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Wang Y, Yang JS, Zhao M, Chen JQ, Xie HX, Yu HY, Liu NH, Yi ZJ, Liang HL, Xing L, Jiang HL. Mitochondrial endogenous substance transport-inspired nanomaterials for mitochondria-targeted gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115355. [PMID: 38849004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) independent of nuclear gene is a set of double-stranded circular DNA that encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 mitochondrial transfer RNAs, all of which play vital roles in functions as well as behaviors of mitochondria. Mutations in mtDNA result in various mitochondrial disorders without available cures. However, the manipulation of mtDNA via the mitochondria-targeted gene delivery faces formidable barriers, particularly owing to the mitochondrial double membrane. Given the fact that there are various transport channels on the mitochondrial membrane used to transfer a variety of endogenous substances to maintain the normal functions of mitochondria, mitochondrial endogenous substance transport-inspired nanomaterials have been proposed for mitochondria-targeted gene delivery. In this review, we summarize mitochondria-targeted gene delivery systems based on different mitochondrial endogenous substance transport pathways. These are categorized into mitochondrial steroid hormones import pathways-inspired nanomaterials, protein import pathways-inspired nanomaterials and other mitochondria-targeted gene delivery nanomaterials. We also review the applications and challenges involved in current mitochondrial gene editing systems. This review delves into the approaches of mitochondria-targeted gene delivery, providing details on the design of mitochondria-targeted delivery systems and the limitations regarding the various technologies. Despite the progress in this field is currently slow, the ongoing exploration of mitochondrial endogenous substance transport and mitochondrial biological phenomena may act as a crucial breakthrough in the targeted delivery of gene into mitochondria and even the manipulation of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai-Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Juan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Delivery Systems for Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020572. [PMID: 36839894 PMCID: PMC9964608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cellular organelles of high relevance responsible for the chemical energy production used in most of the biochemical reactions of cells. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Inherited solely from the mother, this genome is quite susceptible to mutations, mainly due to the absence of an effective repair system. Mutations in mtDNA are associated with endocrine, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Currently, therapeutic approaches are based on the administration of a set of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from mitochondrial pathologies. Mitochondrial gene therapy emerges as a promising strategy as it deeply focuses on the cause of mitochondrial disorder. The development of suitable mtDNA-based delivery systems to target and transfect mammalian mitochondria represents an exciting field of research, leading to progress in the challenging task of restoring mitochondria's normal function. This review gathers relevant knowledge on the composition, targeting performance, or release profile of such nanosystems, offering researchers valuable conceptual approaches to follow in their quest for the most suitable vectors to turn mitochondrial gene therapy clinically feasible. Future studies should consider the optimization of mitochondrial genes' encapsulation, targeting ability, and transfection to mitochondria. Expectedly, this effort will bring bright results, contributing to important hallmarks in mitochondrial gene therapy.
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Shaikh A, Neeli PK, Singuru G, Panangipalli S, Banerjee R, Maddi SR, Thennati R, Bathula SR, Kotamraju S. A functional and self-assembling octyl-phosphonium-tagged esculetin as an effective siRNA delivery agent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12329-12332. [PMID: 34740232 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we document a self-assembling octyl-TPP tagged esculetin (Mito-Esc) as functionally active and as a novel small molecule siRNA delivery vector. While Mito-Esc itself induces selective breast cancer cell death, the amphiphilic nature of Mito-Esc delivers therapeutic siRNAs intracellularly without the need for any excipient to exacerbate the anti-proliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altab Shaikh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | - Gajalakshmi Singuru
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | - Sravya Panangipalli
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | - Sridhar Reddy Maddi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | | | - Surendar Reddy Bathula
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
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4
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Sun Y, Yang Q, Xia X, Li X, Ruan W, Zheng M, Zou Y, Shi B. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Mitochondria Targeting Mediated Robust Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:755727. [PMID: 34692665 PMCID: PMC8526929 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all sorts of innovations in medical researches over the past decades, cancer remains a major threat to human health. Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells, and their dysfunctions contribute to numerous diseases including cancers. Mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy, which specifically delivers drugs into the mitochondria, is a promising strategy for enhancing anticancer treatment efficiency. However, owing to their special double-layered membrane system and highly negative potentials, mitochondria remain a challenging target for therapeutic agents to reach and access. Polymeric nanoparticles exceed in cancer therapy ascribed to their unique features including ideal biocompatibility, readily design and synthesis, as well as flexible ligand decoration. Significant efforts have been put forward to develop mitochondria-targeted polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, we focused on the smart design of polymeric nanosystems for mitochondria targeting and summarized the current applications in improving cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Sun
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaozhe Li
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Application of Non-Viral Vectors in Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193307. [PMID: 34641123 PMCID: PMC8512075 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vectors and carriers play an indispensable role in gene therapy and drug delivery. Non-viral vectors are widely developed and applied in clinical practice due to their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, easy synthesis and modification, and low cost of production. This review summarized a variety of non-viral vectors and carriers including polymers, liposomes, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes from the aspects of physicochemical characteristics, synthesis methods, functional modifications, and research applications. Notably, non-viral vectors can enhance the absorption of cargos, prolong the circulation time, improve therapeutic effects, and provide targeted delivery. Additional studies focused on recent innovation of novel synthesis techniques for vector materials. We also elaborated on the problems and future research directions in the development of non-viral vectors, which provided a theoretical basis for their broad applications.
