1
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Badami-Behjat A, Galeotti G, Gutzler R, Pastoetter DL, Heckl WM, Feng X, Lackinger M. Iodine passivation facilitates on-surface synthesis of robust regular conjugated two-dimensional organogold networks on Au(111). NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1042-1051. [PMID: 38639757 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated organogold networks with anthra-tetrathiophene repeat units are synthesized by thermally activated debrominative coupling of 2,5,9,12-tetrabromoanthra[1,2-b:4,3-b':5,6-b'':8,7-b''']tetrathiophene (TBATT) precursor molecules on Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Performing the reaction on iodine-passivated Au(111) surfaces promotes formation of highly regular structures, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In contrast, coupling on bare Au(111) surfaces results in less regular networks due to the simultaneous expression of competing intermolecular binding motifs in the absence of error correction. The carbon-Au-carbon bonds confer remarkable robustness to the organogold networks, as evidenced by their high thermal stability. In addition, as suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and underscored by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), the organogold networks exhibit a small electronic band gap in the order of 1.0 eV due to their high π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Badami-Behjat
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gianluca Galeotti
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik L Pastoetter
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Hao X, Zhang T, Niu M, Han X, Yang H, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Grazioli C, Liu L, Qiao J, Wang Y. Selective Formation of Homochiral Dimers by Intermolecular Charge Transfer on a hBN Nanomesh. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11933-11940. [PMID: 38663413 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive characterization was conducted on a chiral starburst molecule (C57H48N4, SBM) using scanning tunneling microscopy. When adsorbed onto the hBN/Rh(111) nanomesh, these molecules demonstrate homochiral recognition, leading to a selective formation of homochiral dimers. Further tip manipulation experiments reveal that the chiral dimers are stable and primarily controlled by strong intermolecular interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported that the chiral recognition of SBM molecules is governed by the intermolecular charge transfer mechanism, different from the common steric hindrance effect. This study emphasizes the importance of intermolecular charge transfer interactions, offering valuable insights into the chiral recognition of a simple bimolecular system. These findings hold significance for the future advancement in chirality-based electronic sensors and pharmaceuticals, where the chirality of molecules can impact their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Quanzhen Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingsi Qiao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Gao W, Zhi G, Zhou M, Niu T. Growth of Single Crystalline 2D Materials beyond Graphene on Non-metallic Substrates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311317. [PMID: 38712469 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The advent of 2D materials has ushered in the exploration of their synthesis, characterization and application. While plenty of 2D materials have been synthesized on various metallic substrates, interfacial interaction significantly affects their intrinsic electronic properties. Additionally, the complex transfer process presents further challenges. In this context, experimental efforts are devoted to the direct growth on technologically important semiconductor/insulator substrates. This review aims to uncover the effects of substrate on the growth of 2D materials. The focus is on non-metallic substrate used for epitaxial growth and how this highlights the necessity for phase engineering and advanced characterization at atomic scale. Special attention is paid to monoelemental 2D structures with topological properties. The conclusion is drawn through a discussion of the requirements for integrating 2D materials with current semiconductor-based technology and the unique properties of heterostructures based on 2D materials. Overall, this review describes how 2D materials can be fabricated directly on non-metallic substrates and the exploration of growth mechanism at atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Gao
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Miao Zhou
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
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4
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Abadia M, Piquero-Zulaica I, Brede J, Verdini A, Floreano L, V. Barth J, Lobo-Checa J, Corso M, Rogero C. Enhancing Haloarene Coupling Reaction Efficiency on an Oxide Surface by Metal Atom Addition. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1923-1930. [PMID: 38315034 PMCID: PMC10870764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials directly on semiconductor surfaces allows for the decoupling of their electronic and magnetic properties from the substrates. However, the typically reduced reactivity of such nonmetallic surfaces adversely affects the course of these reactions. Here, we achieve a high polymerization yield of halogenated polyphenyl molecular building blocks on the semiconducting TiO2(110) surface via concomitant surface decoration with cobalt atoms, which catalyze the Ullmann coupling reaction. Specifically, cobalt atoms trigger the debromination of 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl molecules on TiO2(110) and mediate the formation of an intermediate organometallic phase already at room temperature (RT). As the debromination temperature is drastically reduced, homocoupling and polymerization readily proceed, preventing presursor desorption from the substrate and entailing a drastic increase of the poly-para-phenylene polymerization yield. The general efficacy of this mechanism is shown with an iodinated terphenyl derivative, which exhibits similar dehalogenation and reaction yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Abadia
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physics
Department E20, Technical University of
Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jens Brede
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM,
Instituto Officina dei Materiali Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM,
