular patterns on a substrate can stabilize the position and orientation of microscopic disks. By making the patterns elliptical, such microdisks can be subject to a torque which flips them upright while simultaneously allowing for more accurate control of the microdisk position. More complex patterns can selectively trap 2D-chiral particles and generate particle motion similar to non-equilibrium Brownian ratchets. These findings provide new opportunities for nanotechnological applications requiring precise positioning and orientation of microscopic objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowakowski
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- IV th Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Group of Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nima Farahmand Bafi
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- IV th Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benjamin Midtvedt
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Falko Schmidt
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Enginnering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agnese Callegari
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- IV th Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Svyatoslav Kondrat
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- IV th Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Lin J, Cong Q, Zhang D. Magnetic Microrobots for In Vivo Cargo Delivery: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:664. [PMID: 38793237 PMCID: PMC11123378 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots, with their small size and agile maneuverability, are well-suited for navigating the intricate and confined spaces within the human body. In vivo cargo delivery within the context of microrobotics involves the use of microrobots to transport and administer drugs and cells directly to the targeted regions within a living organism. The principal aim is to enhance the precision, efficiency, and safety of therapeutic interventions. Despite their potential, there is a shortage of comprehensive reviews on the use of magnetic microrobots for in vivo cargo delivery from both research and engineering perspectives, particularly those published after 2019. This review addresses this gap by disentangling recent advancements in magnetic microrobots for in vivo cargo delivery. It summarizes their actuation platforms, structural designs, cargo loading and release methods, tracking methods, navigation algorithms, and degradation and retrieval methods. Finally, it highlights potential research directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current landscape of magnetic microrobot technologies for in vivo cargo delivery. It highlights their present implementation methods, capabilities, and prospective research directions. The review also examines significant innovations and inherent challenges in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.L.); (Q.C.)
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6
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Xu R, Xu Q. A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:468. [PMID: 38675279 PMCID: PMC11052276 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Magnetically actuated microrobots have become a research hotspot in recent years due to their tiny size, untethered control, and rapid response capability. Moreover, an increasing number of researchers are applying them for micro-/nano-manipulation in the biomedical field. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in magnetic microrobots, focusing on materials, propulsion mechanisms, design strategies, fabrication techniques, and diverse micro-/nano-manipulation applications. The exploration of magnetic materials, biosafety considerations, and propulsion methods serves as a foundation for the diverse designs discussed in this review. The paper delves into the design categories, encompassing helical, surface, ciliary, scaffold, and biohybrid microrobots, with each demonstrating unique capabilities. Furthermore, various fabrication techniques, including direct laser writing, glancing angle deposition, biotemplating synthesis, template-assisted electrochemical deposition, and magnetic self-assembly, are examined owing to their contributions to the realization of magnetic microrobots. The potential impact of magnetic microrobots across multidisciplinary domains is presented through various application areas, such as drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery, cell manipulation, and environmental remediation. This review highlights a comprehensive summary of the current challenges, hurdles to overcome, and future directions in magnetic microrobot research across different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingsong Xu
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China;
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7
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Rikken RSM, Kleuskens S, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Engelkamp H, Nolte RJM, Maan JC, van Hest JCM, Wilson DA, Christianen PCM. The average magnetic anisotropy of polystyrene in polymersomes self-assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)- b-polystyrene. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:730-737. [PMID: 38117161 PMCID: PMC10806999 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01333b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Using the diamagnetic anisotropy of polymers for the characterization of polymers and polymer aggregates is a relatively new approach in the field of soft-matter and polymer research. So far, a good and thorough quantitative description of these diamagnetic properties has been lacking. Using a simple equation that links the magnetic properties of an average polymer repeating unit to those of the polymer vesicle of any shape, we measured, using magnetic birefringence, the average diamagnetic anisotropy of a polystyrene (PS) repeating unit, ΔχPS, inside a poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene (PEG-PS) polymersome membrane as a function of the PS-length and as a function of the preparation method. All obtained values of ΔχPS have a negative sign which results in polymers tending to align perpendicular to an applied magnetic field. Combined, the same order of magnitude of ΔχPS (10-12 m3 mol-1) for all polymersome shapes proves that the individual polymers are organized similarly regardless of the PS length and polymersome shape. Furthermore, the value found is only a fraction (∼1%) of what it can maximally be due to the random coiling of the polymers. We, therefore, predict that further ordering of the polymers within the membrane could lead to similar responses at much lower magnetic fields, possibly obtainable with permanent magnets, which would be highly advantageous for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S M Rikken
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kleuskens
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Engelkamp
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Maan
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Rathnam SS, Deepak T, Sahoo BN, Meena T, Singh Y, Joshi A. Metallic Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Peptides: Emerging Solutions Addressing the Delivery Challenges in Brain Ailments. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:39-53. [PMID: 37875308 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have recently emerged as efficient therapeutic alternatives to conventional therapies. Although they emerged a few decades back, extensive exploration of various ailments or disorders began recently. The drawbacks of current chemotherapies and irradiation treatments, such as drug resistance and damage to healthy tissues, have enabled the rise of peptides in the quest for better prospects. The chemical tunability and smaller size make them easy to design selectively for target tissues. Other remarkable properties include antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, protection from hemorrhage stroke, and as therapeutic agents for gastric disorders and Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Despite these unmatched properties, their practical applicability is often hindered due to their weak susceptibility to enzymatic digestion, serum degradation, liver metabolism, kidney clearance, and immunogenic reactions. Several methods are adapted to increase the half-life of peptides, such as chemical modifications, fusing with Fc fragment, change in amino acid composition, and carrier-based delivery. Among these, nanocarrier-mediated encapsulation not only increases the half-life of the peptides in vivo but also aids in the targeted delivery. Despite its structural complexity, they also efficiently deliver therapeutic molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Here, in this review, we tried to emphasize the possible potentiality of metallic nanoparticles to be used as an efficient peptide delivery system against brain tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this review, we have emphasized the various therapeutic applications of peptides/proteins, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. We also focused on these peptides' challenges under physiological conditions after administration. We highlighted the importance and potentiality of metallic nanocarriers in the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, increasing the stability and half-life of peptides, their efficiency in targeting the delivery, and their diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmuga Sharan Rathnam
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (S.S.R., B.N.S., T.M., Y.S., A.J.), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India and Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering (T.D.), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Thirumalai Deepak
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (S.S.R., B.N.S., T.M., Y.S., A.J.), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India and Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering (T.D.), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Badri Narayana Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (S.S.R., B.N.S., T.M., Y.S., A.J.), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India and Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering (T.D.), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Tanishq Meena