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6
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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7
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Choudhary D, Goykar H, Karanwad T, Kannaujia S, Gadekar V, Misra M. An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:397-418. [PMID: 34703491 PMCID: PMC8520044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With this backdrop, in present review, we have reemphasized the role of mitochondria in cancer progression and inhibition, highlighting the different targets that can be explored for targeting of disease. Moreover, we have also summarized different nanoparticulate systems that have been used for treatment of cancer via mitochondrial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Choudhary
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Hanmant Goykar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Tukaram Karanwad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Suraj Kannaujia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Vedant Gadekar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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8
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Tyagi S, Singh M, Jha NK, Singh KK. Nanotherapeutic approaches to target mitochondria in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 281:119773. [PMID: 34192595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer cells exemplifies a difficult test in the light of challenges associated with the nature of cancer cells and the severe side effects too. After making a large number of trials using both traditional and advanced therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy), approaches to design new therapies have reached a saturation level. However, nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit higher efficacy and great potential to bypass many of such therapeutic limitations. Because of their higher target specificity, the use of nanoparticles offers incredible potential in cancer therapeutics. Mitochondria, acting as a factory of energy production in cells, reveal an important role in the death as well as the survival of cells. Because of its significant involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells, it is being regarded as an important target for cancer therapeutics. Numerous studies reveal that nanotechnology-based approaches to directly target the mitochondria may help in improving the survival rate of cancer patients. In the current study, we have detailed the significance of mitochondria in the development of cancer phenotype, as well as indicated it as the potential targets for cancer therapy. Our study further highlights the importance of different nanoparticle-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells and the associated outcomes of different studies. Though, nanotechnology-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells demonstrate a potential and efficient way in cancer therapeutics. Yet, further study is needed to overcome the linked limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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9
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S Allemailem K, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljaghwani A, M El-Kady A, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3907-3936. [PMID: 34135584 PMCID: PMC8200140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Aljaghwani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Jang YH, Ahn SR, Shim JY, Lim KI. Engineering Genetic Systems for Treating Mitochondrial Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:810. [PMID: 34071708 PMCID: PMC8227772 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular energy generators involved in various cellular processes. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to multiple serious diseases, including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of the underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions of the molecular mechanism will provide important hints on how to mitigate the symptoms of mitochondrial diseases and eventually cure them. In this review, we first summarize the key parts of the genetic processes that control the physiology and functions of mitochondria and discuss how alterations of the processes cause mitochondrial diseases. We then list up the relevant core genetic components involved in these processes and explore the mutations of the components that link to the diseases. Lastly, we discuss recent attempts to apply multiple genetic methods to alleviate and further reverse the adverse effects of the core component mutations on the physiology and functions of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-ha Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-h.J.); (J.-y.S.)
| | - Sae Ryun Ahn
- Industry Collaboration Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Ji-yeon Shim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-h.J.); (J.-y.S.)
| | - Kwang-il Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-h.J.); (J.-y.S.)
- Industry Collaboration Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea;
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11
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Jia J, Gao Y, Dang K, Guo X, Ding A. Naphthalimide‐modified dendrimers as efficient and low cytotoxic nucleic acid delivery vectors. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Jia
- Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University Tangshan China
| | - Yongguang Gao
- Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University Tangshan China
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Kai Dang
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaosong Guo
- Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University Tangshan China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang China
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12
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Kuznetsova DA, Gabdrakhmanov DR, Gaynanova GA, Vasileva LA, Kuznetsov DM, Lukashenko SS, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Nizameev IR, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Kadirov MK, Petrov KA, Zakharova LY. Novel biocompatible liposomal formulations for encapsulation of hydrophilic drugs – Chloramphenicol and cisplatin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Gao X, Li L, Cai X, Huang Q, Xiao J, Cheng Y. Targeting nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of bone tumors: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120404. [PMID: 32987273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A variety of targeted nanoparticles were developed for the diagnosis and therapy of orthotopic and metastatic bone tumors during the past decade. This critical review will focus on principles and methods in the design of these bone-targeted nanoparticles. Ligands including bisphosphonates, aspartic acid-rich peptides and synthetic polymers were grafted on nanoparticles such as PLGA nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and inorganic nanoparticles for bone targeting. Besides, other ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides and aptamers targeting biomarkers on tumor/bone cells were identified for targeted diagnosis and therapy. Examples of targeted nanoparticles for the early detection of bone metastatic tumors and the ablation of cancer via chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy and combination therapy will be intensively reviewed. The development of multifunctional nanoparticles to break down the "vicious" cycle between tumor cell proliferation and bone resorption, and the challenges and perspectives in this area will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lin Li