Instituto Officina dei Materiali Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics
Department E20, Technical University of
Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Celia Rogero
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Li R, Zhang L, Chen T, Wang D. On-Surface Two-Dimensional Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12521-12532. [PMID: 37651313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are molecularly thin networks consisting of monomers covalently linked in at least two directions in the molecular plane. Because of the unique structural features and emergent physicochemical properties, 2DPs promise application potentials in catalysis, chemical sensing, and organic electronic devices. On-surface synthesis is of great interest to fabricate 2DPs with atomic precision, and the properties of the 2DPs can be characterized in situ through scanning probe techniques. In this Perspective, we first introduce the recent developments of on-surface 2D polymerization, including the design principle, the synthetic reactions, and the factors affecting the synthesis of 2DPs on surface. Then, we summarize some major challenges in this field, including the fabrication of high-quality 2DPs and the study of the intrinsic electronic properties of 2DPs, and we discuss some of the available solutions to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longzhu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Guo LY, Li JF, Lu ZW, Zhang J, He CT. Biomass-Derived Carbon-Based Multicomponent Integration Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300214. [PMID: 37148161 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting powered by sustainable electricity is a crucial approach for the development of new generation green hydrogen technology. Biomass materials are abundant and renewable, and the application of catalysis can increase the value of some biomass waste and turn waste into fortune. Converting economical and resource-rich biomass into carbon-based multicomponent integrated catalysts (MICs) has been considered as one of the most promising ways to obtain inexpensive, renewable and sustainable electrocatalysts in recent years. In this review, recent advances in biomass-derived carbon-based MICs towards electrocatalytic water splitting are summarized, and the existing issues and key aspects in the development of these electrocatalysts are also discussed and prospected. The application of biomass-derived carbon-based materials will bring some new opportunities in the fields of energy, environment, and catalysis, as well as promote the commercialization of new nanocatalysts in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Guo
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Lu
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ting He
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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7
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Islam MS, Mazumder AAM, Sohag MU, Sarkar MMH, Stampfl C, Park J. Growth mechanisms of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) on metal surfaces: theoretical perspectives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4041-4064. [PMID: 37560434 PMCID: PMC10408602 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has appeared as a promising material in diverse areas of applications, including as an excellent substrate for graphene devices, deep-ultraviolet emitters, and tunneling barriers, thanks to its outstanding stability, flat surface, and wide-bandgap. However, for achieving such exciting applications, controllable mass synthesis of high-quality and large-scale h-BN is a precondition. The synthesis of h-BN on metal surfaces using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been extensively studied, aiming to obtain large-scale and high-quality materials. The atomic-scale growth process, which is a prerequisite for rationally optimizing growth circumstances, is a key topic in these investigations. Although theoretical investigations on h-BN growth mechanisms are expected to reveal numerous new insights and understandings, different growth methods have completely dissimilar mechanisms, making theoretical research extremely challenging. In this article, we have summarized the recent cutting-edge theoretical research on the growth mechanisms of h-BN on different metal substrates. On the frequently utilized Cu substrate, h-BN development was shown to be more challenging than a simple adsorption-dehydrogenation-growth scenario. Controlling the number of surface layers is also an important challenge. Growth on the Ni surface is controlled by precipitation. An unusual reaction-limited aggregation growth behavior has been seen on interfaces having a significant lattice mismatch to h-BN. With intensive theoretical investigations employing advanced simulation approaches, further progress in understanding h-BN growth processes is predicted, paving the way for guided growth protocol design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sherajul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna 9203 Bangladesh
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA
| | | | - Minhaz Uddin Sohag
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna 9203 Bangladesh
| | - Md Mosarof Hossain Sarkar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna 9203 Bangladesh
| | - Catherine Stampfl
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Jeongwon Park
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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8
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Wang J, Cheon WS, Lee JY, Yan W, Jung S, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Magnetic boron nitride adorned with Pd nanoparticles: an efficient catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3567-3574. [PMID: 36880529 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an excellent support material for nanocatalysts due to its two-dimensional (2D) architectural morphology and physicochemical stability. In this study, a chemically stable, recoverable, eco-friendly, and magnetic h-BN/Pd/Fe2O3 catalyst was prepared by a one-step calcination process, in which Pd and Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were uniformly decorated on the surface of h-BN via a typical adsorption-reduction procedure. In detail, nanosized magnetic (Pd/Fe2O3) NPs were derived from a Prussian blue analogue prototype, a well-known porous metal-organic framework, and then further surface-engineered to produce magnetic BN nanoplate-supported