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (S.S.R., B.N.S., T.M., Y.S., A.J.), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India and Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering (T.D.), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (S.S.R., B.N.S., T.M., Y.S., A.J.), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India and Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering (T.D.), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (S.S.R., B.N.S., T.M., Y.S., A.J.), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India and Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering (T.D.), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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9
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Manna G, Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Orientational ordering and assembly of silica-nickel Janus particles in a magnetic field. IUCRJ 2024; 11:109-119. [PMID: 38099813 PMCID: PMC10833383 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252301000x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The orientation ordering and assembly behavior of silica-nickel Janus particles in a static external magnetic field were probed by ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). Even in a weak applied field, the net magnetic moments of the individual particles aligned in the direction of the field, as indicated by the anisotropy in the recorded USAXS patterns. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements on these suspensions revealed that the corresponding particle dynamics are primarily Brownian diffusion [Zinn, Sharpnack & Narayanan (2023). Soft Matter, 19, 2311-2318]. At higher fields, the magnetic forces led to chain-like configurations of particles, as indicated by an additional feature in the USAXS pattern. A theoretical framework is provided for the quantitative interpretation of the observed anisotropic scattering diagrams and the corresponding degree of orientation. No anisotropy was detected when the magnetic field was applied along the beam direction, which is also replicated by the model. The method presented here could be useful for the interpretation of oriented scattering patterns from a wide variety of particulate systems. The combination of USAXS and XPCS is a powerful approach for investigating asymmetric colloidal particles in external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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10
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Lu JY. Modulation of Point Spread Function for Super-Resolution Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2024; 71:153-171. [PMID: 37988211 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2023.3335883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
High image resolution is desired in wave-related areas such as ultrasound, acoustics, optics, and electromagnetics. However, the spatial resolution of an imaging system is limited by the spatial frequency of the point spread function (PSF) of the system due to diffraction. In this article, the PSF is modulated in amplitude, phase, or both to increase the spatial frequency to reconstruct super-resolution images of objects or wave sources/fields, where the modulator can be a focused shear wave produced remotely by, for example, a radiation force from a focused Bessel beam or X-wave, or can be a small particle manipulated remotely by a radiation-force (such as acoustic and optical tweezers) or electrical and magnetic forces. A theory of the PSF-modulation method was developed, and computer simulations and experiments were conducted. The result of an ultrasound experiment shows that a pulse-echo (two-way) image reconstructed has a super-resolution (0.65 mm) as compared to the diffraction limit (2.65 mm) using a 0.5-mm-diameter modulator at 1.483-mm wavelength, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the image was about 31 dB. If the minimal SNR of a "visible" image is 3, the resolution can be further increased to about 0.19 mm by decreasing the size of the modulator. Another ultrasound experiment shows that a wave source was imaged (one-way) at about 30-dB SNR using the same modulator size and wavelength above. The image clearly separated two 0.5-mm spaced lines, which gives a 7.26-fold higher resolution than that of the diffraction limit (3.63 mm). Although, in theory, the method has no limit on the highest achievable image resolution, in practice, the resolution is limited by noises. Also, a PSF-weighted super-resolution imaging method based on the PSF-modulation method was developed. This method is easier to implement but may have some limitations. Finally, the methods above can be applied to imaging systems of an arbitrary PSF and can produce 4-D super-resolution images. With a proper choice of a modulator (e.g., a quantum dot) and imaging system, nanoscale (a few nanometers) imaging is possible.
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11
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Chen B, Sun H, Zhang J, Xu J, Song Z, Zhan G, Bai X, Feng L. Cell-Based Micro/Nano-Robots for Biomedical Applications: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304607. [PMID: 37653591 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-robots are powerful tools for biomedical applications and are applied in disease diagnosis, tumor imaging, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. Among the various types of micro-robots, cell-based micro-robots exhibit unique properties because of their different cell sources. In combination with various actuation methods, particularly externally propelled methods, cell-based microrobots have enormous potential for biomedical applications. This review introduces recent progress and applications of cell-based micro/nano-robots. Different actuation methods for micro/nano-robots are summarized, and cell-based micro-robots with different cell templates are introduced. Furthermore, the review focuses on the combination of cell-based micro/nano-robots with precise control using different external fields. Potential challenges, further prospects, and clinical translations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zeyu Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guangdong Zhan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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12
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Lee JJ, Fite MC, Imae T, Lee PF. Movements of Magnetite-Encapsulated Graphene Particles at Air-Water Interface and Their Cell Growths under Dynamic Magnetic Field. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2806. [PMID: 37887956 PMCID: PMC10609515 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The motion of magnetic particles under magnetic fields is an object to be solved in association with basic and practical phenomena. Movement phenomena of magnetite-encapsulated graphene particles at air-water interfaces were evaluated by manufacturing a feedback control system of the magnetic field to cause the motion of particles due to magnetic torque. A homogeneous magnetic field was generated using two pairs of electromagnets located perpendicular to each other, which were connected to an electronic switch. The system influenced the translational movement and the self-rotational speed of magnetic particles located at a center on the surface of fluid media in a continuous duty cycle. Operating the particle at a remote control in the same duty cycle at the air-water surface, the short and elongated magnetic particles successfully rotated. In addition, the rotational speed of the curved particle was slower than that of the elongated particle. The results indicate that the translational and self-rotational movements of magnetite-encapsulated graphene particles at the air-water interface under the external magnetic field are size- and shape-dependent for the speed and the direction. A short magnetic particle was used as a target particle to rotate on cancer cell lines, aiming to study the advantage of this method to induce the growth of HeLa cells. It was monitored for up to 4 days with and without magnetic particles by checking the viability and morphology of cells before and after the electromagnetic treatment. As an outcome, the movement of magnetic particles reduced the number of biological cells, at least on HeLa cells, but it was inactive on the viability of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ji Lee
- Lee Kong Chien Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Misganu Chewaka Fite
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Lee Kong Chien Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
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13
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Wang Y, Chen J, Su G, Mei J, Li J. A Review of Single-Cell Microrobots: Classification, Driving Methods and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1710. [PMID: 37763873 PMCID: PMC10537272 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell microrobots are new microartificial devices that use a combination of single cells and artificial devices, with the advantages of small size, easy degradation and ease of manufacture. With externally driven strategies such as light fields, sound fields and magnetic fields, microrobots are able to carry out precise micromanipulations and movements in complex microenvironments. Therefore, single-cell microrobots have received more and more attention and have been greatly developed in recent years. In this paper, we review the main classifications, control methods and recent advances in the field of single-cell microrobot applications. First, different types of robots, such as cell-based microrobots, bacteria-based microrobots, algae-based microrobots, etc., and their design strategies and fabrication processes are discussed separately. Next, three types of external field-driven technologies, optical, acoustic and magnetic, are presented and operations realized in vivo and in vitro by applying these three technologies are described. Subsequently, the results achieved by these robots in the fields of precise delivery, minimally invasive therapy are analyzed. Finally, a short summary is given and current challenges and future work on microbial-based robotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junyang Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (G.S.); (J.M.)