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaopan Cai
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Quan Huang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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14
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Alfaifi MY, Zein MAE, Shati AA, Alshehri MA, Elbehairi SEI, Hafez HS, Elshaarawy RF. Synthesis, photophysical behavior and biomolecular reactivity of new triphenylphosphonium-based Pd(II)salphens as new anticancer candidates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Sofy AR, Hmed AA, Abd El Haliem NF, Zein MAE, Elshaarawy RF. Polyphosphonium-oligochitosans decorated with nanosilver as new prospective inhibitors for common human enteric viruses. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 226:115261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Kuznetsova DA, Gaynanova GA, Vasileva LA, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Sapunova AS, Voloshina AD, Galkina IV, Petrov KA, Zakharova LY. Mitochondria-targeted cationic liposomes modified with alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides loaded with hydrophilic drugs: preparation, cytotoxicity and colocalization assay. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7351-7362. [PMID: 31696196 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to obtain cationic liposomes based on 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine noncovalently modified using alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides (TPPB-n) with different lengths of hydrocarbon tail for targeted delivery to mitochondria. The hydrodynamic diameter and electrokinetic potential of hybrid liposomes depending on the lipid/surfactant ratio were monitored in time with the aim to optimize the composition with sufficient stability and positive charge for mitochondria-targeted delivery. It was found that increasing the alkyl tail length of the surfactant (up to TPPB-14) leads to an increase in the positive charge of the liposomes. The most optimal results of stability were obtained for hybrid liposomes based on 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and TPPB-12, TPPB-14. The obtained modified liposomes were loaded with hydrophilic substrates (a model probe Rhodamine B and medicines metronidazole and doxorubicin). This is one of the first examples of fabrication of liposomes noncovalently modified using an amphiphilic TPP cation, with the alkyl tail length of surfactant and TPP/lipid ratio optimized in terms of stability of the liposomes and the binding/release behavior of hydrophilic probes. Using the confocal microscopy method, it was shown that modification of liposomes with a triphenylphosphonium cation results in targeted delivery of encapsulated compounds to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya A Kuznetsova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Gulnara A Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Leysan A Vasileva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation. and Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx str., Kazan, 420015, Russian Federation
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina V Galkina
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation. and Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Lucia Ya Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
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17
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Patil S, Gao YG, Lin X, Li Y, Dang K, Tian Y, Zhang WJ, Jiang SF, Qadir A, Qian AR. The Development of Functional Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5491. [PMID: 31690044 PMCID: PMC6862238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is manipulation in/of gene expression in specific cells/tissue to treat diseases. This manipulation is carried out by introducing exogenous nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into the cell. Because of their negative charge and considerable larger size, the delivery of these molecules, in general, should be mediated by gene vectors. Non-viral vectors, as promising delivery systems, have received considerable attention due to their low cytotoxicity and non-immunogenicity. As research continued, more and more functional non-viral vectors have emerged. They not only have the ability to deliver a gene into the cells but also have other functions, such as the performance of fluorescence imaging, which aids in monitoring their progress, targeted delivery, and biodegradation. Recently, many reviews related to non-viral vectors, such as polymers and cationic lipids, have been reported. However, there are few reviews regarding functional non-viral vectors. This review summarizes the common functional non-viral vectors developed in the last ten years and their potential applications in the future. The transfection efficiency and the transport mechanism of these materials were also discussed in detail. We hope that this review can help researchers design more new high-efficiency and low-toxicity multifunctional non-viral vectors, and further accelerate the progress of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Shan-Feng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ai-Rong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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18
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Gao YG, Lin X, Dang K, Jiang SF, Tian Y, Liu FL, Li DJ, Li Y, Miao ZP, Qian AR. Structure-activity relationship of novel low-generation dendrimers for gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7833-7842. [PMID: 30084471 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are very critical to design ideal gene vectors for gene delivery. However, It is difficult to obtain SAR information of low-generation dendrimers due to the lack of easy structural modification ways. Here, we synthesized a novel family of rigid aromatic backbone-based low-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. According to the number of primary amines, they were divided into two types: four-amine-containing PAMAM (DL1-DL5) and eight-amine-containing PAMAM (DL6-DL10). Due to the introduction of a rigid aromatic backbone, the low-generation PAMAM could be modified easier by different hydrophobic aliphatic chains. Several assays were used to study the interactions of the PAMAM dendrimers with plasmid DNA, and the results revealed that they not only had good DNA binding ability but also could efficiently condense DNA into spherical-shaped nanoparticles with suitable sizes and zeta potentials. The SAR studies indicated that the gene-transfection efficiency of the synthesized materials depended on not only the structure of their hydrophobic chains but also the number of primary amines. It was found that four-amine-containing PAMAM prepared from oleylamine (DL5) gave the best transfection efficiency, which was 3 times higher than that of lipofectamine 2000 in HEK293 cells. The cellular uptake mechanism mediated by DL5 was further investigated, and the results indicated that DL5/DNA complexes entered the cells mainly via caveolae and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, these low-generation PAMAMs modified with a single hydrophobic tail showed lower toxicity than lipofectamine 2000 in MC3T3-E1, MG63, HeLa, and HEK293 cells. These results reveal that such a type of low-generation polyamidoamines might be promising non-viral gene vectors, and also give us clues for the design of safe and high-efficiency gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, China.