Pd nanocatalysts. The structural and morphological features of h-BN/Pd/Fe2O3 were investigated by spectroscopic and microscopic characterization techniques. Moreover, the h-BN nanosheets endow it with stability and appropriate chemical anchoring sites which solve the problems of inefficient reaction rate and high consumption caused by the inevitable agglomeration of precious metal NPs. Under mild reaction conditions, the developed nanostructured h-BN/Pd/Fe2O3 as the catalyst shows high yield and efficient reusability in reducing nitroarenes into the corresponding anilines using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Seok Cheon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wenqian Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Department of Nano-bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Tsukahara N, Yoshinobu J. Substrate-Selective Intermolecular Interaction and the Molecular Self-Assemblies: 1,3,5-Tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene Molecules on the Ag(111) and Si(111) (√3 × √3)-Ag Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8881-8889. [PMID: 35770974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation processes of the self-assembled layer of 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene (TBB) molecules on the Ag(111) and Si(111) (√3 × √3)-Ag surfaces by STM measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The self-assembled layers on the surfaces show characteristic structures controlled by the interplay between the intermolecular interaction and the molecule-substrate interaction. Through the cooperative interplay between the molecule-substrate interaction and the intermolecular halogen bond (XB), the periodic arrangement of TBB molecules appears on the Ag(111) surface. On the other hand, the two types of TBB arrangement appear on the Si(111) (√3 × √3)-Ag surface (phases 1 and 2). Phase 1 is the periodic arrangement of the TBB molecules and is derived from the cooperative interplay between the molecule-substrate interaction and the intermolecular van der Waals (vdW) interaction and the hydrogen bond (HB), and phase 2 is a random arrangement and is derived from the competitive interplay between the molecule-substrate interaction and the intermolecular XB and HB. Our present study specifies the role of the substrate in the molecular self-assembly of the substrate. Although the structure of the molecular self-assembly is controlled by the choice of the substrate, the cooperative interplay between the molecule-substrate interaction and the intermolecular interaction is necessary to realize the ideal periodic arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Tsukahara
- National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, Toriba-machi 580, Maebashi-shi 370-8530, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi 277-8581, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Rheinfrank E, Pörtner M, Nuñez Beyerle MDC, Haag F, Deimel PS, Allegretti F, Seufert K, Barth JV, Bocquet ML, Feulner P, Auwärter W. Actinide Coordination Chemistry on Surfaces: Synthesis, Manipulation, and Properties of Thorium Bis(porphyrinato) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14581-14591. [PMID: 34477375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Actinide-based metal-organic complexes and coordination architectures encompass intriguing properties and functionalities but are still largely unexplored on surfaces. We introduce the in situ synthesis of actinide tetrapyrrole complexes under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, on both a metallic support and a 2D material. Specifically, exposure of a tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) multilayer to an elemental beam of thorium followed by a temperature-programmed reaction and desorption of surplus molecules yields bis(porphyrinato)thorium (Th(TPP)2) assemblies on Ag(111) and hexagonal boron nitride/Cu(111). A multimethod characterization including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and complementary density functional theory modeling provides insights into conformational and electronic properties. Supramolecular assemblies of Th(TPP)2 as well as individual double-deckers are addressed with submolecular precision, e.g., demonstrating the reversible rotation of the top porphyrin in Th(TPP)2 by molecular manipulation. Our findings thus demonstrate prospects for actinide-based functional nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Rheinfrank
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias Pörtner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter S Deimel
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Départment de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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11
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Wang W, Jiang H, Li L, Li G. Two-dimensional group-III nitrides and devices: a critical review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:086501. [PMID: 34229312 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac11c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As third-generation semiconductors, group-III nitrides are promising for high power electronic and optoelectronic devices because of their wide bandgap, high electron saturation mobility, and other unique properties. Inspired by the thickness-dependent properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials represented by graphene, it is predicted that the 2D counterparts of group-III nitrides would have similar properties. However, the preparation of 2D group-III nitride-based materials and devices is limited by the large lattice mismatch in heteroepitaxy and the low rate of lateral migration, as well as the unsaturated dangling bonds on the surfaces of group-III nitrides. The present review focuses on theoretical and experimental studies on 2D group-III nitride materials and devices. Various properties of 2D group-III nitrides determined using simulations and theoretical calculations are outlined. Moreover, the breakthroughs in their synthesis methods and their underlying physical mechanisms are detailed. Furthermore, devices based on 2D group-III nitrides are discussed accordingly. Based on recent progress, the prospect for the further development of the 2D group-III nitride materials and devices is speculated. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of 2D group-III nitride materials, aiming to promote the further development of the related fields of nano-electronic and nano-optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hongsheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