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14
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Zhang B, Jiang X. Magnetic Nanoparticles Mediated Thrombolysis-A Review. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 4:109-132. [PMID: 38111792 PMCID: PMC10727495 DOI: 10.1109/ojnano.2023.3273921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles containing thrombolytic medicines have been developed for thrombolysis applications in response to the increasing demand for effective, targeted treatment of thrombosis disease. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in nanoparticles that can be navigated and driven by a magnetic field. However, there are few review publications concerning the application of magnetic nanoparticles in thrombolysis. In this study, we examine the current state of magnetic nanoparticles in the application of in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis under a static or dynamic magnetic field, as well as the combination of magnetic nanoparticles with an acoustic field for dual-mode thrombolysis. We also discuss four primary processes of magnetic nanoparticles mediated thrombolysis, including magnetic nanoparticle targeting, magnetic nanoparticle trapping, magnetic drug release, and magnetic rupture of blood clot fibrin networks. This review will offer unique insights for the future study and clinical development of magnetic nanoparticles mediated thrombolysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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15
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Cai G, Yang Z, Chen YC, Huang Y, Liang L, Feng S, Zhao J. Magnetic Bead Manipulation in Microfluidic Chips for Biological Application. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0023. [PMID: 37287460 PMCID: PMC10243203 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic beads manipulation in microfluidic chips is a promising research field for biological application, especially in the detection of biological targets. In this review, we intend to present a thorough and in-depth overview of recent magnetic beads manipulation in microfluidic chips and its biological application. First, we introduce the mechanism of magnetic manipulation in microfluidic chip, including force analysis, particle properties, and surface modification. Then, we compare some existing methods of magnetic manipulation in microfluidic chip and list their biological application. Besides, the suggestions and outlook for future developments in the magnetic manipulation system are also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhe Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering,
Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Life Sciences,
Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
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16
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Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Dynamics of magnetic Janus colloids studied by ultra small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2311-2318. [PMID: 36415911 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The orientation behavior and the translational dynamics of spherical magnetic silica-nickel Janus colloids in an external magnetic field have been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at ultra small-angles. For weak applied fields and at low volume fractions, the particle dynamics is dominated by Brownian motion even though the net magnetic moments of the individual particles are aligned in the direction of the field as indicated by the anisotropy in the small-angle scattering patterns. For higher fields the magnetic forces result in more complex structural changes with nickel caps of Janus particles pointing predominantly along the applied magnetic field. The alignment ultimately leads to chain-like configurations and the intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions, g2(q,t), show a second slower decay which becomes more pronounced at higher volume fractions. A direction dependent analysis of g2(q,t) revealed a faster than exponential decay perpendicular to the field which is related to the sedimentation of magnetically ordered domains. The corresponding velocity fluctuations could be decoupled from the diffusion of particles by decomposing g2(q,t) into advective and diffusive contributions. Finally, the particle dynamics becomes anisotropic at higher volume fractions and strong magnetic fields. The derived translational diffusion coefficients indicate slower particle dynamics perpendicular to the field as compared to the parallel direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zinn
- The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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17
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Zhou S, Zhao W, Hu J, Mao C, Zhou M. Application of Nanotechnology in Thrombus Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202578. [PMID: 36507827 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A thrombus is a blood clot that forms in the lumen of an artery or vein, restricting blood flow and causing clinical symptoms. Thrombosis is associated with many life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. However, current clinical therapeutic technologies still have many problems in targeting, enrichment, penetration, and safety to meet the thrombosis treatment needs. Therefore, researchers devote themselves to developing nanosystems loaded with antithrombotic drugs to address this paradox in recent years. Herein, the existing thrombosis treatment technologies are first reviewed; and then, their advantages and disadvantages are outlined based on a brief discussion of thrombosis's definition and formation mechanism. Furthermore, the need and application cases for introducing nanotechnology are discussed, focusing on thrombus-specific targeted ligand modification technology and microenvironment-triggered responsive drug release technology. Then, nanomaterials that can be used to design antithrombotic nanotherapeutic systems are summarized. Moreover, a variety of drug delivery technologies driven by nanomotors in thrombosis therapy is also introduced. Last of all, a prospective discussion on the future development of nanotechnology for thrombosis therapy is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
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18
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Thelen T, Jara A, Torres-Díaz I. Synergistic interactions of binary suspensions of magnetic anisotropic particles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:640-651. [PMID: 36594605 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of the dipole-dipole interaction and shape anisotropy in suspensions of permanently magnetized anisotropic particles. We quantify the dipolar interaction energy using an ellipsoid-dipole model to describe particles with similar or dissimilar shapes. The expression captures the physics of the point-dipole interaction energy between uniformly magnetized spherical particles. Additionally, we report Monte Carlo simulations to describe the effect of dipolar interaction and shape anisotropy under different field strengths. Results show that the shape anisotropy and dipolar interactions modify the head-to-tail interaction with respect to spheres, promoting dendritic and barbed-wire structures in uniform ellipsoids and binary mixtures, respectively. Furthermore, competing entropic and energy interactions generate a synergistic effect reducing the magnetic response of binary suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thelen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Adriana Jara
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Isaac Torres-Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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19
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Sierra-Romero A, Novakovic K, Geoghegan M. Adhesive Interfaces toward a Zero-Waste Industry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15476-15493. [PMID: 36475727 PMCID: PMC9776538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article evaluates ongoing efforts to adapt adhesives toward the goal of zero-waste living and suggests the most promising future directions. Adhesives are not always considered in zero-waste manufacturing because they represent only a small fraction of a product and offer no additional functionality. However, their presence restricts the reintegration of constituent parts into a circular economy, so a new generation of adhesives is required. Furthermore, their production often leads to harmful pollutants. Here, two main approaches toward addressing these problems are considered: first, the use of natural materials that replace petroleum-based polymers from which conventional adhesives are made and second, the production of dismantlable adhesives capable of debonding on demand with the application of an external stimulus. These approaches, either individually or combined, offer a new paradigm in zero-waste industrial production and consumer applications.