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19
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Farzamfar S, Nazeri N, Salehi M, Valizadeh A, Marashi S, Savari Kouzehkonan G, Ghanbari H. Will Nanotechnology Bring New Hope for Stem Cell Therapy? Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 206:229-241. [DOI: 10.1159/000500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of stem cell therapy has been shown in preclinical trials for the treatment of damage and replacement of organs and degenerative diseases. After many years of research, its clinical application is limited. Currently there is not a single stem cell therapy product or procedure. Nanotechnology is an emerging field in medicine and has huge potential due to its unique characteristics such as its size, surface effects, tunnel effects, and quantum size effect. The importance of application of nanotechnology in stem cell technology and cell-based therapies has been recognized. In particular, the effects of nanotopography on stem cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion have become an area of intense research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the many opportunities that nanotechnology can create to change the fate of stem cell technology and cell therapies, it poses several risks since some nanomaterials are cytotoxic and can affect the differentiation program of stem cells and their viability. Here we review some of the advances and the prospects of nanotechnology in stem cell research and cell-based therapies and discuss the issues, obstacles, applications, and approaches with the aim of opening new avenues for further research.
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20
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Herma R, Wrobel D, Liegertová M, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Maly M, Semerádtová A, Štofik M, Appelhans D, Maly J. Carbosilane dendrimers with phosphonium terminal groups are low toxic non-viral transfection vectors for siRNA cell delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:51-65. [PMID: 30877030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors studied in the gene therapy applications are often designed with the cationic nitrogen containing groups necessary for binding and cell release of nucleic acids. Disadvantage is a relatively high toxicity which restricts the in vivo use of such nanoparticles. Here we show, that the 3rd generation carbosilane dendrimers possessing (trimethyl)phosphonium (PMe3) groups on their periphery were able to effectively deliver the functional siRNA into the cells (B14, Cricetulus griseus), release it into the cytosol and finally to achieve up to 40% gene silencing of targeted gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) with the comparable or, in some cases, even better effectivity as their ammonium counterparts. Moreover, such cationic dendrimers show relatively low in vivo toxicity as compared to their ammonium analogues when analyzed by standard fish embryo test (FET) on Danio rerio in vivo model, with LD50 = 6.26 µM after 48 h of incubation. This is more than 10-fold improvement as compared to published values for various other types of cationic dendrimers. We discuss the potential of further increase of the transfection efficiency, endosomal escape and decrease of toxicity of such non-viral vectors, based on the systematic screening of different types of substituents on central phosphonium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Herma
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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21
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Sun W, Liu XY, Cui JX, Ma LL, Zhang Y, Lu ZL, He L. Mitochondria targeting two-photon fluorescent molecules for gene transfection and biological tracking. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria targeting two-photon fluorescent organic molecules are applied in gene transfection in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Xu-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Jing-Xue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Le-Le Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Lan He
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
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22
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Chen WH, Luo GF, Zhang XZ. Recent Advances in Subcellular Targeted Cancer Therapy Based on Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802725. [PMID: 30260521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, diverse functional materials that take subcellular structures as therapeutic targets are playing increasingly important roles in cancer therapy. Here, particular emphasis is placed on four kinds of therapies, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and hyperthermal therapy, which are the most widely used approaches for killing cancer cells by the specific destruction of subcellular organelles. Moreover, some non-drug-loaded nanoformulations (i.e., metal nanoparticles and molecular self-assemblies) with a fatal effect on cells by influencing the subcellular functions without the use of any drug molecules are also included. According to the basic principles and unique performances of each treatment, appropriate strategies are developed to meet task-specific applications by integrating specific materials, ligands, as well as methods. In addition, the combination of two or more therapies based on multifunctional nanostructures, which either directly target specific subcellular organelles or release organelle-targeted therapeutics, is also introduced with the intent of superadditive therapeutic effects. Finally, the related challenges of critical re-evaluation of this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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23
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Chen J, Wang K, Wu J, Tian H, Chen X. Polycations for Gene Delivery: Dilemmas and Solutions. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:338-349. [PMID: 30383373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been a promising strategy for treating numerous gene-associated human diseases by altering specific gene expressions in pathological cells. Application of nonviral gene delivery is hindered by various dilemmas encountered in systemic gene therapy. Therefore, solutions must be established to address the unique requirements of gene-based treatment of diseases. This review will particularly highlight the dilemmas in polycation-based gene therapy by systemic treatment. Several promising strategies, which are expected to overcome these challenges, will be briefly reviewed. This review will also explore the development of polycation-based gene delivery systems for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
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24