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12
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Houtsma RSK, de la Rie J, Stöhr M. Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons: interplay of structural and electronic properties. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6541-6568. [PMID: 34100034 PMCID: PMC8185524 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons hold great promise for future applications in nanoelectronic devices, as they may combine the excellent electronic properties of graphene with the opening of an electronic band gap - not present in graphene but required for transistor applications. With a two-step on-surface synthesis process, graphene nanoribbons can be fabricated with atomic precision, allowing precise control over width and edge structure. Meanwhile, a decade of research has resulted in a plethora of graphene nanoribbons having various structural and electronic properties. This article reviews not only the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons but also how their electronic properties are ultimately linked to their structure. Current knowledge and considerations with respect to precursor design, which eventually determines the final (electronic) structure, are summarized. Special attention is dedicated to the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons, also in dependence on their width and edge structure. It is exactly this possibility of precisely changing their properties by fine-tuning the precursor design - offering tunability over a wide range - which has generated this vast research interest, also in view of future applications. Thus, selected device prototypes are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Koen Houtsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joris de la Rie
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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13
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Initiating Ullmann-like coupling of Br 2Py by a semimetal surface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3414. [PMID: 33564022 PMCID: PMC7873249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been devoted to surface Ullmann-like coupling in recent years, due to its appealing success towards on-surface synthesis of tailor-made nanostructures. While attentions were mostly drawn on metallic substrates, however, Ullmann dehalogenation and coupling reaction on semimetal surfaces has been seldom addressed. Herein, we demonstrate the self-assembly of 2, 7-dibromopyrene (Br2Py) and the well controllable dehalogenation reaction of Br2Py on the Bi(111)–Ag substrate with a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory calculations (DFT). By elaborately investigating the reaction path and formed organic nanostructures, it is revealed that the pristinely inert bismuth layer supported on the silver substrate can initiate Ullmann-like coupling in a desired manner by getting alloyed with Ag atoms underneath, while side products have not been discovered. By clarifying the pristine nature of Bi–Ag(111) and Ullmann-like reaction mechanisms, our report proposes an ideal template for thoroughly exploring dehalogenative coupling reaction mechanisms with atomic insights and on-surface synthesis of carbon-based architectures.
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14
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Riss A, Richter M, Paz AP, Wang XY, Raju R, He Y, Ducke J, Corral E, Wuttke M, Seufert K, Garnica M, Rubio A, V Barth J, Narita A, Müllen K, Berger R, Feng X, Palma CA, Auwärter W. Polycyclic aromatic chains on metals and insulating layers by repetitive [3+2] cycloadditions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1490. [PMID: 32198456 PMCID: PMC7083871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast potential of organic materials for electronic, optoelectronic and spintronic devices entails substantial interest in the fabrication of π-conjugated systems with tailored functionality directly at insulating interfaces. On-surface fabrication of such materials on non-metal surfaces remains to be demonstrated with high yield and selectivity. Here we present the synthesis of polyaromatic chains on metallic substrates, insulating layers, and in the solid state. Scanning probe microscopy shows the formation of azaullazine repeating units on Au(111), Ag(111), and h-BN/Cu(111), stemming from intermolecular homo-coupling via cycloaddition reactions of CN-substituted polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide (PAMY) intermediates followed by subsequent dehydrogenation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry demonstrates that the reaction also takes place in the solid state in the absence of any catalyst. Such intermolecular cycloaddition reactions are promising methods for direct synthesis of regioregular polyaromatic polymers on arbitrary insulating surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Marcus Richter
- Department for Molecular Functional Materials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandro Pérez Paz
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuanqin He
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jacob Ducke
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Eduardo Corral
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Wuttke
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Department for Molecular Functional Materials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department for Molecular Functional Materials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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15
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Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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16
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Fritton M, Duncan DA, Deimel PS, Rastgoo-Lahrood A, Allegretti F, Barth JV, Heckl WM, Björk J, Lackinger M. The Role of Kinetics versus Thermodynamics in Surface-Assisted Ullmann Coupling on Gold and Silver Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4824-4832. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fritton
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - David A. Duncan
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Atena Rastgoo-Lahrood
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Heckl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
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17