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20
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Chesnitskiy AV, Gayduk AE, Seleznev VA, Prinz VY. Bio-Inspired Micro- and Nanorobotics Driven by Magnetic Field. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7781. [PMID: 36363368 PMCID: PMC9653604 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been explosive growth in the number of investigations devoted to the development and study of biomimetic micro- and nanorobots. The present review is dedicated to novel bioinspired magnetic micro- and nanodevices that can be remotely controlled by an external magnetic field. This approach to actuate micro- and nanorobots is non-invasive and absolutely harmless for living organisms in vivo and cell microsurgery, and is very promising for medicine in the near future. Particular attention has been paid to the latest advances in the rapidly developing field of designing polymer-based flexible and rigid magnetic composites and fabricating structures inspired by living micro-objects and organisms. The physical principles underlying the functioning of hybrid bio-inspired magnetic miniature robots, sensors, and actuators are considered in this review, and key practical applications and challenges are analyzed as well.
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21
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Roca-Bonet S, Wagner M, Ripoll M. Clustering of self-thermophilic asymmetric dimers: the relevance of hydrodynamics. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7741-7751. [PMID: 35916336 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-thermophilic dimers are characterized by a net phoretic attraction which, in combination with hydrodynamic interactions, results in the formation of crystalline-like aggregates. To distinguish the effect of the different contributions is frequently an important challenge. We present a simulation investigation done in parallel in the presence and the absence of hydrodynamic interactions for the case of asymmetric self-thermophoretic dimers. In the absence of hydrodynamics, the clusters have the standard heads-in configurations. In contrast, in the presence of hydrodynamics, clusters with heads-in conformation are being formed, in which dimers with their propulsion velocity pointing out of the cluster are assembled and stabilized by strong hydrodynamic osmotic flows. Significant variation in the material properties is to be expected from such differences in the collective behavior, whose understanding and control is of great relevance for the development of new synthetic active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Roca-Bonet
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Martin Wagner
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Marisol Ripoll
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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22
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Piao J, Liu L, Cai L, Ri HC, Jin X, Sun H, Piao X, Shang HB, Jin X, Pu Q, Cai Y, Yao Z, Nardiello D, Quinto M, Li D. High-Resolution Micro-object Separation by Rotating Magnetic Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11500-11507. [PMID: 35943850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new technologies for the separation, selection, and isolation of microparticles such as rare target cells, circulating tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and immune cells has become increasingly important in the last few years. Microparticle separation technologies are usually applied to the analysis of disease-associated cells, but these procedures often face a cell separation problem that is often insufficient for single specific cell analyses. To overcome these limitations, a highly accurate size-based microparticle separation technique, herein called "rotating magnetic chromatography", is proposed in this work. Magnetic nanoparticles, placed in a microfluidic separation channel, are forced to move in well-defined trajectories by an external magnetic field, colliding with microparticles that are in this way separated on the basis of their dimensions with high accuracy and reproducibility. The method was optimized by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified polystyrene particles (chosen as a reference standard) and then applied to the analysis of cancer cells like Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1, allowing their fast and high-resolution chromatographic separation as a function of their dimensions. Due to its unmatched sub-micrometer cell separation capabilities, RMC can be considered a break-through technique that can unlock new perspectives in different scientific fields, that is, in medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Piao
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Long Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hyok Chol Ri
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiangfan Piao
- Engineering College Department of Electronics, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hai-Bo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Cai
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin province 130012, China
| | - Zhongping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- DAFNE─Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China.,DAFNE─Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
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23
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Tang X, Manamanchaiyaporn L, Zhou Q, Huang C, Li L, Li Z, Wang L, Wang J, Ren L, Xu T, Yan X, Zheng Y. Synergistic Integration and Pharmacomechanical Function of Enzyme-Magnetite Nanoparticle Swarms for Low-Dose Fast Thrombolysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202848. [PMID: 35905497 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic micro-/nanoparticles are extensively explored over the past decade as active diagnostic/therapeutic agents for minimally invasive medicine. However, sufficient function integration on these miniaturized bodies toward practical applications remains challenging. This work proposes a synergistic strategy via integrating particle functionalization and bioinspired swarming, demonstrated by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator modified magnetite nanoparticles (rtPA-Fe3 O4 NPs) for fast thrombolysis in vivo with low drug dosage. The synthesized rtPA-Fe3 O4 NPs exhibit superior magnetic performance, high biocompatibility, and thrombolytic enzyme activity. Benefiting from a customized magnetic operation system designed for animal experiments and preclinical development, these agglomeration-free NPs can assemble into micro-/milli-scale swarms capable of robust maneuver and reconfigurable transformation for on-demand tasks in complex biofluids. Specifically, the spinning mode of the swarm exerts focused fluid shear stresses while rubbing on the thrombus surface, constituting a mechanical force for clot breakdown. The synergy of the NPs' inherent enzymatic effect and swarming-triggered fluid forces enables amplified efficacy of thrombolysis in an in vivo occlusion model of rabbit carotid artery, using lower drug concentration than clinical dosage. Furthermore, swarming-enhanced ultrasound signals aid in imaging-guided treatment. Therefore, the pharmacomechanical NP swarms herein represent an injectable thrombolytic tool joining advantages of intravenous drug therapy and robotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Tang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Center of Excellence in Creative Engineering Design and Development & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Laliphat Manamanchaiyaporn
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Center of Excellence in Creative Engineering Design and Development & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lihuang Li
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ziqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Longchen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jienan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Center of Excellence in Creative Engineering Design and Development & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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24
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Song S, Llopis-Lorente A, Mason AF, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Confined Motion: Motility of Active Microparticles in Cell-Sized Lipid Vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13831-13838. [PMID: 35867803 PMCID: PMC9354240 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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Active materials can transduce external energy into kinetic
energy
at the nano and micron length scales. This unique feature has sparked
much research, which ranges from achieving fundamental understanding
of their motility to the assessment of potential applications. Traditionally,
motility is studied as a function of internal features such as particle
topology, while external parameters such as energy source are assessed
mainly in bulk. However, in real-life applications, confinement plays
a crucial role in determining the type of motion active particles
can adapt. This feature has been however surprisingly underexplored
experimentally. Here, we showcase a tunable experimental platform
to gain an insight into the dynamics of active particles in environments
with restricted 3D topology. Particularly, we examined the autonomous
motion of coacervate micromotors confined in giant unilamellar vesicles
(GUVs) spanning 10–50 μm in diameter and varied parameters
including fuel and micromotor concentration. We observed anomalous
diffusion upon confinement, leading to decreased motility, which was
more pronounced in smaller compartments. The results indicate that
the theoretically predicted hydrodynamic effect dominates the motion
mechanism within this platform. Our study provides a versatile approach
to understand the behavior of active matter under controlled, compartmentalized
conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherland
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherland.,Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexander F Mason
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherland
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherland
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherland
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25
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Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071068. [PMID: 35888885 PMCID: PMC9324494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.