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Jang YH, Lim KI. Recent Advances in Mitochondria-Targeted Gene Delivery. Molecules 2018; 23:E2316. [PMID: 30208599 PMCID: PMC6225103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunctions link to various syndromes and diseases including myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber disease (MERRF), Leigh syndrome (LS), and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Primary mitochondrial diseases often result from mutations of mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes that encode the mitochondrial components. However, complete intracellular correction of the mutated genetic parts relevant to mitochondrial structures and functions is technically challenging. Instead, there have been diverse attempts to provide corrected genetic materials with cells. In this review, we discuss recent novel physical, chemical and biological strategies, and methods to introduce genetic cargos into mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Effective mitochondria-targeting gene delivery systems can reverse multiple mitochondrial disorders by enabling cells to produce functional mitochondrial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ha Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Il Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
- Research Institute of ICT Convergence, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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25
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Zhang W, Wang W, Yu DX, Xiao Z, He Z. Application of nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy to CNS diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2341-2371. [PMID: 30088440 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke are the most common CNS diseases, all characterized by progressive cellular dysfunction and death in specific areas of the nervous system. Therapeutic development for these diseases has lagged behind other disease areas due to difficulties in early diagnosis, long disease courses and drug delivery challenges, not least due to the blood-brain barrier. Over recent decades, nanotechnology has been explored as a potential tool for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of CNS diseases. In this review, we describe the application of nanotechnology to common CNS diseases, highlighting disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms and promising functional outcomes that make nanomaterials ideal candidates for early diagnosis and therapy. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of nanotechnology, and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - David X Yu
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Zhiyong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China.,Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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26
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Yao W, Fu S, Yang G, Wang J, Wang X, Tang R. Low molecular weight PEI-grafted carboxyl-modified soybean protein as gene carriers with reduced cytotoxicity and greatly improved transfection in vitro. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1482462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Yao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Guanqing Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P. R. China
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Panagiotaki KN, Sideratou Z, Vlahopoulos SA, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Zachariadis M, Khoury N, Zoumpourlis V, Tsiourvas D. A Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Mitochondriotropic Nanocarrier for Efficient Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Chloroquine and Enhanced Antineoplastic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E91. [PMID: 29160846 PMCID: PMC5748647 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems that target subcellular organelles and, in particular, mitochondria are considered to have great potential in treating disorders that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. To this end, a novel hyperbranched mitochondriotropic nanocarrier was developed for the efficient co-delivery of two different (both in chemical and pharmacological terms) bioactive compounds. The carrier is based on hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) functionalized with triphenylphosphonium groups that forms ~100 nm diameter nanoparticles in aqueous media and can encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known anti-cancer drug, and chloroquine (CQ), a known chemosensitizer with arising potential in anticancer medication. The anticancer activity of this system against two aggressive DOX-resistant human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines and in in vivo animal studies was assessed. The co-administration of encapsulated DOX and CQ leads to improved cell proliferation inhibition at extremely low DOX concentrations (0.25 μΜ). In vivo experiments against DU145 human prostate cancer cells grafted on immunodeficient mice resulted in tumor growth arrest during the three-week administration period and no pervasive side effects. The findings put forward the potential of such targeted low dose combination treatments as a therapeutic scheme with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina N Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- Ηoremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology Energy and Safety, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Nikolas Khoury
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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28
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Bielski E, Zhong Q, Mirza H, Brown M, Molla A, Carvajal T, da Rocha SRP. TPP-dendrimer nanocarriers for siRNA delivery to the pulmonary epithelium and their dry powder and metered-dose inhaler formulations. Int J Pharm 2017; 527:171-183. [PMID: 28549971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of genes utilizing the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism via the delivery of synthetic siRNA has great potential in the treatment of a variety of lung diseases. However, the delivery of siRNA to the lungs is challenging due to the poor bioavailability of siRNA when delivered intraveneously, and difficulty in formulating and maintaining the activity of free siRNA when delivered directly to the lungs using inhalation devices. The use of non-viral vectors such as cationic dendrimers can help enhance the stability of siRNA and its delivery to the cell cytosol. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the ability of a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) modified generation 4 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4NH2-TPP) to enhance the in vitro transfection efficiency of siRNA in a model of the pulmonary epithelium and their aerosol formulations in pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Complexes of siRNA and G4NH2-TPP were prepared with varying TPP densities and increasing N/P ratios. The complexation efficiency was modulated by the presence of the TPP on the dendrimer surface, allowing for a looser complexation compared to unmodified dendrimer as determined by gel electrophoresis and polyanion competition assay. An increase in TPP density and N/P ratio led to an increase in the in vitro gene knockdown of stably green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expressing lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. G4NH2-12TPP dendriplexes (G4NH2 PAMAM dendrimers containing 12 TPP molecules on the surface complexed with siRNA) at N/P ratio 30 showed the highest in vitro gene knockdown efficiency. To assess the potential of TPP-dendriplexes for pulmonary use, we also developed micron particle technologies for both pMDIs and DPIs and determined their aerosol characteristics utilizing an Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI). Mannitol microparticles encapsulating 12TPP-dendriplexes were shown to be effective in producing aerosols suitable for deep lung deposition for both pMDI formulations (fine particle fraction of 50-53%) and DPI formulations (fine particle fraction of 39%) with no impact on the in vitro gene knockdown efficiency of the siRNA. This work demonstrates the potential benefits of utilizing TPP-conjugated dendrimers in the formation of dendriplexes for siRNA delivery to the pulmonary epithelium and their aerosol formulation for local delivery to the lungs using portable inhalers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bielski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hamad Mirza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ashura Molla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Teresa Carvajal