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Golestanzadeh M, Naeimi H. Effect of Confined Spaces in the Catalytic Activity of 1D and 2D Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts for Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triarylbenzenes: RGO-SO3
H vs. MWCNTs-SO3
H. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Golestanzadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Kashan, Kashan; 8731781167 Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; 8174673461 Iran
| | - Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Kashan, Kashan; 8731781167 Iran
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18
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Kumar A, Banerjee K, Foster AS, Liljeroth P. Two-Dimensional Band Structure in Honeycomb Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5596-5602. [PMID: 30134111 PMCID: PMC6179349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been recently proposed as a flexible material platform for realizing exotic quantum phases including topological and anomalous quantum Hall insulators. Experimentally, direct synthesis of 2D MOFs has been essentially confined to metal substrates, where the strong interaction with the substrate masks the intrinsic electronic properties of the MOF. In addition to electronic decoupling from the underlying metal support, synthesis on weakly interacting substrates (e.g., graphene) would enable direct realization of heterostructures of 2D MOFs with inorganic 2D materials. Here, we demonstrate synthesis of 2D honeycomb MOFs on epitaxial graphene substrate. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) complemented by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show the formation of a 2D band structure in the MOF decoupled from the substrate. These results open the experimental path toward MOF-based designer electronic materials with complex, engineered electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Kumar
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kaustuv Banerjee
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adam S. Foster
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate
School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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19
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Wagh GD, Akamanchi KG. Sulfated tungstate catalyzed synthesis of C 3 -symmetric 1,3,5-triaryl benzenes under solvent-free condition. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Rastgoo-Lahrood A, Lischka M, Eichhorn J, Samanta D, Schmittel M, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Reversible intercalation of iodine monolayers between on-surface synthesised covalent polyphenylene networks and Au(111). NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4995-5001. [PMID: 28383079 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on post-synthetic decoupling of covalent polyphenylene networks from Au(111) by intercalation of a chemisorbed iodine monolayer. The covalent networks were synthesised by on-surface Ullmann polymerization of 1,3-bis(p-bromophenyl)-5-(p-iodophenyl)benzene precursors on Au(111) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The present study relates to previous work, where successful detachment was demonstrated on Ag(111) by a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. On the more reactive Ag(111) surfaces, intercalation was readily accomplished by exposing the samples to iodine vapour at room temperature. On more noble Au(111), however, STM, XPS and NEXAFS consistently indicate that the same protocol merely results in co-adsorption of iodine on uncovered surface areas, whereas the covalent networks remain adsorbed on the metal. Yet, performing the iodine exposure at elevated surface temperatures similarly results in detachment of the organic networks via intercalation of an iodine monolayer also on Au(111) as evidenced by characteristic changes in STM. In addition, owing to the high thermal stability of the covalent networks and the comparatively low iodine desorption temperature, the reversibility of the process is demonstrated: sample annealing at 400 °C results in complete desorption of the iodine monolayer, whereby the covalent networks re-adsorb directly on Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Rastgoo-Lahrood
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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21
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Celasco E, Carraro G, Smerieri M, Savio L, Rocca M, Vattuone L. Influence of growing conditions on the reactivity of Ni supported graphene towards CO. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:104704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4978234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Celasco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità Operativa di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G. Carraro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità Operativa di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M. Smerieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L. Savio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M. Rocca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità Operativa di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L. Vattuone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità Operativa di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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22
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Kumar A, Banerjee K, Liljeroth P. Molecular assembly on two-dimensional materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:082001. [PMID: 28045007 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a well-known technique to create highly functional nanostructures on surfaces. Self-assembly on two-dimensional (2D) materials is a developing field driven by the interest in functionalization of 2D materials in order to tune their electronic properties. This has resulted in the discovery of several rich and interesting phenomena. Here, we review this progress with an emphasis on the electronic properties of the adsorbates and the substrate in well-defined systems, as unveiled by scanning tunneling microscopy. The review covers three aspects of the self-assembly. The first one focuses on non-covalent self-assembly dealing with site-selectivity due to inherent moiré pattern present on 2D materials grown on substrates. We also see that modification of intermolecular interactions and molecule-substrate interactions influences the assembly drastically and that 2D materials can also be used