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26
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Magnetically aligned graphite flakes electrodes for excellent sensitive detection of hydroquinone and catechol. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Ivanov AO, Camp PJ. Effects of interactions, structure formation, and polydispersity on the dynamic magnetic susceptibility and magnetic relaxation of ferrofluids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Hussain SI, Mair LO, Willis AJ, Papavasiliou G, Liu B, Weinberg IN, Engelhard HH. Parallel Multichannel Assessment of Rotationally Manipulated Magnetic Nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2022; 15:1-15. [PMID: 35469141 PMCID: PMC9034901 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s358931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotational manipulation of chains or clusters of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offers a means for directed translation and payload delivery that should be explored for clinical use. Multiple MNP types are available, yet few studies have performed side-by-side comparisons to evaluate characteristics such as velocity, movement at a distance, and capacity for drug conveyance or dispersion. Purpose Our goal was to design, build, and study an electric device allowing simultaneous, multichannel testing (e.g., racing) of MNPs in response to a rotating magnetic field. We would then select the “best” MNP and use it with optimized device settings, to transport an unbound therapeutic agent. Methods A magnetomotive system was constructed, with a Helmholtz pair of coils on either side of a single perpendicular coil, on top of which was placed an acrylic tray having multiple parallel lanes. Five different MNPs were tested: graphene-coated cobalt MNPs (TurboBeads™), nickel nanorods, gold-iron alloy MNPs, gold-coated Fe3O4 MNPs, and uncoated Fe3O4 MNPs. Velocities were determined in response to varying magnetic field frequencies (5–200 Hz) and heights (0–18 cm). Velocities were normalized to account for minor lane differences. Doxorubicin was chosen as the therapeutic agent, assayed using a CLARIOstar Plus microplate reader. Results The MMS generated a maximal MNP velocity of 0.9 cm/s. All MNPs encountered a “critical” frequency at 20–30 Hz. Nickel nanorods had the optimal response based on tray height and were then shown to enable unbound doxorubicin dispersion along 10.5 cm in <30 sec. Conclusion A rotating magnetic field can be conveniently generated using a three-coil electromagnetic device, and used to induce rotational and translational movement of MNP aggregates over mesoscale distances. The responses of various MNPs can be compared side-by-side using multichannel acrylic trays to assess suitability for drug delivery, highlighting their potential for further in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed I Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.,NanoMagnetic Therapeutics Corp., Wilmette, IL, USA
| | - Lamar O Mair
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander J Willis
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- IMRA America, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,NanoMagnetic Therapeutics Corp., Wilmette, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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29
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Abstract
Progress in optical manipulation has stimulated remarkable advances in a wide range of fields, including materials science, robotics, medical engineering, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on an emerging class of optical manipulation techniques, termed heat-mediated optical manipulation. In comparison to conventional optical tweezers that rely on a tightly focused laser beam to trap objects, heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques exploit tailorable optothermo-matter interactions and rich mass transport dynamics to enable versatile control of matter of various compositions, shapes, and sizes. In addition to conventional tweezing, more distinct manipulation modes, including optothermal pulling, nudging, rotating, swimming, oscillating, and walking, have been demonstrated to enhance the functionalities using simple and low-power optics. We start with an introduction to basic physics involved in heat-mediated optical manipulation, highlighting major working mechanisms underpinning a variety of manipulation techniques. Next, we categorize the heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques based on different working mechanisms and discuss working modes, capabilities, and applications for each technique. We conclude this Review with our outlook on current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field of heat-mediated optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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30
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Yao J, Yao C, Zhang A, Xu X, Wu A, Yang F. Magnetomechanical force: an emerging paradigm for therapeutic applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7136-7147. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces, which play an profound role in cell fate regulation, have prompted the rapid development and popularization of mechanobiology. More recently, magnetic fields in combination with intelligent materials featuring...
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31
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Gong D, Yang F, Lin D, Qian W, Li R, Li C, Chen H, Jia S. Shape-programmable magneto-active elastomer composites for curve and biomimetic behavior imitation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10730-10735. [PMID: 34787153 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A programming methodology, which can be applied to soft-magnetic-material-based magneto-active elastomers (MAEs), to catch the predefined specific objective curves is proposed in this study. The objective curves have been equally separated into a couple of segments, which will be filled by the designed MAE elements. Furthermore, the designed MAE segments with different chain angles, in which the deformation orientation of each element under applied homogeneous magnetic fields has been investigated based on the designed experimental setup, are arrayed based on the proposed programming methodology to constitute the MAE composite to catch the orientation of the objective curve. The experimental results show that based on the proposed programming methodology, the MAE composites can describe different curves, which include harmonic, tangential and arc tangential functions under applied homogeneous magnetic fields with good agreement. Furthermore, on the basis of the proposed programming methodology, the MAE composites are utilized to mimic the typical biomimetic behavior (the peeking-up behavior of snakes and the flapping behavior of birds) with smooth curvature properties, in which the dynamic procedures present continuous curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gong
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Dezhao Lin
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbo Qian
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Ruihong Li
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Chenghong Li
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Jia
- Research Center for Intelligent Materials and Structures (CIMS), College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
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32
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Rusanov MS, Zverev VS, Elfimova EA. Dynamic magnetic susceptibility of a ferrofluid: The influence of interparticle interactions and ac field amplitude. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044604. [PMID: 34781481 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Based on numerical results of dynamic susceptibility, a simple theory of the dynamic response of a ferrofluid to an ac magnetic field is obtained that includes both the effects of interparticle dipole-dipole interactions and the dependence on field amplitude. Interparticle interactions are incorporated in the theory using the so-called modified mean-field approach. The new theory has the following important characteristics: in the noninteracting regime at a weak ac field, it gives the correct single-particle Debye theory results; it expands the applicability of known theories valid for high concentrations [Ivanov, Zverev, and Kantorovich, Soft Matter 12, 3507 (2016)10.1039/C5SM02679B] or large values of ac field amplitudes [Yoshida and Enpuku, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 127002 (2009)10.1143/JJAP.48.127002], in accordance with their applicability. The susceptibility spectra are analyzed in detail. It is demonstrated that interparticle dipole-dipole interactions and an increase in field amplitude have an opposite effect on the dynamic response of ferrofluids, so that at certain field amplitudes, relaxation processes in the system of interacting particles are determined by the characteristic relaxation times for an ideal paramagnetic gas. The new theory correctly predicts the dynamic susceptibility and characteristic relaxation times of a ferrofluid at high ac field amplitudes as long as the Langevin susceptibility χ_{L}≲1, which is a complex characteristic of ferrofluid density and the intensity of interparticle dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rusanov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Zverev