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
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29
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Cho H, Cho YW, Kang SW, Kwak MK, Huh KM, Bae YH, Kang HC. Tempo-spatial Activation of Sequential Quadruple Stimuli for High Gene Expression of Polymeric Gene Nanocomplexes. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:842-855. [PMID: 28199124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of intracellular gene delivery via nanosized carriers is hindered by intracellular multistep barriers that limit high levels of gene expression. To solve these issues, four different intracellular or external stimuli that can efficiently activate a gene carrier, a gene, or a photosensitizer (pheophorbide A [PhA]) were assessed in this study. The designed nanosized polymeric gene complexes were composed of PhA-loaded thiol-degradable polycation (PhA@RPC) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-equipped pDNA. After cellular internalization of the resulting PhA@RPC/pDNA complexes, the complexes escaped endosomal sequestration, owing to the endosomal pH-induced endosomolytic activity of RPC in PhA@RPC. Subsequently, intracellular thiol-mediated polycation degradation triggered the release of PhA and pDNA from the complexes. Late exposure to light (for example, 12 h post-treatment) activated the released PhA and resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intracellular ROS successively activated NF-κB, which then reactivated the CMV promoter in the pDNA. These sequential, stimuli-responsive chemical and biological reactions resulted in high gene expression. In particular, the time-point of light exposure was very significant to tune efficient gene expression as well as negligible cytotoxicity: early light treatment induced photochemical internalization but high cytotoxicity, whereas late light treatment influenced the reactivation of silent pDNA via PhA-generated ROS and activation of NF-κB. In conclusion, the quadruple triggers, such as pH, thiol, light, and ROS, successively influenced a gene carrier (RPC), a photosensitizer, and a genetic therapeutic, and the tempo-spatial activation of the designed quadruple stimuli-activatable nanosized gene complexes could be potential in gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea , 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Cho
- Next-generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Next-generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea , 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - You Han Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Utah , 30 S 2000 E, Rm 2972, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Utah-Inha Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) and Advanced Therapeutics Research Center , 9 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea , 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
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30
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Song L, Ding AX, Zhang KX, Gong B, Lu ZL, He L. Degradable polyesters via ring-opening polymerization of functional valerolactones for efficient gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6567-6574. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00822h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Degradable polymers as gene and drug carriers are emerging as one of the most promising types of materials in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ai-Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Lan He
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Institute of Chemical Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
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31
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Strašák T, Malý J, Wróbel D, Malý M, Herma R, Čermák J, Müllerová M, Št′astná LČ, Cuřínová P. Phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers for biomedical applications – synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers could represent an alternative to ammonium ones in gene therapy applications with high potential of mitochondrial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- Department of Biology
- J.E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wróbel
- Department of Biology
- J.E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Department of Physics
- J. E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Regina Herma
- Department of Biology
- J.E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry
- J.E. Purkyně University
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
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32
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Tuo J, Xie Y, Song J, Chen Y, Guo Q, Liu X, Ni X, Xu D, Huang H, Yin S, Zhu W, Wu J, Hu H. Development of a novel berberine-mediated mitochondria-targeting nano-platform for drug-resistant cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6856-6864. [PMID: 32263579 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that targeting doxorubicin to mitochondria of tumor cells can bypass the multi-drug resistance problem and inhibit tumor growth. We previously discovered that the C-9th and C-13th position-alkylated berberine derivatives possess improved mitochondria-targeting activity compared to berberine. Therefore, we hypothesize that these alkylated berberine derivatives could be utilized as potential mitochondrial-targeting ligands by inserting the alkyl chain into the liposomal bilayer membrane during the preparation of liposomes. In this research, a berberine derivate (a 16-carbon aliphatic chain was introduced to the C-9th of berberine, 9-C16 berberine) was employed to prepare mitochondria-targeting doxorubicin-loaded folic acid-conjugated polyethylene glycol(PEGylated) liposomes (MT-FOL-PLS). The results of in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing studies revealed that MT-FOL-PLS showed the strongest cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects in drug resistant MCF-7/adr cells in comparison with free doxorubicin and regular liposomal doxorubicin. MT-FOL-PLS enhanced cellular uptake of doxorubicin up to 15-fold compared to free doxorubicin, and targeted doxorubicin to mitochondria. In vivo and ex vivo drug distribution studies showed that MT-FOL-PLS increased the drug distribution in tumor and the administration of MT-FOL-PLS to resistant MCF-7/adr cell mouse xenografts stopped tumor growth. Our results confirmed that alkylated berberines can be exploited as mitochondrial-targeting ligands to overcome cancer multi-drug resistance, further advancing the research on active targeting of liposome delivery systems in the treatment of resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Tuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China.