as a platform to carry out covalent and metal-coordinated assembly. The second part deals with the electronic properties of molecules adsorbed on 2D materials. By virtue of being inert and possessing low density of states near the Fermi level, 2D materials decouple molecules electronically from the underlying metal substrate and allow high-resolution spectroscopy and imaging of molecular orbitals. The moiré pattern on the 2D materials causes site-selective gating and charging of molecules in some cases. The last section covers the effects of self-assembled, acceptor and donor type, organic molecules on the electronic properties of graphene as revealed by spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements. Non-covalent functionalization of 2D materials has already been applied for their application as catalysts and sensors. With the current surge of activity on building van der Waals heterostructures from atomically thin crystals, molecular self-assembly has the potential to add an extra level of flexibility and functionality for applications ranging from flexible electronics and OLEDs to novel electronic devices and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto, University School of Science, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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23
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Matsuoka R, Sakamoto R, Hoshiko K, Sasaki S, Masunaga H, Nagashio K, Nishihara H. Crystalline Graphdiyne Nanosheets Produced at a Gas/Liquid or Liquid/Liquid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3145-3152. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Japan Society
for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ken Hoshiko
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sono Sasaki
- Faculty
of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology,Matsugasaki Hashikami-cho 1, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation
Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nagashio
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department
of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Surface-assisted Ullmann coupling is both drosophila and workhorse of on-surface synthesis. The fabrication of novel covalent low-dimensional organic nanostructures is accompanied by fundamental studies of surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum
- 80538 München
- Germany
- Physics Department
- Technische Universität München
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25
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Morchutt C, Björk J, Straßer C, Starke U, Gutzler R, Kern K. Interplay of Chemical and Electronic Structure on the Single-Molecule Level in 2D Polymerization. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11511-11518. [PMID: 28024333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single layers of covalently linked organic materials in the form of two-dimensional (2D) polymers constitute structures complementary to inorganic 2D materials. The electronic properties of 2D polymers may be manipulated through a deliberate choice of the organic precursors. Here we address the changes in electronic structure-from precursor molecule to oligomer-by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For this purpose, we introduce the polymerization reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene via decarboxylation on Cu(111), which is thoroughly characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. We present a comprehensive study of a contamination-free on-surface coupling scheme and study how dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, and polymerization affect the electronic structure on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Morchutt
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Carola Straßer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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26
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Sun Q, Cai L, Ding Y, Ma H, Yuan C, Xu W. Single-molecule insight into Wurtz reactions on metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2730-5. [PMID: 26725836 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wurtz reactions feature the dehalogenated coupling of alkyl halides. In comparison to their widely investigated counterparts, Ullmann reactions, Wurtz reactions have however been scarcely explored on surfaces. Herein, by combining high-resolution STM imaging and DFT calculations, we have systematically investigated Wurtz reactions on three chemically different metal surfaces including Cu(110), Ag(110) and Au(111). We find that the Wurtz reactions could be achieved on all three surfaces, and the temperatures for triggering the reactions are in the order of Cu(110) > Ag(110) > Au(111). Moreover, DFT calculations have been performed to unravel the pathways of on-surface Wurtz reactions and identify three basic steps of the reactions including debromination, diffusion and coupling processes. Interestingly, we found that the mechanism of the on-surface Wurtz reaction is intrinsically different from the Ullmann reaction and it is revealed that the coupling process is the rate-limiting step of Wurtz reactions on three different substrates. These findings have given a comprehensive picture of Wurtz reactions on metal surfaces and demonstrated that such a reaction could be an alternative reaction scheme for advanced on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanqi Ding
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
| | - Honghong Ma
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
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Rastgoo-Lahrood A, Björk J, Lischka M, Eichhorn J, Kloft S, Fritton M, Strunskus T, Samanta D, Schmittel M, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Postsynthetische Entkopplung oberflächensynthetisierter kovalenter Nanostrukturen von Ag(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atena Rastgoo-Lahrood
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; IFM Linköping University; Schweden
| | - Matthias Lischka
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
| | - Johanna Eichhorn
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
| | - Stephan Kloft
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
| | - Massimo Fritton
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Technische Fakultät; Lehrstuhl für Materialverbünde; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Deutschland