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Elfimova
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
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33
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Aziz SAA, Mazlan SA, Ubaidillah U, Mohamad N, Sedlacik M, Nordin NA, Nazmi N. Loss Factor Behavior of Thermally Aged Magnetorheological Elastomers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4874. [PMID: 34500964 PMCID: PMC8432649 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymer composites have been widely used as damping materials in various applications due to the ability of reducing the vibrations. However, the environmental and surrounding thermal exposure towards polymer composites have affected their mechanical properties and lifecycle. Therefore, this paper presents the effect of material-temperature dependence on the loss factor and phase shift angle characteristics. Two types of unageing and aging silicone-rubber-based magnetorheological elastomer (SR-MRE) with different concentrations of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), 30 and 60 wt%, are utilized in this study. The morphological, magnetic, and rheological properties related to the loss factor and phase shift angle are characterized using a low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer and rheometer, respectively. The morphological analysis of SR-MRE consisting of 30 wt% CIPs revealed a smoother surface area when compared to 60 wt% CIPs after thermal aging due to the improvement of CIPs dispersion in the presence of heat. Nevertheless, the rheological analysis demonstrated inimitable rheological properties due to different in-rubber structures, shear deformation condition, as well as the influence of magnetic field. No significant changes of loss factor occurred at a low CIPs concentration, whilst the loss factor increased at a higher CIPs concentration. On that basis, it has been determined that the proposed changes of the polymer chain network due to the long-term temperature exposure of different concentrations of CIPs might explain the unique rheological properties of the unaged and aged SR-MRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.A.A.A.); (S.A.M.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.A.A.A.); (S.A.M.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia;
| | - Norzilawati Mohamad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Michal Sedlacik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Nur Azmah Nordin
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.A.A.A.); (S.A.M.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.A.A.A.); (S.A.M.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
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Engineering Active Micro and Nanomotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060687. [PMID: 34208386 PMCID: PMC8231110 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) are micro/nanoparticles that can perform autonomous motion in complex fluids driven by different power sources. They have been attracting increasing attention due to their great potential in a variety of applications ranging from environmental science to biomedical engineering. Over the past decades, this field has evolved rapidly, with many significant innovations contributed by global researchers. In this review, we first briefly overview the methods used to propel motors and then present the main strategies used to design proper MNMs. Next, we highlight recent fascinating applications of MNMs in two examplary fields, water remediation and biomedical microrobots, and conclude this review with a brief discussion of challenges in the field.
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35
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Bian Y, Ding W, Hu L, Zhu X, Sun Y, Sheng Z. Magneto-Revealing and Acceleration of Hidden Kirkendall Effect in Galvanic Replacement Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5294-5300. [PMID: 34061538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rate and product control are crucial for a chemical process and are useful in a wide range of applications. Traditionally, thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature or pressure, have been used to control the chemical reactions. Here, by using the fabrication of a hollow MnxFeyO4 nanostructure as a model system, we report an experimental tuning of both chemical reaction rate and product by a high magnetic field. A 12 times magneto-acceleration of the galvanic replacement (GR) reaction was observed. Moreover, it is first demonstrated that a magnetic field can unravel and accelerate the hidden Kirkendall effect (KE) in addition to the pristine GR reaction. With coaction of magneto-tuned KE and GR, not only the rate but also the composition as well as magnetic property of the products could be modulated. These observations suggest that not only is a magnetic field a variable parameter that cannot be ignored, but also it can effectively control both rate and product in a chemical reaction, which provides a new route for chemical process controlling and shape/composition designing in material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Bian
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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36
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Ham S, Fang WZ, Qiao R. Particle actuation by rotating magnetic fields in microchannels: a numerical study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5590-5601. [PMID: 33998637 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particles confined in microchannels can be actuated to perform translation motion using a rotating magnetic field, but their actuation in such a situation is not yet well understood. Here, the actuation of a ferromagnetic particle confined in square microchannels is studied using immersed-boundary lattice Boltzmann simulations. In wide channels, when a sphere is positioned close to a side wall but away from channel corners, it experiences a modest hydrodynamic actuation force parallel to the channel walls. This force decreases as the sphere is shifted toward the bottom wall but the opposite trend is found when the channel is narrow. When the sphere is positioned midway between the top and bottom channel walls, the actuation force decreases as the channel width decreases and can reverse its direction. These phenomena are elucidated by studying the flow and pressure fields in the channel-particle system and by analyzing the viscous and pressure components of the hydrodynamic force acting on different parts of the sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokgyun Ham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wen-Zhen Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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37
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Panczyk T, Camp PJ. Lorentz forces induced by a static magnetic field have negligible effects on results from classical molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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38
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Abstract
![]()
Manipulation and navigation of micro
and nanoswimmers in different
fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields,
or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields
as the active external actuation source based on the advantageous
features of this actuation strategy such as remote and spatiotemporal
control, fuel-free, high degree of reconfigurability, programmability,
recyclability, and versatility. This review introduces fundamental
concepts and advantages of magnetic micro/nanorobots (termed here
as “MagRobots”) as well as basic knowledge of magnetic
fields and magnetic materials, setups for magnetic manipulation, magnetic
field configurations, and symmetry-breaking strategies for effective
movement. These concepts are discussed to describe the interactions
between micro/nanorobots and magnetic fields. Actuation mechanisms
of flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion and traveling-wave
locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) and surface walkers (i.e., surface-assisted
motion), applications of magnetic fields in other propulsion approaches,
and magnetic stimulation of micro/nanorobots beyond motion are provided
followed by fabrication techniques for (quasi-)spherical, helical,
flexible, wire-like, and biohybrid MagRobots. Applications of MagRobots
in targeted drug/gene delivery, cell manipulation, minimally invasive
surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery,
pollution removal for environmental remediation, and (bio)sensing
are also reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives
for the development of magnetically powered miniaturized motors are
discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijuan Zhou
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