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33
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Dong C, Liu Z, Liu J, Wu C, Neumann F, Wang H, Schäfer-Korting M, Kleuser B, Chang J, Li W, Ma N, Haag R. A Highly Photostable Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Based NIR Fluorescence Nanoplatform for Mitochondria-Specific Cell Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2214-26. [PMID: 27253762 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Considering the critical role of mitochondria in the life and death of cells, non-invasive long-term tracking of mitochondria has attracted considerable interest. However, a high-performance mitochondria-specific labeling probe with high photostability is still lacking. Herein a highly photostable hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG)-based near-infrared (NIR) quantum dots (QDs) nanoplatform is reported for mitochondria-specific cell imaging. Comprising NIR Zn-Cu-In-S/ZnS QDs as extremely photostable fluorescent labels and alkyl chain (C12 )/triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-functionalized hPG derivatives as protective shell, the tailored QDs@hPG-C12 /TPP nanoprobe with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 65 nm exhibits NIR fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, good stability, and mitochondria-targeted ability. Cell uptake experiments demonstrate that QDs@hPG-C12 /TPP displays a significantly enhanced uptake in HeLa cells compared to nontargeted QDs@hPG-C12 . Further co-localization study indicates that the probe selectively targets mitochondria. Importantly, compared with commercial deep-red mitochondria dyes, QDs@hPG-C12 /TPP possesses superior photostability under continuous laser irradiation, indicating great potential for long-term mitochondria labeling and tracking. Moreover, drug-loaded QDs@hPG-C12 /TPP display an enhanced tumor cell killing efficacy compared to nontargeted drugs. This work could open the door to the construction of organelle-targeted multifunctional nanoplatforms for precise diagnosis and high-efficient tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- School of Life Sciences; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology of Shandong Province; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
| | - Junqing Liu
- School of Life Sciences; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Institut of Chemie and Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institut of Chemie and Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hanjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institut für Pharmazie; Freie Universität Berlin; Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft; Universität Potsdam; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy; Universität Rostock; Schillingallee 69 18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institut of Chemie and Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Biomaterial Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow-Seehof Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut of Chemie and Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z. Triphenylphosphonium Decorated Liposomes and Dendritic Polymers: Prospective Second Generation Drug Delivery Systems for Targeting Mitochondria. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2233-41. [PMID: 27280339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting specific intracellular organelles has been a biological process of significant interest. Specifically, for mitochondrial targeting, conventional liposomal and dendritic polymer nanoparticles were selected to be presented in this miniperspective. Both types of nanoparticles were decorated on their external surface with triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP), a well-known and effective mitochondrial targeting moiety. Due to their advantageous specificity toward mitochondria, these nanoparticles may be considered as prospective second generation drug delivery systems (DDSs). Functionalized liposomal and dendritic nanoparticles are conveniently prepared, and although they encounter several hurdles on their route from the extracellular environment to the interior of mitochondria, they manage to be accumulated inside them in experiments in vitro. Therefore, the TPP-functionalized nanoparticles presented in this miniperspective can prove effective DDSs and efforts should be continued to obtain results that will trigger further studies including clinical studies, hopefully leading to effective drugs for mitochondrial diseases. In fact, since these DDSs enter and act at the site where the dysfunction exists, a new medicine subspecialty is emerging, the so-called mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos M Paleos
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.,Regulon SA , 7 Afxentiou Street, 17455 Alimos, Attiki Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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35
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Luan CR, Liu YH, Zhang J, Yu QY, Huang Z, Wang B, Yu XQ. Low Molecular Weight Oligomers with Aromatic Backbone as Efficient Nonviral Gene Vectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10743-10751. [PMID: 27077449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of oligomers were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization. Although the molecular weights of these oligomers are only ∼2.5 kDa, they could efficiently bind and condense DNA into nanoparticles. These oligomers gave comparable transfection efficiency (TE) to PEI 25 kDa, while their TE could even increase with the presence of serum, and up to 65 times higher TE than PEI was obtained. The excellent serum tolerance was also confirmed by TEM, flow cytometry, and BSA adsorption assay. Moreover, structure-activity relationship studies revealed some interesting factors. First, oligomers containing aromatic rings in the backbone showed better DNA binding ability. These materials could bring more DNA cargo into the cells, leading to much better TE. Second, the isomerism of the disubstituted phenyl group on the oligomer backbone has large effect on the transfection. The ortho-disubstituted ones gave at least 1 order of magnitude higher TE than meta- or para-disubstituted oligomers. Gel electrophoresis involving DNase and heparin indicated that the difficulty to release DNA might contribute to the lower TE of the latter. Such clues may help us to design novel nonviral gene vectors with high efficiency and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ran Luan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Yu M, Wang J, Tang R, Yan G, Yao W, Wang X. Low Molecular Weight PEI-Based Vectors via Acid-Labile Ortho Ester Linkage for Improved Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1175-87. [PMID: 27106866 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pH-sensitive gene delivery vectors (POEI 1, 2, and 3) are synthesized through Michael addition from low molecular weight PEI (LMW PEI) via acid-labile ortho ester linkage with terminal acrylates (OEAc) by various feed molar ratios. The obtained POEI 1 and POEI 2 can efficiently condense plasmid DNA into nanoparticles with size range of 200-300 nm and zeta-potentials of about +15 mV while protecting DNA from enzymatic digestion compared with POEI 3. Significantly, ortho ester groups of POEI main-chains can make an instantaneous degradation-response to acidic endosomal pH (≈5.0), resulting in accelerated disruption of polyplexes and intracellular DNA release. MTT assay reveals that all POEIs exhibit much lower cytotoxicity in different cells than branched PEI (25 KDa). As expected, POEI 1 and POEI 2 perform improved gene transfection in vitro, suggesting that such polycations might be promising gene vectors based on overcoming toxicity-efficiency contradiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Weijing Yao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, P. R. China