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro- & Nanochemistry & Engineering; Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- & Nanochemistry & Engineering; Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang M. Heckl
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Deutschland
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for NanoScience; Schellingstraße 4 80799 München Deutschland
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Rastgoo-Lahrood A, Björk J, Lischka M, Eichhorn J, Kloft S, Fritton M, Strunskus T, Samanta D, Schmittel M, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Post-Synthetic Decoupling of On-Surface-Synthesized Covalent Nanostructures from Ag(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7650-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atena Rastgoo-Lahrood
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; IFM Linköping University; 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Matthias Lischka
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Johanna Eichhorn
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Stephan Kloft
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Massimo Fritton
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Kaiserstrasse 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro- & Nanochemistry & Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- & Nanochemistry & Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Heckl
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Deutsches Museum; Museumsinsel 1 80538 München Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich and Center for Nanoscience; Schellingstrasse 4 80799 München Germany
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29
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Björk J. Reaction mechanisms for on-surface synthesis of covalent nanostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:083002. [PMID: 26836411 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/8/083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, on-surface synthesis has become an increasingly popular strategy to form covalent nanostructures. The approach has great prospects for facilitating the manufacture of a range of fascinating materials with atomic precision. However, the on-surface reactions are enigmatic to control, currently restricting its bright perspectives and there is a great need to explore how the reactions are governed. The objective of this topical review is to summarize theoretical work that has focused on comprehending on-surface synthesis protocols through studies of reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Sweden
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30
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Larrea CR, Baddeley CJ. Fabrication of a High-Quality, Porous, Surface-Confined Covalent Organic Framework on a Reactive Metal Surface. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:971-5. [PMID: 26773305 PMCID: PMC4991300 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of heterogeneous catalysis is to optimize catalytic selectivity. Selectivity is often limited by the fact that most heterogeneous catalysts possess sites with a range of reactivities, resulting in the formation of unwanted by-products. The construction of surface-confined covalent organic frameworks (sCOFs) on catalytically active surfaces is a desirable strategy, as pores can be tailored to operate as catalytic nanoreactors. Direct modification of reactive surfaces is impractical, because the strong molecule-surface interaction precludes monomer diffusion and formation of extended architectures. Herein, we describe a protocol for the formation of a high-quality sCOF on a Pd-rich surface by first fabricating a porous sCOF through Ullmann coupling on a Au-rich bimetallic surface on Pd(111). Once the sCOF has formed, thermal processing induces a Pd-rich surface while preserving the integrity of the sCOF architecture, as evidenced by scanning tunneling microscopy and titration of Pd sites through CO adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Larrea
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Christopher J Baddeley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K..
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31
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Zhao W, Dong L, Huang C, Win ZM, Lin N. Cu- and Pd-catalyzed Ullmann reaction on a hexagonal boron nitride layer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13225-13228. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Cu and Pd can efficiently activate Ullmann reactions on inert h-BN with two distinctive reaction paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Physics
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Physics
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Zaw Myo Win
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- Hong Kong
- China
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32
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Smerieri M, Celasco E, Carraro G, Lusuan A, Pal J, Bracco G, Rocca M, Savio L, Vattuone L. Enhanced Chemical Reactivity of Pristine Graphene Interacting Strongly with a Substrate: Chemisorbed Carbon Monoxide on Graphene/Nickel(1 1 1). ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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34
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Deng K, Huai QY, Shen ZL, Li HJ, Liu C, Wu YC. Rearrangement of Dypnones to 1,3,5-Triarylbenzenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:1473-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qi-Yong Huai
- Marine
College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Lun Shen
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
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35
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Wang F, Shen J, Cheng G, Cui X. Practical access to 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes from chalcones and DMSO. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We presents a practical access to 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes from chalcones and DMSO. This protocol could simultaneously provide symmetric and unsymmetric 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes under metal-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences
- Huaqiao University
| | - Jinhai Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences
- Huaqiao University
| | - Guolin Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences
- Huaqiao University
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences
- Huaqiao University
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