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Wagner M, Roca-Bonet S, Ripoll M. Collective behavior of thermophoretic dimeric active colloids in three-dimensional bulk. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:43. [PMID: 33772651 PMCID: PMC8004524 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloids driven by phoresis constitute one of the main avenues for the design of synthetic microswimmers. For these swimmers, the specific form of the phoretic and hydrodynamic interactions dramatically influences their dynamics. Explicit solvent simulations allow the investigation of the different behaviors of dimeric Janus active colloids. The phoretic character is modified from thermophilic to thermophobic, and this, together with the relative size of the beads, strongly influences the resulting solvent velocity fields. Hydrodynamic flows can change from puller-type to pusher-type, although the actual flows significantly differ from these standard flows. Such hydrodynamic interactions combined with phoretic interactions between dimers result in several interesting phenomena in three-dimensional bulk conditions. Thermophilic dimeric swimmers are attracted to each other and form large and stable aggregates. Repulsive phoretic interactions among thermophobic dimeric swimmers hinder such clustering and lead, together with long- and short-ranged attractive hydrodynamic interactions, to short-lived, aligned swarming structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sergi Roca-Bonet
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marisol Ripoll
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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40
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Choi J, Hwang J, Kim J, Choi H. Recent Progress in Magnetically Actuated Microrobots for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001596. [PMID: 33331143 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents, such as drugs and cells, play an essential role in virtually every treatment of injury, illness, or disease. However, the conventional practices of drug delivery often result in undesirable side effects caused by drug overdose and off-target delivery. In the case of cell delivery, the survival rate of the transplanted cells is extremely low and difficulties with the administration route of cells remain a problem. Recently, magnetically actuated microrobots have started offering unique opportunities in targeted therapeutic delivery due to their tiny size and ability to access hard-to-reach lesions in a minimally invasive manner; considerable advances in this regard have been made over the past decade. Here, recent progress in magnetically actuated microrobots, developed for targeted drug/cell delivery, is presented, with a focus on their design features and mechanisms for controlled therapeutic release. Additionally, the practical challenges faced by the microrobots, and future research directions toward the swift bench-to-bedside translation of the microrobots are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobotics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsun Hwang
- Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobotics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobotics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobotics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
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41
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Yan X, Zhou Q, Vincent M, Deng Y, Yu J, Xu J, Xu T, Tang T, Bian L, Wang YXJ, Kostarelos K, Zhang L. Multifunctional biohybrid magnetite microrobots for imaging-guided therapy. Sci Robot 2021; 2:2/12/eaaq1155. [PMID: 33157904 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aaq1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots and nanorobots can be remotely controlled to propel in complex biological fluids with high precision by using magnetic fields. Their potential for controlled navigation in hard-to-reach cavities of the human body makes them promising miniaturized robotic tools to diagnose and treat diseases in a minimally invasive manner. However, critical issues, such as motion tracking, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and diagnostic/therapeutic effects, need to be resolved to allow preclinical in vivo development and clinical trials. We report biohybrid magnetic robots endowed with multifunctional capabilities by integrating desired structural and functional attributes from a biological matrix and an engineered coating. Helical microswimmers were fabricated from Spirulina microalgae via a facile dip-coating process in magnetite (Fe3O4) suspensions, superparamagnetic, and equipped with robust navigation capability in various biofluids. The innate properties of the microalgae allowed in vivo fluorescence imaging and remote diagnostic sensing without the need for any surface modification. Furthermore, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging tracked a swarm of microswimmers inside rodent stomachs, a deep organ where fluorescence-based imaging ceased to work because of its penetration limitation. Meanwhile, the microswimmers were able to degrade and exhibited selective cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines, subject to the thickness of the Fe3O4 coating, which could be tailored via the dip-coating process. The biohybrid microrobots reported herein represent a microrobotic platform that could be further developed for in vivo imaging-guided therapy and a proof of concept for the engineering of multifunctional microrobotic and nanorobotic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Melissa Vincent
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Vyskočil J, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Jablonská E, Novotný F, Ruml T, Pumera M. Cancer Cells Microsurgery via Asymmetric Bent Surface Au/Ag/Ni Microrobotic Scalpels Through a Transversal Rotating Magnetic Field. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8247-8256. [PMID: 32544324 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The actuation of micro/nanomachines by means of a magnetic field is a promising fuel-free way to transport cargo in microscale dimensions. This type of movement has been extensively studied for a variety of micro/nanomachine designs, and a special magnetic field configuration results in a near-surface walking. We developed "walking" micromachines which transversally move in a magnetic field, and we used them as microrobotic scalpels to enter and exit an individual cancer cell and cut a small cellular fragment. In these microscalpels, the center of mass lies approximately in the middle of their length. The microrobotic scalpels show good propulsion efficiency and high step-out frequencies of the magnetic field. Au/Ag/Ni microrobotic scalpels controlled by a transversal rotating magnetic field can enter the cytoplasm of cancer cells and also are able to remove a piece of the cytosol while leaving the cytoplasmic membrane intact in a microsurgery-like manner. We believe that this concept can be further developed for potential biological or medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vyskočil
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jablonská
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotný
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
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Inaba H, Yamada M, Rashid MR, Kabir AMR, Kakugo A, Sada K, Matsuura K. Magnetic Force-Induced Alignment of Microtubules by Encapsulation of CoPt Nanoparticles Using a Tau-Derived Peptide. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5251-5258. [PMID: 32525681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Construction of magnetotactic materials is a significant challenge in nanotechnology applications such as nanodevices and nanotransportation. Artificial magnetotactic materials can be designed from magnetotactic bacteria because these bacteria use magnetic nanoparticles for aligning with and moving within magnetic fields. Microtubules are attractive scaffolds to construct magnetotactic materials because of their intrinsic motility. Nonetheless, it is challenging to magnetically control their orientation while retaining their motility by conjugating magnetic nanoparticles on their outer surface. Here we solve the issue by encapsulating magnetic cobalt-platinum nanoparticles inside microtubules using our developed Tau-derived peptide that binds to their internal pockets. The in situ growth of cobalt-platinum nanoparticles resulted in the formation of a linear-chain assembly of nanoparticles inside the microtubules. The magnetic microtubules significantly aligned with a high order parameter (0.71) along the weak magnetic field (0.37 T) and showed increased motility. This work provides a new concept for designing magnetotactic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Mayuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Mst Rubaya Rashid
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Arif Md Rashedul Kabir
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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44