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Wen R, Banik B, Pathak RK, Kumar A, Kolishetti N, Dhar S. Nanotechnology inspired tools for mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:52-69. [PMID: 26776231 PMCID: PMC4798867 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are recognized as major factors for various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders, and a group of diseases so called "mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases". One of the major hurdles to gain therapeutic efficiency in diseases where the targets are located in the mitochondria is the accessibility of the targets in this compartmentalized organelle that imposes barriers toward internalization of ions and molecules. Over the time, different tools and techniques were developed to improve therapeutic index for mitochondria acting drugs. Nanotechnology has unfolded as one of the logical and encouraging tools for delivery of therapeutics in controlled and targeted manner simultaneously reducing side effects from drug overdose. Tailor-made nanomedicine based therapeutics can be an excellent tool in the toolbox for diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. In this review, we present an extensive coverage of possible therapeutic targets in different compartments of mitochondria for cancer, cardiovascular, and mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wen
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Rakesh K Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Partikula LLC, Sunrise, FL 33326, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Bielski ER, Zhong Q, Brown M, da Rocha SRP. Effect of the Conjugation Density of Triphenylphosphonium Cation on the Mitochondrial Targeting of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3043-53. [PMID: 26158804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many clinically relevant diseases with known poor therapeutic outcomes, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, have been directly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. The ability to efficiently target therapeutics to intracellular organelles such as mitochondria may represent new opportunities for the effective treatment of such ailments. The present study reports the synthesis, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and mitochondrial colocalization of conjugates of triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) to amine-terminated, generation 4, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4NH2) nanocarriers. The mitochondrial-targeting moiety TPP was either directly conjugated to G4NH2 (G4NH2-TPP) or to the dendrimer through a flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker (G4NH2-PEGTPP). Conjugation was done at various TPP densities to assess their biological activity and potential for mitochondrial-targeted drug delivery. Tests in an in vitro model of the human alveolar carcinoma (A549 cells) showed that even at a low TPP density (∼5 TPP) both the cellular internalization and mitochondrial targeting increase significantly, as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal microscopy (CM), respectively. At a density of ∼10 TPP per G4NH2, further increase in cellular internalization and mitochondrial targeting was achieved. However, at this higher density, the nanocarriers also showed pronounced cytotoxicity. It was observed that the toxicity of the conjugates is decreased upon the addition of a PEG linker between the dendrimer and TPP (G4NH2-PEGTPP), while the mitochondrial targeting ability of the nanocarriers is not affected as the PEG density increases. The proposed strategies indicate that TPP-conjugated G4NH2 dendrimers represent a potentially viable strategy for the targeting of therapeutic molecules to mitochondria, which may help improve therapeutic outcomes of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bielski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Chang H, Cheng Y. Surface-Engineered Dendrimers in Gene Delivery. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5274-300. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500542t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiepin Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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Xun MM, Xiao YP, Zhang J, Liu YH, Peng Q, Guo Q, Wu WX, Xu Y, Yu XQ. Low molecular weight PEI-based polycationic gene vectors via Michael addition polymerization with improved serum-tolerance. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pathak RK, Kolishetti N, Dhar S. Targeted nanoparticles in mitochondrial medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:315-29. [PMID: 25348382 PMCID: PMC4397104 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the so-called 'energy factory of cells' not only produce energy but also contribute immensely in cellular mortality management. Mitochondrial dysfunctions result in various diseases including but not limited to cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the recent years, targeting mitochondria emerged as an attractive strategy to control mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases. Despite the desire to direct therapeutics to the mitochondria, the actual task is more difficult due to the highly complex nature of the mitochondria. The potential benefits of integrating nanomaterials with properties such as biodegradability, magnetization, and fluorescence into a single object of nanoscale dimensions can lead to the development of hybrid nanomedical platforms for targeting therapeutics to the mitochondria. Only a handful of nanoparticles based on metal oxides, gold nanoparticles, dendrons, carbon nanotubes, and liposomes were recently engineered to target mitochondria. Most of these materials face tremendous challenges when administered in vivo due to their limited biocompatibility. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles emerged as eminent candidates for effective drug delivery. In this review, we highlight the current advancements in the development of biodegradable nanoparticle platforms as effective targeting tools for mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- PartiKula LLC, 7777 Davie Rd., Hollywood, FL 33024
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Cai X, Li Y, Yue D, Yi Q, Li S, Shi D, Gu Z. Reversible PEGylation and Schiff-base linked imidazole modification of polylysine for high-performance gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1507-1517. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the designed polylysine based catiomer the reversible PEGylation was introduced forin vivocirculation and to augment the cellular internalization, while the Schiff-base linked imidazole to accelerate the endosomal escape and facilitate intracellular DNA unpacking and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
| | - Yongyong Li
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dong Yue
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Shuo Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhongwu Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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Wang F, Wang Y, Wang H, Shao N, Chen Y, Cheng Y. Synergistic effect of amino acids modified on dendrimer surface in gene delivery. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9187-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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