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Dhar P, Narendren S, Gaur SS, Sharma S, Kumar A, Katiyar V. Self-propelled cellulose nanocrystal based catalytic nanomotors for targeted hyperthermia and pollutant remediation applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:1020-1036. [PMID: 32353506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from biological motors, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are strategically modified to induce self-propulsion behavior with the capabilities to catalytically degrade pollutants along with magnetic hyperthermia to clean arterial plaques during its course of propulsion. CNCs derived from renewable biomass, are decorated with catalytically active, magneto-responsive nanomaterials (Fe2O3/Pd nanoparticles) through sustainable routes. CNC nanomotors show improved propulsion at lowered peroxide concentrations with remotely controlled trajectory through chemo-magnetic field gradients and ideal surface-wettability characteristics, overcoming the requirement of surfactants, as with traditional nanomotors. We observed that nanomotors undergo motion through heterogeneous bubble propulsion mechanism, with capability to in situ degrade pollutants and generate local heat through hyperthermia, enhancing the rate of degradation process in real time. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that the dynamics of nanomotors can be controlled in a microfluidic channel through site-directed magnetic field and induction of pH gradient, mimicking the chemotaxis in cell-like environment and as swarm of nano-surgeons removes plaques from clogged arteries. Our study shows that strategic modification of CNCs results in fabrication of nanomotors with efficient propulsion system infused with multi-functional characteristics of high catalytic activity and magnetic hyperthermia which opens up new avenues for utilization of bio-based nanomotors derived from lignocellulose for myriad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodyut Dhar
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Soundararajan Narendren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Surendra Singh Gaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saksham Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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45
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Pernal SP, Willis AJ, Sabo ME, Moore LM, Olson ST, Morris SC, Creighton FM, Engelhard HH. An in vitro Model System for Evaluating Remote Magnetic Nanoparticle Movement and Fibrinolysis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1549-1568. [PMID: 32210551 PMCID: PMC7071866 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombotic events continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and other thrombotic disorders. Use of tPA is limited by its narrow therapeutic time window, hemorrhagic complications, and insufficient delivery to the location of the thrombus. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been proposed for targeting tPA delivery. It would be advantageous to develop an improved in vitro model of clot formation, to screen thrombolytic therapies that could be enhanced by addition of MNPs, and to test magnetic drug targeting at human-sized distances. Methods We utilized commercially available blood and endothelial cells to construct 1/8th inch (and larger) biomimetic vascular channels in acrylic trays. MNP clusters were moved at a distance by a rotating permanent magnet and moved along the channels by surface walking. The effect of different transport media on MNP velocity was studied using video photography. MNPs with and without tPA were analyzed to determine their velocities in the channels, and their fibrinolytic effect in wells and the trays. Results MNP clusters could be moved through fluids including blood, at human-sized distances, down straight or branched channels, using the rotating permanent magnet. The greatest MNP velocity was closest to the magnet: 0.76 ± 0.03 cm/sec. In serum, the average MNP velocity was 0.10 ± 0.02 cm/sec. MNPs were found to enhance tPA delivery, and cause fibrinolysis in both static and dynamic studies. Fibrinolysis was observed to occur in 85% of the dynamic MNP + tPA experiments. Conclusion MNPs hold great promise for use in augmenting delivery of tPA for the treatment of stroke and other thrombotic conditions. This model system facilitates side by side comparisons of MNP-facilitated drug delivery, at a human scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Pernal
- The Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J Willis
- The Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Steven T Olson
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Herbert H Engelhard
- The Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Singh SK, Rajib MM, Drobitch JL, Atulasimha J, Bandyopadhyay S, Subramanian A. A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39763-39770. [PMID: 35515396 PMCID: PMC9057435 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetoelectrokinetic model to investigate a new approach to magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis for ultra-high precision and parallel assembly of ferromagnetic Ni nanowires (NWs) on silicon chips. The underlying assembly methodology relies on a combination of electric and magnetic fields to manipulate single nanowires from a colloidal suspension and yield their assembly on top of electrodes with better than 25 nm precision. The electric fields and the resultant dielectrophoretic forces are generated through the use of patterned gold nanoelectrodes, and deliver long-range forces that attract NWs from farther regions of the workspace and bring them in proximity to the nanoelectrodes. Next, magnetic-fields generated by cobalt magnets, which are stacked on top of the gold nanoelectrodes at their center and pre-magnetized using external magnetic fields, deliver short range forces to capture the nanowires precisely on top of the nanomagnets. The 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model, which is built using a finite element code in COMSOL software and with further computations in MATLAB, computes the trajectory and final deposition location as well as orientation for all possible starting locations of a Ni NW within the assembly workspace. The analysis reveals that magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis achieves ultra-high precision assembly of NWs on top of the cobalt nanomagnets from a 42% larger workspace volume as compared to pure dielectrophoresis and thereby, establishes the benefits of adding magnetic fields to the assembly workspace. Furthermore, this approach is combined with a strategy to confine the suspension within the reservoir that contains a high density of favorable NW starting locations to deliver high assembly yields for landing NWs on top of contacts that are only twice as wide as the NWs. Magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis delivers ultra-high precision assembly of single nanowires.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K. Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Md Mahadi Rajib
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Justine L. Drobitch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Jayasimha Atulasimha
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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Higgins RF, Cheisson T, Cole BE, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Magnetic Field Directed Rare‐Earth Separations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Eramet Ideas 1 rue Albert Einstein 78190 Trappes France
| | - Bren E. Cole
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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48
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Higgins RF, Cheisson T, Cole BE, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Magnetic Field Directed Rare‐Earth Separations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1851-1856. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Eramet Ideas 1 rue Albert Einstein 78190 Trappes France
| | - Bren E. Cole
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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49
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Chen Q, Liu FW, Xiao Z, Sharma N, Cho SK, Kim K. Ultrasound Tracking of the Acoustically Actuated Microswimmer. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:3231-3237. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2902523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Xuan X. Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Particle Manipulations Using Magnetic Fluids. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E744. [PMID: 31683660 PMCID: PMC6915689 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field-induced particle manipulation is simple and economic as compared to other techniques (e.g., electric, acoustic, and optical) for lab-on-a-chip applications. However, traditional magnetic controls require the particles to be manipulated being magnetizable, which renders it necessary to magnetically label particles that are almost exclusively diamagnetic in nature. In the past decade, magnetic fluids including paramagnetic solutions and ferrofluids have been increasingly used in microfluidic devices to implement label-free manipulations of various types of particles (both synthetic and biological). We review herein the recent advances in this field with focus upon the continuous-flow particle manipulations. Specifically, we review the reported studies on the negative magnetophoresis-induced deflection, focusing, enrichment, separation, and medium exchange of diamagnetic particles in the continuous flow of magnetic fluids through microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
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